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1
Vasilyeva, Т., S. Lyeonov, N. Antoniuk, and O. Tverezovska. "ENTERPRISE`S ACTIVITIES MONITORING IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2019): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.2-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the questions of formation of monitoring key indicators of enterprise financial and economic activity mechanism. Emphasized that the provision of adequate conditions for sustainable development and preservation of financial stability of domestic enterprises in today's economic realities require continuous monitoring of the main indicators of their activity, including the estimation of the financial condition of the company and its investment attractiveness. Analyzed one of the major domestic problems of the Ukrainian economy as the underfunding of the real sector of the economy is the result of the processes of financialization and globalization of world capital. It is proved that for today there is a necessity of formation of the mechanism of monitoring of key indicators of financial and economic activities of enterprises, the results of which can be applied for development of strategy of development of separate entity. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of direct investments into the economy of Sumy region showed a general decrease in volume and a minor volume of investments in the industry compared to other industries. The results of the study identified the key 2 indicator - investment attractiveness of the enterprise and the dynamics of added value and establishing acceptable for a specific enterprise corridor variations AV. Monitoring of such deviations in the dynamics will allow us to have adequate information to identify trends for future development of the enterprise. The article presents the method of calculation of added value based on the financial statements, which is one of the key indicators in predicting trends in the development of the enterprise. Keywords: monitoring, strategic development, financial and economic activity of the enterprise, investment attractiveness, value added, labor productivity, financial status, managerial decisions, forecasting of enterprise development.
2
Masciari, E. "SMART: Stream Monitoring enterprise Activities by RFID Tags." Information Sciences 195 (July 2012): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2012.01.041.
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HAVRYLKO, Iryna. "THE APPLICATION DIRECTIONS OF PROGNOSTIC TOOLS OF MONITORING AND CONTROL IN THE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The state of the modern economic environment requires the introduction of control in the management of agricultural enterprises. The control is aimed at identifying potential or existing adverse economic situations in the enterprise. The purpose of scientific research is to develop application areas of prognostic tools for monitoring and control in the management of agricultural enterprises. Results. The reason for the emergence and implementation of the control concept in the activities of agricultural enterprises is determined. It is established that the control system is characterized by recording information about past events and focus on the future. The reasons that determine the need for control are described. The role of control in the agricultural enterprise management is substantiated. The essence of control information technology in enterprise management is determined. An expert assessment of the cost structure for the implementation of the automated information system project was conducted. The approach to the choice of the automated information system is substantiated. Features and advantages of the most widespread automated information systems are described. It is proved that control is one of the most modern and effective enterprise management systems. The potential possibility of control to improve the performance of domestic agricultural enterprises has been identified. The role of control in marketing activity of agrarian business subjects in the conditions of market relations is allocated. An overview of the main control tools in the agricultural enterprises management is given. The purpose of control in the context of operational and strategic plans is outlined. Objects of analysis for formation of information base of control are allocated. The main tasks of marketing control in the agricultural enterprises activities are described. Conclusions. The integration of control and monitoring tools is necessary to obtain the desired effect in any management subsystem. Such integration has a positive effect on the economic efficiency of agricultural entities and helps to increase the level of decisions validity. Keywords: monitoring, control, enterprise management, agrarian business entity, automated information systems, marketing activities.
4
Vasilyeva, Т., V. Boronos, O. Zakharkin, and Iu Bilous. "STAKEHOLDER APPROACH TO MONITORING THE ENTERPRISE'S ACTIVITIES IN THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2019): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.1-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article discusses approaches to monitoring the activity of an enterprise as part of its strategic management system. The positions of modern scientists on the issues of monitoring the activity of the enterprise are analyzed and the conclusion is made about the necessity of participation in it of all stakeholders of the enterprise to take into account their interests. The stakeholder approach to monitoring the activity of the enterprise in the strategic management system is proposed and the role of different stakeholder groups in its implementation is defined.
5
Havrylko, Iryna. "The effectiveness of the monitoring and control system in the agricultural enterprises management." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-4-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Due to the impact of the global financial crisis and the growth of competition in the international market, control in the enterprise management is becoming important. It provides feedback between the control and managed subsystems of the enterprise. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of the monitoring and control system in the agricultural enterprises management in an unstable economic environment. Results. It is established that the existing approaches to the agricultural enterprise management do not contribute to the effective implementation of monitoring and control. The number of problems in the process of agribusiness management were identified based on expert analysis. It is determined that the development of strategic management in the agricultural enterprises activities is hampered by the lack of use of appropriate monitoring and control tools. The guidelines of agrarian business entities are determined in accordance with the market concept of enterprise management. The coefficient analysis of capacity utilization and profitability of agricultural enterprises is carried out. The inconsistency of the existing approaches of agricultural enterprises management to the requirements of the market environment has been established. It is revealed that the imperfect organization of enterprise management contributes to the formation of an unstable information base of enterprise control. The operative orientation of control in the enterprise management of the agrarian sphere and neglect of strategic factors of success are determined. It is substantiated that the integration of economic monitoring and control tools in the management system contributes to the growth of enterprises economic efficiency. Conclusions. The formation of strategic goals of agricultural enterprises is based on the distorted implementation of the sustainable development concept. The presence of a significant number of factors is determined that inhibit the process of increasing the investment attractiveness level and economic efficiency of agricultural businesses. Keywords: monitoring, control, enterprise management, agrarian business entity, efficiency, strategic management, monitoring and control tools, information base.
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Ivanov, V. V., N. A. L'vova, N. R. Abramishvili, and M. V. Parfenova. "Introducing indicators of enterprise investment activities in financial stability monitoring." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 12, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.12.4.404.
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Kochetkov, Olexii, and Kristsna Fedicheva. "ORGANIZATIONAL PREREQUISITES FOR IMPROVING CONTROLLING, MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS IN MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Economic Discourse, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-3-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Ensuring the effectiveness in special circumstances is the most important factor of good implementation of the system of controlling, monitoring and diagnostics in the management practice of an agricultural enterprise. It means to be able to adapt to the conditions of formation and implementation of innovations. Obviously, this requires not only expanding the functionality of controlling, monitoring and diagnostics, but also a corresponding reorganization of management practices. Methods. Studies were conducted on the basis of general scientific methods, abstract and logical, and constructive methods. The methodological basis in preparing the material made dialectical method of knowledge of social and economic phenomena. Results. In the course of the research, the conditions for the functional efficiency development of the controlling, monitoring and diagnostics system as a coordinating system of the enterprise management were analyzed. It is established that unjustified differentiation of economic activity leads to the loss of connecting links. In this way, the monitoring function is limited by the capabilities of local controlling. The new essence of effective organization of management practice of an agricultural enterprise with the transition of its perception from the traditional model to the modern one is proved. The main function of the system of controlling, monitoring and diagnostics is determined by the goal-setting of management practice. It is proposed to use the principles of adaptive organization of the agricultural enterprise to implement the functional load of the controlling, monitoring and diagnostics system. Discussion. An adaptive organization is a dynamic system. So it requires appropriate indicators to track processes in a diverse dimension. Moreover, the effectiveness of the implementation of processes requires diagnostics for determine its optimality for replication in the current and future activities of enterprises. Determining optimality attributes requires appropriate monitoring and quick updating. Therefore, the main perspective is in systematization the information functions of controlling, monitoring and diagnostics and integrating them into the management activities of agricultural enterprises. Keywords: control, monitoring, diagnostics, adaptive organization, management, agricultural enterprise.
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Oreshina, M. N. "The use of artificial intelligence in the innovation activities of industrial enterprises." E-Management 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2021-4-1-29-37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers innovative methods of conducting business activities of an enterprise based on the use of modern information systems, Web technologies, artificial intelligence technologies for creating digital counterparts of an enterprise, managing business processes and managing technical parameters of production. The introduction of innovations at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex is due to the established stable system of distribution of new technologies based on modern scientific base, programs to support small-scale enterprises and their positioning in the market, for the purpose of developing regional structures, creation of specialized subcomplexes in the structure of processing enterprises, for example, in the food industry enterprises, where the introduction of innovations is associated with lower financial costsThe author gives the introduction of innovations in the implementation of digitalization measures at low-power enterprises on the basis of the development of measurement and computing complexes containing unified automation tools with a wide range of applications, modern software products for collecting and processing data on the progress of the technological process and generatingalarms, as well as diagnostic systems and instructions for the installation of equipment, operating both independently and managed through cloud servers.The paper proposes the measuring and computing complex for monitoring and regulating the parameters of complex processes for monitoring and regulating the parameters of small-scale food production enterprises, shows methods for predicting the properties of products with specified characteristics.The study determines the positive directions of digitalization that ensure the competitiveness and economic development of the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.
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VOLYNETS, L. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES." Economics of the transport complex, no. 38 (November 25, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.38.110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need for improvement and development of logistics activities at transport enterprises is determined.
The content of the concept of “logistics activity” and theoretical aspects of its development at transport enterprises are revealed. Complex logistics functions and elementary logistics operations are analyzed.
The role and place of logistics activity and its influence on the functioning of transport enterprises are substantiated.
The efficiency of logistics activity at transport enterprises and directions of its improvement are analyzed. Among the areas identified there are three main: the use of big data (Big Data), cloud logistics and logistics platforms of supply chains, the Internet of Things.
Therefore, the availability and use of information platforms and technologies are extremely important in improving the logistics activities of transport companies. With their appearance, it becomes possible to develop various mathematical methods for simplifying logistics tasks and their practical implementation.
It is proved that the use of logistics contributes to the achievement of certain competitive advantages by transport enterprises.
The opinions of various authors on the definition of the concept of “logistics activities” are considered and a comprehensive definition of the concept is proposed.
The system of management of logistic activity of the enterprise, the place and role of the elements of logistic activity is given and it is proved that performance of tasks of logistic activity at each stage of a material flow management raises the competitiveness of the enterprise in the market of transport services.
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Vorkunova, O. V., and N. V. Yarovа. "MONITORING THE PROBABILITY OF BANKRUPTCY AS A BASIS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTOFPORTENTERPRISES." Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU) 78, no. 1 (2022): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2022-1-5-19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thearticledealswithmonitoringthemanagementoftheprobabilityofbankruptcyofportenterprises.Inmarketconditions,enterprisesmustbeconfidentintheirreliability and economic stability, otherwise they get a situation of their own insolvency and havethe risk of obtaining the status of bankruptcy of the enterprise.In this regard, the heads ofenterprises, managers of different levels of management should carry out anti-crisis diagnosticsof the financial condition of their own enterprise in order to avoid possible bankruptcy, and in theeventofathreatofbankruptcy,findopportunitiesforthefinancialrecoveryoftheenterprise.Atthesametime,theyshouldbeabletotimelydeterminetheunfavorablefinancialconditionofcounterpartyenterprisesbasedontheresultsofthefinancialanalysisand,ifnecessary,exercisetheir righttoapplybankruptcyproceedings againstthedebtor incourt.Anyenterprise,andhencethecountry'seconomy,candevelopinacrisis-freespaceonlyifa set of measures is applied: an unmistakable diagnosis of their condition, a correctly prescribedplanforsolvingfinancialrecoveryissuesandeffectivetreatmentintheelements ofriskybusiness.Foreign experience shows that bankruptcy can be predicted 1.5-2 years before its obvioussigns. It is possible to detect the initial signs of bankruptcy by forecasting the «price of theenterprise»intheshortandlongterm.The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that the identification andjustification of the causes of bankruptcy at the enterprises of the port industry plays an importantrole in their functioning, and hence in the further development of the Ukrainian economy as awhole.Thestrategyofenterprisemanagementshouldbedefinedasaqualitativelydefineddirection of enterprise development. It should characterize the way, the mechanism by which thecompany will be able to operate stably, maintaining or strengthening its financial position in achangingcompetitiveenvironment,whichprovides asufficientlevelofprofitability.Enterprise development strategies are based on enterprise life cycle theory. Knowing atwhat stage of the life cycle of the enterprise, the manager can assess the current conditions andprospects of the enterprise and on the basis of this information to develop strategies and tactics forfurtherdevelopmentoftheenterprise.Strategicmanagementshouldprovidefortherepetitionofstagesofgrowthandsustainability of the life cycle of the enterprise, their alternation should be carried out in fullaccordancewiththeconditionsoftheinternalandexternalenvironmentoftheenterprise.Thus, strategic management should be a conscious management of the stages of the lifecycleoftheenterpriseandthecreationoffavorabletrendsforfurtherdevelopmentoftheenterprise.Tacticalmanagementsteps aredeterminedbasedonstrategicgoals. It is advisable to analyze the state of the enterprise since its inception or since the lastrestructuring. The financial analysis of the current state of the enterprises of the port industry iscarried out in order to specify the position of the enterprise on the curve of its life cycle. Knowingtheindicatorsofliquidityandprofitabilityandtheplannedlevelofprofit,determinetheconstraints imposed by the policy of enterprise development on short-term capital (the level ofborrowing). If the company's management takes into account these limitations in its activities, itwill be able to effectively manage the stages of the life cycle and alternate them in order to achieveidealdevelopment.Keywords:monitoring,portfacilities,probabilityofbankruptcy.
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SHYNKARENKO, V. "STUDYING ACTIVITIES OF COMPETITORS OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE." Economics of the transport complex, no. 38 (November 25, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.38.94.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses the study of competitors’ activity and presents some of the results of our research in this area. The main purpose of the study is to determine the positions, establish the strengths and weaknesses of their activities, assess their own ability to develop on this basis, the strategy and tactics of competitive behavior of the enterprise in the market. Based on the study of literature sources, the shortcomings of the existing model of analyzing competitors are identified, the proposals for its improvement are given. It is proposed to study the activities of competitors in the following sequence: identifying priority competitors, collecting data on their activities, identifying strengths and weaknesses, determining the position of the company among competitors. To determine the priority competitors, the analysis of the correlation field – the cell in the coordinate system – competitor and market segment is offered, in which we obtain the data: the volume of transport services, the market segment share, the share of traffic in total transport work. These indicators are determined for each competitor and show the priority of each competitor.
At the first stage of the methodology of analysis of competitors’ activity, an approach to the definition of priority competitors is proposed, which means those of them who have the largest market share, both in the market as a whole and in a particular market segment. Much attention in the study is paid to determining the list of signs of competitors’ priority and establishing sources of information. On the basis of certain values of the enterprise and competitors there is an opportunity to establish the strengths and weaknesses of each of them. On the basis of the signs of enterprises’ activity that characterize their size, it is possible to obtain a generalized assessment of the market position of the trucking company and competitors, their strengths and weaknesses. At the same time, ratings are made without and with taking into account the importance of each criterion of the market position of MTE and competitors. The results of the research can be used in the process of determining the optimal strategy for motor transport enterprises.
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Zamula, Iryna, Maryna Tanasiieva, Vitalii Travin, Vitalii Nitsenko, Tomas Balezentis, and Dalia Streimikiene. "Assessment of the Profitability of Environmental Activities in Forestry." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents a framework for the financial analysis of the environmental measures (programmes) for forestry enterprises. The indicators of the economic and social effectiveness of environmental measures are discussed. The prospects for their implementation in the context of sustainable forest management in Ukraine are analysed. The research focuses on the effectiveness of environmental measures at the level of forestry enterprise. The proposed framework allows for determining the economic and social effectiveness of environmental measures at the enterprise level. To this end, the net discounted income is used to measure the profitability of environmental measures. The payback period is determined to provide an intuition behind the decision to participate in the environmental measures. The proposed framework allows for improving decision support for the national sustainable forestry development programmes not only at the macro level, but also at the level of enterprises.
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Kuznetsova, Elena Yu, Olga O. Podoliak, Tawfeek Albasha, and Aleksey V. Ershov. "Machine-Building Enterprise Sustainable Development Level Assessment." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134603022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most of the countries of the world strive to be committed to the Concept of Sustainable Development and develop their own national system for monitoring progress towards the implementation of the 17 global Sustainable Development Goals. In most cases, implementation is ensured through the national projects that have an infrastructure nature. At the same time, it is very appropriate to use the achievements of business organizations, primarily industrial enterprises, which include environmental and social goals as providing direct production activities. These goals and, accordingly, the indicators that evaluate them, reflect the process activity of the enterprise. The study shows the role of the project activity of the enterprise, which ensures the successful implementation of process goals within the functional direction (by the example of the environmental and social spheres of ensuring the production process of the enterprise). As a result of the analysis of the industrial enterprises standard reporting, indicators that meet the parameters of sustainable development approved in the Russian Federation, are identified. Recommendations are given for expanding the sustainable development goals that an industrial enterprise can meet in the framework of ensuring its production activities.
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XINMENG, Han. "METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE EXPORT POTENTIAL ESTIMATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The lack of a unified methodology of the export potential assessing of agro-industrial enterprises poses some difficulties in the activities of export-oriented economic entities. This situation is conditioned by the subjectivity of the export potential concept, as well as the inability to establish a clear relationship between the enterprise export potential, the market export potential and the market enterprise position. The research purpose is to study the existing methodological approaches to the export potential assessment of agricultural enterprises. Results. The components of the enterprise export potential are determined. The model of export potential determination for the conditions of agrarian production is presented for the future. A set of indicators is described to characterize the export potential. The increase of role of the managing system in the enterprise international competitiveness is substantiated. The essence, purpose and peculiarities of managing the enterprise international competitiveness are outlined. The system structure of enterprise international competitiveness management (monitoring of competitive environment in the international market, assessment of the enterprise competitiveness level and their products, determining the mission of enterprise functioning, the strategy implementation of the international competitiveness management system, evaluation and control of the implementation results of the chosen strategy). The problematic aspects of the agricultural enterprise activity are identified in the process of managing international competitiveness. The measures aimed at improving the management of the international competitiveness of agricultural enterprises are characterized and substantiated. Conclusions. Assessing the export potential of agricultural enterprises is an important issue in the process of improving their export activities. Developing valuation approaches that take into account the specifics of the domestic and world economies will enhance the export potential of agricultural enterprises. This, in turn, will be the basis for developing the country's exports. Keywords: export potential, agrarian potential, economic potential, competitiveness, factors, agroindustrial production, export.
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Адамов, Д. В., М. А. Юхненко, and Є. Р. Богдяж. "Implementation of management accounting in the system of economic monitoring of activities in the context of globalization." Public administration aspects 7, no. 12 (January 2, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151969.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the problems that arise during the implementation of the concept of modern management accounting for Ukrainian enterprises by introducing new accounting systems and developing approaches to accounting and information generalization of transaction costs in order to effectively manage them in the globalized economy. The existing system of introduction of management accounting at enterprises is examined and the introduction of management accounting on foreign examples is considered, namely the balanced system of indicators, which is already actively used abroad and is just beginning its development in Ukraine. The research of this topic is related to the change of accounting information systems in modern conditions and the need to create a global accounting system, and adjustments are made to management accounting functions. The article compares and defines the distinctive features of accounting, and its composition of financial, tax and management accounting. A clear algorithm for the construction of this system at the enterprise and indicators that must be calculated for a complete and independent analysis of the work of the enterprise are distinguished and described. The ambiguous interpretation of the concept of managerial accounting in the course of its evolutionary development has led to the study of this topic. The article presents a system of metrics that are calculated within the Balanced Scorecard system used by the enterprise. The problems of implementing a balanced scorecard based on the experience of corporations already using the system are also discussed. The lack of legal and legislative framework to stimulate and encourage the introduction of this concept into the practice of management accounting in Ukraine leads to the unsatisfactory functioning of this system. According to the results of the research, the recommendations on the introduction of management accounting in the system of economic monitoring of activity in the conditions of globalization are given.
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Sharanov, Roman. "Enterprise Crisis Management Algorithm." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 6(39) (2021): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2021.6(39).288-296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article devotes to the study of the enterprise crisis management process. In recent years, a large number of enterprises in Ukraine have suffered losses. This result related to both the internal problems in the country and the emergence of a new coronavirus crisis. Thus, in the conditions of unstable development of both world and domestic economy, the formation of the crisis management system is important for enterprises. Thus, the enterprise crisis management algorithm offered, which takes into account the peculiarities of the activity of small, medium and large business entities. The algorithm consists of the following stages: diagnostics of the business entity (small, medium, large), determining the crisis and its causes, developing a strategy to eliminate the threat, developing crisis measures to eliminate the threat, implementation of selected measures and monitoring their implementation, identifying the reasons for the ineffectiveness of measures (in case of overcoming the crisis) and eliminating the threat. There is a significant difference in crisis management between different businesses at the diagnostic stage. For small businesses, the diagnosis consists of assessing revenue, profitability, working capital. Diagnosis of medium-sized enterprises should be comprehensive and cover all areas of enterprise activity. Diagnosis of large enterprises consists of both comprehensive diagnostics and models for assessing the level of bankruptcy. Crisis management strategies and measures for small, medium and large businesses are common; however, the choice should take into account the possibility of their implementation in a particular enterprise. Depending on the stage of the crisis, the recommended strategies and crisis management measures. In consequence of the proposed algorithm, the company will be able to timely identify and overcome threats, and ensure continuous monitoring of its activities. It was indicated the practical significance of the above algorithm, which consists in early detection and consistent overcoming of problems in the activity of domestic enterprises in an unstable economic environment.
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Pakhucha, Elina, Natalia Babko, Tamila Bilousko, Roman Bilousko, Serhiy Vynohradenko, and Otabeg Azizov. "Strategic Analysis of Export Activities of Enterprises to Ensure Sustainable Development." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n4p251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article necessity and significance to study of financial risks, which are a constant factor in the activity of any enterprise, are substantiated. It is established that for a broader understanding of the essence of financial risk it is necessary to consider it as a cumulative risk of the enterprise. The growing impact of financial risks on the results of financial and economic activities is associated with the uncertain economic situation, the instability of financial market conditions, the rapid introduction of new financial technologies and financial instruments, expanding the scope of financial relations of the enterprise. Methods of financial risk assessment are investigated, which involve the identification of risks, determining the causes of their occurrence and potential risk areas, as well as the negative consequences of making a risky decision or possible benefits. Comparing the methods of quantitative assessment of financial risk, it was found that the level of risk may vary depending on the chosen method of assessment. A system of financial ratios has been formed to quantify the risk of enterprises of different sizes, namely for large, medium and small enterprises, which most accurately reflect the current financial situation. An assessment of the financial results of enterprises operating in the field of wholesale trade. The financial results before the taxation of activity as an indicator that characterizes the potential for profit generation of wholesale trade enterprises by size distribution are studied. The value of financial results (balance) before taxation of wholesale trade enterprises is forecasted. It is established that the growing pressure of the crisis and insecurity on the part of the state will lead to the transition from the crisis in which enterprises are today, to a state of economic bankruptcy. This situation requires the formation and use of financial resources of enterprises, based on the system and complexity of making and implementing management decisions. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of financial risks of wholesale trade enterprises belonging to groups of large, medium and small enterprises was carried out. Based on these calculations, the ranking of priorities in the management of financial stability. It is established that the first place among the blocks of financial coefficients of risk assessment of enterprises is occupied by the block of business activity, then the block of profitability indicators, the block of liquidity indicators, the final block of capital structure. For each of the defined blocks the directions of increase, or optimization that will provide financial stability of the enterprise are presented.
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Eroshin, S. E. "Method of Calculation of Integrated Performance Indicators of Defense Industry Organizations." Statistics and Economics 18, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2021-6-26-34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study is to develop a parametric monitoring system for defense industry enterprises, optimizing on the principle of minimum sufficiency a set of key indicators of the activities of organizations and increasing the efficiency of management of research institutes, design bureaus, industrial and service enterprises of the military-industrial complex.Materials and methods. The methodological and theoretical basis of the presented scientific work is a system of mathematical methods for analyzing empirical data on the object of study, providing objective, accurate and systematic information on the researched processes. The reliability of scientific provisions, conclusions and practical recommendations is confirmed by the experience of applying the results of the study in the analysis of the activities of enterprises of Concern Almaz-Antey JSC, as well as comparing them with the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists in the field of organizing a management system for high-tech companies. Author relied on actual statistical information about the activities of organizations of the military-industrial complex, the results of research in the field of mathematical analysis, organization and planning of machine-building production, research of operations, rank statistics, probability theory, theory of adaptive management, economics and enterprise management.Results. A method has been developed for processing data on the activities of enterprises and reducing them to the optimal set of observed indicators without losing awareness of the monitoring object; possibilities of using non-parametric methods of statistics for analysis of complex systems, in particular, holdings of defense industry, have been researched.Conclusion. Each enterprise has its own specificity depending on the specifics of the production processes. There is now a significant number of different indicators that comprehensively, and often too extensively, characterize what is happening. This situation often makes it difficult to manage production facilities, since the actual picture of the state of the facilities is obscured by an excess of secondary information. In this regard, it seems reasonable to try to weed out unnecessary indicators and use only those that carry the necessary amount of information sufficient to reflect the specifics of the enterprise. The presented work theoretically and practically proved the advantages of using non-parametric statistics in enterprise monitoring, which allows reducing temporary losses in the development of management solutions and increasing their efficiency at the level of the parent companies of defense-industrial associations.
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PETRENKO, NATALYA, OKSANA LEVCHENKO, TATIANA MAGNUSHEVSKAYA, and OKSANA DMUKHOVSKA. "INTERNAL CONTROL: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN TOURISM." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 292, no. 2 (May 2021): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-292-2-26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Peculiarities of conducting tourism business create internal risks. Timely risk assessment avoids penalties. Internal control in tourism has its own characteristics. The most important area of risk-oriented control is the verification and assessment of risks of investment and innovation activities. Attention is paid to the choice and development of the tourism enterprise’s own methods of internal control. Recommendations for checking the main activities of tourism enterprises have been developed. For the effective operation of the tourism enterprise, internal control should extend to the following areas: business planning; accounting and statistical accounting; economic analysis of financial and economic activities; risk identification and assessment; organization and monitoring of the system of input, internal and output information; execution of orders and instructions; control of cash flows of the enterprise, control of preservation of property, intellectual and human capital of the tour operator; organization and control of document flow of the tourist enterprise; assessment of the effectiveness of hiring and work of staff; prevention of fraud and abuse, money laundering in the company, as well as terrorist financing; fulfillment of social responsibility of business. Among the control procedures are: documentation, confirmation of compliance between documents, authorization of agreements and transactions, separation of powers and rotation of responsibilities, actual availability, verification of data, supervision and verification of computer processing of information. The proposed method allows logically step by step, interconnected and detailed verification of the tourist enterprise, interpret and analyze the impact of risks on financial results, make adjustments, make recommendations for risk prevention.
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Nakhodov, V., O. Borychenko, and A. Cherniavskyi. "The methodical issues of industrial energy monitoring systems implementation." POWER ENGINEERING: economics, technique, ecology, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1813-5420.3.2020.228616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Statistics show that energy is one of the highest operating costs in a manufacturing enterprise. So, improving energy efficiency can lead to a significant increase in profits and reduce the impact of the enterprise on the environment. To increase the performance of energy efficiency activities, it is necessary to implement an energy management system. One of the components of this system is energy monitoring, which, in turn, is based on the periodic collection and analysis of data to assess the state of the monitoring objects in terms of energy efficiency. In this paper, the role and place of energy monitoring in the energy management system of an industrial enterprise are noted. The paper proposes the concept of creating energy monitoring system in industrial companies, which is based on the combination of a monitoring system based on specific energy consumption, and usage of group energy characteristics of production facilities. Implementing such energy monitoring systems will allow to conduct operational control of energy efficiency of production facilities by creating individual systems for monitoring energy efficiency, as well as successfully carry out such monitoring at the enterprise and its subdivisions over longer periods of time using specific energy consumption indicators. It also provides general guidelines for conducting energy monitoring. These guidelines were formed based on the results of studying various methods and scientific publications in the field of energy monitoring, as well as on the basis of practical experience in the development and implementation of energy management systems. Particular attention is paid to the issues of processing and analysis of information about the objects of energy monitoring of industrial enterprises. The practical application of the concept of creating energy monitoring systems envisages gradual improvement of the existing monitoring system based on the specific energy consumption, which will be further completely replaced with individual energy efficiency monitoring systems.
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Ďurišová, Tokarčíková, Virlanuta, and Chodasová. "The Corporate Performance Measurement and Its Importance for the Pricing in a Transport Enterprise." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2019): 6164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the specificity of transport services that are being performed with an unambiguous impact on the environment and society, all activities of transport enterprises oriented towards the achievement of the sustainability goals are more visible than in the case of other enterprises. Consequently, the growing need for sustainability increases not only the costs of individual transport services but also the total costs of a transport enterprise. Indisputably, the costs affect the pricing, which leads to the final market prices. On the one hand, they can increase the prices, but on the other hand, they decrease the enterprise’s competitiveness and its success in the market at the same time. Even though the cost-based pricing is essential, it is not sufficient under these circumstances. Based on the objectives stated above, the primary aim of this paper is to emphasize that the creation of prices in a transport enterprise must consider the global aspects of the enterprise’s performance as a prerequisite for its competitiveness. The results include proposing several variants of corporate performance measurement that are relevant and supported by a literature review of the current knowledge on the topic, an analysis of internal documents from a particular freight-transport enterprise, and structured interviews with the managers. Subsequently, the model proposed can be used by managers of transport enterprises in their decision-making process.
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Vasilyeva, T., and N. Antoniuk. "FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 3 (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the issue of financial risk management of industrial enterprises, which is relevant in the modern realities of the Ukrainian economy. The Google Trends web application analyzes the popularity of search queries in business and industry for phrases such as "financial risk" and "financial risk management" in Ukraine and in the world as a whole over the past 12 months. Based on official statistics, the analysis of the dynamics of the main financial indicators of industrial enterprises of Sumy region for 5 years, namely financial results before tax, financial results from operating activities and operating profitability. Based on the coefficient of variation, the level of financial risk that accompanies the activities of industrial enterprises of Sumy region is determined. The essence of financial risks of an industrial enterprise is revealed and its constituent elements are presented. The main existing approaches to the quantitative assessment of financial risks are presented, which are mainly based on probabilistic assessment. A methodical approach to financial risk management of industrial enterprises is proposed, which provides for constant monitoring of deviations of the integrated indicator, calculated on the basis of financial statements of the enterprise and includes indicators of liquidity, financial stability, profitability, cash flow from financial activities. At the same time, the company is recommended to set clear boundaries of possible deviations of the integrated financial indicator. Emphasis is also placed on the need to form and implement an integrated financial risk management system at industrial enterprises of Ukraine in the modern economic realities of Ukraine. A clear system of financial risk management will allow industrial enterprises to respond in a timely manner to potential threats, neutralize financial risks and avoid possible losses.
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Li, Wenjian, Yang Zhang, Yuanyuan Wu, Xue Han, Benhai Guo, and Gang Xie. "Enterprise Reciprocity and Risk Preferences and the Sustainable Cooperation of Innovation Activities in Industrial Parks." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainable cooperation of innovation in industrial parks is of great significance to the sustainable development of enterprises and parks. Factors explaining enterprise innovation cooperation activities in industrial parks have attracted great attention in scholarly research. In this article, a preference-based snowdrift game model on complex networks is proposed, where different combinations of enterprise reciprocity and risk preferences are introduced into the game model. The impact of these preferences on the sustainability of cooperation in mature and less-mature parks, characterized by different network styles, is examined through simulations. The investigation reveals that reciprocity and risk preferences have an effect on the sustainable emergence of enterprise cooperation under the constraints of a loss-to-profit ratio of cooperation, network average degree, and network style. Reciprocity preferences of enterprises are shown to have a greater impact on the sustainable emergence of cooperation than risk preference in two types of parks. Additionally, this advantage is more significant in less-mature parks. The results show the positive relationships between combinations of risk aversion and reciprocity preferences and the emergence of cooperation from a long-term perspective. This study concludes with a discussion of management suggestions and policy implications. The findings shed light on the understanding of the sustainable emergence of innovation cooperation in industrial parks.
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Li, Yi-Bin, Gui-Qing Zhang, Tung-Ju Wu, and Chi-Lu Peng. "Employee’s Corporate Social Responsibility Perception and Sustained Innovative Behavior: Based on the Psychological Identity of Employees." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 8604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corporate social responsibility refers to the voluntary promises made by an enterprise to achieve sustainable development. When enterprises conduct prosocial activities, they must consider the feelings of their employees including employees’ sense of identification and well-being. However, most existing corporate social responsibility studies have focused on the financial performance of enterprises; the effects of corporate social responsibility on employees have seldom been examined. Accordingly, this study conducted an empirical study examining the effects of employee perception of enterprise corporate social responsibility, employee well-being, and organizational identification on employee innovative behavior. A total of 431 valid questionnaires were retrieved. A structural equation modeling analysis revealed that a positive relationship exists between employee perception of enterprise execution of corporate social responsibility and employee innovative behavior. Furthermore, both employee well-being and organizational identification play mediating roles between the two variables. When conducting social responsibility activities, enterprises are suggested to inform their employees or even encourage their participation in their efforts to fulfill their social responsibility. Through interaction between internal and external stakeholders, substantial innovative behavior, beneficial for the subsequent development of enterprises, can be stimulated.
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Kovan, S. E. "FINANCIAL STATE AND SOLVENCY MONITORING AS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENT FOR DIAGNOSTICS HUI ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 3 (February 18, 2015): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2010-3-66-73.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of rising functional efficiency and assuring solvency of HUI organizations is discussed. Systematic analysis and financial state assessment, as well as monitoring these organizations constitute an important instrument in making timely managing decisions and preventing their insolvency. The article states main tasks and principles of conducting utility enterprise monitoring.
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Tsubov, Leonid, and Oresta Shcherban. "Methodical approaches to managing economic safety of tourism enterprises." Regional Economy, no. 1(95) (2020): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-1-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The set of scientific-methodological tools to secure the mechanism of economic safety management of tourism entrepreneurship is examined as an aggregate of methods, tools, and conceptual activities directed at maintaining the high level of economic safety of tourism entrepreneurship. The features of managing the tourism enterprise and economic safety are analyzed. The basic valuation principles of the reliability and efficiency of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise are determined. The basic tasks of ensuring the economic safety of a small enterprise are outlined. The need to use the integrated approach that secures more opportunities to avoid threats and limits the danger of their emergence is emphasized. The most important principles for securing the economic safety of the tourism enterprise on the microeconomic level are described. Possible practical methods of risk management for the implementation of adopted decisions are proposed. The paper proves the fact that the complex nature of the management of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise and securing the sufficiently efficient management system of detecting and eliminating the threats are provided by the establishment of the management of the economic safety system of the tourism enterprise and its functional components. Research of the methodical approaches to the management of the tourism enterprises’ economic safety allows building and describing the functional structure of the mechanism of management of the tourist enterprise’s economic safety (it is formalized and described by 5 functions: determination of aims; planning; organization and adjusting; motivation and stimulation; control and monitoring).
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Lutsiak, Vitalii, Taras Hutsol, Nataliia Kovalenko, Dariusz Kwaśniewski, Zbigniew Kowalczyk, Svitlana Belei, and Tatiana Marusei. "Enterprise Activity Modeling in Walnut Sector in Ukraine." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 13027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main goal of this study was to provide a critical analysis of the oil and fat sub-complex for deep walnut processing, to determine and compare the profitability of enterprises’ activities under different business models for implementation in the agro-food value chain. The latter was considered as an important factor for the development of the domestic market of walnuts and export opportunities. Business modeling of the enterprise activity in the oil and fat sub-complex for deep walnut processing was carried out. The stages of production and marketing activities of the enterprise from the garden planting or the purchase of the processed raw materials to the sale of the processed raw materials and products obtained from walnut processing depending on the chosen business model were considered. A comparative analysis of profitability of the enterprise activity and absolute values of income and profitability indicators under various business models of the enterprise activity were shown. The most cost-effective business-model entailed the combination of walnut production and its processing, which will provide profitability of up to 4640.32% in the 20th year of the project implementation. The results of the given study are intended for the agricultural enterprises of central region of Ukraine.
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Grzelak, Maria, Nertila Cika, and Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz. "INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF PUBLIC STATISTICS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2017.16.4.45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intensive promotion of innovative activities, especially in companies, has forced the creation of international monitoring systems. In Poland, the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and the Statistical Office [US] in Szczecin are currently investigating statistical innovations. The article attempts to evaluate the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Poland in 2005–2015. Attempts were made to answer the following questions: have the innovative activity of industrial enterprises increased in the period of Poland’s full membership in the EU structures, what are the effects of this activity, or are there visible trends in growth? The results of the research on the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Poland, implemented in accordance with the Oslo methodology under the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), were used to achieve this objective. The level of enterprise innovation in Poland is lower than in most EU countries. Improving the performance of innovation requires, on the one hand, greater involvement of enterprises and, on the other hand, public sector support, which plays a key role in creating the right knowledge and skills.
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Zarya, І. "Modern trends in management of economic security company travel." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 63 (2015): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2015.63.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Substantiates the main directions of the study of economic security of the tourist enterprise. The basic approach to the interpretation of the definition of “economic security”. The factors that should determine the vector of the basic provisions of the economic security of the tourist business. A number of effective measures to counter the negative impacts of socio-economic processes that affect the internal and external activities of the tourism enterprises and require constant monitoring and improvement.
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Kurniawan, Putu Sukma. "An Implementation Model of Sustainability Reporting in Village-Owned Enterprise and Small and Medium Enterprises." Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management 2, no. 2 (September 7, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28992/ijsam.v2i2.49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes the implementation model of sustainability reporting in village-owned enterprise (VOE) and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially in Indonesia. This research design is a qualitative descriptive study and literature research. This research was conducted at the village-owned enterprise and some small and medium enterprise in Tajun village, Buleleng, Bali. The process of this research is divided into initial research, data collection, create the sustainability reporting model, and the implementation of the sustainability reporting model. The methods of collected data are semi-structured interview, observation, and document analysis. Sustainability reporting model in village-owned enterprise and small and medium enterprises based on GRI G4 standard. There are five stages on sustainability reporting model for VOE and SMEs. The five stages are prepare stage, connect stage, define stage, monitoring stage, and reporting stage. Sustainability reporting on VOE and SMEs increases transparency towards stakeholders and improves the optimization of business process. This result indicated that VOE and SMEs can more contribute than other related business in sustainability context. The impact of this research can help more VOE and SMEs reach and build their sustainability in their business activities.
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Laumann, Felix, and Torben Tambo. "Enterprise Architecture for a Facilitated Transformation from a Linear to a Circular Economy." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The circular economy is central to the agenda of responsible production and consumption with propositions for the conservation of natural resources and a broader understanding of the obligations of enterprises and product developers. The circular economy is challenging traditional operating models of enterprises due to the need to manage larger parts of the product life cycle and value chains. A linear economy will normally address a smaller part of the life cycle. The operating models of companies are supported with respect to information and technology with an enterprise architecture model. This article examines the necessary steps for analysing and designing the enterprise architecture model, aiming to facilitate the transformation of an enterprise from operating in a linear to operating in a circular economy model. The fundamentals and requirements of the circular economy enterprise are extracted to isolate the design requirements for the operating model, entailing cross-enterprise collaboration, traceability, and a broader value chain understanding. Furthermore, it conceptualizes enterprise architecture and its role and importance in connecting business strategies and operating technologies. This article develops an enterprise architecture framework, named the Circular Economy Enterprise Architecture Framework (CEEAF), which can form and support the effort of transitioning companies or be embedded into existing enterprise architecture frameworks. The CEEAF differs from traditional enterprise architecture frameworks by addressing the broader responsibility of the enterprise, the extended enterprise, the elimination of end-of-life perspectives and mind-sets, and the capabilities of the individual enterprise and its design activities.
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Zhuravlyov, Vladimir, Tatyana Khudyakova, Natalia Varkova, Sergei Aliukov, and Svetlana Shmidt. "Improving the Strategic Management of Investment Activities of Industrial Enterprises as a Factor for Sustainable Development in a Crisis." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 6667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236667.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses the problem of improving the strategic management of sustainable development in industrial enterprises in Russia. The shortcomings of the strategic management of industrial enterprises are due to the fall in the growth rates of the world and domestic economy, international sanctions, and the specifics of the development of socio-economic relations in the Russian Federation. The main problem of the research is related to the imperfection of the strategic management of the investment policy of the enterprise, which leads to a slowdown in the development of the company and a decrease in competitiveness. The main goal of the presented research is to develop proposals for improving the strategic management model for the development and implementation of investment strategies of an industrial enterprise. Based on the analysis of theoretical sources, gaps in research related to the topic and objectives of this work are highlighted. The methodological base of the research is determined, the basis of which are: system theory, systematic approach to managing a company’s sustainable development, theory and practice of modeling, strategic management, investment design. The improved model is proposed, which determines the interdependence of the strategic management of investment policy and the sustainable economic development of the company, presents the algorithm for managing the process of developing investment strategies in an industrial enterprise. This mechanism takes into account the main indicators of sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. There are proposals to improve the management model of insurance reserves of the company, reflecting the strategic aspects of investment activities necessary for the successful implementation of the course on sustainable development in an industrial company. The obtained results were tested by a number of Russian enterprises, which led to positive results of their activities, contributed to more sustainable development and strengthening of competitive positions.
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Shnayder, Ol'ga, and Ol'ga Zemskova. "IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF MONITORING AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEBTOR ENTITY'S ACTIVITIES." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 3 (December 11, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-3-16-20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relevance of the article is that in the conditions of an economic downturn, it is necessary to comply with all the positions of legislative documents when determining the bankruptcy of an enterprise, as well as scientific analysis of its activities, provided that the annual, operational accounting, financial and tax reports are not falsified, is of fundamental importance.
The purpose of the study is to systematize the coefficients of the debtor entity's activity for the temporary arbitration manager over the past two years.
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Сергій Риндін-Баранов. "THREATS TO THE ENTERPRISE'S ECONOMIC SECURITY: CLASSIFICATION BY TYPES AND METHODS OF FORMATION." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2020.1.55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the economic essence of such an important component for any enterprise as economic security. The importance of protecting the enterprise from all sorts of threats, as well as the need for their constant monitoring, is substantiated. The need to ensure the economic security of the enterprise is determined not only at the enterprise level, but also at the state security level. Two main approaches to the definition of the concept of "economic security" were identified, on the basis of which a definition was given of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise" in modern conditions of functioning on the Ukrainian market. The term “threats” was analyzed, on the basis of which the term “threat to the economic security of an enterprise” was defined. A classification and ranking of threats was formed depending on their nature and the degree of danger they represent. Based on the classification of threats, it was concluded that, in addition to common global threats, threats for each enterprise have certain characteristics depending on its type and nature of activity. It was concluded that the factors of formation of dangers and threats to the activities of the enterprise can be considered from different points of view, depending on the sphere of formation, mechanisms of influence and the possibility of forecasting. Based on the above definition, the causes of global threats, as well as threats at enterprises, are formed, a classification of factors that form threats is given. Given the problems of industrial enterprises in Ukraine, specific threats to industrial enterprises were examined on the basis of criteria put forward by various scientists. It was concluded that threats to the economic security of the enterprise overlap and intertwine, which leads to certain difficulties in identifying them when constructing economic security systems and identifying the subjects and objects of economic security.
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Maltseva, M., and V. Savchenko-Belskii. "ORGANIZATION OF THE FINANCIAL MONITORING AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE TRANSPORT COMPLEX." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-1-78-81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The indicators of financial stability of the transport company, the role of financial recovery in the system of crisis management of the organization have been considered. The essence, goals and objectives of financial recovery have been analyzed. Methodological approaches to assessing the solvency of transport enterprises as part of the analysis of their financial and production activities have been proposed. The features of the management of the transport organization in conditions of uncertainty and risk have been revealed. The main causes of insolvency of transport companies have been considered. The factors influencing the formation of the financial policy of the enterprises of the transport complex have been traced. The importance of assessing the long-term prospects for the development of the enterprise, analyzing its capabilities, and the influence of external factors has been emphasized. The stages of improving the system of financial monitoring by a transport organization have been highlighted.
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Zhadko, Kostiantyn, and Dmytro Samoilenko. "Economic Security of Enterprises in the Conditions of Digital Technologies and Pandemic." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 5(38) (2020): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2020.5(38).170-176.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to solving scientific problems of economic security of economic entities of various forms of ownership, in particular in the conditions of digital technologies and pandemics. The essence of "economic security of the enterprise" is defined, the review of leading scientists-economists concerning the specified research topic is made. The significance of economic security of enterprises is substantiated, the ways of solving problems in activity of enterprises are offered. Based on the analysis of the publications of scientists, we have identified in the classical form: international, state, regional, sectoral, private or economic level of economic security. In our opinion, the economic security of any enterprise is an opportunity to carry out activities, maintain normal working conditions, development, and in cases of external and internal challenges, threats, risks, dangers to resist and resume their activities. Among the proposals to strengthen the economic security of each enterprise, we recommend: diversification and expansion of production, which will increase economic efficiency, namely the profitability of the enterprise, the range and additionally attract existing employees; reduce operating costs by optimizing online and offline operation, implementation of energy savings - day and night, etc; introduction of aggressive marketing, namely increase of net income due to occupation of new market segments; introduction of investment attractiveness of the enterprise, introduction of new technologies, creation of more qualitative production; input quality control of raw materials, control over technological operations, development of control system and quality assessment for individual technological operations - search for analogues; participation in exhibitions, presentations at various levels; constant monitoring and adjustment of data; conducting promotional discounts and attracting new potential consumers of the company's products
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SYSOIEV, Andrii. "System of controlling instruments operating activities of a trade enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12/3 (December 28, 2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.12(3).5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Scientists have already begun to apply actively controlling in various directions and spheres of activity of the enterprise. There is a need to identify structure of controlling instruments that can be used for trading company operational activity. It will deepen the understanding of controlling essence and will make it easier to implement. The purpose of paper is to identify varieties of controlling instruments operating activities of a trade enterprise. Results. In order to practically use systematic tools for product division functionality, in these own cases. Within the sales department propose to use pricing methods. When canceling marketing activities, they use the following tools: portfolio development methods; potential analysis Pilot method; Porter; benchmarking (the process of comparing objects of one enterprise with similar other objects of other enterprises); analysis of analytical shifts; map of strategic groups. Within the personal staff department, you can use your own strength and effectiveness of staff and motivation systems. In the control department of logistics are silent to create: remains a stock; ABC analysis; XYZ analysis. The grocery department was confident. Open procurement can be ABC analysis; XYZ analysis; known order optimization; confident stock level. Branch of appropriate management using design tools; accounting (management); process cost checking (activity-based costing); a sure fact regarding the life cycle (life cycle cost); direct costing; standard bone; transfer pricing methods; margin analysis; EVA, SVA, limit results analysis; functional-cost analysis, system of operation of operating system of ability; general intellectual ability management system; truth chain analysis; analysis of the chain of creation of additional information; comparison of results in chain actions; system of operational monitoring "plan-fact"; a system that considers the budget and remains important; system of regulatory calculation; analysis analysis; factor analysis; analysis of analytical shifts. All units can be used: PEST analysis; central security management; strategic gaps; analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the enterprise (trying to exploit the weaknesses in the enterprise and maintain the utilized potential potential); goal management system; activity based management (activity based management); system of balanced users; strategic maps; modeling; business process map; scenario method (situational approach to management decisions made in uncertainty. Forecasting the outcome of the situation); scenario method (situational approach to management decisions made in uncertainty. Forecasting the outcome of the situation); expert method; mathematical methods; Monte Carlo method; to divide a person by objects; sensitivity analysis; high efficiency of the unit; outsourcing matrix; control of "weak" signals; observation; cognitive conversation (individual and group); polls (written and oral); CAS polar solutions; experiment (natural and laboratory); testing; self-observation and self-reports. Conclusion. The proposed system of controlling instruments is adopted for the operating activities of a trading enterprise. It let to implement all the main functions of controlling.
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Il’ina, S. V. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-1-27-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considering any system, society, organization, region, industry, state, sooner or later the question arises about its effectiveness, in order to understand the possibility of continuing its development in the future in this direction. In economics, the concept of «efficiency» has gained the greatest importance and is considered from the point of view of the ability to meet the needs of society with limited resources. If we talk about the economic efficiency of an enterprise, we need to consider it as a complex indicator that depends on many variables, which requires the need to have sufficient information. In crisis conditions, the timeliness, reliability and completeness of information allow us to speak about the validity of the decisions taken. How quickly and correctly such decisions are made affects the future fate of organizations. And for this it is necessary to build a clear system of monitoring the activities of the enterprise as a whole. The purpose of the work was to determine the features of the economic efficiency of industrial enterprises, highlight the specifics of its monitoring, as well as the designation of the role of monitoring in strategic decision-making by authorities regarding the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises. Despite the study of the topic in the last decade, today it continues to be relevant, taking into account its features and requires further analysis. The relevance of the study is associated with increased attention to system-forming enterprises in a crisis.
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Yi, Joon-Bum, and Se-Hak Chun. "The Effect of Cash Incentive Projects on the Social Value Performances of Social Enterprises: An Empirical Analysis of SK’s Social Progress Credit in Korea." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 6310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social enterprises seek to maximize benefits to society and the environment while obtaining profits. Social enterprises are increasing in number; however, their size and growth rates are very small. In addition, many social enterprises face difficulties in obtaining profits through social activities that generate social value, even though they are supported by government policy. Previous research has focused on the relationship between social performance and financial performance, compensation, and policy making, as well as the effect of incentives on social performance within organizations. To our knowledge, there is lack of empirical research on cash incentives for activities that generate social value. This paper analyzes the behavior of companies with regard to fostering a social enterprise ecosystem and a cash incentive system for social enterprises. In particular, we investigate the relationship between SK’s cash incentive system, which is called social progress credit (SPC), and the activities of social enterprises, and we examine which social value activities are affected by a cash incentive system. Furthermore, through empirical analysis, this paper analyzes how the amount of cash for incentives is determined by specific social activities, such as social service performance, employment performance, environmental performance, and social ecosystem performance, as well as by the size of the social enterprise and its financial performance (i.e., revenue and net profit). The results show that employment performance is the most important factor for incentive payments, reflecting the social atmosphere and government policy in Korea, and that it can be a simpler measurement of performance than other social performance measures. Moreover, the results show that there is a significant positive (+) relationship between incentive payments and financial performance, such as sales and net profit of social enterprises. In addition, it was found that more incentives were paid to small social enterprises with higher sales growth.
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Riabkova, O. V. "GROUND OF BASIC ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF MACHINEBUILDING ENTERPRISES." Economic innovations 19, no. 1(63) (April 24, 2017): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.1(63).244-251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objectives of the article are to determine the main economic indicators of the effectiveness of machinebuilding enterprises in the monitoring system. To optimize, you need to know what is wrong or ineffective, so it is necessary to measure various aspects of business processes that reflect the performance of the enterprise. To do this, use the monitoring system of economic performance indicators of the enterprise. So in the article existing approaches to evaluating business performance and results analysis using their validity are generalized. the criteria of evaluation of integral index of effectiveness of machine-building enterprise are certain, and also his components that is determined by basic business processes and business processes of development. The partial indicators of effectiveness are considered in the context of three-dimensional criterion format "cost - time - quality". The criteria for indicators of the individual components and the integral performance indicator based on typical Harrington scale intervals are defined and meet the following levels: high, sufficient, satisfactory, inadequate and critical level. Evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed methodological approach provides a basis for defining a list of existing problems and providing substantiated proposals for the implementation of corrective and / or preventive measures aimed at improving the company's performance. Using such an assessment will provide managers with the opportunity to receive regular analytical information to monitor the performance of the enterprise, assess the relevance of the company's current activities to strategic goals and prospects of development, timely response to organizational changes. Prospects for further research, we see in determining the ratio of proposed performance indicators to the traditional economic indicators of machine-building enterprises.
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Chiao, Tina C. "The Correlation between R&D Activities and Income Rate in Addition to Gross Profit Rate of the Enterprise Operation." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.865.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the trading volume by institutional investors in Taiwans stock market increasing in recent years according to information of Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation, the influence on financial performance by the institutional investors is getting more and more important although institutional investors play a monitoring role to the company. Thus the impact of R & D activities on the financial performance of enterprises is studied frequently. This study focuses on the impact of R & D activities on income rate in addition to gross profit rate of the Enterprise Operation. The implication in practice is that business must attract research and development intensity (RDI) relative to research and development density (RDD) to improve future business value.
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AVERIKHINA, Tetiana, and Alina VLAIEVA. "Introduction of the adaptive management system at the enterprises of the tourist sphere." Economics. Finances. Law 12, no. - (December 2021): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.12.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. In the current situation, enterprises themselves must take responsibility for their competitiveness and market position, using all options for management systems, while stimulating the development of market relations in the field of tourism services. Businesses are required to find new, sometimes non-standard solutions and approaches. In this case, the management system should be viewed through the prism of the constant search for new adaptive forms that have focus, flexibility and diversity. The purpose of the paper is to scientifically substantiate the need for adaptive management systems and develop practical recommendations for tourism enterprises that have the potential to adapt to ever-changing operating conditions. Results. The process of adaptive management in a tourism enterprise should look like this: Step 1 – Involvement of stakeholders. Step 2 – Objectives. Step 3 – Management actions. Step 4 – models. Step 5 – monitoring plans. Step 6 – Decision Making. Step 7 – Further monitoring. Step 8 – evaluation. Step 9 – iteration – return to step 6. Thus, adaptive enterprise management is an ongoing process that requires a lot of effort and time. However, the results of its implementation should significantly improve the efficiency of the tourism enterprise. Conclusion. Adaptive management of a tourism business requires a much more open decision-making process in which stakeholders are directly involved and decision-making powers are shared between them. It also requires that the goals, assumptions and other elements of the decision-making process be clear and therefore subject to analysis and discussion. Finally, it requires a strong commitment from managers to the necessary monitoring and evaluation that underpins adaptive management, not as marginal activities but as essential elements of the process. There is no doubt that many, and perhaps most, projects in the tourism sector involve monitoring, and in some cases management actually takes into account the results of the monitoring. But this in itself is a long way from structured, adaptive decision-making in a learning-based environment.
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Кулакова, Юлия Николаевна. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 3(51) (October 22, 2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2020.3.078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Объектом исследования является стратегия операционной деятельности промышленного предприятия, воплощающая целенаправленный, качественно определенный способ реализации предприятием его операционной деятельности, выраженный в количественных показателях. Вид стратегии операционной деятельности определяется по данным управленческого учета в режиме мониторинга, и в случае необходимости он должен быть незамедлительно скорректирован, поэтому целью исследования является разработка алгоритма информационной поддержки соответствующих управленческих решений. Приведен обзор становления мировой цифровой экономики, а также тех возможностей, которые она предоставляет при управлении предприятием. Научная новизна исследования заключается в разработке алгоритма информационного обеспечения по реализации стратегии операционной деятельности промышленного предприятия, позволяющего регулярно оценивать эффективность используемой стратегии и устанавливать соответствие вида стратегии определенным параметрам, а также проводить корректировку вида стратегии операционной деятельности на основе экономико-математических методов. Эти процедуры будут способствовать повышению эффективности управления предприятием в современных условиях, характеризующихся высоким уровнем динамичности и информационной доступности экономических процессов. The author investigates the strategy of operational activity of an industrial enterprise which can be qualified as a qualitatively defined way of implementing its operational activities, expressed in quantitative terms. The type of strategy of operational activity is determined in the monitoring mode according to management accounting data, and in case of non-compliance with the specified parameters, the strategy can be immediately adjusted, which requires the development of an appropriate algorithm and information support. The implementation of the proposed concept of monitoring and adjusting the strategy of operational activity requires the use of modern corporate information systems by an industrial enterprise. The article provides a brief historical overview of the formation of the global digital economy, as well as those opportunities that it provides when managing an enterprise. The article proposes an algorithm of information support for the implementation of the strategy of operational activity of an industrial enterprise, which allows you to regularly evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy used and establish the correspondence of the type of strategy to certain parameters, as well as adjust the type of strategy of operational activity based on economic and mathematical methods. Implementation of the algorithm in practice is possible while using modern corporate information systems. The algorithm of information support for the implementation of the strategy of operational activity of an industrial enterprise can be used to increase the efficiency of enterprise management in modern conditions, characterized by a high level of dynamism of economic processes and information accessibility.
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Klius, Yuliia, Yevhen Ivchenko, Illia Morhachov, Marta Manukhina, Olha Serikova, and Mohamed Saad Hussein Ibrahim. "Identifying the Assessment Principles for the Tax Potential of the Industrial Enterprises in the Region." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n4p240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A special place in the industrial enterprise’s financial relations belongs to the relationship with the State budget and the earmarked budgetary and non-budgetary funds regarding the tax and fees charges and payments. These relationships arise from the moment the enterprise was created and continue throughout the entire period of its operation. Determining the amount of taxes and fees that an enterprise should pay based on the results of its activities, ensuring the timeliness and completeness of tax calculations, forming tax potential, assessing it and optimizing the tax burden (tax planning) are important areas of work for the financial services of an industrial enterprise.
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Zatonatskiy, D. "Diagnostics of Insider Risks and Threats in Personnel Security Management of the Enterprise." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 204 (2019): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2019/204-3/3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the Ukrainian enterprises it is most expedient to use the Bayesian model because it is simple in implementation, allows for the individuality of each employee’s activity and does not have ethical and legal constraints. Recommendations for introducing comprehensive and integrated personnel security systems for domestic enterprises to improve the practice of psychological diagnostics and monitoring of employee’s actions are given, in particular, improvement of systems for collecting information about employees’ behavioral indicators in the corporate environment and beyond. The necessity of using modern toolkit for diagnosing risks and threats, for instance, OCEAN and CHAMPION systems, is proved, that significantly improves personnel security management in the systems of economic safety of enterprises. It has been determined that according to the criterion of the expenditure, an effective toolkit for identifying insider risks and threats can be a model based on data on social and interactive activities of enterprise employees.
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Pakhucha, Ellina, Iryna Sievidova, Iryna Siadrysta, Leonid Mohilevsky, Tamila Oliynik, and Olga Bogdanovych. "Financial Risks in the Conditions of Unstable Market Economy." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The necessity and significance of financial risks, which are a constant factor in the activity of any enterprise, are substantiated. It is established that for a broader understanding of the essence of financial risk it is necessary to consider it as a cumulative risk of the enterprise. The growing impact of financial risks on the results of financial and economic activities is associated with the uncertain economic situation, the instability of financial market conditions, the rapid introduction of new financial technologies and financial instruments, expanding the scope of financial relations of the enterprise. A system of financial ratios has been formed to quantify the risk of enterprises of different sizes, namely for large, medium and small enterprises, which most accurately reflect the current financial situation. Has been proven that the growing pressure of the crisis and insecurity on the part of the state will lead to the transition from the crisis in which enterprises are today, to a state of economic bankruptcy. It is established that the first place among the blocks of financial coefficients of risk assessment of enterprises is occupied by the block of business activity, then the block of profitability indicators, the block of liquidity indicators, the final block of capital structure. For each of the defined blocks the directions of increase, or optimization that will provide financial stability of the enterprise are presented.
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Hou, Xiaohui, Bo Wang, and Yu Gao. "Stakeholder Protection, Public Trust, and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Listed SMEs in China." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 6085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we investigate the effects of stakeholder protection and public trust on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of listed enterprises on the Chinese Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Board. We find that the degree of stakeholder protection has a significantly positive impact on SME CSR activities. The public trust is not associated with SME CSR disclosure significantly; it has a significantly negative impact on the SME implementation levels of CSR activities. Furthermore, the moderating effect of public trust on the relationship between the degree of stakeholder protection and SME CSR activities is not supported by our empirical study.
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Dovgal, A., and N. Parkhomenko. "Formation of the financial and economic security system at the enterprise." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 72, no. 5 (2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.05.078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The necessity of formation of financial and economic security at the enterprise in modern conditions of unstable financial situation in the country is defined. The concept of «financial and economic security» is substantiated, especially that financial and economic security is the financial and economic condition of the enterprise, through which the financial and economic interests of the company should be protected from negative external and internal factors and create the necessary financial and economic conditions for continuous successful activity and sustainable development of the enterprise. Statistics on the difficult financial security situation for both enterprises and the country are presented. The main indicators of the system and components for the formation of financial and economic security at the enterprise are analyzed. It is determined that the main factors of financial and economic security of the enterprise are: the level of financial resources; stability and firmness of the financial condition of the enterprise; balance of financial flows; the nature of financial and economic activities of the enterprise and the degree of its efficiency. Stages of formation of financial and economic security are to determine the types and causes of negative impact on the company and determine its financial condition, assessment of the current level of its security. Indicators for assessing the efficiency of the enterprise and the current state of financial and economic security of the company are presented. All these measures are aimed at ensuring the balance and sustainability of financial and economic security of the company, which consists in the effective implementation of currency, investment, settlement, stock, monetary policies, etc. as a prerequisite for the effectiveness of economic activity of the business entity. The following ways of improvement of financial and economic system are offered: improvement of normative-legal protection of all spheres of activity; ensuring the reliability of staff; protection of information used by the enterprise; effective monitoring of finances and risks of financial activity; increasing financial stability and independence by ensuring the efficiency of core activities, competitiveness of products and / or services; the right choice of strategies for market behavior.
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Bradul, Alexander, Larysa Varava, Anatolii Turylo, Iryna Dashko, and Andrii Varava. "Forecasting the effectiveness of the enterprise to intensify innovation and investment development, taking into account the financial component of economic potential." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 13(112) (August 31, 2021): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239249.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study is devoted to the problem of analysis and forecasting of the effectiveness of the results of enterprises to ensure production and economic reserves to intensify innovation and investment development in the context of monitoring the state of their economic potential. It is the basis for the formation of endogenous and exogenous capabilities of the enterprise, aimed at achieving targeted results in each area of its activities. Creating favorable conditions for economic growth of enterprises based on the intensification of innovation and investment development requires the effective implementation of production programs using the financial component of economic potential. Based on the analysis of methodological tools for evaluating the activities of a mining and processing enterprise, formed a comprehensive methodology for quantitative and qualitative assessment of actual and projected values of performance indicators of the enterprise. It is based on determining the statistical probability of achieving a positive level of the indicator, the probability of its falling into a given interval of deviation from the recommended allowable values and an integrated assessment of the financial component of economic potential. Approbation of the developed technique is carried out within the limits of the express analysis of effective indicators of efficiency of activity of mining and processing enterprises. The results showed that with high reliability of the forecast (more than 0.85), the recommended values of the level of margin to achieve the desired efficiency are in the range of 8÷10 %. Within a sufficient level of reliability of the forecast (not less than 0.75), the recommended values of this margin are 10÷24 %. In this case, the integrated indicator of the assessment of the financial component should be more than 0.3
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Хуссейн Ібрахім, Мохамед Саад. "Tax planning methodology at an industrial enterprise." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 6 (270) (November 10, 2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2021-270-6-7-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tax planning at the micro level is defined as a system of measures of the enterprise aimed at maximizing the possibilities of current legislation in order to legally optimize tax payments; tax budgeting - a system of measures aimed at determining the planned amount of tax payments payable by the enterprise in future periods; calculation of current tax payments - a system of measures aimed at calculating the actual amount of tax payments payable by the enterprise in the current reporting period. Optimization of tax payments at the micro level involves compliance with such conditions of economic activity of the enterprise, under which the profitability of the industrial enterprise is approaching the maximum, and business risks - to the minimum. The goal of the article is to study the experience of organizing tax planning at industrial enterprises, the sequence of its stages; and propose a methodology for tax planning in an industrial enterprise. The proposed methodology of tax planning is based on system and project approaches, and, in particular, provides for: systematization of tax schemes and their selection according to the priority of use in the development of tax planning projects; selection of the optimal project on the basis of optimality criteria; comprehensive analysis of the tax field and the results of tax planning; current monitoring of the implementation of tax plans, the results of which offset the impact of negative factors through the use of backup and emergency projects. The methodology of tax planning at an industrial enterprise should be based on a systematic and project-based approach with the implementation of: systematization of the tax schemes and their selection according to the priority of use in the development of tax planning projects; selection of the optimal project, based on optimality criteria; comprehensive analysis of the tax field and the results of tax planning; ongoing monitoring of the implementation of the tax plans.Tax planning in industrial enterprises is a complex, integrated process, the rationalization of which should be based on a systematic approach using the achievements of economic, financial and legal disciplines. The introduction of tax planning in the management system of an industrial enterprise allows to make more meaningful conclusions about the further development of activities and reduce the risk of making wrong decisions in a particular problem situation.