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Wu, Dongxia. "Experimental and numerical study on passive building envelope integrated by PCM and bio-based concrete." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0104.
With the development of society, the demand for energy saving and carbon emission reduction in buildings as well as the indoor thermal and humidity environment comfort is gradually increasing. Using Phase change materials (PCMs) or bio-based hygroscopic materials as building envelopes are promising solutions. PCMs can improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption, while bio-based hygroscopic materials are environment-friendly materials that enable indoor humidity regulation and thermal insulation. However, only a few studies have explored the integrated application of the two types of materials and comprehensively analyzed the energy and hygrothermal performance. This dissertation proposed a passive envelope solution that integrates PCM and bio-based hemp concrete (HC) to simultaneously improve the energy, thermal, and hygric performances of buildings. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the feasibility of the integrated envelopes, to comprehensively study the hygrothermal and energy performance as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different configurations with PCM placed in different locations of the HC, and to conduct the parametric analysis and evaluate the application risks of the integrated envelope.First, experiments were conducted by comparing the hygrothermal performance of a reference envelope (HC only) and three integrated envelopes with PCM placed in different locations under two typical boundary conditions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated envelopes. The presence of PCM increased the thermal and hygric inertia of the envelope. As a result, the time delay was increased and the temperature/relative humidity amplitude was decreased. Different configurations had different advantages and disadvantages. The configurations with PCM placed in the middle of the HC was worth noting as it had small temperature/relative humidity fluctuation, long temperature time delay, and large energy savings.Then, the mathematical model of the integrated envelope that couples heat and moisture transfer and considers the temperature dependence of HC’s hygroscopic characteristic was developed. The accuracy of the model was validated by comparison with the experimental data. Based on the validated model, the simulations were performed in a Mediterranean climate to comprehensively investigate the hygrothermal and energy performance of the integrated envelope. The results highlighted the indispensable role moisture transfer plays in determining the indoor hygric environment and heat load, as well as the valuable effect of the integrated envelope on improving both energy and hygrothermal performance. Besides, the integrated envelope with PCM close to (but not in contact with) the interior showed great potential for saving energy and adapting to climate humidity variation while guaranteeing moisture equilibrium within the HC.Finally, the parametric analysis was performed from the perspective of PCM properties (thickness, latent heat, and phase transition range), and the application (condensation and mold growth) risk was evaluated. The results of the parametric analysis illustrated that the performance of the integrated envelope could be improved by increasing the thickness and latent heat and identifying the appropriate phase transition range of the PCM. The risk evaluation results confirmed that the integrated envelope was free from the risk of condensation and mold growth
Barles, Pierre. "Comportement dynamique d'une boucle de chauffage à eau en interaction avec une enveloppe de bâtiment." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4427.
Costantine, Georges. "EOPEBEC - Etude et optimisation des performances énergétiques d’une enveloppe en béton de chanvre pour le bâtiment." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS015/document.
In a context of global warming and planned end of fossil fuels, the construction industry aims to reduce by 38% its energy consumption and to achieve 10% of bio-based materials used in construction in 2020. Thus, the hemp concrete can play a major role thanks to its positive environmental impact and its hygrothermal properties that allow it to ensure a role of heat damper and comfort stabilizer. Or hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete throughout the building is little discussed in the literature and never for commercial buildings. The main objective of this project is to fill this gap by studying and optimizing the energy performance of a hemp concrete building designed for offices and / or classrooms. To ensure inside thermal comfort, different technical solutions will be coupled to the building and compared with each other: - A double flow thermodynamical ventilation combining a heat pump with a double flow central. - A simple flow ventilation associated to a pipe system which recovers heat from the basement to preheat ventilation air in winter and cool in the summer. - A double flow ventilation associated to a Canadian well. Through computer simulation and measurements made initially at the level of components, it will be possible to evaluate the potential of each component on the energy and hygrothermal comfort of commercial buildings mainly integrating the project boundary Grand Campus Reims but also can be extended to other French specificity climates
Bahrar, Myriam. "Contribution au développement et à l’analyse d’une enveloppe de bâtiment multifonctionnelle dans le cadre de l’optimisation du confort dans l’habitat." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEE001/document.
The building sector has a great potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Improvements to the building envelope and Innovations in building materials have the potential to achieve sustainability within the built environment. This PhD thesis focuses on the development of multifunctional façade elements in order to optimize the building energy consumption while maintaining an optimal indoor human thermal comfort. The proposed solution consist of using passive storage by means of phase change materials associated with alternative construction materials such as textile reinforced concrete (TRC). The aim of the study is to characterize mechanical and thermal properties of TRC composites and to evaluate the effect of PCMs on indoor thermal comfort. To meet these objectives, experimental devices have been set up for the characterization (at the component scale and in situ) of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of different TRC panels. In parallel, we have developed a numerical model for the prediction of wall temperature profiles. Finally, a multi-objective optimization of the façade elements is carried out using genetic algorithms to determine the better combinations able to combine the energy performance with the mechanical performance
Belleudy, Clément. "Modélisation des transferts d’air et leur impact sur le comportement hygrothermique de l'enveloppe des bâtiments." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREA0002/document.
Within the context of more stringent buildings codes, mastering airtightness is of importance to achieve energy efficient buildings. Unintended air leakage through the building envelope, which is due to bad design and poor workmanship, not only increases energy consumption, but also leads to moisture disorders, affecting building durability and occupants health. This moisture risk is present in particular for lightweight structures such as timber frame buildings, which are sensitive to air leakage.It is therefore necessary to better understand and to assess the impact of unintented air transfers on the hygrothermal field and the heat flux in the vicinity of an airtightness defect. To this end, two numerical models are developped, dealing with Heat-Air (HA) and Heat-Air-Moisture (HAM) transfer respectively. The HAM model is firstly validated in 1D using numerical benchmarks from literature. Then, temperature measurements in a cellulose insulation layer subjected to moist air flow are compared with the models outputs, and good agreement is obtained. The HAM model provides a better prediction of the temperature field compared to the HA model.Following this 2D experimental validation of the HAM model, it is applied to a complex defect geometry, including porous insulation materials and thin air gaps. This defect is meant to be realistic, as it is drawn from a measurement campaign aiming to identify typical envelope leakage points encountered in timber frame buildings.Long term simulations are performed under transient temperature and humidity conditions, in case of air exfiltration and air infiltration. This study helps identifying tendencies towards moisture risk: infiltrating air flow dries the assembly whereas exfiltrating air flow humidifies it. A methodology to assess heat fluxes through the defect is presented.Finally, a simplified approach is derived from the detailed HAM-model, to take into account the contribution of airtightness defects on the total heat loss on the building scale. It is shown that the additional heat loss induced by an airtightness defect may be described by a specific heat loss coefficient. In addition, the coupling between air flow and envelope has a significant impact on total heat flux calculations. The influence of moisture transfers on observed tendencies is also discussed
Bélanger, Jean. "Caractérisation des transferts hygrothermiques dans une enveloppe de bâtiment en bois par la résolution d'un problème inverse par l'optimisation des propriétés physiques des matériaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69706.
Ratovonkery, Julie. "DYNABIOSOL : Conception bio-inspirée d'une enveloppe solaire Photovoltaïque dynamique aux fonctionnalités évolutives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CHAMA027.
Climate change, growing energy demand and depletion of fuel resources have led to increasingly high energy and environmental ambitions. These ambitions aim for resilient, sustainable, zero carbon and positive energy buildings in the building sector. Radical innovation in building envelope technologies is paramount as it is a key element in building energy efficiency. Indeed, the envelope is often designed on the basis of static functionalities rather than an adaptive and multifunctional interface. However, in the latter case, it would interact with and benefit from the effects of its external environment to ensure a comfortable indoor environment and the production of the building operating energy.In this context, this thesis consists in the design of an adaptive facade with integrated photovoltaic (PV) components. The adaptive functionalities are developed to improve both the thermal performance of the facade and the electrical production of the PV modules. Designing such an envelope element often requires complex mechanical and control systems to implement dynamic and adaptive functionalities. For this reason, we have chosen to adopt a bioinspiration approach and use smart materials to achieve flexible and low-tech adaptation mechanisms.The methodology involves the analysis of the thermal and electrical behaviour of a standard photovoltaic facade. In our case, it comprises bifacial PV modules, a ventilated air gap and a multilayer wall. The principle is to identify the properties limiting that facade to static functionalities. From this step, biological mechanisms related to the identified properties, and that can overcome the limitations are explored. Afterwards, smart materials enabling to implement the bioinspired strategies are selected. Finally, the outline of the new concept is developed with the principles involved. The solution is validated through experimental studies on the samples of the selected materials and on a reduced-scale prototype of the facade. Numerical feasibility studies and energy performance analysis at the building scale are also carried out.The developed solution consists in the application of thermosensitive and reflective bilayer components on the wall behind the PV modules. Those components are thin rectangular slats applied opposite to the PV cells. When the temperature rises, they gradually bend. Their cyclic deformation allows the adjustment of the facade functionalities according to three principles. First, in summer, the PV facade is cooled by shading the wall and dissipating heat through the increased thermal surface exchange in the air gap. Second, in winter, solar thermal energy is harvested by closing the air gap or recovering preheated air. Finally, the bilayers enhance the PV power output because of their high reflection of the irradiance to the backside of the bifacial PV modules. The experimental and numerical studies have validated the potential of the design to improve building energy efficiency, especially for increasing yearly electricity production and thermal performance in summer
Janvier, Damien. "Contribution à la modélisation simplifiée de l'enveloppe du bâtiment et des ambiances thermo-aérauliques." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMS003.
Merabtine, Abdelatif. "Modélisation Bond Graphs en vue de l'Efficacité Énergétique du Bâtiment." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0121/document.
Our works focus on the setting of reliable tools able to analyze the interaction between the building envelope and HVAC systems. The developed approach is based on Bond Graphs methodology, a graphical modeling language which is particularly suitable for energy exchanges. A numerical model gathering, under the same simulation environment, sub-models representing the building envelope, the solar gains, the floor heating, the chilled ceiling and the ventilation system, is developed in order to predict the energy interactions between these sub-systems. The multi-zone building model is developed in order to simulate and analyze the overall building thermal behavior. Then, the solar gains model is also included to predict the solar radiation exchanges in a way close to reality. The model of the heating and cooling system, combining the floor heating and the chilled ceiling, is developed in order to improve the thermal comfort of the building. Afterwards, the ventilation system is modeled in order to represent the air exchange inside the building. The experimental validation is carried out on the tri-generation unit integrated with a thermal solar system (platform ENERBAT). Furthermore, the parametrical study was realized in order to gain a better understanding according to the impact of some factors in the energy performance of the single-family building located in Meurthe-et-Moselle region (France). Optimization of several measures, such as insulation of the building envelope, type of glazing, building orientation and ventilation system, is performed to respond to the requirements of the French thermal standard (RT2012)
Abdelatif, Merabtine. "Modélisation Bond Graphs en vue de l'efficacité énergétique du bâtiment." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789679.
Glouannec, Patrick. "Etude du comportement thermique d'un bâtiment en régime instationnaire : modélisation et expérimentation "in-situ"." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2014.
Chtioui, Feryal. "Étude du rafraîchissement passif de bâtiment par l’intégration d’un système de rétention d’eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS006.
In this thesis, we have studied water retention techniques on flat roofs for passive cooling of commercial/industrial buildings, and more especially the open roof pond system. This roof pond acts as a heat sink, solar irradiance and building internal heat are converted into latent heat, while water thermal inertia mitigates heat flux peaks. A numerical model has been developed to study the theoretical behavior of an open roof pond. A parametric study has allowed to analyze the different heat and mass transfers between the roof and the external environment, and indoor environment impacts. This has allowed to determine the cooling potential of this technology according to design parameters (water level and radiative properties), location and climate change effects. This numerical study was confronted with an experimental study carried out on a scaled down device, under oceanic climate in La Rochelle (France). This experiment also allows to test other water retention techniques on roof such as the adding of a gravel or a porous material layer, and to compare them to high albedo solutions called "cool roofs". The cooling potential and the performance of these passive solutions have been evaluated experimentally and numerically by various indicators defined compared to a bitumen reference roof. Finally, the roof water retention model was coupled with a typical commercial building, large-scale. A study for different current and future climates, especially during heatwave periods and integrating the use of the rainwater resource has been carried out. The results have shown that the roof pond solution is relevant to reduce summer discomfort whatever the location or the climate and that the maximum potential of this technique is obtained when it is combined with the “cool roof” solution
Chesné, Lou. "Vers une nouvelle méthodologie de conception des bâtiments, basée sur leurs performances bioclimatiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825646.
Djamai, Zakaria Ilyes. "Contribution à la caractérisation multi-échelle de composites textile mortier à inertie thermique renforcée par des matériaux à changement de phase (composite MCP-TRC) : application au bâtiment." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEE006.
The building sector has a strong potential for improvement in terms of thermal performance and attenuation of the ecological footprint. A good design of the envelope as well as the structure of the building is fully integrated into these objectives and can contribute effectively to the reduction of energy consumption. This is accompanied by a relevant choice of materials and constructive systems composing the envelope and the structure of the buildingThe research work presented in this thesis is fully integrated in this context and aims at the development of an innovative composite resulting from the association of a modified cementitious matrix by the addition of phase change materials (PCM) and a textile reinforcement, the resulting composite will commonly be called 'MCP-TRC'.A detailed study of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the 'PCM-TRC' composite was carried out. A particular interest was brought during the work presented to the understanding of the interactions between PCM and cement matrix and between cement matrix modified by the addition of PCM and textile reinforcement. These interactions govern the mechanical and thermal behaviour of PCM-TRC composites.Two innovative concepts (lightweight slabs and PCM-TRC sandwich panels) integrating the PCM-TRC composites were proposed. The mechanical and thermal performances of the two concepts were evaluated. The results obtained are very encouraging and promote the emergence of this type of composites in the building industry
Achard, Patrick. "Etude et caractérisation de parois d'enveloppe de bâtiment intégrant un matériau à changement de phase et constituant une interface modulable permettant la captation de l'énergie solaire et la gestion des ambiances intérieures." ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0016.
Khabbaz, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude d'un échangeur de chaleur air-sol (puits canadien) pour le rafraîchissement de l'air sous le climat chaud et semi-aride de Marrakech." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS028/document.
The low energy buildings tendency has become a major worldwide key to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions issues. In Morocco, the building sector represents 25% of the total final energy consumption, whereas 18% is dedicated for residential and 7% for the tertiary sector (ADEREE 2011). The integration of passive or semi-passive for cooling/heating purposes into buildings is an essential act for reducing energy consumption while improving thermal comfort. One of these systems is the Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX). Its principle to use the ground-coupled heat exchanger for cooling is well established, but the behavior of such a system depends on the climate and the soil, which influences the choice of design parameters of this system. We performed a numerical and experimental study on the thermal performance of an Earth to air heat exchanger installed in a villa type house in the suburbs of Marrakech. A monitoring survey was conducted during the summer period of 2013, to acquire temperature and humidity measurements for 39 days. The results show that the earth to air heat exchanger is a system more adapted to refresh the air in buildings in Marrakech, as it provides a quasi constant air temperature of approximately 22°C for flow 244 m3/h and 25°C for flow of 312 m3/h, with relative humidity that is around 50% when the outside temperature exceeds 40°C. The mathematical model chosen and the associated simulation tool used is Type 460 operating under the TRNSYS commercial software, analyzed and validated by comparison with experimental results. This comparison showed excellent agreement, with an average absolute difference between the measurement and simulation that is always lower than 0.5°C and 0.2°C as it decreases at the output of the buried pipe. On the other hand, dynamic simulations of the EAHX using TRNSYS software (TYPE 460) were performed with one pipe or three pipes continuously running. The achieving specific cooling capacity is 58 W/m2 (one pipe) and 55 W/m2 (three pipes) obtained for air temperatures of 25 °C and 26 °C respectively, at the EAHX outlet and 44.6 °C at its inlet. A sensitivity analysis, using the method of Sobol, of the thermal performance of the earth air heat exchanger (EAHX) in the hot season (May-September) has identified the most influential parameters. Thereafter, a complete parametric study on the total sensible energy lost through the air when in passing through the air-ground heat exchanger is made based on the most influential parameters determined previously
Traoré, Issiaka. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les parois des bâtiments à ossature bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10085/document.
This thesis focuses on modeling and characterization of heat and mass transfer in a wooden building envelope. A code which simulates unsteady heat and mass in an air layer in two-dimensional geometry, which is part of the multi-layer wall, was developed and validated. Numerical validations that include all transfer modes were achieved for unsteady and steady states regimes (conduction, convection, surface-to-surface radiation, mass transfer and surface condensation). Then, the code developed for the air layer at the LEMTA was coupled to the code Transpore used at the LERFOB. The latter one deals with the transfer in hygroscopic solid materials. For the experimental validation of the fully coupled code, an experimental cell was constructed and instrumented to study the hygrothermal behavior of the studied walls. This cell which is thermally and hygroscopicly controlled was set up at the CRITT BOIS. Comparisons between the experimental and numerical results are presented and discussed. Besides, several experiments of thermal characterization of various materials (insulators containing wood fibers, solid wood ...) were also conducted. The influence of temperature and moisture on thermal conductivity and specific heat was largely investigated
Lenoir, Aurélie. "On Comfort in Tropical Climates. The design and operation of Net Zero Energy Buildings." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0038.
This thesis investigates a comfort approach for the design and the operation of Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs) in tropical climates. The work is part of an international research project, Task 40 / Annex 52 led by the International Energy Agency (IEA), that concerns net zero energy solar buildings. The case study of the ENERPOS building located in Reunion Island is one of the 30 Net ZEBs selected by the IEA to create a database of demonstration projects worldwide. The point of departure of the study is the observation that one of the challenges facing the intertropical zone today is the growing energy demand. Passive design is suggested as a possible solution to reduce the energydemand of buildings. This approach leads to dealing with comfort issues rather than energy issues, as is usually the case. In spite of the inherent subjective nature of occupant comfort, there is an essential need for methods and tools to characterise comfort in relation to the physical parameters of the environment, for instance, temperature, humidity, air speed and illuminance. Different approaches to thermal and visual comfort are introduced, with the aim of proposing comfort evaluation criteria that are adapted to the design offices. A thermal comfort survey of the occupants of the ENERPOS building, based on over 2,000 feedbacks was conducted from 2008 to 2011. The results have led to the recommendation of modifications in the Givoni comfort zones, notably by extending the maximum humidity level, for passive buildings combining the use of natural ventilation and ceiling fans. An innovative methodology using simulations and taking the passive behaviour of the building into account, as opposed to the conventional approach with regard to energy use, is proposed to facilitate the optimisation of the design of passive buildings. The study focuses on the design of solar shading, given the extensive role it plays in tropical climate, as well as the direct impact it has on both thermal and visual comfort of building occupants. Although the design phase aims to optimise the building to limit both discomfort and energy consumption, the operation of the building remains the critical phase that is often neglected or overlooked by design teams. A broad examination of the operation phase of the ENERPOS building, since its construction, from both energy and users’ point of view, illustrates that a building can reduce its energy consumption significantly, and thus, its environmental impact while maintaining an acceptable level of comfort for its users
Yang, Yingying. "Innovative non-destructive methodology for energy diagnosis of building envelope." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0913/document.
Buildings represent a large share in terms of energy consumption, such as 35% in the member countries of IEA (2010) and 39.8% in U.S. (2015). Climate controlling (space heating and space cooling) occupies more than half of the consumption. While this consumption can be reduced by improving the building energy efficiency, in which the thermal performance of building envelope plays a critical role. Therefore, the thermal diagnosis of building envelope is of great important, for example, in the case of new building accreditation, retrofitting energy efficiency of old building and the building resale and renting. However, very few diagnostic methods exist for the characterization of thick walls. The present measurement standards that based on steady state heat transfer regime need a long time (several days). The classical transient technologies, such as flash method, are difficult to implement on the walls because of the large thickness of walls and the complex conditions in situ. This thesis aims to explore innovative methodologies for thermal quantitative diagnosis of building envelope. Two experimental cases were carried out: one is in laboratory (IFSTTAR, Nantes) and the other is in situ (IUT, Bordeaux). Different sensors and instruments were studied to measure the wall heat flux and surface temperature, and provided some guidelines for the choice of sensors and data processing protocols as well. Using these measured data, three estimation approaches were proposed to estimate the thermal parameters of the multilayer thick wall: pulse response curve method, step response curve method and inverse method, which can be applied for different diagnostic situations. In addition, an innovative NDE (non-destructive evaluation) method using terahertz (THz) radiation was also investigated. Measurements were carried out in I2M laboratory to characterize the absorption coefficient of standard building materials (insulation, plaster, concrete, wood ...). This THz method can be combined with a previous thermal method to provide some complementary information
Kachkouch, Salah. "Évaluation expérimentale et par simulation des performances thermiques de techniques passives appliquées aux toitures pour le rafraîchissement des bâtiments en climat chaud." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS021/document.
The building is one of the most energy-consuming and CO2-producing sectors in the world. Nowadays, this sector accounts for 33% of total energy consumption in Morocco. The new thermal regulation in Morocco aims to introduce eco-energy practices in this sector to reduce this consumption. Indeed, in the Mediterranean region, building architecture has a major impact on its energy and thermal performance. In addition, the integration of passive techniques and the use of local materials could significantly reduce energy consumption in the building sector. In this context where this thesis is located and whose objective is to evaluate the cooling capacity of some passive techniques for the solar protection of roofs and to show the importance of the use of local natural materials in the hot and semi-arid climate of Marrakech. Indeed, three passive cooling techniques are tested in real conditions in the Marrakech region. Passive techniques, namely white paint, shading and thermal insulation, are applied to the roofs of three outside test cells. The thermal performances of these techniques are evaluated simultaneously via a 29-day summer monitoring of four identical test cells, including a bare roof reference test cell (without treatment). Small scale test cells do not represent real buildings where an in-depth study can be conducted. To remedy this, we built a single-zone building that represents a classroom in rural region in southern Morocco, using natural materials and incorporating passive techniques into the roof. The thermal and energetic performances of the same techniques are evaluated by means of dynamic thermal simulations on TRNSYS as well as an experimental study
Rodriguez, Gonzalo. "Modélisation de la réponse de l'architecture au climat local." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15226/document.
In the context of the current energy crisis, energy consumption and the carbon trace have become a mayor influence in the architectonic conception, the first link in the construction process. Recent constrains associated with international agreements such as the Rio Summit (1992), the Kyoto Protocole and, specifically in France, Grenelle delʼEnvironnement Round Table (2007), have diversified the number of stakeholders in the architectural conception, traditionally reserved to architects. The race to reduce by hal fenergy consumption in buildings (RT 2012) as well as the goal to cut by four greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 (Grenelle de lʼEnvironnement), puts the architectural creative process in jeopardy. Such demanding requirements favor trivial technical solutions and encourage standardization and off shoring of architectural elements.This researchʼs purpose is to place the architectural approach at the center of the sustainable conception. This allows the validation of the performance of a houseʼs shape as an effective response to environmental constrains. For this, we have placed our interest in the vernacular house, usually characterized by simple forms and adapted to their sociocultural and geo-climatic context. This habitat, which has resulted from a long term optimization, is inevitably sustainable. The vernacular habitat is analyzed herein in the search of the motivations that have shaped it. In consequence, geographical and climate circumstances that could have determined the shape of houses have been considered. We claim that from the analysis of visible architectural features it is possible to obtain information on the geo-climatic environment as well as the influence relationships that connect them.These influence relationships are modeled following a qualitative approach supported by a qualitative representation of knowledge. The representation, based upon qualitative functions, enables automatic reasoning, starting from gathered awareness of geo-climatic environment, for establishing corresponding architectural features. Finally, the modeled result both allows the evaluation of the form of new houses and assist the conception of houses adapted to their local context
Basecq, Vincent. "Développement d’un mur capteur-stockeur solaire pour le chauffage des bâtiments à très basse consommation d’énergie." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS013/document.
Use of renewable energy is a necessary way to fight global warming and to anticipate scarcity of raw materials. The solar/storage wall used in buildings with lower energy consumption meets this evolution to renewable energy sources. In this thesis, solar energy is stored in a phase charge material (PCM), which provides latent storage. The latent storage is higher than sensible storage in usual building materials. This energy is restored to indoor air, by circulation and heating of inlet air through the wall storage element. In this thesis work, the solar storage wall was developed, based on previous published works dealing with similar systems. An experiment has been carried out with the solar storage integrated in a small wood building with a high insulation. The solar energy recovered by the wall reaches 2 kWh.m-2.day-1 and 1,5 kWh.day-1 was restored to air. In a second experiment, a prototype was developed to be used in controlled laboratory conditions. Special attention was given to PCM temperature measures to analyze the PCM thermal behavior. Two phenomena were observed: (i) liquid phase recovering solid phase, (ii) temperature homogenization in liquid phase. The PCM thermal behavior depends on interactions between three energetic flows: the charge flow (solar energy recovered), the restored flow (energy restored to the inlet air) and a vertical flow created by the liquid phase recovering. Furthermore, a numerical dynamic model for the solar storage wall was developed. It is based on a finite volume approach. This model simulates: (i) the ground effect in a solar wall, (ii) the thermal energy storage and phase changes, and (iii) heat recovery energy to air inlet. Numerical results were compared to experimental values. The model was validated for air temperature for daily cycle defined with a charge period (during sunning) and a continue air heating. The difference between numerical values and experimental values are lower than 0.6°C in mean temperature, and 10% in energy. This difference is lower than measurement uncertainties and energy calculation error margins. So the model is valeted and can be coupled with the dynamic thermal simulation code: TRNSYS
Faure, Xavier. "Enveloppe hybride pour bâtiment à haute performance énergétique." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00217686.