Дисертації з теми "Enseignement supérieur – Recherche – Finances"
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Seyed, Rasoli Haniyeh. "Recent evolutions in the funding of public research : theoretical and applied analyses." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/SEYED_RASOLI_Haniyeh_2011.pdf.
This thesis analyses the ongoing evolutions of the funding of universities and public research organizations. We first document and analyse these evolutions. They point toward an increase in the mix of public and private funds, and the development of new external funding. We thus investigate theoretically how public and private funds are combined in the production of knowledge. We study thoroughly the questions of substitutability and complementarity between the different types of funds, and the consequences of shocks in the availability of those funding on the labs behaviour. We are also willing to assess the design of competitive public fund policies, through the set of incentives they create. We investigate this question in an empirical analysis on the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, where we portray the types of researchers who apply, as well as the selection made by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Ndiaye, Cheikh. "Stratégies et comportements de communication scientifique de chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales face à l’évaluation de la recherche publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2023. https://ged.scdi-montpellier.fr/florabium45//jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2023MON30038.
This thesis delves into the issues of communication and evaluation in the field of Information and Communication Sciences (ICS) research.Starting from the idea that science contributes to the progress of society by addressing its concerns - such as health, economy, etc. - various industrialized countries like France invest significant sums to foster its growth. These investments, in turn, lead to prescriptions aimed at ensuring efficient management and impact alignment with development objectives. Thus, the evaluation of public research and its valorization have been institutionalized. Their increasing importance has had disruptive effects on the scientific landscape, including university governance, their missions, relationships with the business world, and knowledge production. At the core of these changes, evaluation influences research policy directions, particularly the choice of thematic priorities and distribution of funding. It instigates a need for individual valorization, seemingly obligating researchers to incorporate the constructed quest for authority and scientific recognition more into their activities.Having always served as a regulator of competition among scholars and a means of disseminating their produced knowledge, has scientific communication become a strategic tool ? The aim of this research is to answer this question. Grounded in a psychosocial model, the Theory of Planned Behavior, it seeks to examine the construction of this possible behavioral change, based on motivation, attitude, perceptions of social norms, and the capacity to drive change and behavioral intention. It also aims to explore the links between these variables and the intention to adapt to evaluation, or even the final adopted behavior.The first part of the study lays the conceptual groundwork for the thesis by examining the relationships between the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), the scientific sphere, the economy, and public policies. It explores the duality between SSH and exact sciences, as well as the impact of digital technology on research. The second part focuses on the researcher as a communicator and subject of evaluation. It discusses various means of scientific communication, including publications, social media, and alternative media, as well as the social implications of communication in the academic domain. The third and final part examines the researcher as a central actor in research. On one hand, it delves into research evaluation aspects, including bibliometrics and university rankings. On the other hand, it presents theories of human behavior, the theoretical model, and research methodology. This enables the presentation of survey results obtained from researchers.In conclusion, the study highlights a constraining perception of scientific evaluation beyond the incentive to publish. It appears as a professional obligation, non-compliance with which can have adverse effects on one’s career. Researchers in SSH generally have a favorable attitude towards change, and the perceived social norms encourage them, while they have confidence in their ability to integrate prescriptions into their communication strategy. Consequently, SSH researchers intend to adapt by constructing adaptive communication, selecting prescriptions that suit them. Ultimately, their adopted behavior consists of formulating a case-by-case strategy based on peer-reviewed publication to obtain various benefits : scientific visibility and recognition, social integration, access to media and political authorities, access to administrative or scientific responsibilities
Smirnova, Maria. "Contrats de travail et problèmes d'allocation des ressources dans les universités russes - Une approche en termes des modèles multitâches." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00510024.
Camerati, Morrás Felipe. "Les universitaires britanniques face aux instruments d'évaluation et de financement de la recherche : les départements de géographie et d'informatique de deux universités face au Research Assessment Exercise et au full Economic Costing en Grande Bretagne." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0028/document.
In this thesis we study the effects of two policy instruments, the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and the full Economic Costing (fEC), on the management and the work of academics on English departments. From four case studies of four departments in two universities and two disciplines —Geography and Informatics—, this thesis shows that the two instruments studied have a structural effect on the formal organization of departments. Both instruments introduce financial language and monetary calculation in the relations of actors, they require the development of management tools and more broadly, they are involved in the managerialisation of universities. The RAE and the fEC, through the work of interpretation by the academics, simplify the demands of the environment vis-à-vis the departments. This allows the implementation of management tools whose objective are not only to legitimize the department vis-à-vis the external evaluators, but also to coordinate the work of academics. However, the RAE and the fEC have effects mainly in an indirect way. Instruments are not only interpreted at the departmental level, but they are also operationalized through management tools that open new spaces of academic freedom. The department organization is not determined by national instruments, but by negotiations that depend on the ability of academics to bring material and symbolic resources to the university. It can be collegial-managerial in departments that get good funding and good results in the RAE or hierarchical-managerial in those that are struggling to meet the expectations of the management of the university. In both cases, the academics retain a degree of autonomy
Perret, Cathy. "L'accès aux emplois en entreprise des docteurs scientifiques : les impacts des collaborations industrielles." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356530.
Dans cette perspective, la première partie est consacrée à l'élaboration d'un cadre d'analyse qui propose d'établir des liens entre le processus de production des connaissances, la formation et l'accès au marché du travail. Dans le premier chapitre centré sur l'analyse de la préparation du doctorat, nous définissons les attributs communs à tous les docteurs ès sciences, puis nous présentons les caractéristiques spécifiques engendrées par l'existence de collaborations industrielles. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'étude des déterminants de leur accès aux emplois en entreprise à partir de l'examen des théories du fonctionnement du marché du travail articulées avec les hypothèses avancées sur les caractéristiques des docteurs. Nous soulignons le poids des stratégies des diplômés relatives à leur formation et à leur quête d'emploi. Nous présentons également les influences possibles des stratégies de formation des docteurs par les entreprises, de leurs modes de recherche d'un salarié, de leurs politiques de gestion des chercheurs et de leurs modes de gestion des activités de R&D.
La seconde partie est consacrée à l'analyse empirique des effets des collaborations entre la sphère académique et l'industrie sur le devenir des docteurs et sur leur entrée en entreprise, notamment comme chercheur industriel. Cette analyse s'appuie sur des exploitations statistiques et économétriques de l'enquête du Céreq sur les diplômés de doctorat de 1994 et d'une enquête spécifique concernant plus de 250 équipes de recherche. Le troisième chapitre concerne ainsi l'étude des impacts des différentes formes de collaborations que les docteurs entretiennent avec les entreprises dans le cadre de leurs travaux de thèse. Le quatrième chapitre est dédié à l'analyse des effets des équipes de recherche et de leurs collaborations industrielles, c'est-à-dire des rôles d'intermédiaires qu'elles sont susceptibles de jouer sur le marché du travail (réseaux, signaux, etc.). Quant au cinquième chapitre, il approfondit les analyses en déterminant le poids respectif des collaborations des docteurs et de celles de leur équipe selon les disciplines.
Goudard, Mathieu. "Effets établissement dans l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1087/document.
The question of measurement and analysis of schooling effects takes place in the development of public policy evaluation, through the construction of quantitative indicators. We call schooling effects the measurable influence of an institution's characteristics on an output indicator. More precisely, we use multilevel models to link data we have at the institutionnal level to output indicators at the individual level.In the first chapter, we study the effect of universities characteristics on the earnings of their graduates by considering the analysis of the relation between quality of education and earnings. We find two effects : student get higher wages when they graduate from a more vocationnally oriented university but students graduating from universities where the student population is less favoured get lower wages.In the second chapter, we discuss the relevance of a modulation of the government fundings to universities based on job market integration criteria. We know that the individual characteristics of graduates are the main component affecting their integration. If we take into account the state of the job market, and the composition of the disciplines taught in institutions, it is hard to detect a specific effect of a university, and so to rank them according to such a criteria.In the third chapter, we propose to add to the human capital theory a grasp of social capital. We provide an illustration of this concept in the framework of scientific production by researchers in economics. By building indicators describing the publication habits within the institutions, we extend the question of schooling effects to the field of scientific research
Moussavou, Georges. "L'État et le système d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche scientifique au Gabon : contribution à une sociologie des institutions publiques." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0005.
Nguyen, Thi Thuc Uyen. "Interdisciplinarité dans un système de recherche universitaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/NGUYEN_THI_Thuc_Uyen_2005.pdf.
The thesis is interested in the incentives factors of the development of the interdisciplinarity in a university system. The principal objective is to understand by which means a university can support the development of interdisciplinary research. It consists in, on the one hand, confronting with the real dataset the assumption according to which the interdisciplinarity remains limited in university institutions and on the other hand, to analyse various forms of interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists and between the government and the university. The results obtained suggest that the traditional academic career incentives do not stimulate interdisciplinary research, the institutional cognitive and cultural obstacles persist. The results offers also some first clues for policy-makers to support interdisciplinary research
Benzagouta, Mohamed. "Une conception nouvelle de l'organisation et de la gestion des établissements algériens d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10032.
Morin, Yoann. "L’Université en ses territoires : l’Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche comme opérateur territorial." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH008/document.
This work deals with the territorialisation of Higher Education & Research (HER) outside metropolitan and urban areas. The construction of this thesis is based on theoretical and empirical dialogue between two problematic areas: one relating to the territorialisation of HER and the other relating to reshuffles and crises affecting local public action. By doing so, this work proposes to consider territorialisation of HER not only as a planning issue or variable but more in its participation in the development and collective action in the territories. Then, the author assumes the existence of “HER territorial operators” that will seek to mobilize the resources of HER as a part of local collective dynamics and construction and upgrading of “local resources”. These “operators” are considered as « composite organizations » including “actors”, “structures”, “practicals” and “procedures” that will contribute to the “stabilization of interactions” between territories and HER. In turn, this stabilization will contribute to specify territorialized HER’s activities and roles assigned to them. This first level of analysis prompts the author to question relational structuring between territories and universities from an organizational perspective, unlike many studies which have focused on the question of “cognitive synchronization” between actors from different social and professional spheres. Finally, this work questions the role of cooperation between « territorial developers » and actors and academic activities. It reads these cooperations as « institutional entrepreneurship » strategies allowing a part of professionals of territories to play with the vagueness that characterizes their work and to defend a particular conception clearly rooted in the collective action. In conclusion, the author invites to consider the territorialisation of HER in the diversity of its effects on territories and out of a vision exclusively linked to the concept of excellence
Lefebvre, Olivier. "Evolution des conceptions en physique d'étudiants de première année d'enseignement supérieur et réceptivité des enseignants du supérieur aux travaux de recherche en didactique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC306.
Researching levers which could be used to develop the use of didactics in higher education in physics is at the heart of this thesis. The first part exposes - the questioning of scientific knowledge (Newton laws) - some of the conceptions attributed to the students - the work on the main conceptual tests to highlight these conceptions - a few works on teachers' professional development The second part specifies the methodology used to adapt the selected conceptual test (Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation) so as to survey first-year students in French higher education. In order to gain a better knowledge of these "new students" (who have graduated since 2013), their results in this test have been compared to some sociological data, then to a previous study, and have lastly been used to highlight new knowledge on lines of argument used vis-a-vis the study of certain movements in physics. The third part - which is devoted to the analysis of the interviews with the higher-education teachers who had been confronted with the results of the students in the conceptual test - presents a rather fine evaluation grid which makes it possible to highlight some possible levers as for instance the existence of educational specialists' specific knowledge, which thwarts a "quick" interpretation of higher-education theachers. The third part ends with an outline modeling the different forms of knowledge involved
Henriquez, Sarella. "Problèmes de la recherche en éducation : production, diffusion, internationalisation, formation et pratiques éducatives." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H108.
Gatignol, Christine. "Réformes de l’enseignement supérieur et carrière des universitaires français : Choisir entre recherche de légitimité et recherche de plaisir pour construire son parcours professionnel." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAG008/document.
The professional environment of French academics is moving. Indeed, reforms implemented in the French public higher education system since the 2000's have been numerous. Three main reforms are taken into account in our work. The first reform centers on organizations and is called LRU (Law n° 2007-1199 - 10th of August 2007 relative to liberty and responsibility of universities). The second reform impacts the evolution of the academics' status (Statutory order n° 2009-460 - 23th of April 2009). The third reform concerns the research evaluation process (Law of program for research n° 2006-450 - 18th of April 2006). The system underwent transformations touching universities: its autonomy was widened; and academics: the possible paths of career were modified; individual and collective practices: the accountability was strengthened. As we met a lot of academics who seemed disrupted by the evolution of the context in which their career took place, we decided to try to understand what happening. It is consequently to the influence of the professional environment on the career pathways of individuals that we dedicate our Phd work. More precisely, we analyze if this environment influences the behavior of academics in terms of careers, and if yes how does this influence play. To do so, we study the behavior regarding mobility, three types of mobilities being studied: the functional mobility (Evolution of the contents of the professional tasks and the basket of activity), the vertical mobility (Promotion) and the geographical mobility (national and international). The thesis that we defend through our work is: The professional environment is a provider of rules and standards sufficiently stringent to influence the career paths of French academics through isomorphism mechanisms that we highlight, whether coercive, normative and mimetic. However, the presence of contradictions and / or ambiguities in rules offer individuals the opportunity to interpret them and gives them the freedom to follow them or not. It is the position of individuals, whether they aim at conforming to the professional environment or rather in search of fun that will decide the path of career. Finally, we support the idea that reforms have come to upset the priorities of academics that can create a break in their career paths
Kim, Seong-Ryong. "Recherche comparative sur les politiques de l'enseignement supérieur en France (1960-1997) et en Corée du Sud (1970-1997), face à l'enseignement de masse." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081601.
Moulin, Léonard. "Frais d’inscription dans l’enseignement supérieur : enjeux, limites et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131017/document.
Chapter 1 provides a critical and multidisciplinary review of the literature and identifies three motifs for the introduction or increase of tuition fees whose validity we question in each case. Chapter 2 examines the theoretical conditions that would make the establishment of tuition fees desirable, even when taking into consideration the existence of different social classes with distinct behaviors. Chapter 3 highlights the divergent nature of the results presented in the literature review before providing a typology of institutional contexts. The next three chapters provide the first study analyzing the effects of introducing tuition fees in the French university context. In chapter 4 we show that the introduction of tuition fees in University Paris 9 Dauphine strengthened the effects of social segregation and inequality. In chapter 5 we extend this approach to show that results developed in the theoretical literature, tuition fees do not increase the level of success. Finally, in chapter 6, we discuss the possible generalization of preceding results beginning by highlighting the unique nature of the students at University Paris 9 Dauphine when compared to the broader French academic landscape. The theoretical limits to the introduction of tuition fees (Part I), confirmed empirically (Part II), lead us to return in the last part of our thesis to the typology constructed in Chapter 3 in order to discuss how the “social democratic” institutional regime might help ensure equity, efficiency, and the funding needs of universities in the French context
Azizi, Ali. "Une recherche sur la mobilité sociale intergénérationnelle des enseignants-chercheurs en France." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL016.
This thesis examines the intergenerational social mobility of academic staff in France. A theoretical synthesis and a literature review were carried out. Then, qualitative and quantitative data was collected and analyzed from a sample of 433 male and female academic staff from six universities in France. Four generations were studied. Moreover, in order to refine our research , the gender issue and the professional trajectory of academic staff was analyzed. The results showed that academic staff has experienced upward social mobility compared to their parents and that their parents have experienced upward social mobility too. Specificially, we have demonstrated a coexistence between mobility, slelf-reproduction, and reproduction. So if mobility is due to many structural and nonstructural factors including family predisposition, secondary, institutional and anticipative socialization, institutional reforms, labor market and the generational effect, it is also due to the effects of alternation, biographical shocks, effects of context, significant others, and the exceptionality of professional and social trajectory. We should take into account not only the impact of existing ressources or primary socialization, but also a number of other factors that can have an influence throughout life. The results of this investigation suggest that we could progressively move away from the logic of the passive social agent towards an active, reflexive, and strategizing social actor
Perrinel, Michel. "L'apprentissage professionnel en alternance d'apprentis de l'enseignement supérieur français : étude des livrets d'alternance d'une licence professionnelle Assurances Banque Finances." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9909.
Hoefkens-Bilon, Isabelle. "Evaluation de la performance de la recherche universitaire française en Sciences Humaines et Sociales : observations, premières analyses et création d'outils pour l'aide à la décision publique." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10004.
Hammoud, Omar. "Management des unités de recherche : impact des dimensions individuelles et organisationnelles sur l'efficacité." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100036.
Study of influence of individual and organizational dimensions on the effectiveness and productivity of research teams in different socio-political (India, republic of Korea, Poland) and organizational (academic, national, industrial, contract institutions) contexts. The results show that the organizational dimensions constitute the principal factors influencing the effectiveness and productivity of research teams in various contexts examined. On the contrary, such dimensions as competence (measured by the number of years of education and experiences) do not play significant role in determining the effectiveness of research teams
Saenz-Diez, Eva. "La politique scientifique de l'Egypte de 1952 à la révolution informatique : recherche scientifique et enseignement." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082695.
This thesis covers higher education and scientific research but also teaching policy of Egypt since the 1950s. We first of all present a historical background in the introduction which covers the period from the beginning of 19th century to the middle of the 20th century. The first part of the thesis covers the Nasser era, (science and national progress). The second one covers the Sadate period, (science and faith). The third part, corresponds to Moubarak (science and the labour market). We approached the thesis with a transdisciplinary vision. In our analysis of the scientific policy of Egypt, one of the results that we raised is that the system set up under Nasser, lasts while deteriorating. We conclude on a pessimistic note, but that must nevertheless be moderated because it seems that there is a real awareness of the need to rectify this situation
Goudiaby, Jean Alain Luidevick. "Dynamique de construction et enjeux de développement du système d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche au Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20031.
Starting from the premise of a process creating of universities and research centers but also of the comprehension of the public action, this thesis answers the question of knowing, how is structuring and building today the system of higher education and research in Senegal. This process takes into account the system integration in the global context of transformation of knowledge, of universities and of research.Basing on comprehensive approach - through targeted interviews, of direct observations and analysis of reference documents -, the thesis shows that the dynamic of construction is based on three essential dimensions: the institutional or colonial heritage, the cultural heritage and the market logic. The market logic allows the displacement of the borders while introducing a porosity of spaces standardization, of certification and regulations.This thesis shows, through the transformation of the system subjected to different stress levels and varied, that this dynamic of construction is based on a dual logic, that of "reasoned dissociation", which allows the articulation of three dimensions and which gives a peculiarity to the Senegalese higher education and research system
Manzo, Danielle. "La création d’un doctorat en ligne en Sciences de l’Éducation : analyse d’une expérimentation conduite entre 2010-2016." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080133.
The relations created by the phenomenon of new technologies, shake our benchmarks, we enter a new era, where everything should be thought in this transition. The doctorate is led to evolve, to be thought differently. The creation of the online doctorate opens new working hypotheses. This thesis analyses an unprecedented educational experience (2010-2016), relating an online doctorate and the pedagogical question of the 3rd cycle in education sciences. This thesis testifies of an ongoing innovation and is consistent with the Institutional Analysis logic. To date, no other experience of creating an online doctorate in education sciences in French-speaking countries has been recorded. This object of research is therefore totally new at the doctorate level within French-speaking countries. As such, it is a prospective thesis in the sense that there is not, yet, no research on e-learning at doctorate level in education sciences. This thesis, as an experimentation, is a pioneer. The author is a full member of the ethnomethodological theory. As an observer in an action-research project, she could take on the role of clinical ethnographer in the face of the implementation difficulties encountered. This failed experiment was considered an attempt, a passage, a rough draft from which to learn. How to develop this project and overcome the problems encountered? Which framework develop so that PhD students, teachers get involved or feel involved in building the community of reference? How could the idea of an online doctorate be extended to other fields? In relation to the new reform of universities, could not the theses in validation of prior experience (Validation des acquis de l’expérience) be linked with this kind of online thesis? This thesis will try to answer this. It brings news elements into the field of research and develops a reflection in order to overcome the problems encountered for a pedagogical advance
Moulin, Léonard. "Frais d'inscription dans l'enseignement supérieur : enjeux, limites et perspectives." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016251.
Vieira, Salazar Jaime Andrés. "La responsabilité sociale des universités publiques colombiennes : la cas de la fonction de recherche de l'université publique de Manizales." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUED001.
Right understanding of public universities' responsibilities in economic, political and social contexts will lead inexorably to positive change in the provision of university's services. The university social responsibility - USR - approach seeks precisely that : the approach of the university with the expectations and requirements of society. This thesis is built around the following research question : Does the Colombian public university behave in a socially responsible way to respond the definitive stakeholders principal expectations ? For purposes of this thesis the study has bee, limited geographically, institutionally and functionally, so that research is about social responsibility in public universities in the city of Manizales (Colombia). The Colombian public university appears with little legitimacy and with a growing disruption between the university and the productive sector, what creates the idea that public university has been loosing its public mission. However, Colombian public universities are just entering into this tendency with a growing interest in USR approaches. Nevertheless, developments in USR are incipient. The thesis proposes an appropriate management model o USR for the universities under study in order to contribute to their stakeholder's identification and classification ; the determination of socially responsible behaviors ; and the establishment of a relationship between the public universities socially responsible offer with stakeholder's principal expectations and needs?
Davous, Dominique. "Analyse d'un système d'enseignement supérieur : le premier cycle d'études médicales (première année et concours), recherche et expérimentation sur l'enseignement de la chimie à finalité biomédicale." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2022.
Bourque, Claude Julie. "Le changement comme tradition dans la recherche et la formation à la recherche en biotechnologie et en périphérie étude de cas en sciences de la santé, sciences naturelles et génie." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/962.
Ben, Messaoud Taher Mohamed. "Programme pour développer les compétences pédagogiques nécessaires aux enseignants universitaires en Libye." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20011.
As a general idea, this work is related to the important of pedagogical competences of the university's teaching personnel in a country in the process of development such as Libya. This essay is presented into three parts and consist the conceptualization. The four first chapters are coving the was mentioned by Peter Woods "the ethnography of school" that lead us to start a second part of the work concerning the "in-field" study. It covers the interviews with the university teachers in various universities in Libya. In the third part we have taken into account the proposed program for an evaluation of the professional competences necessary for the university teaching force in Libya. We hope that this study could by quite useful and a value in all pedagogical field as it covers the opinions of the teaching community. It has improved our personnel Knowledge of the situation at the sometimes
Goudiaby, Jean Alain Luidevick. "Dynamique de construction et enjeux de développement du système d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche au Sénégal." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20031.
Starting from the premise of a process creating of universities and research centers but also of the comprehension of the public action, this thesis answers the question of knowing, how is structuring and building today the system of higher education and research in Senegal. This process takes into account the system integration in the global context of transformation of knowledge, of universities and of research.Basing on comprehensive approach - through targeted interviews, of direct observations and analysis of reference documents -, the thesis shows that the dynamic of construction is based on three essential dimensions: the institutional or colonial heritage, the cultural heritage and the market logic. The market logic allows the displacement of the borders while introducing a porosity of spaces standardization, of certification and regulations.This thesis shows, through the transformation of the system subjected to different stress levels and varied, that this dynamic of construction is based on a dual logic, that of "reasoned dissociation", which allows the articulation of three dimensions and which gives a peculiarity to the Senegalese higher education and research system
Didisse, Jonas. "Essais sur l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche : capacités d'accueil, frais d'inscription et mobilité internationale." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR067/document.
In a context of internationalization of higher education and research, we focus on two issues related to the recent dynamics of national university systems. First, from a supply microeconomic approach, we show that the level of public intervention and the non-rigid capacities of institutions explain the divergence of tuition fees between regulated and deregulated university systems. Then, from a macroeconomic demand approach, we try to underline the inelasticity of the demand from gravity models with non-price determinants of international student mobility
Marou, Sama Kadijatou. "Les carrières des chercheurs et les politiques d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche au Niger." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0113.
This thesis is investigating the construction of scientific careers of researchers and academics in Niger, a « small » scientific country. We try to understand the main determinants of career choices et means used to do their studies and continue in performing research. Our investigation is based on qualitative field work done in Niger in three institutions : Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey (UAM), Institut National de Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN) and the Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le Développement Local (LASDEL).With interviews and life stories in a sample that represents around 15% of researchers of the country, we examine their trajectories and professional experiences, as well as their opinions on the institutions and research activities in the country.The main research results show that the State of Niger, through its programming policy until the early eighties had promoted training of a great quantity of young people in foreign countries towards higher education, in order to create its own public service. These persons continue their research activities in the same disciplinary domains they were trained, when returning in Niger. When programming existed, the State chose the domains and the institutions in which they would pursue their professional activity. In this way research slowly took roots in the national institutions and the university. After the crisis and structural adjustment programmes, the State had to abandon this programming activity. Scholarships were no more a means to secure a job and didn’t guarantee one would find a position into the higher education system or research.Nonetheless, the very bad salaries and working conditions have changed, largely because of the pressure of the professional union of university personnel. Today the State of Niger is paying close attention to the working conditions of the university and attributes also funding to research, and even if these funds are insufficient, they permit to undertake some research, often in close collaboration with foreign partners as is evidenced by the growth of scientific publications
Al, Ghawiel Saïd. "L’application de la démarche qualité dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche et son impact sur la performance : étude comparative entre les universités de Gharyan, Zantan et Nalut en Libye." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUH065.
The education and higher education and scientific research system in Libya has gone through phases linked to its political and socio-economic history. The need for the development of the education system has increased since independence, which was marked by the founding of the first Libyan university in 1955. Since the Bologna process, Libya has embarked on a process quality to meet the requirements of its socio-economic needs while respecting the constraints related to expenditure and the achievement of set objectives. The evaluation of performance is thus a challenge both theoretical and empirical to measure the ability to achieve desired results and the good use of resources. This research work is based on the comparative study of three Libyan universities in order to assess the application of the quality approach in relation to the effectiveness of the quality management system and training, the performance culture and its measurement, the quality of infrastructure, funding, employability, human values, social justice, the quality of cultural and scientific activities, local and external communication, the university's innovation initiatives, the relationship between university and society, the quality of scientific research and the response to socio-economic needs. To this end, we carried out a comparative study between the universities of Gharyan, Zantan and Nalut in Libya by attempting to highlight two different perceptions of the notion of quality, one economist and the other sociological. We conclude this research by postulating that it is preferable to adopt a middle position, or a position of compromise between "technicist" managerial approaches and more humanistic approaches
Cheshmeh, Sohrabi Mozaffar. "La communauté scientifique à l'ère d'Internet : communication, usages et changements : le cas de la communauté scientifique grenobloise en sciences de la nature." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39030.
This research studies the scientific communication as a whole, which is an old and permanent need, in the heart of the professional life of the researchers. The characteristic of this study is not to focus on only one of the vectors of information and communication, but to be interested in them as a whole and the changes which occur in the professional life. To carry out this analysis in Communication and Information Sciences, this research lies within the theoretical framework of the sociology of the uses (innovation, diffusion & appropriation approaches) and aims at studying five assumptions : wide diffusion of computer and the Internet; relation between technical dimension and social dimension to contribute to the construction of the uses of the search engine "Google" ; individual cognitive dimension as essential in the construction of the uses; the speciality of the researchers not discriminating in the vulgarizing of the services of information and communication ; and the use of the Internet bringing changes in the professional practices. The working method is based on a qualitative investigation by semidirected interviews amongst researchers in sciences of the nature work. Ing in public institutions of Grenoble. The sample consists of 75 researchers belonging to 15 research laboratories. This study leads to three essential contributions : a modelling of the process of social appropriation of the technical abjects; elements of a socio-cognitive approach of the uses and a modelling of the strategy of information retrieval on the Web
Denis, Jean. "La dérogation dans le système universitaire : le régime spécifique des instituts." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020084.
Manzo, Danielle. "La création d’un doctorat en ligne en Sciences de l’Éducation : analyse d’une expérimentation conduite entre 2010-2016." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080133.
The relations created by the phenomenon of new technologies, shake our benchmarks, we enter a new era, where everything should be thought in this transition. The doctorate is led to evolve, to be thought differently. The creation of the online doctorate opens new working hypotheses. This thesis analyses an unprecedented educational experience (2010-2016), relating an online doctorate and the pedagogical question of the 3rd cycle in education sciences. This thesis testifies of an ongoing innovation and is consistent with the Institutional Analysis logic. To date, no other experience of creating an online doctorate in education sciences in French-speaking countries has been recorded. This object of research is therefore totally new at the doctorate level within French-speaking countries. As such, it is a prospective thesis in the sense that there is not, yet, no research on e-learning at doctorate level in education sciences. This thesis, as an experimentation, is a pioneer. The author is a full member of the ethnomethodological theory. As an observer in an action-research project, she could take on the role of clinical ethnographer in the face of the implementation difficulties encountered. This failed experiment was considered an attempt, a passage, a rough draft from which to learn. How to develop this project and overcome the problems encountered? Which framework develop so that PhD students, teachers get involved or feel involved in building the community of reference? How could the idea of an online doctorate be extended to other fields? In relation to the new reform of universities, could not the theses in validation of prior experience (Validation des acquis de l’expérience) be linked with this kind of online thesis? This thesis will try to answer this. It brings news elements into the field of research and develops a reflection in order to overcome the problems encountered for a pedagogical advance
Izedaren, Fayçal. "Les formes de la contestation sociale en milieu universitaire en Algérie." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084093.
As the title of the present thesis suggests, we discuss in this paper the social protest in Algeria in the university environment. We discussed the institution as a whole, including the process of enlargement of the university network, and the process of university reforms and the socio-political transformations of the university in relation to society, by adopting a descriptive and historical approach. We analyzed the process of forming of social protest ways in the university through the action of the student organizations and teachers' unions, and identified new forms and methods of protest. Our analysis shows an unprecedented ampleness of the University anomia. This research also focuses on relationships of the protest movements with the institutions and the authorities by showing their effects mainly through sociopolitical transformations. We will use descriptive and historical analysis methods to shed light on the studied university field and the historical events. We will also describe the process of teaching and trainings as well as the development of protest structures in the university field in Algeria
Ghezaiel, Emna. "De l'institution en arts plastiques." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010541.
Levy, Rachel. "La Place de la recherche universitaire dans les systèmes d'innovation : une approche territorialisée." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/LEVY_Rachel_2005.pdf.
This PhD thesis is a study of the place of public research in the (regional and national) innovation systems. Indeed we integrate economics studies about the increasing number of collaborations between universities and firms, the role of geographic localisation of economics activities and the fact that knowledge is produced in localised innovation systems. With empirical contributions in the frame of the French innovation system, but also in the case of Alsace region, we will look for the relevant level of analysis (regional or national) in which the place of university must be study. We also, study the role of proximity (in a polysemic conception and not only geographic) during interaction between universities and firms. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of one of the central mission of university: research. The second is concentred on the role of proximity within innovation systems. In the third chapter we test empirically, the relevance of the concept of regional innovation system by using a particular indicator of the existence of collaborations between universities and firms: the realisation of PhD thesis in firms through the CIFRE system. The fourth chapter is focused on the case of University Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg. We study more particularly the collaboration of this university with private sector. Finally in the last chapter, we analyse the results of a questionnaire send to the global set of actors that have make a CIFRE PhD in Alsace
Giret, Jean-François. "De l'enseignement supérieur de masse à l'économie de la connaissance : la valeur des diplômes en question." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642486.
Aussel, Lucie. "Évaluer les dispositifs : le cas d'un dispositif de formation de l'enseignement supérieur agricole." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20138/document.
The aim of this thesis is to construct a model for evaluating training programs and to check its relevance by confronting it with empirical data. We conducted this intervention-research in the framework of a call for proposals and evaluated a social experiment bearing the characteristics of a training program. Within this context of commissioned research, we explain the emergence of an area for the research and articulation of a social dimension (for praxeological purposes) and an academic dimension (for heuristic purposes). The evaluation model is based on the method of accountability but also on the development of the actors involved. It mobilizes two different methodological orientations: “acquiring knowledge to objectify” and “acquiring knowledge to interpret”. The first takes a quantitative approach and measures the efficiency of the program; the second completes the first and facilitates its interpretation. The second orientation takes a qualitative approach measuring the cognitive developments of the training beneficiaries, characterizing the unexpected effects and efficiency as perceived by the actors involved. Thanks to the data analysis, we have been able to consolidate certain elements of the model, highlight some of its limits and offer some leverage points to help stabilize it. We propose adding a component to the second orientation “acquiring knowledge to interpret”, in order to focus on the analysis of change in the implementation of the program. Likewise, we provide five methodological, axiological, heuristic, epistemological and political leverage points which strengthen the general coherence of the model. The evaluation model has withstood the confrontation with empirical data
Mariko, Ousmane. "L'insertion professionnelle des diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur au Mali : cas de la politique d'aide à l'entrepreneuriat." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839617.
Mocquet, Bertrand. "La gouvernance universitaire et l'évolution des usages du numérique : nouveaux enjeux pour l'Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche français." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30045/document.
We see that universities are confronted with a double movement of society on their organization, necessitating a change. The first concerns the changing institutional environment since the Law Higher Education and Research in 2013 : shift to responsibility and broadened competencies, strong budgetary constraints, social evolutions of learners, new managerial practice in the public sector. This first movement provokes for us a paradox: the birth of a phenomenon of institutional isomorphism, the behavior of universities converge even though each of them tries to be more attractive than the other on the market of training all the way long life. In addition, a second movement, involving the players and users of universities, appears in relation to the uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in society: the ease of access to knowledge through new platforms, the adoption of ICTs in society catalyze this. In response to these two movements, we believe that universities are changing. And we want to study how the evolution of digital uses leads to the need for digital university governance. We will try to show that the instability brought about by the arrival of digital in the universities is an opportunity to evolve the university system to the point of creating a new equilibrium point based on a new governance : digital university governance . This would allow the development of the digital uses of all the players, thus placing the establishment in a better position in a more competitive environment, while improving its functioning. For this we will construct the analyzes from several complementary fields, not for the sake of comparing land, but rather a partial verification of one or more hypotheses within each of these five observations. On the basis of the analyzes of these experiences and the questioning of this notion of digital university governance, this thesis wishes to contribute to the reflection on university governance so that they can better understand higher education in the 21st century
Lafon, Sophie. "L'Université dans la métropole : la Communauté Urbaine et l'Université de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0594/document.
The purpose of this reseach is to study the emergence of French metropolitan governments, from the exempleof Bordeaux, as actors of higher education and research policymaking. In a context of devolution thatstrengthens local governments, of a knowledge economy and knowledge society, of universities interactingwith their local environment, metropolitan governments have developped their intervention capacity in thefield of higher eduction and research. With new interventions and strategic plans, their actions have had animpact on the cooperation between local governments and the harmonization of their political strategies, thuspaving the way for a governance of higher eduction and research policies at a metropolitan level
Filimonova, Ekaterina. "« Université-monde » : l'internationalisation des politiques universitaires en France et en Russie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0452/document.
The thesis is devoted to a topical issue of universities reorganization in condition of internationalcompetition of university systems characteristics. In our research we consider the internationalizationas a catalyst, on one hand, and as an analyzer of changes in university systems, on the other hand. Forthe purpose of studying these changes, we appeal to B. Jobert’s and P. Muller’s concept ofréféréntiél. The basis of our hypothesis is the fact that since the middle of 2000s we could witness аcreation of a new référéntiel of a « competitive university » that could set a new standard of a“world-class university” in the nearest future. Even though this référentiel is common for manycountries, it presents some particularities when applied to different levels of university systems.Thus, in the first part of the thesis we would like to present the main principals of a new socialrepresentation system in terms of higher education and research. In the second part of this work, wehave recourse to a field study in order to explore if the référentiel changes in reality
Casta, Aurélien. "Le financement des étudiants en France et en Angleterre de 1945 à 2011 : le student finance, l'award et le salaire étudiant et leur hégémonie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100086/document.
The thesis deals with student funding policies in France and England and the debates that they raised since the post-war years. It answers two main questions. By using the approach of the social policies sociology, it compares the systems of proposals and policies – the student finance, the award and the salaire étudiant – which have shaped higher education since 1945 in both countries. By using the concept of hegemony that Antonio Gramsci thought it at the beginning of the 20th century, the thesis shows the decision-making process that lead to these proposals and policies. Our materials are composed of the available statistical data, the student union archives, the governmental reports and the documents diffused by the groups involved in the sector. The thesis deals with four periods – two in each country – and describe the debates, the conflicts and the policy which took place. It shows that those funding systems are founded on different measures: tuition fees, loans and grants for the student finance; the public funding of maintenance and fees for the award; free higher education and wage for the salaire étudiant. It also shows that they are supported by specific representations of students and the value of their work and specific types of funding and decision-making process. It shows finally that the spreading of these ideas in the public debate and the development of these institutions inside the sector make possible the shaping of their policies and of their hegemony
Desjacques, Catherine. "Le fundraising dans l'enseignement supérieur en France : identification à l'école, capital social et don de l'ancien élève : proposition d'un modèle explicatif et la générosité des diplômés." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E081.
With the challenges of worldwide competition and the decline in financial support from the State, fundraising is now a priority for French Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Schools and universities are striving to implement alumni fundraising policies based on the methods of American universities. However, is the American way of fundraising likely to succeed in a country where, unlike in the United States, there is no real tradition of philanthropy? Our research focuses on the deep motivations of alumni donors. It more specifically focuses on organizational identification (Ashforth and Mael, 1989), as this concept is an important factor in predicting alumni loyalty (Mael and Ashforth, 1992), as well as on social capital (Bourdieu, 1980). We hypothesize that the mobilization of social capital by the alumnus (Adler and Kwon, 2002) mediates the link between identification with the school and donation. We develop a scale for each construct: identification with the school, social capital and donations (time, competencies, money) of the alumnus. The chain from identification to donation is tested on two alumni samples from a business school: donors and non donors. The strength of identification with the school directly affects the creation of social capital (identification is an antecedent of social capital). The mobilization of his/her social capital by the alumnus directly affects the donation of time and money to the school (social capital is an antecedent of monetary generosity). Our main results reveal that the alumnus is a donor if they identify with the school with a community perspective rather than with a statutory one. The mobilization of social capital is a factor in predicting donation or non donation, not the level of generosity
Béru, Laurent. "Une histoire du discours critique nord-américain en communication : réseau(x) généalogique(s) entre radicalisme et modération." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030060.
This article is devoted to the genealogy of North-American academic’s critical thought within communication studies – and media studies or journalism studies. Through the sociology of science, the study suggested underlines relationships between the ascending and downward generations of critical scholars. While taking for example of academic headlights – from Herbert Schiller ou Robert McChesney – and of principal North-American faculties where critical courses are taught in communication studies – in Urbana-Champaign or in Burnaby –, joined together by the conferences of scientific associations, we are interested to recall the construction and development of dissenting thought in university – (neo)marxist or simply progressist. Our research takes into account from critical genesis (1950-1970), personalized by those who made pioneer critical research in political economy and cultural studies, until critical apogee (1980-2000), symbolized by two new generations of scholars. At the time of the production of the scientific knowledge, it appears obvious that intergenerational logic, theoretical approach and ideological activism are supplemented
Bart, Daniel. "Les modes de valorisation de la recherche en Sciences de l'éducation et le développement professionnel des enseignants-chercheurs de la discipline." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349776.
Les enquêtes réalisées ont tout d'abord contribué à accroître le degré d'intelligibilité des activités de valorisation et à caractériser les compétences et les savoir-faire que les universitaires estiment requis pour les mettre en oeuvre. Par-là même, la diversité des voies d'acquisition et de consolidation de leur professionnalité en la matière est également mise en exergue. Ainsi, cette recherche met en évidence différentes figures de développement professionnel, promues au sein de la communauté de pairs et définies par des configurations spécifiques d'activités, de compétences et de valeurs attachées au rôle de la valorisation des travaux dans l'environnement scientifique et social des Sciences de l'éducation. En ce sens, cette thèse caractérise la tension des démarches d'évaluation et de régulation réalisées par les instances internes au groupe professionnel entre reconnaissance de certaines variantes dans le développement professionnel et préservation de l'unité de la professionnalité d'universitaire. L'enjeu de l'évaluation des modes de valorisation serait par-là même de générer une communauté professionnelle tout en permettant aux enseignants-chercheurs d'assurer la diversité des tâches effectivement requises par le métier, de faire face à leurs nouvelles missions et de contribuer au renouvellement des paradigmes et des terrains de recherche.
Lussier, Sacha. "Les enseignants-chercheurs en gestion à l'épreuve des nouvelles injonctions institutionnelles en matière d'évaluation : une étude France-Québec." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023648.
Bourgin, Joëlle. "Les pratiques d'enseignement des personnels universitaires dans le contexte de la massification : L'université se scolarise-t-elle ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12012.
Since the 1960s (and particularly from the mid-1980s) similar to secondary and high school level education, DEUG courses (the first two years of university) have seen their public and their teaching staff increase exponentially and radically change .ln their profiles and approaches. The recent decrease in the number of university students, despite allowing for fewer constraints in certatn sectors, points to some qualitative dimensions in the phenomenon of massification. On a background of hierarchical structure wilthin higher education and of difficulties of entering the job market, the institution also faces a diversification of its missions. We explore the way in which academic practice their profession in this context, in front of students from several DEUG (mainly history, physical sciences and psychology). After having established the lack of literatur on the issue, the regulatory evolutions defining the framework of teaching practices are examined. Based on monographic studies (direct observation .and interviews), this thesis show how the collective organisation of the work, the relationship to the students and the handling of knowledge are all laced with tensions between divergent types of symbolic enrolment; which are identified by Lise Demailly as respectively 'academic' ("universitaire"), 'educational' ("scolaire") and 'contractual'. We conclude With a de-synchrorisation between practices and representations among the different protagonists (e.g. academics, students and lnstitutional actors) and the social worlds involved
Boittout-Camus, Esther. "Création d'entreprises à technologie innovante, entre recherche et industrie : le cas d'Acceval, incubateur régional de Haute Normandie." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL549.
This search concerns the entrepreneuriat with innovative technology favored by Acceval, the Regional Incubator of Upper Normandy. This public incubator has for objective to encourage the valuation of the potential of research for the regional higher education, through the creation of technical and innovative companies. The interest of this structure is that she allows to observe a new approach of the innovation processes. Our search is about an empirical study of five projects selected in incubation. To have a global vision of the process of incubation, the operated method was three-dimensional. It consisted in identifying the context of each projects, the innovative and commercial processes of creation, and the words which are used in incubation. We would like to understand how Acceval operates to accompany the transformation of a concept of innovative technology towards the creation of a commercial company