Дисертації: "Environment regulations"

1

Núñez, Rocha Thaís. "International trade and environment : the role of environmental regulations." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E051/document.

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Cette thèse contribue à la compréhension de la relation entre le commerce et l’environnement, en mettant l’accent sur le rôle de la réglementation environnementale entre pays. Trois essais abordent ce lien selon différentes perspectives. Le premier chapitre analyse l’efficacité de la formalisation de la Convention de Bâle sur le commerce des déchets dangereux dans l’Union européenne (UE-WSR) puis sur les pays en développement, divisés en régions. Je construis un indice de réglementation environnementale, qui comprend notamment la qualité des institutions. Les résultats montrent peu de preuves d’un effet de havre de déchets dans les pays de l’UE les moins développés. Dans l’analyse régionale, il n’y a aucune preuve de l’efficacité de l’UE-WSR. Le second chapitre étudie l’efficacité des accords internationaux sur l’environnement. Ce chapitre évalue les effets de la ratification et de l’adoption de ces accords sur les importations de produits chimiques dangereux et de polluants organiques persistants. Les résultats soulignent l’effet partiel de ces deux conventions. Plus précisément, lorsqu’on évalue un accord moins restrictif, les importations ne sont réduites que lorsque l’exportateur ratifie la convention. Lors de l’évaluation de l’interdiction des polluants organiques persistants, les importations sont réduites. Le troisième examine l’effet de la réglementation environnementale sur les résultats environnementaux. Ce chapitre a pris en compte les déterminants de la pollution et une variable de réglementation environnementale composée de lois environnementales adoptées par les pays. Les résultats montrent que les lois environnementales ont un effet améliorant les résultats environnementaux. Cet effet est particulier aux résultats environnementaux et à la loi. Ainsi on met en question certaines conclusions antérieures tirées de la littérature sur l’effet bénéfique du commerce sur l’environnement
This thesis contributes to an understanding of the relationship between trade and the environment, with an emphasis on the role of environmental regulation among countries. Three essays deal with this link from different perspectives. The first chapter analyses the effectiveness of the formalization of the Basel Convention on trade in hazardous wastes in the European Union (EU-WSR), followed by developing countries, and divided into regions. I build an environmental regulation index, which includes the quality of the institutions. The results show little evidence of a waste haven effect in the least developed EU countries. In the regional analysis, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of the EU-WSR. The second chapter examines the effectiveness of international environmental agreements. This chapter assesses the effects of the ratification and adoption of these agreements on imports of hazardous chemicals and persistent organic pollutants. The results underline the partial effect of these two conventions. More specifically, when assessing a less restrictive arrangement, imports are reduced only when the exporter ratifies the agreement. In assessing the ban on persistent organic pollutants, imports are reduced. The third examines the effect of environmental regulation on environmental outcomes. This chapter has taken into account the determinants of pollution and an environmental regulatory variable composed of environmental laws adopted by countries. The results show that environmental laws have an effect improving environmental outcomes. This effect is unique to environmental outcomes and to the law. Thus, some previous conclusions drawn from the literature on the beneficial effect of trade on the environment are questioned

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2

Stebbins, Glenn Thurston. "CLASSIFICATION OF PRISON INMATES ACCORDING TO PRISON RULES AND REGULATIONS (ENVIRONMENT)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291276.

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3

Lillicrap, Adam. "Regulating the regulations and harmonizing the disharmonized : challenges and issues of regulatory environmental hazard and risk assessments of chemicals." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25744.

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The focus of this thesis is the regulatory aspects of environmental hazard and risk assessment of chemicals, with a particular emphasis on whether current regulatory requirements are sufficient for assessing the risks chemicals pose to the environment. Since the way that chemicals are currently regulated on a global, regional or national level is complex and challenging, it is not surprising that there are faults with the current system. Legislations and regulations, such as the European regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restrictions of Chemicals (REACH), specifically indicates that unnecessary testing should be avoided wherever possible. However, this has not been the case for all hazard evaluations and some substances may have been assessed unnecessarily, or incorrectly resulting in significant underestimation of the potential effects to the environment. The aim of this research was to identify the major pitfalls and flaws with how environmental risk assessments are being performed, and to find a more harmonious approach to properly ensure that chemicals are regulated more appropriately. Within this thesis, there are examples of ecotoxicity studies for substances that should have little or minimal environmental consequences but which have been required for regulatory reasons. Such an example highlighted in this thesis is the artificial sweetener sucralose or silica fume. Conversely, other substances which are likely to have severe adverse environmental impacts could have been authorised for use inappropriately without the additional research that was carried out. Examples of potentially harmful chemicals not being regulated sufficiently, detailed in this thesis, include benzoylurea pesticides, used in aquaculture, and novel antifoulant substances such as thiophenones used in industrial processes. The papers in this thesis indicate that there is a large disparity between how some substances are being regulated. In order to improve the current situation and to aid environmental risk assessors and regulatory authorities, integrated strategies have been proposed incorporating all available data to collectively inform on for example the bioaccumulative properties of a substance. In addition, recommendations for improving the risk assessment processes are discussed with the aim of better regulating chemicals and harmonizing future environmental risk assessments.

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4

Lam, Shih-en, and 林詩恩. "A pilot study on potential involvement of epigenetic regulations secondary to perturbed intrauterine environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41509018.

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5

Lam, Shih-en. "A pilot study on potential involvement of epigenetic regulations secondary to perturbed intrauterine environment." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41509018.

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6

Alvarez, Ana. "The Effects of a Psychosocial Environment on College Women’s Exercise Regulations and Social Physique Anxiety." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799470/.

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A positive psychosocial intervention comprised of high autonomy support, task-involvement, and caring was implemented in physical activity classes to examine its effects on college women’s basic psychological needs (i.e. autonomy, competence, relatedness), exercise regulations (i.e. external, introjected, identified, integrated, intrinsic) and social physique anxiety (SPA). We hypothesized that at the end of the semester, participants in the intervention group (N = 73) would report greater need satisfaction, more self-determined regulations and less SPA than participants in the non-intervention group (N = 60). At T1 and T2, both the intervention and non-intervention participants reported “agreeing” with experiencing an autonomy supportive, task-involving, and caring environment. Furthermore, both groups at T1 and T2 reported moderate SPA. No significant group differences were found at T1. At T2, significant group differences were observed in the intervention and non-intervention groups’ report of external regulation and intrinsic regulation. The results suggests that group exercise instructors are capable of creating a positive psychosocial environment to enhance students’ intrinsic motivation.

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7

Hogan-Sheldon, Judith A. "Biological mercury reduction in the environment and its policy implications for metals regulations based on speciation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38084.

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8

Woofter, Christopher L. "Environmental compliance in quarrying operations: a computer-based decison support system." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41029.

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9

Ye, Jing. "E-waste management in developing countries through legislation and regulations : a case study of China." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8032.

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E-waste is an emerging issue driven by the rapidly increasing quantities, the hazards involved and the valuable materials in it. Due to a lack of environmentally sound technologies or equipment and the imperfect e-waste management system, the poor quality e-waste recycling and disposal methods commonly practiced in developing countries now have serious and hazardous effects on the environment and the workers'/residents' health. Additionally, industrialized countries are exporting increasing quantities of e-waste to developing countries, complicating the situation finther. The environmental and health issues caused by e-waste in developing countries have resulted in the search for solutions to address this problem before it becomes worse. The main purpose of this research is to find how legislation and regulations be used to improve management of e-waste in developing countries especially studying a case in China on e-waste management, which is a very helpful example to other developing countries which are also facing the same e-waste'issue. A case study methodology was used in this research. To collect data, semi-structured interviews with officers or experts from key relevant government departments/institutions involved in e-waste management/regulation, from electronic appliance producers, from customers at different levels of the value chain, as well as direct and non-participant observations were carried out in six cities of China. For another perspective, the review of relevant departmental documents/publications was also carried out to multiply the source of data. In this case study the analysis relies largely on qualitative data and interpretive methods, applied to what was found in interviews/observations and what is written down in documents/ literatures. The research found that lack of systernatic and enforceable law and regulations has become the most serious obstacle in the e-waste management system and limited the effective control of e-waste in developing countries. Developing subsidiary regulations and standards could support the enforcement of the main national law and regulations on e-waste management and it could farther urge the development of local regulations to improve the enforceýbility of the national law and regulations. Identifying the principal administrative department and coordinating the cooperation of various departments could avoid the duplication of administrative functions among government departments. It is important to construct monitoring systems to supervise the enforcement of the regulations and construct the standards and registration system to qualify the e-waste recycling and disposal enterprises, the secondhand market of electronic products and the regenerative resources market of reusable materials in ewaste. The economic differences made it possible to formulate special regulations for economically backward areas compared to the, more advanced areas even within one country. Improving the existing e-waste recovery system and regulating the payment system according to the local economic conditions for e-waste recycling and disposal could improve the integrated management of e-waste. Producers as well as government and even consumers should be responsible for e-waste together. The government needs to continuously strengthen regulatory systems to ensure that the huge economic benefits from the e-waste recycling industry are not overshadowed by the negative impact on the workers'/residents' welfare and overall environmental sustainability,

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10

Ozkan, Ozlem. "Attitudes And Opinions Of People Who Use Medical Services About Privacy And Confidentiality Of Health Information In Electronic Environment." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612974/index.pdf.

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In health services, it is a necessity to keep the records of the patients. Although paper-based records are commonly used for this aim, they are not as convenient as computerized records. Therefore, many of the health facilities have recently started keeping patients&rsquo
health records in electronic databases. However, new questions about confidentiality and privacy of these records were raised with this new system.This study aims to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the people who use the health services of Turkey about the privacy and confidentiality of health information in electronic environment. In the survey, there are 596 participants from 64 different cities in six geographical regions of Turkey. The findings show that people feel comfortable about computer usage in health-care but they are concerned about the privacy and confidentiality of their information and also they are not sure if their medical information is safe and secure now. Moreover, they are mostly unaware about current regulations related to information privacy in Turkey. The study also shows that people trust in their doctors, health researchers in universities, pharmacist, nurses and other hospital staff but do not trust in insurance companies, government, private sector health researchers, information technology specialists and government health researchers for the privacy of their medical records.

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11

MARQUES, MARIA N. "Avaliacao do impacto de agrotoxicos em areas de protecao ambiental, pertencentes a bacia hidrografica do rio Ribeira de Iguape, Sao Paulo. Uma contribuicao a analise critica da legislacao sobre o padrao de potabilidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11193.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP

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12

King, Philip Albert. "How to utilise marketing opportunities in a highly regulated environment : the veterinary industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/935.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The veterinary industry is operating in a highly regulated environment. Up till now these regulations prevented veterinarians to freely market veterinary services, especially professional services. Every business person in the biggest part of the world is subject to free-market economic pressures. However in the case of the professional, who is also a business person, these economic market-pressures could become very intense and unbalanced, and lead to what is called the “professional dilemma” (Du Preez, 2003: 8). Professional persons are governed by their respective codes of conduct. Those professionals who practice as entrepreneurs therefore need to be more business skilled and creative to successfully manage their businesses as they do not have the luxury of utilising the normal business strategies and options. The state of professionalism within the veterinary profession in South Africa in terms of entrepreneurship has been addressed in the past, but there is still a major gap in terms of providing business tools to managers in the veterinary industry. The biggest challenge in terms of the general business functions faced by veterinarians is the marketing function, thus the reason for this study. It is necessary that the highly regulated environments of professionals being understood. Therefore the research has been conducted by highlighting these environments. The researcher then continues to analyse the internal and external environment, client needs and customer profile in order to identify ways of optimising marketing opportunities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veeartseny industrie word bedryf in ‘n hoogs gereguleerde omgewing. Hierdie regulasies het veeartse tot nou toe verhoed om dienste, veral professionele dienste, vrylik te bemark. Besigheidspersone regoor die wêreld verkeer onder vryemark ekonomiese druk. In die geval van die professionele persoon, wat ook ‘n besigheidspersoon is, kan die ekonomiese druk baie intens en ongebalansseerd word. Daar word verwys na die “professionele dilemma” (Du Preez, 2003: 8). Professionele persone word gereguleer deur hul onderskeie kodes. Daardie professionele persone wat praktiseer as entrepreneurs moet dus oor meer besigheids- en kreatiewe vaardighede beskik om hul besigheid suksesvol te bestuur. Hulle het nie die luuksheid om die algemene strategiee te benut nie. Die stand van professionalisme in die veeartsenyprofessie in Suid- Afrika in terme van entrepeneurskap is al voorheen aangespreek, maar daar is nog steeds gapings ten opsigte van die beskikbaarstelling van besigheidsvaardighede aan bestuurders in die bedryf. Die grootste uitdaging in terme van besigheidsfunksies wat veeartse in die gesig staar, is die bemarkingsfunksie. Dit is dus die rede vir hierdie studieprojek. Dit is belangrik dat die hoogs gereguleerde omgewing van professionele persone verstaan word. Die studie begin dus deur hierdie verskillende omgewings te skets. Die studie skenk verder aandag aan die ontleding van die interne en eksterne omgewings, klientebehoeftes en –profiel om maniere te vind om bemarkingsgeleenthede binne regulasies ten volle te kan benut.

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13

Ross, John D. "Regulating Hypermedia: Self-regulation learning strategies in a hypermedia environment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26921.

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Students of all abilities and ranges of achievement have become familiar with a variety of hypermedia-based settings which offer information on virtually any content area. The concept of self-regulation implies that learners can initiate processes to facilitate learning regardless of their perceived learning ability or environment, two learning characteristics once thought to be immutable forces. The purpose of the study was to design and implement hypermedia components that provide various levels of user support based upon known self-regulatory learning strategies. The components were applied within an existing web-based learning environment which combined class lecture and presentation with web-based components. Student input provided impetus for the revision of existing components and suggestions for new components designed to promote regulatory behavior within the web-based environment. Through participant observation, student desires for hypermedia components which promote self-regulatory behaviors are described and compared with the actual usage patterns of these components. Significant differences were found in measures of students perceived level of self-efficacy for performance and learning, metacognitive self-regulation, and test anxiety. In addition, one of the added components was rated as "highly effective" by the participants and the second-most-used component of the web site. Discussion incorporates student input to provide support for incorporating components which promote self-regulatory learning strategies in a hypermedia instructional environment and offers generalizations for educators and instructional designers based on these findings.
Ph. D.

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14

Tong, González Francisco. "Administrative Simplification and "Positive Regulation" in the Environmental and Mining Regulations." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119160.

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In this article, the author studies the objectives and principles established during the 90’s,with respect to administrative simplification in contrast with the current governmental objectives for the optimization of the economy and reduction of unnecessary procedures,basically related to mining and environmental proceedings. Finally, the author proposes theneed for a structural change in Peruvian Mining and Environmental Regulations under the framework of what he calls a «positive regulation».
En el presente artículo el autor reflexiona acerca de los objetivos y principios trazados en la década del noventa, en lo que respecta específicamente a la simplificación administrativa comparándolos con los objetivos actuales de dinamización de la economía y reducción de trámites innecesarios; principalmente, los referidos a procedimientos mineros y ambientales. Finalmente, el autor plantea la necesidad de un cambio estructural en la regulación ambiental y minera bajo la forma de lo que denomina una «regulación positiva».

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15

Ahmad, Vina. "Barns rörelse i förskolan : En kvalitativ studie baserad på förskollärares uppfattningar om barns fysiska aktivitet i förskolan och vilken inverkan den fysiska miljön har på den." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35573.

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The aim of this thesis is to get an overall view over preschool teacher’s perceptions about children's physical activity in preschool and also understand what impact the physical environment has on it. In Sweden children participate in preschool at an early age and spends the majority of their waken time there. Preschool therefore becomes an important platform to promote children’s early physical activities as it has great effect on their future lifestyle. The physical environment plays a significant role for children’s opportunity to be physically active and therefor also becomes an important part of this study. In this study I used a qualitative semi structured interview with six preschool teachers who worked in different preschools. The theoretical background is based on Osnes, Skaug, and Kaarbys (2012) five positioning categories which are guidance, spectator, playmate, play in parallel with the child as well as initiate play. Each and one of this positioning categories have an impact on children’s play and the movements they use in those plays (2012). I also use Gitz-Johansen, Kampmann and Kirkeby theory where they describe the complex relationship between children and the pedagogical room (2001 in Eriksson 2013). My study shows that the overall attitude toward physical activity is positive and is considered by the preschool teachers to be an essential part in children’s childhood. The preschool teachers are aware that they are the gatekeepers to physical activity and how their attitude can regulate children’s movements due to norms and values of the society they belong to. They expressed their dissatisfaction toward the preschool organization and highlighted the external factors that regulates the children’s movements which they expressed where out of their ability to impact such as large children groups, small staff density, narrow space to move in and so forth. They believe that children’s play is the gateway to physical activity and their positioning can help children to develop their physical abilities.

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16

Lyons, David. "Do environmental regulations matter? : environmental regulation, the petrochemical industry and economic growth in Taiwan, 1953-2003." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407946.

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17

Arendse, Clarice. "An evaluation of the development of environmental legislation governing environmental impact assessments and integrated environmental management in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3831.

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18

Lee, Jong Min. "Engineering the Environment: Regulatory Engineering at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1980." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51564.

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My dissertation addresses how engineers, scientists, and bureaucrats generated knowledge about pollution, crafted an institution for environmental protection, and constructed a collective identity for themselves. I show an important shift in regulators\' priorities, from stringent health-based standards to flexible technology-based ones through the development of end-of-pipeline pollution control devices, which contributed to the emergence of economic incentives and voluntary management programs. Drawing on findings from archival documents, published sources, and oral history interviews, I examine the first decade of the EPA amid constant organizational changes that shaped the technological and managerial character of environmental policy in the United States. Exploring the EPA\'s internal research and development processes and their relationship with scientific and engineering communities sheds light on how the new fields of environmental engineering and policy were co-produced in the 1970s. I argue that two competing approaches for environmental management, a community health approach and a control technology approach, developed from EPA\'s responses to bureaucratic, geographical, and epistemic challenges. I focus on researchers and managers from the Office of Research and Development at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, as they were engaged in (1) controversy about integrated aerometry and epidemiology research intended to correlate air pollution and health, (2) intra-agency debate about the government\'s responsibility for introducing catalytic converters for tailpipe emissions reduction and responding to the potential environmental and social consequences, and (3) inter-agency activities for the demonstration of scrubbers for smokestack emissions and further application of the control technology approach in energy-related environmental problems. My principal conceptual contribution is "regulatory engineering." I define regulatory engineering as an approach to sociotechnical problems in which engineering practices are incorporated into regulatory and organizational changes, which in turn influences technical knowledge and identity formation. As EPA activities became closely associated with energy and economic issues toward the end of the 1970s, I argue that engineers took the initiative in demonstrating and evaluating control technologies for pollution abatement and energy development, scientists carefully studied environmental and health effects of these technologies, and regulators set up pollution standards and attainment deadlines accordingly. Studying the co-production of knowledge, institution, and identity through the lens of regulatory engineering helps us to understand technoscientific and managerial aspects of environmental governance beyond the 1970s EPA where technical feasibility considerations, economic incentives, and cooperative management expanded into legislation and regulation.
Ph. D.

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Wong, May-tak Glady. "Environmental regulation and crime : the case of pollution in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781194.

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20

Duncan, Judy Lee-Ann. "Ballast Water: Extremely Convenient for the Shipping Industry but Disastrous for Coastal Waters and the Environment: A Study on the Effect of Ballast Water on Various Coasts and the Laws and Regulations in Place Regarding Ballast Water." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4599.

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Rentroia, Cláudia Regina Lima. "Visão sistêmica da efetividade das normas de competência na busca de solução, pelo poder judiciário, para os conflitos ambientais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18833.

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Since it became a reason of worldwide concern, environment has demanded from Brazilian public power a growing dedication towards the protection o f this diffuse right. The State powers find themselves involved with this munus, in order to fulfill their functions of organizing society and ensuring social peace. Many times, however, the latter can only be achieved by virtue of Judiciary action, since conflicts of interest are inherent to human relations. The object of this study was the exercise of jurisdictional function as a mean to reach effectiveness of competence regulation, in the search for solutions of environmental conflicts. Finally, some proposals are presented, aiming to contribute for the acquisition of a protective mentality. The purpose o f this is the fulfillment o f the constitutional command o f maintaining an ecologícally balanced environment for both present and future generations.
Desde que se tornou motivo de preocupação mundial, o meio ambiente tem exigido do poder público brasileiro uma dedicação cada vez maior no sentido de proteger este direito difuso. Os poderes estatais encontram-se envolvidos com esse munus, com a finalidade de cumprir suas funções de organizar a sociedade e garantir a paz social. Muitas vezes, no entanto, esta última só é alcançada por força da atuação do Poder Judiciário, desde que os conflitos de interesses são inerentes ao convívio humano. Foi objeto deste estudo o exercício da função jurisdicional como meio de se chegar à efetividade das normas de competência, na busca de solução para os conflitos ambientais. Ao final, são apresentadas algumas propostas, visando uma contribuição no sentido de auxiliar a aquisição de uma mentalidade protetiva. O objetivo desta, não se pode perder de vista, é o cumprimento do comando constitucional de manutenção do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado tanto para a presente quanto para as futuras gerações.

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Li, Zhao. "Securities regulation in the international environment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/691/.

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It is undisputed that the world’s securities markets are becoming increasingly international and increasingly integrated. The internationalization of the world’s securities markets is one of the most significant developments affecting the securities markets of many nations. “How should regulators respond?” is an issue that is hotly contested. The purpose of this thesis is not to introduce a new theory but rather to offer a comprehensive analysis of past and present practice, in order to identify what is effective and what is not. There are three competing approaches to international securities regulation – harmonization, regulatory competition and cooperation. Thus the thesis analyzes these three leading current theoretical arguments in turn as paradigms for international securities regulation. On this basis, the paper will focus on these three approaches and address the fundamental questions posed by the internationalization of securities markets: which regulatory approach is the proper and best way to govern securities regulation in the new international market? Are there any areas which need to be improved? And therefore, how can international regulation be improved? The thesis will answer these questions in two ways: in theory and in practical application. With regard to theory, the thesis examines the definitions and arguments given to each approach. Harmonization is the idea that rules and regulations should be standardized across countries as much as possible. In contrast to the harmonization is the regulatory competition approach. Under this model, countries do not coordinate with one another – each country is free to enact whatever rules and regulations it chooses. Whereas, the third approach cooperation traditionally is an instrument to reduce conflicts and tensions. International cooperation is defined as conscious policy coordination among states. On a practical level, the thesis delineates the current stage of harmonization, regulatory competition and cooperation developments in the EU, US, as well as internationally. It should be recognized that each of the three securities regulatory approaches analyzed in this thesis have contributed much towards international securities regulation. However, as discussed each approach has its problems, none is perfect. As long as there are regulations, there will be abuses and room for improvements. One of major problem in the international arena is that there are no international law-making institutions vested with legal authority to address these issues. Instead of a formal international securities regulator there is a set of international institutions which include a limited number of countries which produce standards and norms that are then adopted by national authorities on a voluntary basis. Because of the diversity, complexity, and universality of issues likely to continue to arise over the next decade, a single international body should be considered to facilitate world cooperation in addressing these issues.

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23

Nhamo, Godwell. "Environmental policy processes surrounding South Africa's plastic bags regulations : tensions, debates and responses in waste product regulation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008051.

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This study was conducted in South Africa. South Africa is the first country within the Southern African Development Community to have regulated plastic shopping bags waste through the imposition of both a standard on thickness and a levy. Given this scenario, the Plastic Bags Regulations present an illustrative case for researching complexity, uncertainty and controversies surrounding a new trend in environmental policy making, namely waste product regulation. The thesis focuses on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process as actors and actor-networks put not only the Plastic Bags Regulations asfocal actant (token) but also other actants and actant-networks as well. To this end, a research question that addressed environmental policies, tensions, debates and responses that informed the development of South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations was spelt out. The research objectives included the need to: (I) analyse selected international environmental policy processes surrounding plastic shopping bags litter and waste regulation and how these influenced developments in South Africa; (2) identify actors, actants and actor/actant-networks that shaped and were being transformed by South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations and explain the tensions, debates and responses arising in the policy processes; (3) identify environmental policy outputs and assess outcomes emerging from the formulation and implementation of South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations; and (4) establish patterns in environmental policy process reforms around South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations. The language of actors (human), actants (non-human) and actor/actant-networks brings to the fore the aspects of processes and relationships that exist around them. As such, insights from the actor/actant-network theory (AANT) were drawn upon to inform the research. AANT enquiry framework collapses binaries such as nature/society, art/science, structure/agency and global/local historically associated with a particular type of social theory. AANT also denies that purely technical, scientific or social relations are possible (the notion of quaSi-objects or token). Data sets were generated following' the Plastic Bags Regulations as token actant with time frames ranging from prior to, during and after the formulation of the regulations. Similarly, data analysis drew insights from AANT's four moments of translation namely problematisation, interessement, enrolment and mobilisation, with the intervention theory providing an evaluative perspective that complemented AANT. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether command and control - preferred by government or self regulation - preferred by industry and labour). In this regard the latter group raised concerns about jobs, income and equipment loss as well as the need to have a holistic approach to waste management rather than targeting a single product at a time whilst the former maintained that this would not be so. As such, education, awareness and stringent antilitter penalties were proposed by industry and labour as sustainable responses to the problem of plastic shopping bags waste rather than regulation. These debates continued and resulted in minor amendments to the original regulations as finalised by Government in May 2002. However, industry and labour continued lobbying government resulting in the conclusion of the Plastic Bags Agreement in September 2002 and the ultimate repulsion of the May 2002 regulations in May 2003. As revealed by this research, these responses led to broader social responses and further tensions as demand for plastic shopping bags went down by about 80% although an estimated 1000 jobs were lost and a number of companies lost equipment and business (with some closing down) following the implementation of the regulations. During implementation, debates emerged around the need to promote locally made carry facilities with two alternatives in sight namely: the Green Bag and the Biodegradable Plastic Bag. Debates also took place regarding enforcement of the new law resulting in the amendments of various pieces of legislation including the Environmental Conservation Act, Environmental Management Act and the Revenue Laws Act. Overall, a 15-year policy reform cycle and sub-cycles was determined. The research also established that the government considered the regulations a success and was already implementing simi lar initiatives to regulate other waste products, among them, used tyres, used oil and glass, confirming the trend towards waste product regulation in South Africa. From these research findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up to clarify the nature of tensions, debates and responses surrounding certain lead actors, actants and actorlactant-networks. Some of the conceptual frameworks that emerged around the actors and actor-networks include Organised Government, Organised Industry and Organised Labour. Conceptual frameworks that emerged around key actants and actant-networks include the Integrated Pollution and Waste Management, Plastic Bags Regulations as well as the discourses surrounding the Green bag and biodegradable plastic bags. The thesis concludes by reflecting on how the above and the grand actor/actant-network conceptual frameworks emerging from this research might be adopted with varying degrees of flexibility to research environmental and waste management policy processes in different waste product regulation set-ups.
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24

Danilina, Vera. "Essays on environmental regulation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0452.

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Cette thèse développe l’analyse d’une politique économique environnementale appliquée dans le cadre d’une économie ouverte et dans celui d’une économie fermée. Elle étudie les effets sur le bien-être et l’environnement des réglementations volontaire et obligatoire tenant compte de l’hétérogénéité des agents économiques et des pays. Elle s’intéresse en particulier aux différents types d’éco-étiquetages en autarcie (Chapitre 1) et après ouverture au commerce international (Chapitre 2); aux programmes d’apport d’information à plusieurs niveaux (Chapitre 3); et aux taxes sur les émissions et marchés publics écologiques (Chapitre 4). L’analyse montre que non seulement le gouvernement mais également les éco-consommateurs peuvent inciter même les producteurs éco-indifférents à se décider pour l’agir respectueux de l’environnement. Les instruments de politique environnementale induisent auto-sélection et polarisation dans les marchés desservis par des entreprises hétérogènes en termes de productivité. Je démontre que des instruments volontaires peuvent avoir des résultats positifs sur le bien-être et l’environnement. En fonction d’hypothèses précises, ils peuvent également être plus efficaces que des approches obligatoires. Le modèle montre également que quand il y a ouverture au commerce international, la politique écologique a un effet supplémentaire sur le bien-être et sur l’environnement, dépendamment du type de politique et des consciences environnementales des différents pays commerciaux
This thesis develops an applied environmental economic policy analysis in closed and open economy frameworks. It investigates welfare and environmental outcomes of voluntary and mandatory regulation allowing for heterogeneity across economic agents and countries. Particularly, it focuses on voluntary eco-labels of different types in autarky (Chapter 1) and upon opening to international trade (Chapter 2); multi-tier information provision programmes (Chapter 3); and emission taxes and green public procurement (Chapter 4). The analysis shows that not only the government but also eco-concerned consumers can incentivise even eco-indifferent producers to act more environmentally-friendly. Environmental policy instruments induce self-selection and polarisation in the markets served by firms heterogeneous in their productivity. I demonstrate that voluntary instruments can lead to positive welfare and environmental outcomes. Under particular assumptions, they also can be more efficient than mandatory approaches. The model also shows that upon opening to international trade eco-policy yields additional welfare and environmental effects conditionally on the type of the policy and the environmental awareness difference across trading countries

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25

Wong, May-tak Glady, and 王美德. "Environmental regulation and crime: the case of pollution in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977820.

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26

Doelker, Andreas. "Self-regulation and co-regulation : prospects and boundaries in an online environment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27918.

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Industry self-regulation and governmental regulation compete for the best model of Internet regulation. This thesis challenges the argument that they have to be antagonistic schemes and evaluates the possibility of cooperation in the form of co-regulation or ‘regulated self-regulation’. It uses a comparative method to analyze the preference for the regulatory models in Europe, the United States and Canada, which draws upon the role of governments in a historical context and the impact of fundamental rights in the respective constitutional frameworks. Before considering the peculiarities of Internet regulation, the thesis identifies and analyzes the advantages and difficulties of both self-regulation and co-regulation. Whereas self-regulation lacks democratic legitimacy, has little incentive to detect violations and to maintain high standards, governments have the ability to compensate for some of these problems. In the Internet context, this analysis reveals the need to deal with regulatory effects of code, transborder conduct, and ways to sanction non-compliance. However, governments with traditional command-and-control legislature have not adapted to these specifics. A system that would suit the Internet environment is composed of certification and accreditation of codes of conduct, and support of self-regulatory institutions. The thesis proposes ten criteria for efficient co-regulation that attend to fundamental values and favor an open, transparent collaboration. It further evaluates the substitution of governmental influence by external self-regulatory bodies, and the integration of Internet users to create a democratic link between regulators and regulated. The ten criteria are applied to some exemplary regimes to demonstrate practical application and ways to improve existing regulation. This shows the potential of models in which the public sector defines the goals and the private sector offers the solutions.

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27

Galloway, Emily E. "Environmental regulation and firm behavior." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53933.

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In three essays, the relationship between environmental regulation and firm behavior is explored. First, firms are found to influence the price in a regulatory market for emissions permits by exercising market power within their own price market. As the degree of market power in three high emitting industries increased, the price of NOx permits in Southern California’s RECLAIM permit increased as well. Second, the process of firm learning is explored. Power plants facing more stringent environmental regulation are found to learn from environmental regulation and experience efficiency gains. These gains are found to spillover to other power plants facing less stringent regulation through knowledge networks. Third, the decision of electricity firms to participate in reserve markets is modeled and simulated in order to measure the effect of increased wind power in the market on this decision. As the amount of wind power in the market increased, the expected capacity available in the market decreased, inviting the possibility of electricity shortages. However, the reduced variability in market outcomes when wind penetration increases suggests that policy makers may be better able to manipulate existing market mechanisms to induce investment in new capacity.

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28

Li, Wanxin. "Informational Environmental Regulation in Practice." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27944.

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Environmental degradation limits the prospects of sustainable economic development and the pursuit of a life of better quality. An informational approach to environmental regulation, a policy innovation implemented after direct regulation and economic incentive mechanism, has exhibited its positive results on pollution reduction. Since 1995, this approach has been exported from the developed world to more than ten developing countries by international policy advisors. China experimented with environmental performance information disclosure (EPID) pilot programs in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province and Hohhot, Inner Mongolia between 1999 and 2000. Mixed results have been found. The disclosure program was sustained in Zhenjiang but was stopped in Hohhot only after the pilot phase. Furthermore, there has been no extensive research on how an informational approach to environmental regulation worked in a developing country context such as China, where private environmental enforcement by civil society and markets are lacking. This comparative case study advances our knowledge of the informational approach to environmental regulation by examining its implementation and impact. The following factors are found to be critical for policy implementation: perceptions of the policy innovation by local leadership and implementers, capacity of local environmental protection agencies, and the contexts in which the policy was carried out. Disclosed environmental information was able to induce better industrial environmental performance and incorporated the environment into development decision making by local government officials. However, environmental performance information disclosure alone was not sufficient to involve the public in environmental protection in China. For administrative, legal, market, and public forces to converge in environmental compliance and enforcement in China, building better institutional infrastructure is in order.
Ph. D.

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29

Chalela, Luciana Ribeiro. "Firms reaction to environmental regulation." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11082.

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International agreements arising from the need to deal with the global warming promoted by countries decided to embrace a climate change policy bring on the debate of the impacts on firms in a global competitive market. Facing, therefore, different environmental standards accordingly to firm’s physical location. Once European Union is taking the lead in adopting stringent environmental regulation, this study aims to assess the impact of environmental regulations on firms in Europe. A novel database was constructed providing firm-level air pollution emission information in the European Union. Using difference-in-difference model, the effect of the intervention of EU environmental policy change suggests a negative response in fixed assets among EU firms due to the 2006 EU policy. The evidence to the hypothesis that firms in European Union have been decreasing its firms fixed assets, as a proxy of production capacity, with the change in environmental regulation, provides general support for the PHH, however, it doesn’t remain in robustness checks. The contribution of this work is bringing a revisited view of the actual effect of environmental regulation based on Kyoto Protocol directives on European firms.

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30

Tu, Qingru. "International Trade and Environmental Regulation." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3727.

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This dissertation is composed of three chapters regarding international trade and environmental regulation. The first chapter focuses on the relationship between port ownership and the port R\&D investment. I investigate whether a larger degree of private involvement in the port sector makes for a higher level of welfare, as well as an improvement in port performance. I establish the stage games to analyze the reciprocal international trade. The theoretical findings indicate that the endowment of population plays an essential role in choosing the optimal port ownership. In the second chapter, I investigate the effect of port pollution regulation on port ownership. I incorporate the regulation tax on emissions from port cargo handling into the international duopoly trade model. The results of the stage games suggest the same ownership of the ports in both countries. I also extend the categories of port structures to include the transfer of port ownership to the other country. The policy implication is to have the small country own both ports, which is opposite to the port governance in reality. In the third chapter, I explore the equilibrium port ownership structures without other policy issues or regulation on the port sector being considered. The influence of country size per se suggests that a small country should privatize its port in the context of a privatized port in the large country. For a large country, it is better to choose a type of ownership different from the small country's. In addition, it is the country whose population is greater than a third of the scale in the other country that should own both ports.

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31

Byrd, Trevor Graydon. "Self-Regulation in a Simultaneous, Multiple-Goal Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33323.

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The present study sought to extend goal-setting research by examining the nature of individualsâ self-regulation with respect to performance goals while pursuing multiple, simultaneous goals. It was proposed that goal revision and effort allocation would be influenced by goal-performance discrepancies (GPD), causal attributions for factors affecting performance, self-efficacy, and rate of progress toward task goals. Results indicated that GPDs predicted goal revision direction and magnitude, and that controllability attributions moderated the GPD â revision relation. GPD size determined prioritization between tasks, as did self-efficacy. Mixed results were found for self-efficacy moderating the relation between GPD size and task prioritization. Rate of progress toward a task goal generally predicted prioritization between tasks and the amount of exerted effort within a single task. Although many results were not in the anticipated form, they still fit with modern theoretical frameworks associated with work motivation. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Master of Science

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32

McMahon, Mark. "Promoting metacognitive regulation through an on-line environment." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/636.

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The constantly evolving world of work is causing a great deal of emphasis on the need for graduating students to demonstrate a range of generic skills to enable them to be both employable and able to adapt easily to new requirements. However, research indicates that secondary schooling is not preparing students adequately for learning independently. This study sought to explore strategies for developing and supporting the metacognitive skills of higher education students. In particular, it sought to explore how university students' cognitive self-regulation could be supported in an on-line environment designed to engage them in the self-monitoring integral to metacognitive development. The field of selfregulation and metacognition was explored through a literature review leading to the articulation of an instructional model for metacognitive development. This model was used as the basis for the design of an on-line environment, Mark-UP, that had students annotate and transform text-based readings to engage them in the monitoring processes that are integral to metacognitive regulation within the domain of reading comprehension. An inquiry was undertaken in the form of design-based research. A product was designed, developed, and trialed. The methodology, a form of action research, involved the exploration of two aims. One aim was narrow and focused on the usability of the product and the value subjects placed on it. The second aim sought to explore how the product engaged learners in monitoring their learning. There were 126 subjects participated in the research. Data was gathered in the forms of a questionnaire about subjects' self-perceptions as self-regulating and their attitudes to Mark-UP, interviews with 12 subjects, and subjects' portfolios of work developed as they used the product. Data was interpreted through a constant comparative approach to develop understandings about how subjects used the product and its value as an environment to promote the planning, monitoring, and evaluation within cognitive selfmonitoring. Findings revealed that Mark-UP was an effective means of engaging subjects in the processes of metacognitive planning, monitoring, and evaluation. However, the experience of using Mark-UP was not the same for all subjects and differences were found in outcomes among the diverse range of subjects. The research provided the basis for the formulation of guidelines forfuture implementations of the product and for further research into metacognitive regulation. Some refinements to the interface of Mark-UP are proposed as well as suggestions for further exploration into the area of metacognitive regulation of learning are made. Specifically Mark-UP was found to be most valuable for learners who are metacognitively moderate rather than those who might be weak or strong. The findings suggested that flexibility is needed to provide an adequate level of scaffolding for weaker learners while allowing metacognitively stronger students the opportunity to practice existing regulatory strategies. It was also found that the cyclical process of planning, monitoring, and evaluation is an ongoing one that requires learning environments to provide regular feedback to stimulate these processes. The study found that the affective components of self-regulation are integral to the development of metacognitive regulation, leading to the conclusion that future environments to develop metacognition should incorporate elements to meet learners' needs with regard to self-concept, motivation, and the development of volitional strategies.

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33

De, Prez Paula. "Drivers of enforcement in the Environment Agency." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/96517.

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34

Samano-Sanchez, Mario. "Essays on Industrial Organization, Energy, and the Environment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242491.

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This dissertation focuses on the welfare implications of different government policies aimed to diminish the consumption of energy produced from fossil fuels in the United States. The first of these policies, taxation on gasoline consumption, diminishes consumption by increasing the cost per mile traveled. However, this policy measure has not been favored by policy-makers, and instead, the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards, CAFEs, were put in place since the seventies. This policy consists of a pre-established threshold of fuel-efficiency, measured in miles per gallon, that car manufacturers selling cars in the United States are subject to each year. For each manufacturer, the CAFE is calculated, which weights the fuel-efficiency of each car model by the number of units sold of that car model. If the CAFE for a given manufacturer lies below the pre-established standard for that year, the manufacturer is subject to a fine. I exploit the manufacturers' past behavior in setting prices for their car models to estimate structural demand and supply parameters that characterize the car industry facing these policies. With those parameters, I can estimate the welfare impacts of tightening the CAFE standard to the new threshold set by the Obama administration and compare those impacts to the ones from raising gasoline taxes to obtain the same gasoline reduction in consumption. The findings are that in the short run, taxation is a less costly policy than tightening the CAFE standard. The second and third essays study the consequences of adopting renewable sources for electricity production. These technologies bring reductions in emissions of pollutants to the atmosphere, but not at no cost. They are expensive and their introduction to already existing electricity systems requires modifications to the usual scheduling of power plants because of the intermittent nature of the renewable sources, such as solar. We compute the equilibrium effects of this policy finding that if the environmental benefits are not taken into account, these policies are welfare decreasing with the amount of renewable sources. Some lower levels of penetration are more cost efficient if we take into account dynamic considerations in the scheduling of the plants.

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35

Byrd, Trevor G. "Prioritizing Effort Allocation in a Multiple-Goal Environment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28237.

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This study replicated and extended existing research concerning task prioritization in multiple-goal scenarios. The theoretical perspectives on which hypotheses were based was a combination of Banduraâ s self-efficacy theory (1986) and rational models of control theory (Klein, 1989; Lord & Levy, 1994). Participants were 216 college students who received extra-credit points for their involvement. They performed six repeated trials on a computerized task consisting of two simultaneous sub-tasks. Participants pursued an assigned long-term goal on each task, and goal achievement was rewarded with additional extra-credit points as an incentive. Task prioritization was assessed with four separate measures of effort allocation, including the time spent on each task, the number of computer mouse-clicks made within each task, scores on a self-report assessment of exerted effort, and responses to a self-report task prioritization assessment. Results indicated that participants prioritized tasks on which they were closer to goal attainment, tasks on which they were more efficacious, tasks on which they were experiencing a faster rate of progress, and tasks on which they reported greater goal commitment. Results also indicated that the effect of goal-performance discrepancies (GPDs) on task prioritization was mediated by self-efficacy. Further the amount of time remaining before a deadline moderated the relationship between GPD and task prioritization, although the form of this relationship was not in the proposed direction. Achievement goals were examined as moderators of the relationship between GPDs and task prioritization, but results were non-significant. Overall, these findings provide additional evidence that expectancies are often central to understanding self-regulation in multiple-goal scenarios, as first asserted by Kernan and Lord (1990). The current study also provides additional evidence concerning the importance of temporal factors in determining resource allocation in multiple-goal scenarios. Results from the current study point toward multiple issues for exploration in future research, such as an integrated model focusing in part on the pivotal role of self-efficacy or other expectancy-related constructs. Results also demonstrate implications for applied work, including clear evidence that employees should be expected to allocate their finite resources toward goals on which they believe success is most likely.
Ph. D.

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36

Kuhuk, I. "State environmental regulation of industry enterprises." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8152.

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37

Dovha, L. "Regulation mechanism of the environmental safety." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40714.

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The main areas of improvement of the economic regulation mechanism of environmental safety is the modernization of existing regulators, carried out simultaneously with the development and implementation in practice of new market instruments. International experience shows that environmental management system depends on the efficiency of economic mechanism of nature, which is based on a balanced combination of regulators and enforcement of restrictive controls stimulating and compensatory [1].

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38

Benoit, Melissa C. "Environmental Consulting: Turning Regulation Into Reality." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1367271400.

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39

Biswas, Amit K., and Marcel Thum. "Corruption, environmental regulation and market entry." Cambridge University Press, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70661.

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The authors develop a simple analytical framework to study the welfaremaximizing environmental standards when market entry is endogenous and firms can circumvent regulation by bribing corrupt officials. Corruption changes the tradeoff in environmental policy. Corruption leads more polluting firms to enter into the market, which requires tighter environmental regulation. However, corruption also makes trading in some environmental protection for a marginally higher market entry optimal for the government.

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40

Díaz, Paz Claudia Patricia. "The Influence of Regulations and Managers’ Environmental Attitudes on Firms’ Environmental Management." Doctoral thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17636.

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This study contributes to the literature related to firms’ practices as responses to institutional pressures. Specifically, the research evaluates the influence of regulations on firms’ environmental management and incorporates managers’ environmental attitudes as a partial mediator. The population was Peruvian large and medium manufacturing firms. A two-step covariance-based structural equation model tested the propounded hypothesis. The results support the direct, positive, and moderate influence of regulations on firms’ environmental management. The influence of regulations on managers’ environmental attitudes is direct, positive, and low. Managers’ environmental attitudes are not related to firms’ environmental management, and there is no partial mediation of environmental attitudes, either.
El presente estudio contribuye a la literatura sobre las prácticas empresariales como respuesta a las presiones institucionales. Específicamente, esta investigación evalúa la influencia de las regulaciones en la gestión medioambiental de las empresas, e incorpora las actitudes medioambientales de los gerentes y ejecutivos como un mediador parcial. La población estuvo constituida por grandes y medianas empresas peruanas manufactureras. La metodología de ecuaciones estructurales de dos pasos basada en el análisis de las covarianzas fue utilizada para evaluar las hipótesis propuestas. Los resultados evidencian la influencia directa, positiva y moderada de las regulaciones en la gestión medioambiental de las empresas. La influencia de las regulaciones en las actitudes de los gerentes y ejecutivos es directa, positiva y pequeña. Las actitudes medioambientales de los gerentes y ejecutivos no están relacionadas con la gestión medioambiental de las empresas, y la mediación parcial de las actitudes medioambientales no fue sostenida.
Tesis

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41

Rohlf, Alexander [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Exploring transition processes in Germany with environmental data : Empirical essays on international trade and the environment, regulation by information and spatial environmental data / Alexander Rohlf ; Betreuer: Ulrich Wagner." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212796160/34.

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42

manderson, Edward. "Essays on the economic impact of environmental regulations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537631.

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43

Yang, Yuting. "Economic Studies on Energy Transition and Environmental Regulations." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10010.

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Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
This thesis investigates several topics regarding energy transition and environmental regulations, and each of the three chapters is a self-contained paper. It aims to contribute to the design of environmental regulations and to provide suggestions topolicy makers. The first chapter studies the optimal public safety provision under imperfect taxation. An important objective of many publicly-financed environmental projects is to reduce mortality. In this paper, we examine theoretically the effect of tax system imperfections on the optimal public investment in mortality risk reduction (or public safety).We compare three tax systems, namely first-best, uniform tax and income tax. Moreover, we consider several sources of imperfection, namely individuals’ heterogeneity in wealth and in risk exposure, and labor supply distortion. We show that the effect of imperfect taxation critically depends on the source of imperfection as well as on the individual utility and survival probability functions. We conclude that imperfect taxation cannot generically justify less public safety. There is thus no fundamental reason to always adjust downwards the value of statistical life (VSL) because of imperfect taxation, nor to assume a marginal cost of public funds systematically greater than one for the benefit-cost analysis of environmental projects. The second chapter examines the environmental impact of electricity trade. Electricity interconnection has been recognized as a way to mitigate carbon emissions by dispatching more efficient electricity production and accommodating the growing share of renewables. We analyze the impact of electricity interconnection in the presence of intermittent renewables, such as wind and solar power, on renewable capacity and carbon emissions using a two-country model. We find that in the first-best, interconnection decreases investments in renewable capacity and exacerbates carbon emissions if the social cost of carbon (SCC) is low. Conversely, interconnection increases renewable capacity and reduces carbon emissions for a high SCC. Moreover, the intermittency of renewables generates an insurance gain from interconnection, which also implies that some renewable capacity is optimally curtailed in some states of nature when the SCC is high. The curtailment rate and the corresponding carbon emissions increase for more positively correlated intermittency. We calibrate the model using data from the European Union electricity market and simulate the outcome of expanding interconnection between Germany-Poland and France-Spain. We find that given the current level of SCC, the interconnection may increase carbon emissions. The net benefit of interconnection is positive, with uneven distribution across countries. The third chapter extends on the second chapter, to investigate the optimal unilateral carbon policy design for electricity trade with intermittent renewable energy. We consider policy instruments including a carbon tax, border adjustment tax, and renewable subsidies. In turn, we analyze the effect of such policies on market equilibrium prices, renewable investment, and global emissions. Using a two-country model of electricity trade, we characterize the conditions under which different combinations of policy instruments implement the optimal energy mix. We find that with a unilateral carbon tax, the border adjustment tax turns out to be effective only when renewables are producing. Moreover, renewables must be subsidized to be exported, in which case carbon emissions should be taxed more than the Pigouvian level to avoid excessive consumption

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44

Smith, Erin N. "Gene-environment interaction in yeast gene expression /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5025.

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45

Holmes, William B. "Exploring Environmental Service Auctions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/63.

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The chapters of this dissertation explore related aspects of the procurement of conservation services from private landowners. In the first chapter, heuristic laboratory experiments reveal the impact of potential government regulation on strategic forces and efficiency properties in conservation procurement auctions. In the second chapter, data from past procurement auctions are analyzed to discover the existence and magnitude of premiums received by auction participants. The first Chapter, “Procurement Auctions Under Regulatory Threat,” examines how strategic forces and efficiency properties are impacted in auctions for the procurement of environmental services when a threat of regulation is levied. Laboratory experiments examining different regulatory environments demonstrate that a threat of regulation will reduce the amount of public funds necessary to purchase a given level of environmental services. However, adverse selection costs and equity are negatively impacted by threat implementation. The second Chapter, “Estimating Bid Inflation in Procurement of Environmental Services,” studies the size of premiums received by program participants in conservation programs. Predictions informed by economic literature and theory elicit the underlying value distribution for a unique dataset of procurement auctions. Average premiums for auction participants range from almost 50 percent to less than 1 percent across auction periods and institutions. The results demonstrate that both repetition and rule variation may improve the efficiency of procurement auctions. The auctions studied here are shown to yield efficiency improvements of more than 32 percent over standard fixed-payment schemes for service procurement.

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46

Ben, Kheder Sonia. "Environmental regulation, foreign direct investment and pollution." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608641.

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À partir des années quatre-vingt-dix, une relation étroite est établie entre les politiques nationales environnementales et les politiques commerciales, et débouche rapidement sur un débat international portant sur le commerce et l'environnement. Un des aspects fondamentaux de ce débat est lié à l'impact des différences de rigueur environnementale entre les pays sur la compétitivité et la localisation des firmes. Cet aspect a déjà été amplement étudié et porte le nom d'Hypothèse de Pollution Haven, mais n'a pas encore été explicitement démontré. Un second aspect, moins examiné dans la littérature, est celui de l'effet de ces différences réglementaires sur les niveaux de pollution. Dans cette thèse, qui s'articule autour de quatre chapitres, ces deux aspects sont étudiés. Le premier chapitre dresse une image précise des politiques environnementales à travers le monde, leur hétérogénéité constituant le fondement de l'hypothèse de pollution haven. Le deuxième chapitre propose une modélisation théorique mettant en évidence l'impact de la régulation environnementale sur le choix de localisation des firmes. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur l'estimation empirique du modèle théorique développé, et fait ressortir un effet significatif des politiques environnementales sur les décisions de localisation des firmes françaises. Le dernier chapitre présente une évaluation empirique de l'impact des différents mécanismes en jeu sur les émissions de pollution. Il apparaît alors qu'une augmentation des investissements directs à l'étranger s'accompagne dans les pays hôtes d'une augmentation des émissions polluantes et d'une diminution de l'intensité polluante.

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47

Bruneau, Joel Francis. "Essays in environmental regulation and international trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.

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48

Sjöberg, Eric. "Essays on Environmental Regulation, Management and Conflict." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91995.

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This thesis consists of three different papers summarized as follows. In The political economy of environmental regulation, I study how enforcement of national environmental legislation differ across municipalities in Sweden depending on the local political situation. While the legislation is national, enforcement is decentralized. I find that municipalities where the Green Party joins the ruling political coalition issue more environmental fines than other municipalities. In pricing on the fish market I use Swedish data to study how size affects the price per kilo of fish for several species. In traditional fishery biomass models, fish stocks are treated as homogenous. New theoretical heterogeneous fishery models, where size is allowed to differ in a fish stock, have important implications for regulation, for example that it is optimal to regulate on numbers of fish instead of weight. However, prices in these models are assumed to be constant. My estimates can be used to shed some light on how prices change when the size composition of the catch changes. In my third and final chapter, Settlement under the threat of conflict - The cost of asymmetric information, I present a theoretical model where two players can divide a good peacefully or engage in a contest in order to obtain the entire good. I assume that one player's valuation of the good is private information and show how this affects the expected cost of the contest and thus the probability of peaceful settlement.

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49

Zamorano-Ford, Jorge. "Essays on environmental regulation under imperfect competition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E057.

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Cette thèse couvre deux sujets : le dessin des permis à polluer et la gestion des déchets. Le premier chapitre analyse la mise en œuvre des permis à polluer. Le chapitre se concentre sur les impacts de la distribution liés à la sévérité de l’allocation gratuite basée sur la production courante quand deux secteurs sont couverts par le marché des permis et le plafond reste constant. Un nouveau type d’augmentation des profits dans les secteurs qui ne sont pas exposés à la concurrence internationale a été démontré théoriquement. Le deuxième chapitre traite la question de la différenciation de l’allocation des permis dans les différentes régions, liée à la possibilité des entreprises à délocaliser. Les conditions dans lesquelles le bien-être décroît avec la délocalisation sont déterminées. Dans ce cas, des distributions gratuites de permis peuvent être utilisées pour éviter la délocalisation des entreprises. Le troisième chapitre compare l’efficacité des programmes de la responsabilité élargie du producteur (REP) avec l’efficacité d’une ex-ante taxe. La taxe permet plus de flexibilité ex-ante quant aux conditions du marché, mais la REP permet plus d’adaptation ex-post aux réalisations des coûts. Ainsi, l’efficacité relative de la REP augmente avec l’incertitude des coûts et la compétitivité du marché
This thesis covers two subjects. One is the design of pollution permits and the other is the waste management. The first chapter analyses the implementation of pollution permits. It focuses on the distributional impacts linked with the stringency of output-based allocation,when two sectors are covered by the market for permits and the total cap is held constant. Theoretically demonstrated is a new type of profit increase in sectors that are not exposed to international competition. The second chapter addresses the issue of differentiating permit allocation across areas, this being linked to the possibility of firms to relocate. The conditions under which welfare decreases with relocation are determined. In such a case, free allowances may be used to prevent firms from relocating. The third chapter compares the efficiency of extended producer responsibility (EPR) programs and the efficiency of an ex-ante tax. The tax allows more ex-ante flexibility regarding market conditions, but the EPR allows more ex-post adaption to cost realizations. As a result, the relative efficiency of the EPR increases with uncertainty of the costs and competitiveness of the market

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50

Beck, Ryan. "Effects of Environmental Regulation on Innovation Decisions." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1346.

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Thesis advisor: Hideo Konishi
This paper will review prior research to support the notion that innovation does in fact lead to a competitive advantage for business, and that this competitive advantage is translated into increased profitability and productivity. Though the body of work reviewed here will by no means unequivocally prove that this relationship always holds true in real-world markets, it will provide a convincing argument that fostering innovation will likely have positive economic affects. Building off this assumption, this paper will then focus specifically on examining the relationship between environmental regulation and innovation in more detail. This paper looks to answer the question: Under what conditions will environmental regulation cause firms to begin choosing to innovate technologically rather than simply to meet regulation with compliance? Using a simple model of price competition between two firms it will be shown that environmental regulation can effectively induce innovation through spending on R&D projects to develop more efficient technology
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: Economics

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