Готові списки джерел за темами / Enviornmental Studies

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Enviornmental Studies"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 19 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Enviornmental Studies"

Mahdinezhad, Jamaloddin, Bahram Saleh Sedghpour, and Rana Najjari Nabi. "An Evaluation of the Influence of Environmental, Social and Cultural factors on the Socialization of Traditional Urban Spaces (Case Study: Iranian Markets)." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, no. 2 (September 2020): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320946004.

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The ‘bazaar’, or the marketplace has been one of the most influential bases of the city in terms of social, political and economic development, and is considered as an active public space for initiating fundamental changes in society. Across Islamic cultures and civilizations, as well as their historical precedents, the marketplace has occupied a broad and complex social meaning, especially in Iran. In this research, the marketplace is considered from a socio-commercial point of view. In order to improve the efficiency of public spaces, it is necessary to identify their effective parameters of socialization, and utilize them towards the future design or improvement of built environments. While the socio-cultural influence of a bazaar determines the development of human relationships around it, its environmental components are also effective in responding to ‘physical needs’ of a populace, that is, the provision of necessities such as food and clothing as well as repair services. The relationship between environmental, social and cultural elements is found to be the most influential factor in increasing the sociality of the public space. In order to analyze bazaar socialization, the research methodology employed in this article comprises a descriptive survey that uses Delphi and Q methodology. According to the results, six key factors were identified: activity-behavioural-movement (ABM) components, physical-functional qualities, enviornmental impacts, physical components (PCs), cultural values (CVs), social cohesion and integration, diversity and spatial attraction. Crucially, the study also finds that the socialization of space is formed through the interaction between human experiences in place and the prevailing cultural forms within it, that is, the regional customs, traditions and overall ‘way of life’ of the native populace. Therefore, the cultural features of urban spaces are another important factor in their development. Studying these factors opens the possibility for facilitating greater levels of interaction and participation in public spaces in a manner that also accommodates different groups of people and their varying subcultures.

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Chowdhury, Mohammad Shoaib, Md Masudur Rahman Khan, Md Zahidur Rahman, Madhusudan Saha, Guru Prashad Dhakal, Projesh Kumar Roy, and A. S. M. A. Raihan. "Clinical presentation of ulcerative colitis among Bangladeshi population twenty years experience from a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 6, no. 1 (August 4, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v6i1.29016.

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Background: The prevalence of Ulcerative colitis has been increasingly reported from Western countries as well as other Asian countries. Our personal experience shows that Ulcerative colitis is not uncommon in our country and is being diagnosed more commonly. So, there is need to study the disease pattern in our country. Objective: To find out the clinical presentation, among Bangladeshi population. Methods: A hospital (Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University) based study registering previously diagnosed and newly diagnosed cases of Ulcerative colitis, was carried out from January 1990 to June 2010. Data that were obtained are: age and sex of the patients, clinical presentations like bloody diarrhoea, per rectal bleeding, diarrhoea without per rectal bleeding, urgency, tenesmus, abdominal pain, fever, anorexia, weakness, weight loss. Data regarding physical findings and extra intestinal manifestations were also recorded. Results: Out of 164 patients 65.24% (107) were male and 34.76% (57) were female. The male- female ratio was 1.88 : 1. Mean age of male patients was 36.14(±11.66) years and mean age for female patients was 33.15(±11.12) years. Maximum number of male patients were in 21-40 years age group (65.42%, 70). Maximum number of female patients were in 21-30 years age group (42.10%, 24). Maximum number of both male and female patients were in 21-30 years age group (35.97%, 59). Clinical features of 164 patients showed that 87.28% (143) had bloody diarrhoea, 20.12% (33) had per-rectal bleeding, 4.26% (7) had diarrhoea without per rectal bleeding, 1.21% (2) had urgency, 5.48% (9) had tenesmus, 33.53% (55) had abdominal pain, 17.66% (29) had fever, 18.29% (30) had anorexia, weakness and 17.68% (29) had weight loss at their initial presentation. Physical examination of 164 patients revealed that 81(49.39%) patients had normal findings, 7 (4.27%) patients had oedema and 83 (50.61%) patients had anaemia. Extra intestinal features were absent in 143 (87.20%) patients out of 164 patients. The rest 21 (12.80%) patients had joint involvement and 2 ( 1.21 % ) patients had ocular involvement. There was no patient with skin involvement. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of Ulcerative colitis in our country is mostly similar compared to other Asian' and Western countries except higher male-female ratio, presence of oedema and wide variability of extra intestinal involvement. These differences are probably due to social and cultural reasons, poor nutritional status, incomplete workup or records and influence of various enviornmental factors. To validate these results further prospective studies are needed.

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Stanney, Kay M., and Phillip Hash. "Locus of User-Initiated Control in Virtual Environments: Influences on Cybersickness." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7, no. 5 (October 1998): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474698565848.

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Cybersickness is a pervasive and deleterious effect of human-virtual environment interaction. This paper applies motion-sickness adaptation theory to cybersickness in virtual environments to determine if the degree of user-initiated control can suppress sickness. It is suggested that if users are allowed some level of control over their movement within a virtual environment, cybersickness will not be as severe as that resulting from an enviornment in which users must follow a predetermined (i.e., scripted) path of movement. While past motion-sickness studies have examined control versus no control, the present study focuses on modifying the level of user-initiated control such that it matches the needs of the task characteristics while minimizing sickness. The degree of user sickness was tested under passive, active, and active-passive control scenarios. As measured by the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, the active (i.e., complete control) condition reduced the severity of the symptoms experienced as compared to the passive (i.e., no control) condition, but did not do so as completely as the active-passive (i.e., coupled control) condition. The implication is that the level of user-initiated control can be manipulated to modify the deleterious effects of human-virtual environment interaction.

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Ishida, Makoto. "History of Mitigating Rolling Contact Fatigue and Corrugation of Railway Rails in Japan - Review." EPI International Journal of Engineering 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082018.02.

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Rail is the one of the most important materials to support and guide railway vehicles safely and smoothly. Since rail suffers from variousinteracting forces and environmental atmosphere, wear and fatigue pose large problems with wheel and rail. Hence, wear and fatigue ofwheel and rail have been studied so far to keep running safety and some level of riding comfort of vehicle taking into account trackmaintenance cost in the world. In this review, the history of theory and practice of rail maintenance in Japanese railways is describedfocusing on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) corrugation of rails caused by dynamic rolling friction at wheel/rail interface. In particular, “squat”mainly callled in UK or “rail surface shelling” called in Japan which is one of typical fatigue phenomenon for steel wheel-on-rail system andrail corrugations caused by dynamic lateral friction and vertical loading at sharp curves and/or long wavelength of rail corrugation causedby longitudinal roll-slip or stick-slip excited by the resonance of unsprung mass of bogie vertical vibration supported by track stiffness. Inaddition, the practice of countermeasure for RCF defect of squat, preventive grinding, and countermeasure for top of low rail corrugation,top of low rail lubrication “Friction Moderating System” are described. Also, the possibility of preventing long wavelength of rail corrugationformed in tangential track in undersea tunnel (salty water) enviornment is described.

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Kim, Young Beom, Taek-Young Youn, and Seog Chung Seo. "Chaining Optimization Methodology: A New SHA-3 Implementation on Low-End Microcontrollers." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084324.

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Since the Keccak algorithm was selected by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the standard SHA-3 hash algorithm for replacing the currently used SHA-2 algorithm in 2015, various optimization methods have been studied in parallel and hardware environments. However, in a software environment, the SHA-3 algorithm is much slower than the existing SHA-2 family; therefore, the use of the SHA-3 algorithm is low in a limited environment using embedded devices such as a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) enviornment. In this article, we propose a software optimization method that can be used generally to break through the speed limit of SHA-3. We combine the θ, π, and ρ processes into one, reducing memory access to the internal state more efficiently than conventional software methods. In addition, we present a new SHA-3 implementation for the proposed method in the most constrained environment, the 8-bit AVR microcontroller. This new implementation method, which we call the chaining optimization methodology, implicitly performs the π process of the f-function while minimizing memory access to the internal state of SHA-3. Through this, it achieves up to 26.1% performance improvement compared to the previous implementation in an AVR microcontroller and reduces the performance gap with the SHA-2 family to the maximum. Finally, we apply our SHA-3 implementation in Hash_Deterministic Random Bit Generator (Hash_DRBG), one of the upper algorithms of a hash function, to prove the applicability of our chaining optimization methodology on 8-bit AVR MCUs.

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Дисертації з теми "Enviornmental Studies"

Suk, Sunhee. "CARBON PRICING IN KOREA: EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON THE BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230988.

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Russell, Rowland S. "The Ecology of Paradox: Disturbance and Restoration in Land and Soul." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1204556861.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University New England, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed November 11, 2009). "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England (2008)."--from the title page. Advisor: Mitchell Thomashow. Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-296).

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Aijaz, Humayun, and Faisal Suhail Butt. "BARRIERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE : A STUDY OF PAKISTANI ENVIORNMENT." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9364.

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E-commerce has flourished in the developed world and is playing an important role in the everyday lives of the people and national economies. The developing nations are far behind in this regard even though their governments have made considerable efforts to encourage e-commerce. This thesis is a study of the environmental factors that act as barriers to the development of e-commerce in Pakistan. It shows the nature and the level of hindrance these environmental factors have caused and there relation to one another. In order to make a national analysis, environmental factors have been stretched to include the government, businesses, consumers, physical infrastructures, social and cultural factors. A qualitative study was conducted via telephonic and written interviews from academic and professional experts, users and non users of e-commerce in Pakistan. The analysis of these interviews revealed that not all of the factors considered as e-commerce barriers for developing nations were present in Pakistan. The relation between different e-commerce barriers was studied and further, additional barriers were also identified. Low literacy rate, traditional economic sector, failure of government to successfully implement e-commerce initiatives and regulations, shortage of electrical supply and low demand for online businesses and the consumer purchasing behaviour of Pakistanis were identified as the main e-commerce barriers.

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Andersson, Monica. "Läslust : En studie om pedagogers uppfattningar gällande att väcka läslust hos barn i förskoleklass." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21261.

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Children's language development is highly connected to the success of every school. Especially when it comes to the children learning reading and writing skills, regardless of what method the schools use in order to achieve this. An early intervention can facilitate the learning of reading comprehension. Reading aloud and playing with the language learning is the greatest gift we can give our children and students. Children learn how to use a book by turning the pages and see how the words and texts are structured. Together you create a moment of closeness and discover how you can share your thoughts and experiences using pictures and words in the book. The purpose of this study is to gain insight and understanding into how teachers motivates and leads the children towards the discovering their own joy of reading. These also include those children that would rather play than sitting still listening to children's literature. The survey is a series of interviews with six class teachers from pre-schools in a suburb south of Stockholm. The result shows that teachers believe that reading aloud and having follow up book talks are an important part of capturing children’s interest for reading, especially children who do not have their own motivation to be involved in learning to enjoy books. Reading aloud using intonation and different voices stimulates children's curiosity, and in turn this results in children themselves getting involved in the narration.

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Gailan, Mohammed. "National Security Concerns And The Kurdistan Region In A New Middle East: From Rebellion To Statehood : The Influences Of Power, Threat Enviornment And Opportunity Structures On The Choice Of Becoming An Independent State." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, Institutionen för säkerhet, strategi och ledarskap (ISSL), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7009.

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Under which conditions do some nations and de facto state actors with relative power assert their statehood and independence? What factors should we focus on when we assess such cases? How much can we relate a nation’s choice and path to statehood and independence to its national security concerns? The aim of this case study has been to answer the questions asked above and explain why nations during some periods do not choose to declare independence and form their own state and during other periods they aim to do so. The case of the Kurdistan region of Iraq has been selected and studied both due the drastic regional changes in the Middle East since Saddam Hussein’s fall and the rise Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. During 2003-2005, the US invaded Iraq, toppled Saddam Hussein and destroyed the Iraqi army. Unlike the expectations that the Kurds would declare independence, they did not do so. However, 14 years after the fall of Saddam Hussein and establishment of the new Iraq, the Kurds aim to declare independence and form their own state. Hence, the puzzle is why not then and 14 years later? Inspired by realism, nationalist movement theory and rational strategic actor, three interrelated hypotheses have been tested and verified, which lay ground for a theoretical and explanatory model for this and similar cases within the fields of security studies and international relations. Process tracing has been used as an additional analytical tool in order to detect critical junctures and the chain of events that have produced the two different outcomes. The empirical material is mainly based on a fieldwork conducted in the Kurdistan region followed up by 12 individual qualitative interviews with a number of highly ranked Kurdish political and military officials including the President of the Kurdistan region, the Foreign Minister of the Kurdistan region, a senior Foreign and Security Advisor, three Peshmerga Generals and six members of both Kurdistan and Iraqi Parliaments. Building on the previous research, the findings of this study suggest that the choice and decision for becoming an independent and sovereign de jure state is closely related to a nation’s national security concerns and it is the same factors that causes a nation to declare/not declare independence during different periods of time. They are: (1) changes in power relations and access to a certain degree of indirect/direct external support and cooperation, (2) the existence/non-existence of national security threats and threat environments and (3) the rise of opportunity structures, strategic thinking and the ability to mobilize resources.

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Книги з теми "Enviornmental Studies"

Project Appraisal and Valuation of the Enviornment: General Principles and Six Case-Studies in Developing Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Enviornmental Studies"

Mao, Xu, Chang Liu, Juan Heredia-Juesas, and Jose Angel Martinez-Lorenzo. "Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Compressive Imaging With Metamaterial Coding." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24607.

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Abstract The microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) sensing has been proven to promise a great potential in clinical and biomedical applications. This novel technology has also been explored to boost its use in subsurface geophysical applications. A conventional TA sensing system, however, is greatly limited by either a slow scan or a dramatical cost, and making infeasible the real-time monitoring when covering large domains. One remarkable solution of such issues is to design a compressive sensing (CS)-based TA system, with the aim of reducing the sampling intensity necessary to high resolution imaging. Specifically, to favor the demand for CS, this work studies the appropriateness of metamaterial (MM) resonators and proposes a MM linear array-coded TA system to randomize the transmitted acoustics waves. To prove the efficacy, images obtained from both of the proposed TA system and the conventional TA system without coding are assessed and compared. Under the same scenario, the MM-coded TA system shows higher imaging capabilities and a better performance when using a much-limited amount of measurements or in noisy enviornments. This method opens the door for a fast scan of the geological imaging and the real-time monitoring of the underground flow.

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