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1
Subach, Oksana M., Aleksandr Tashkeev, Anna V. Vlaskina, Dmitry E. Petrenko, Filipp A. Gaivoronskii, Alena Y. Nikolaeva, Olga I. Ivashkina, et al. "The mRubyFT Protein, Genetically Encoded Blue-to-Red Fluorescent Timer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genetically encoded monomeric blue-to-red fluorescent timers (mFTs) change their fluorescent color over time. mCherry-derived mFTs were used for the tracking of the protein age, visualization of the protein trafficking, and labeling of engram cells. However, the brightness of the blue and red forms of mFTs are 2–3- and 5–7-fold dimmer compared to the brightness of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). To address this limitation, we developed a blue-to-red fluorescent timer, named mRubyFT, derived from the bright mRuby2 red fluorescent protein. The blue form of mRubyFT reached its maximum at 5.7 h and completely transformed into the red form that had a maturation half-time of 15 h. Blue and red forms of purified mRubyFT were 4.1-fold brighter and 1.3-fold dimmer than the respective forms of the mCherry-derived Fast-FT timer in vitro. When expressed in mammalian cells, both forms of mRubyFT were 1.3-fold brighter than the respective forms of Fast-FT. The violet light-induced blue-to-red photoconversion was 4.2-fold less efficient in the case of mRubyFT timer compared to the same photoconversion of the Fast-FT timer. The timer behavior of mRubyFT was confirmed in mammalian cells. The monomeric properties of mRubyFT allowed the labeling and confocal imaging of cytoskeleton proteins in live mammalian cells. The X-ray structure of the red form of mRubyFT at 1.5 Å resolution was obtained and analyzed. The role of the residues from the chromophore surrounding was studied using site-directed mutagenesis.
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Abd Rahman, Muhammad Khairie Idham, Mohamad Shukri Zainal Abidin, Salinda Buyamin, and Mohd Saiful Azimi Mahmud. "Enhanced Fertigation Control System towards Higher Water Saving Irrigation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i3.pp859-866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<span>Water saving in agriculture is increasingly important due to critical issues of water and climatic crisis. The focus of agricultural researches nowadays is to minimize the water consumption and at the same time increasing the agricultural yield. This paper presents the three-types of automatic fertigation controller for irrigation system with different application tools. A weather station, soil moisture and timer based system were used to determine the volume of water supply needed by plants to calculate an accurate irrigation operation timing. The experiment was conducted by supplying water for capsicum annum test crop located in a greenhouse. The plant water demand parameter was calculated and compared for each application tools and the best application tool was chosen to be implemented in controlling the irrigation system.</span>
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Neumann, Justus, Francesca Fragkoudi, Isabel Pérez, Dimitri A. Gadotti, Jesús Falcón-Barroso, Patricia Sánchez-Blázquez, Adrian Bittner, et al. "Stellar populations across galaxy bars in the MUSE TIMER project." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stellar populations in barred galaxies save an imprint of the influence of the bar on the host galaxy’s evolution. We present a detailed analysis of star formation histories (SFHs) and chemical enrichment of stellar populations in nine nearby barred galaxies from the TIMER project. We used integral field observations with the MUSE instrument to derive unprecedented spatially resolved maps of stellar ages, metallicities, [Mg/Fe] abundances, and SFHs, as well as Hα as a tracer of ongoing star formation. We find a characteristic V-shaped signature in the SFH that is perpendicular to the bar major axis, which supports the scenario where intermediate-age stars (∼2 − 6 Gyr) are trapped on more elongated orbits shaping a thinner part of the bar, while older stars (> 8 Gyr) are trapped on less elongated orbits shaping a rounder and thicker part of the bar. We compare our data to state-of-the-art cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of barred galaxies and show that such V-shaped SFHs arise naturally due to the dynamical influence of the bar on stellar populations with different ages and kinematic properties. Additionally, we find an excess of very young stars (< 2 Gyr) on the edges of the bars, predominantly on the leading side, thus confirming typical star formation patterns in bars. Furthermore, mass-weighted age and metallicity gradients are slightly shallower along the bar than in the disc, which is likely due to orbital mixing in the bar. Finally, we find that bars are mostly more metal-rich and less [Mg/Fe]-enhanced than the surrounding discs. We interpret this as a signature that the bar quenches star formation in the inner region of discs, usually referred to as star formation deserts. We discuss these results and their implications on two different scenarios of bar formation and evolution.
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Jia, Shi Sheng, Bao Yin Li, and Xue Hui Gao. "The Application of Microcontroller Timer/Counter in Speed Measuring/Speed Regulation System." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 1541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The system, a closed-loop control system which consists of single chip computer, control circuit, frequency converter and motor, can not only measure the motor’s speed, but also can set the motor’s speed conveniently and make the motor run at the set speed at last. There need to be three timers/counters to realize this function. As an enhanced 51 series microcontroller AT89S52, There are three such timers/counters (T0, T1, T2) in it. We can determine the motor’s speed with T2 by installing powerful magnet and Hall sensor on the motor’s axle. The Hall sensor generates a pulse when the motor’s axle turn a round. We can get the motor’s speed by calculating the cycle of the pulse. T1 and T2, as pulse width modulation signal generator, produce the pulse signals. Here T1 determines the cycle, and T0 determines the duty ratio. The duty ratio of pulse signals can be regulated according to the deviation between the real speed and set speed. Then the single chip computer generates corresponding DC voltage, which controls the frequency converter and makes the motor run at the set speed finally. The system can be applied to many field that has special requirements to motor’s speed.
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Yasin, Adwan, and Mahmoud Abu Zant. "Detecting and Isolating Black-Hole Attacks in MANET Using Timer Based Baited Technique." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (September 6, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9812135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a type of wireless networks that provides numerous applications in different areas. Security of MANET had become one of the hottest topics in networks fields. MANET is vulnerable to different types of attacks that affect its functionality and connectivity. The black-hole attack is considered one of the most widespread active attacks that degrade the performance and reliability of the network as a result of dropping all incoming packets by the malicious node. Black-hole node aims to fool every node in the network that wants to communicate with another node by pretending that it always has the best path to the destination node. AODV is a reactive routing protocol that has no techniques to detect and neutralize the black-hole node in the network. In this research, we enhanced AODV by integrating a new lightweight technique that uses timers and baiting in order to detect and isolate single and cooperative black-hole attacks. During the dynamic topology changing the suggested technique enables the MANET nodes to detect and isolate the black-hole nodes in the network. The implementation of the proposed technique is performed by using NS-2.35 simulation tools. The results of the suggested technique in terms of Throughput, End-to-End Delay, and Packet Delivery Ratio are very close to the native AODV without black holes.
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Verkhusha, Vladislav V., Hideo Otsuna, Takeshi Awasaki, Hiroki Oda, Shoichiro Tsukita, and Kei Ito. "An Enhanced Mutant of Red Fluorescent Protein DsRed for Double Labeling and Developmental Timer of Neural Fiber Bundle Formation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 32 (June 14, 2001): 29621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.c100200200.
Повний текст джерела
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Adeyinka, Adegbola, A. A. Dare, D. S. Popoola, H. A. Saka, and A. O. Afolabi. "Experimental investigation of enhanced remediation of contaminated soil using ultrasound effect." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 3 (June 24, 2014): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i3.1103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the development of an effective ground remediation method, there has been significant research focusing on the technique of enhancing soil-flushing method The soil flushing method enhanced by ultrasonic waves is a new technique that is potentially an effective method for in situ remediation of the ground contaminated by NAPL hydrocarbons. The research work investigated the effectiveness of sonication in the soil flushing method for a range of conditions involving treatment time, hydraulic gradient and the discharge velocity. The experimental investigation of the study was conducted using the inbuilt ultrasonic generator (NEE 555 timer stable multi-vibrator) and soil flushing apparatus to remove the contaminant from the soils. The test result indicated that the rate of the contaminant extraction increased considerably with increasing sonication time up to 120seconds with 34% contaminant removed without sonication and 64.05% contaminant removed with sonication and started decreasing at the level where cavitation occurred. Increasing the sonication time also increase the contaminant removal up to the level where cavitation occurs. The effectiveness of sonication decreases with hydraulic gradient but eventually becomes constant under higher flow rates and also is highly related with the discharge velocity. Results obtained showed that sonication can enhance pollutant removal. Keywords: Soil-Flushing Method, NAPL Hydrocarbons, Sonication, Soil Remediation, Cavitation.
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Begum, Shifana. "An Efficient & Secure Timer Based baiting Approach to Detect Black Hole Attacks in MANET." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a type of wireless networks that provides numerous applications in different areas. Security of MANET had become one of the hottest topics in networks fields. MANET is vulnerable to different types of attacks that affect its functionality and connectivity. The black-hole attack is considered one of the mostwide spread active attacks that degrade the performance and reliability of the network as a result of dropping all incoming packets by the malicious node. Black-hole node aims to fool every node in the network that wants to communicate with another node by pretending that it always has the best path to the destination node. AODV is a reactive routing protocol that has no techniques to detect and neutralize the black-hole node in the network. In this research, we enhanced AODV by integrating a new lightweight technique that uses timers and baiting in order to detect and isolate single and cooperative black-hole attacks. During the dynamic topology changing the suggested technique enables the MANET nodes to detect and isolate the black-hole nodes in the network. The implementation of the proposed technique is implemented using java.
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Tan, Xiao Dong, Yong Sheng Zhao, Xia Li, Bao Liang Li, and Shi Xuan Yao. "Realization and Reliability Analysis of Simulated SCIs in the Yacht Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a design method of software simulated SCIs has been proposed to resolve the problem that the built-in SCIs of the MCU could not meet the need of data communications in the research and development of the yacht monitoring system. Two simulated SCIs have been established through building hardware circuits and writing software programs by using the parallel I/O ports and the enhanced capture timer of the MCU. Meanwhile, the error control programs have been designed, and the reliability of the simulated SCIs has been analysed through on-site tests, in order to improve the stability of data transmissions.
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Chakraborty, Debaditya, Cristina Ivan, Paola Amero, Maliha Khan, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Hakan Başağaoğlu, and Gabriel Lopez-Berestein. "Explainable Artificial Intelligence Reveals Novel Insight into Tumor Microenvironment Conditions Linked with Better Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143450.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated the data-driven relationship between immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the ≥5-year survival rates of breast cancer patients using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models. We acquired TCGA breast invasive carcinoma data from the cbioPortal and retrieved immune cell composition estimates from bulk RNA sequencing data from TIMER2.0 based on EPIC, CIBERSORT, TIMER, and xCell computational methods. Novel insights derived from our XAI model showed that B cells, CD8+ T cells, M0 macrophages, and NK T cells are the most critical TME features for enhanced prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our XAI model also revealed the inflection points of these critical TME features, above or below which ≥5-year survival rates improve. Subsequently, we ascertained the conditional probabilities of ≥5-year survival under specific conditions inferred from the inflection points. In particular, the XAI models revealed that the B cell fraction (relative to all cells in a sample) exceeding 0.025, M0 macrophage fraction (relative to the total immune cell content) below 0.05, and NK T cell and CD8+ T cell fractions (based on cancer type-specific arbitrary units) above 0.075 and 0.25, respectively, in the TME could enhance the ≥5-year survival in breast cancer patients. The findings could lead to accurate clinical predictions and enhanced immunotherapies, and to the design of innovative strategies to reprogram the breast TME.
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BURKE, J. J., and B. DUNNE. "Field testing of six decision support systems for scheduling fungicide applications to control Mycosphaerella graminicola on winter wheat crops in Ireland." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 4 (January 8, 2008): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859607007642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYField experiments were conducted between 2003 and 2005 to compare the efficacy of five interactive decision support systems (DSSs) (DESSAC, PLANT-Plus, proPLANT Expert, CerDis and Crop Protection Online (CPO)) and an in-crop system (Septoria Timer) to schedule fungicide applications to winter wheat cultivars (Madrigal and Claire) for the control of Mycosphaerella graminicola. The effectiveness of the crop management programmes proposed by the DSSs was compared with that of standard 2-spray programmes applied at GS 37 and 65 and 3-spray programmes applied at GS 32, 39 and 65. Compared with the 3-spray programme, the programme scheduled by CPO advised application of the least active ingredient to the six trials over three seasons, while together with the Septoria Timer it also advised the least number of applications (average 2·3 per crop). The PLANT-Plus system advised the highest input of active ingredient and the highest number of applications (average of 4·0 per crop). The interactive DSSs responded to cultivar susceptibility to M. graminicola by scheduling more applications to the susceptible cv. Madrigal compared with the moderately resistant cv. Claire. Whether control of M. graminicola is expressed as reduction in the proportion of necrosis per leaf or a reduction of the area under the disease progress curve, the 3-spray programme provided the most effective control. The Septoria Timer provided a similar level of control. For the remaining programmes, the effectiveness of control varied with observation date, leaf and cultivar. The 2-spray programme provided the least successful control. Fungicide application significantly increased grain yield each season. The fungicide scheduling programme that provided the highest grain yield varied by cultivar and season. Grain specific weight was enhanced by fungicide application compared with the untreated control, except for cv. Claire in 2004. The fungicide scheduling programme that provided the highest specific weight varied with cultivar and season. The highest average margin over fungicide cost was provided by the Septoria Timer.
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Sahoo, Mamina, Sz-Nian Lai, Jyh-Ming Wu, Ming-Chung Wu, and Chao-Sung Lai. "Flexible Layered-Graphene Charge Modulation for Highly Stable Triboelectric Nanogenerator." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The continuous quest to enhance the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on the surface charge density of the tribolayer has motivated researchers to harvest mechanical energy efficiently. Most of the previous work focused on the enhancement of negative triboelectric charges. The enhancement of charge density over positive tribolayer has been less investigated. In this work, we developed a layer-by-layer assembled multilayer graphene-based TENG to enhance the charge density by creatively introducing a charge trapping layer (CTL) Al2O3 in between the positive triboelectric layer and conducting electrode to construct an attractive flexible TENG. Based on the experimental results, the optimized three layers of graphene TENG (3L-Gr-TENG) with CTL showed a 30-fold enhancement in output power compared to its counterpart, 3L-Gr-TENG without CTL. This remarkably enhanced performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between the optimized graphene layers with high dielectric CTL. Moreover, the device exhibited outstanding stability after continuous operation of >2000 cycles. Additionally, the device was capable of powering 20 green LEDs and sufficient to power an electronic timer with rectifying circuits. This research provides a new insight to improve the charge density of Gr-TENGs as energy harvesters for next-generation flexible electronics.
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Kang, Hyung-Woo, and Seok-Joo Koh. "Enhanced group communication in constrained application protocol–based Internet-of-things networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 4 (April 2018): 155014771877279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718772793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a lot of sensors are connected to the Internet, many works have been made to support group communication for constrained application protocol. The existing multicast-based group communication may be efficient, but not reliable in wireless sensor networks. The existing unicast-based group communication is reliable, but it tends to give low performance. Recently, an observe-based group communication scheme was proposed, which uses the constrained application protocol–observe option. This is very effective, but tends to generate too many notification messages in the network. In this article, we thus propose an enhanced scheme of the observe-based group communication. In the proposed scheme, a broker is employed to monitor the status information of resources for a group of sensors. Each sensor will update its resource status to the broker using the constrained application protocol–observe option, and the broker sends the aggregate updated information to the constrained application protocol client, as done in the existing observe-based scheme. To reduce the number of notifications between the broker and the client, in the proposed scheme, the broker sends an aggregated notification to the client only when the client requests the information on resource status. In addition, the proposed scheme uses a hash function and the max-age timer of constrained application protocol in order to reduce unnecessary notification messages from the sensors to the broker. For performance analysis, we compare the existing and proposed schemes in terms of total delay and the amount of generated packets. From the results, we can see that the existing and proposed observe-based schemes improve total delay by almost 60%–80%, compared to the existing multicast-based and unicast-based schemes. In terms of the number of generated packets, the proposed scheme improves the existing observed-based scheme by almost 30%. We also performed the testbed experimentation of the proposed scheme for validation in the real-world network.
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Templeton, John Michael, Christian Poellabauer, and Sandra Schneider. "Enhancement of Neurocognitive Assessments Using Smartphone Capabilities: Systematic Review." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): e15517. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Comprehensive exams such as the Dean-Woodcock Neuropsychological Assessment System, the Global Deterioration Scale, and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination are the gold standard for doctors and clinicians in the preliminary assessment and monitoring of neurocognitive function in conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases and acquired brain injuries (ABIs). In recent years, there has been an increased focus on implementing these exams on mobile devices to benefit from their configurable built-in sensors, in addition to scoring, interpretation, and storage capabilities. As smartphones become more accepted in health care among both users and clinicians, the ability to use device information (eg, device position, screen interactions, and app usage) for subject monitoring also increases. Sensor-based assessments (eg, functional gait using a mobile device’s accelerometer and/or gyroscope or collection of speech samples using recordings from the device’s microphone) include the potential for enhanced information for diagnoses of neurological conditions; mapping the development of these conditions over time; and monitoring efficient, evidence-based rehabilitation programs. Objective This paper provides an overview of neurocognitive conditions and relevant functions of interest, analysis of recent results using smartphone and/or tablet built-in sensor information for the assessment of these different neurocognitive conditions, and how human-device interactions and the assessment and monitoring of these neurocognitive functions can be enhanced for both the patient and health care provider. Methods This survey presents a review of current mobile technological capabilities to enhance the assessment of various neurocognitive conditions, including both neurodegenerative diseases and ABIs. It explores how device features can be configured for assessments as well as the enhanced capability and data monitoring that will arise due to the addition of these features. It also recognizes the challenges that will be apparent with the transfer of these current assessments to mobile devices. Results Built-in sensor information on mobile devices is found to provide information that can enhance neurocognitive assessment and monitoring across all functional categories. Configurations of positional sensors (eg, accelerometer, gyroscope, and GPS), media sensors (eg, microphone and camera), inherent sensors (eg, device timer), and participatory user-device interactions (eg, screen interactions, metadata input, app usage, and device lock and unlock) are all helpful for assessing these functions for the purposes of training, monitoring, diagnosis, or rehabilitation. Conclusions This survey discusses some of the many opportunities and challenges of implementing configured built-in sensors on mobile devices to enhance assessments and monitoring of neurocognitive functions as well as disease progression across neurodegenerative and acquired neurological conditions.
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Xiachuan, Qin, Zhou xiang, Liu xuebing, and Luo yan. "Predictive Value of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for Early Recurrence of Single Lesion Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection." Ultrasonic Imaging 41, no. 1 (December 2, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0161734618815231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This retrospective study aimed to use preoperative and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) factors to assess and reveal risk factors of early recurrence (ER) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We enrolled 141 patients with primary HCC who had undergone surgical resection. The assessment of the CEUS scan includes (a) the maximum diameter of the lesion, (b) the tumor echogenicity of gray-scale ultrasound (US), (c) the morphology of the tumor, (d) the margin of the tumor, (e) the peripheral hypoechoic halo, (f) tumor necrosis, (g) nutritional arteries shown by tumors, (h) ultrasonography for diagnosis of cirrhosis, and (i) the timer on the US screen displayed the time elapsed from the saline flush and was used to determine time to washout. According to the degree of the phase, the washout rate is divided into four grades, namely, levels 1 to 4. ER is defined as the time between resection and recurrence within 12 months after surgery. Risk factors for ER HCC were analyzed. Predictors of ER on a univariate logistic regression analysis in CEUS are size, washout rate, morphology, center necrosis, and feeding artery appearing in the tumor. Multivariate analysis results indicated that feeding artery, microvascular invasion (MVI), and washout rate were independent risk factors for ER. The relative high risk of ER for washout rate 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 29.3%, 43.2%, 53.1%, and 71.4%, respectively. The appropriateness of hepatectomy in the treatment of single lesion HCC should be carefully considered when the washout rate was 4.
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Castells-Ballester, Joan, Ewa Zatorska, Matthias Meurer, Patrick Neubert, Anke Metschies, Michael Knop, and Sabine Strahl. "Monitoring Protein Dynamics in Protein O-Mannosyltransferase Mutants In Vivo by Tandem Fluorescent Protein Timers." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102622.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For proteins entering the secretory pathway, a major factor contributing to maturation and homeostasis is glycosylation. One relevant type of protein glycosylation is O-mannosylation, which is essential and evolutionarily-conserved in fungi, animals, and humans. Our recent proteome-wide study in the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that more than 26% of all proteins entering the secretory pathway receive O-mannosyl glycans. In a first attempt to understand the impact of O-mannosylation on these proteins, we took advantage of a tandem fluorescent timer (tFT) reporter to monitor different aspects of protein dynamics. We analyzed tFT-reporter fusions of 137 unique O-mannosylated proteins, mainly of the secretory pathway and the plasma membrane, in mutants lacking the major protein O-mannosyltransferases Pmt1, Pmt2, or Pmt4. In these three pmtΔ mutants, a total of 39 individual proteins were clearly affected, and Pmt-specific substrate proteins could be identified. We observed that O-mannosylation may cause both enhanced and diminished protein abundance and/or stability when compromised, and verified our findings on the examples of Axl2-tFT and Kre6-tFT fusion proteins. The identified target proteins are a valuable resource towards unraveling the multiple functions of O-mannosylation at the molecular level.
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Yuan, Kai, Yanyan Feng, Hesong Wang, Lu Zhao, Wei Wang, Ting Wang, Yuyin Feng, Guangrui Huang, and Anlong Xu. "FGL2 is positively correlated with enhanced antitumor responses mediated by T cells in lung adenocarcinoma." PeerJ 8 (March 13, 2020): e8654. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8654.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor, accounting for 25% of cancer-related deaths and 14% of new cancers worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pulmonary cancer. Although there have been some improvements in the traditional therapy of lung cancer, the outcome and prognosis of patients remain poor. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 1.8 million new cases being diagnosed each year. Precision medicine based on genetic alterations is considered a new strategy of lung cancer treatment that requires highly specific biomarkers for precision diagnosis and treatment. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) plays important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diagnostic value of FGL2 in lung cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression profile and potential functions of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma. We used the TCGA and Oncomine datasets to compare the FGL2 expression levels between lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. We utilized the GEPIA, PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases to analyze the relationship between FGL2 expression and the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Then, we investigated the potential roles of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma with the TIMER database and functional enrichment analyses. We found that FGL2 expression was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. A high expression level of FGL2 was correlated with better prognostic outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients, including overall survival and progression-free survival. FGL2 was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, including dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T cells, in lung adenocarcinoma. Functional enrichment analyses also showed that a high expression level of FGL2 was positively correlated with enhanced T cell activities, especially CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, we propose that high FGL2 expression, which is positively associated with enhanced antitumor activities mediated by T cells, is a beneficial marker for lung adenocarcinoma treatment outcomes.
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Rosenbaum, David, Moshe Glickman, Stephen M. Fleming, and Marius Usher. "The Cognition/Metacognition Trade-Off." Psychological Science 33, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09567976211043428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integration to boundary is an optimal decision algorithm that accumulates evidence until the posterior reaches a decision boundary, resulting in the fastest decisions for a target accuracy. Here, we demonstrated that this advantage incurs a cost in metacognitive accuracy (confidence), generating a cognition/metacognition trade-off. Using computational modeling, we found that integration to a fixed boundary results in less variability in evidence integration and thus reduces metacognitive accuracy, compared with a collapsing-boundary or a random-timer strategy. We examined how decision strategy affects metacognitive accuracy in three cross-domain experiments, in which 102 university students completed a free-response session (evidence terminated by the participant’s response) and an interrogation session (fixed number of evidence samples controlled by the experimenter). In both sessions, participants observed a sequence of evidence and reported their choice and confidence. As predicted, the interrogation protocol (preventing integration to boundary) enhanced metacognitive accuracy. We also found that in the free-response sessions, participants integrated evidence to a collapsing boundary—a strategy that achieves an efficient compromise between optimizing choice and metacognitive accuracy.
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Samet, Jeffrey H., Nicholas J. Horton, Seville Meli, Kim Dukes, Tara Tripp, Lisa Sullivan, and Kenneth A. Freedberg. "A Randomized Controlled Trial to Enhance Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Patients with a History of Alcohol Problems." Antiviral Therapy 10, no. 1 (January 2005): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350501000106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective To assess the effectiveness of an individualized multicomponent intervention to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals with a history of alcohol problems. Design We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the usual medical follow-up with an adherence intervention. Setting The principal enrolment site was Boston Medical Center, a private, not-for-profit, academic medical institution. Subjects HIV-infected patients with a history of alcohol problems on ART. A total of 151 were enrolled and 141 (93%) were assessed at follow-up. Intervention A nurse, trained in motivational interviewing, completed the following over 3 months in four encounters: addressed alcohol problems; provided a watch with a programmable timer to facilitate pill taking; enhanced perception of treatment efficacy; and delivered individually tailored assistance to facilitate medication use. Main outcome measures Prior 30-day adherence ≥95%, prior 3-day adherence of 100%, CD4 cell count, HIV RNA and alcohol consumption, each at both short- and long-term follow-up. Results At follow-up, no significant differences in medication adherence, CD4 cell count, HIV RNA or alcohol consumption were found (all P values >0.25). Conclusions: A multicomponent intervention to enhance adherence among HIV-infected individuals with a history of alcohol problems was not associated with changes in medication adherence, alcohol consumption or markers of HIV disease progression. The failure to change adherence in a group at high risk for poor adherence, despite utilizing an intensive individual-focused patient intervention, supports the idea of addressing medication adherence with supervised medication delivery or markedly simplified dosing regimens.
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Werner, Jens Martin, Martin Zidek, Sylvia Kammerer, Natascha Platz Batista da Silva, Friedrich Jung, Hans Jürgen Schlitt, Matthias Hornung, and Ernst-Michael Jung. "Intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound can have a crucial role in surgical decision-making during hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery – Analysis of impact and input." Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 78, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ch-201031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact and procedural input of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography on surgical decision making during the procedure and consequently the outcome after hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 50 consecutive patients, who underwent HPB surgery from 04/2018 to 07/2018 were prospectively collected for this study. During surgery, IOUS with a high-resolution ultrasound device using CEUS after bolus injection of 2.4–5 ml dulphur hexafluoride microbubbles using a 6–9 MHz probe and a share wave and strain elastography was performed by an experienced examiner. Process and time analysis were carried out using mobile phone timer. RESULTS: The IOUS with CEUS and elastography correctly identified 42 malignant tumors and 4 benign lesions. In 3 cases, the examination provided false positive result (identifying 3 benign lesions as malignant) and in 1 case a malignant lesion was incorrectly assessed as benign (sensitivity 97,7%, specificity 57,1%, PPV 93,3% and NPV 80%). The specific question by the surgeon could be answered successfully in 98% of the cases. In 76% of the cases, there was a modification (42%) or a fundamental change (34%) of the planned surgical approach due to the information provided by the IOUS. Within the last group, the IOUS had a major impact on therapy outcome. In 7 patients an additional tumor resection was required, in 5 patients the tumor was assessed as inoperable, and in total in 5 patients an intraoperative RFA (4/5) or postoperative RITA (1/5) was required. Regarding procedural input, there was only a slight, but significant difference between the transport and set-up times before the intraoperative use (mean: 14 min 22 s) and the return transport (mean 13 min 6 s), (p = 0,038). The average examination time was 14 minutes, which makes only one third of the overall time demand. CONCLUSION: Combination of IOUS with CEUS and elastography in oncological HPB surgery provides valuable information that affects surgical decision-making. The procedural input of about 45 minutes seems to be a good investment considering the improvement of the surgical procedure and a significant modification of the therapy approach in the majority of the cases.
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Omiya, Tomoko, Masami Kutsumi, and Sakiko Fukui. "Work, Leisure Time Activities, and Mental Health among Family Caregivers of the Elder People in Japan." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Japan, there is a high incidence of family members caring for their elderly. To facilitate this, caregivers often quit their jobs, work reduced hours, and forfeit leisure activities. This study examined the relationship between the mental health of the caregivers and the sacrifices and adjustments they make to care for the elderly. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with responses from 171 caregivers. Referencing Pearlin’s stress process model, the relationship among five types of work change, four types of leisure activity quitting, caregivers’ subjective care burden, and depression were analyzed using t-test and multiple regression analysis. Caregivers who quit their work or other home activities had significantly more daily living care responsibilities than those who did not. Moreover, caregivers who gave up leisure activities had a greater sense of subjective care burden than those who did not. The experience of giving up peer activities and taking leave of absence from work was significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms. Being a part-timer or financially prosperous was associated with good mental health. To support family caregivers, it is essential to reduce the burden of long-term care and provide financial help and an environment where they interact with their peers, and their moods can be enhanced.
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Ding, Baojin, John W. Cave, Paul R. Dobner, Debra Mullikin-Kilpatrick, Marina Bartzokis, Hong Zhu, Chi-Wing Chow, Richard M. Gronostajski, and Daniel L. Kilpatrick. "Reciprocal autoregulation by NFI occupancy and ETV1 promotes the developmental expression of dendrite-synapse genes in cerebellar granule neurons." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 9 (May 2016): 1488–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nuclear Factor One (NFI) transcription factors regulate temporal gene expression required for dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis via delayed occupancy of target promoters in developing cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Mechanisms that promote NFI temporal occupancy have not been previously defined. We show here that the transcription factor ETV1 directly binds to and is required for expression and NFI occupancy of a cohort of NFI-dependent genes in CGNs maturing in vivo. Expression of ETV1 is low in early postnatal cerebellum and increases with maturation, mirroring NFI temporal occupancy of coregulated target genes. Precocious expression of ETV1 in mouse CGNs accelerated onset of expression and NFI temporal occupancy of late target genes and enhanced Map2(+) neurite outgrowth. ETV1 also activated expression and NFI occupancy of the Etv1 gene itself, and this autoregulatory loop preceded ETV1 binding and activation of other coregulated target genes in vivo. These findings suggest a potential model in which ETV1 activates NFI temporal binding to a subset of late-expressed genes in a stepwise manner by initial positive feedback regulation of the Etv1 gene itself followed by activation of downstream coregulated targets as ETV1 expression increases. Sequential transcription factor autoregulation and subsequent binding to downstream promoters may provide an intrinsic developmental timer for dendrite/synapse gene expression.
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Awadalla, Medhat, and Abdullah Elewi. "Enhanced PSO Approach for Real Time Systems Scheduling." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 8, no. 4 (August 2016): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2016.v8.1059.
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Chiriac, Ștefania, Silvia Teodorescu, and Aura Bota. "Preliminary Study on Psychomotor Abilities Decisive for Technical Routines in Rhythmic Gymnastics." BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 11, no. 4Sup1 (December 28, 2020): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.4sup1/156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the research is to establish the level of some psychomotor abilities by determining the rhythmic gymnasts’ capability to perform apparatus-specific technical skills within the composition of their routines, according to the provisions of the 2017-2020 Code of Points. The Wireless training timer (Witty) testing equipment was used to assess relevant types of speed in junior rhythmic gymnasts. The reaction time, execution time and travel speed time were measured in similar technical conditions or close to those encountered in training and competitions. The 14 gymnasts included in the research, aged between 13 and 15 years, are part of the National Olympic Centre for juniors in Arad, all being enrolled in the preparatory stage of training. The analysis of the data from both static and dynamic tests established a referential for the forms of speed to be enhanced by means of apparatus-specific technical routines. Results provide interesting information on the average values, inter-individual differences and homogeneity-related issues (which are relevant especially for gymnasts performing in the group event). The key features of these data, as well as previous analysis of junior routines for the 2017-2020 Olympic cycle, have led us to the conclusion that, in order to get a high score for apparatus difficulty/mastery, more difficulty elements should be added, which requires an increase in all kinds of speed involved by the technique of a specific event.
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Chiriac, Ștefania, Silvia Teodorescu, and Aura Bota. "Preliminary Study on Psychomotor Abilities Decisive for Technical Routines in Rhythmic Gymnastics." BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 11, no. 4Sup1 (December 28, 2020): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.4sup1/156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the research is to establish the level of some psychomotor abilities by determining the rhythmic gymnasts’ capability to perform apparatus-specific technical skills within the composition of their routines, according to the provisions of the 2017-2020 Code of Points. The Wireless training timer (Witty) testing equipment was used to assess relevant types of speed in junior rhythmic gymnasts. The reaction time, execution time and travel speed time were measured in similar technical conditions or close to those encountered in training and competitions. The 14 gymnasts included in the research, aged between 13 and 15 years, are part of the National Olympic Centre for juniors in Arad, all being enrolled in the preparatory stage of training. The analysis of the data from both static and dynamic tests established a referential for the forms of speed to be enhanced by means of apparatus-specific technical routines. Results provide interesting information on the average values, inter-individual differences and homogeneity-related issues (which are relevant especially for gymnasts performing in the group event). The key features of these data, as well as previous analysis of junior routines for the 2017-2020 Olympic cycle, have led us to the conclusion that, in order to get a high score for apparatus difficulty/mastery, more difficulty elements should be added, which requires an increase in all kinds of speed involved by the technique of a specific event.
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Nohara, Kazunari, Travis Nemkov, Angelo D’Alessandro, Seung-Hee Yoo, and Zheng Chen. "Coordinate Regulation of Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism by the Clock Modifier Nobiletin in Metabolically Challenged Old Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 4281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cholesterol and bile acid (BA) homeostasis plays a central role in systemic metabolism. Accumulating evidence suggests a key regulatory function of the circadian clock, our biological timer, in lipid metabolism, particularly cholesterol and bile acid flux. Previously, we showed that Nobiletin (NOB), a natural compound targeting the ROR (Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor) nuclear receptors in the circadian oscillator, strongly protects lipid homeostasis, including normal serum cholesterol levels in high-fat (HF) fed mice at both young and old ages. In this study, we further examined the role of NOB in cholesterol metabolism in HF-fed aged mice, and found that NOB lowered the serum LDL/VLDL cholesterol levels and consequently the LDL/HDL ratio. BA levels in the serum were markedly reduced in the HF.NOB group, and examination of additional hepatic markers further indicate a protective role of NOB in the liver. At the molecular level, whereas HF feeding downregulated hepatic expression of several ROR target genes involved in bile acid synthesis, NOB treatment (HF.NOB) was able to rescue it. In accordance, fecal BA excretion was enhanced by NOB, and microbial 16S sequencing revealed alteration of several taxa known to be involved in secondary BA production in the gut. Together, these results demonstrate concerted effects of the clock-modulating compound NOB in cholesterol and BA metabolism, suggesting pharmacological manipulation of the clock as a novel therapeutic strategy against metabolic disorders and age-related decline.
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Lidsky, Peter V., Stanleyson Hato, Maryana V. Bardina, Alexei G. Aminev, Ann C. Palmenberg, Eugene V. Sheval, Vladimir Y. Polyakov, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld, and Vadim I. Agol. "Nucleocytoplasmic Traffic Disorder Induced by Cardioviruses." Journal of Virology 80, no. 6 (March 15, 2006): 2705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.6.2705-2717.2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Some picornaviruses, for example, poliovirus, increase bidirectional permeability of the nuclear envelope and suppress active nucleocytoplasmic transport. These activities require the viral protease 2Apro. Here, we studied nucleocytoplasmic traffic in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV; a cardiovirus), which lacks the poliovirus 2Apro-related protein. EMCV similarly enhanced bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic traffic. By using the fluorescent “Timer” protein, which contains a nuclear localization signal, we showed that the cytoplasmic accumulation of nuclear proteins in infected cells was largely due to the nuclear efflux of “old” proteins rather than impaired active nuclear import of newly synthesized molecules. The nuclear envelope of digitonin-treated EMCV-infected cells permitted rapid efflux of a nuclear marker protein. Inhibitors of poliovirus 2Apro did not prevent the EMCV-induced efflux. Extracts from EMCV-infected cells and products of in vitro translation of viral RNAs contained an activity increasing permeability of the nuclear envelope of uninfected cells. This activity depended on the expression of the viral leader protein. Mutations disrupting the zinc finger motif of this protein abolished its efflux-inducing ability. Inactivation of the L protein phosphorylation site (Thr47→Ala) resulted in a delayed efflux, while a phosphorylation-mimicking (Thr47→Asp) replacement did not significantly impair the efflux-inducing ability. Such activity of extracts from EMCV-infected cells was suppressed by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. As evidenced by electron microscopy, cardiovirus infection resulted in alteration of the nuclear pores, but it did not trigger degradation of the nucleoporins known to be degraded in the poliovirus-infected cells. Thus, two groups of picornaviruses, enteroviruses and cardioviruses, similarly alter the nucleocytoplasmic traffic but achieve this by strikingly different mechanisms.
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Horner, Arnold. "Re-knotting Ireland in late Celtic Tiger times – the enhanced terrestrial nodality of Dublin airport." Irish Geography 43, no. 1 (March 2010): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00750771003707468.
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Kiik, Helen, Saumya Ramanayake, Michi Miura, Yuetsu Tanaka, Anat Melamed, and Charles R. M. Bangham. "Time-course of host cell transcription during the HTLV-1 transcriptional burst." PLOS Pathogens 18, no. 5 (May 16, 2022): e1010387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transactivator protein Tax has pleiotropic functions in the host cell affecting cell-cycle regulation, DNA damage response pathways and apoptosis. These actions of Tax have been implicated in the persistence and pathogenesis of HTLV-1-infected cells. It is now known that tax expression occurs in transcriptional bursts of the proviral plus-strand, but the effects of the burst on host transcription are not fully understood. We carried out RNA sequencing of two naturally-infected T-cell clones transduced with a Tax-responsive Timer protein, which undergoes a time-dependent shift in fluorescence emission, to study transcriptional changes during successive phases of the HTLV-1 plus-strand burst. We found that the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the NF-κB pathway, cell-cycle regulation, DNA damage response and apoptosis inhibition were immediate effects accompanying the plus-strand burst, and are limited to the duration of the burst. The results distinguish between the immediate and delayed effects of HTLV-1 reactivation on host transcription, and between clone-specific effects and those observed in both clones. The major transcriptional changes in the infected host T-cells observed here, including NF-kB, are transient, suggesting that these pathways are not persistently activated at high levels in HTLV-1-infected cells. The two clones diverged strongly in their expression of genes regulating the cell cycle. Up-regulation of senescence markers was a delayed effect of the proviral plus-strand burst and the up-regulation of some pro-apoptotic genes outlasted the burst. We found that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway enhanced and prolonged the proviral burst, but did not increase the rate of reactivation. Our results also suggest that sustained plus-strand expression is detrimental to the survival of infected cells.
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Chen, Chun-Chi, Pei-Yi Chu, and Hung-Yu Lin. "Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Clinical Value and Possible Mechanisms of ATAD1 Down-Regulation in Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma." Life 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the most common histological subtype of prostate cancer. Post-treatment biochemical recurrence is a challenging issue. ATAD1 (ATPase Family AAA Domain Containing 1) plays a vital role in mitochondrial proteostasis and apoptosis activity, while its clinical value in PRAD and its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unanswered. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical value and possible mechanisms of ATAD1 in PRAD via multi-omics analysis. Using cBioPortal, we confirmed that ATAD1 alteration was associated with gene expression and unfavorable DFS. Deep deletion predominantly occurred in PRAD. By integrating DriverDBv3 and GEPIA2, we noted ATAD1 downregulation in PRAD tissues compared to normal tissues, associated with unfavorable DFS in PRAD patients. DNA repair genes ATM, PARP1and BRCA2 had positive associations with ATAD1 expression. We found that the generalization value of ATAD1 could be applied to other cancers such as KIRC and UCEC. In addition, LinkedOmics identified that the functional involvement of ATAD1 participates in mitochondrial structure and cell cycle progression. Using TIMER analysis, we demonstrated that ATAD1 downregulation correlated with an immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, we accessed a GSE55062 dataset on UALCAN and discovered the involvement of ERG-mediated transcriptional repression on ATAD1 downregulation. Cross-association screening of shATAD1 efficacy vs. altered mRNAs identified 190 perturbed mRNAs. Then, functional enrichment analysis using the Metascape omics tool recognized that shATAD1-perturbed mRNAs are primarily in charge of the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and lipid metabolic processes. In conclusion, multi-omics results reveal that ATAD1 downregulation is a clinical biomarker for pathological diagnosis and prognosis for patients with PRAD. Reduced ATAD1 may be involved in the enhanced activity of mitochondria and cell cycle, as well as possibly shaping an immunosuppressive TME. ERG serves as an upstream transcriptional repressor of ATAD1. Downstream mechanisms of ATAD1 are involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway and lipid metabolic processes.
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Shim, Hwan, Subong Kim, Jae Hee Lee, Leah Gibbs, Karsyn Rush, and Inyong Choi. "Neural markers of improved auditory selective attention following neurofeedback training." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We designed a neurofeedback training paradigm to enhance the attentional modulation of cortical auditory evoked responses. Two concurrent speech streams—a female voice repeating “Up” five times and a male voice repeating “Down” four times in three secondsi—were played from left and right loudspeakers, respectively. Subjects were instructed to attend one of those streams by a pre-stimulus visual cue (e.g., “Target: Up”). Attention was decoded from single-trial EEG signals. Subjects received neurofeedback (i.e., a visual object on the computer screen moves upward if the EEG decoder determines the “up” stream was attended; or vice versa). Subjects repeated this training for four sessions across four weeks. During the last session, compared to the first, subjects exhibited strengthened alpha oscillation in the right parietal cortex while they attended right and ignored left, indicating that spatial inhibitory processing to suppress sounds left was enhanced. The temporal cortex exhibited greater attentional modulation of beta oscillation after the four weeks of training, indicating enhanced neural activity to predict the target. The strength of attentional modulation on cortical evoked responses to sounds was also improved. These results prove that neurofeedback training effectively enhances the cortical processing for auditory selective attention.
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Wing, E. J., N. M. Ampel, A. Waheed, and R. K. Shadduck. "Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) enhances the capacity of murine macrophages to secrete oxygen reduction products." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 2052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.2052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The capacity of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to enhance respiratory burst activity in peritoneal macrophages was measured. Macrophages incubated for 48 hr or more with concentrated L cell-conditioned medium as a source of M-CSF released two to three times as much O2- in response to PMA as did unexposed macrophages. Stimulation was noted at concentrations of colony-stimulating activity from 0.1 to 2000 U/ml and was maximal at 10 to 100 U/ml. Purified, endotoxin-free CSF enhanced secretion to a similar degree as unpurified L cell-conditioned medium. Release of O2- by M-CSF macrophages occurred over 60 min and was triggered by opsonized zymosan as well as PMA. H2O2 release was also enhanced in macrophages exposed to both unpurified and purified M-CSF. These data indicate that M-CSF enhances the capacity of mature macrophages to release oxygen reduction products, and they are consistent with reports that CSF can stimulate the release of other secretory products.
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Theresa, Mignone, Klostermann Keith, and Mahadeo Melissa. "Early Intervention in Schools: Recommendations for Enhanced Psychological Services." Journal of Clinical Cases & Reports 2, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/joccr.2019.2-1046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Childhood and adolescence are times of adjusting to change and increasing demands in one’s life. As such, it is perhaps not surprising that in the United States alone, approximately 13% to 20% of children experience a mental disorder each year, or that 20% of adolescents experience a diagnosable mental health disorder.
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Murtaza, Mobeen, Hafiz Mudaser Ahmad, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain, Mohamed Mahmoud, and Shirish Patil. "Evaluation of Clay Hydration and Swelling Inhibition Using Quaternary Ammonium Dicationic Surfactant with Phenyl Linker." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water-based drilling fluids are extensively used for drilling oil and gas wells. However, water-based muds cause clay swelling, which severely affects the stability of wellbore. Due to two adsorption positions, it is expected that cationic gemini surfactants can reduce the clay swelling. In this work, quaternary ammonium dicationic gemini surfactants containing phenyl linkers and different counterions (Cl− and Br−) were synthesized, and the effect of variation in counterions on swelling and hydration properties of shales was studied. Numerous water-based drilling fluid formulations were prepared with different concentrations of surfactants to study the swelling inhibition capacity of surfactants. The performance of surfactant-containing drilling muds was evaluated by comparing them with base drilling mud, and sodium silicate drilling mud. Various experimental techniques were employed to study drilling mud characteristics such as rheology and filtration. The inhibition properties of drilling mud formulations were determined by linear swelling experiment, capillary suction time test, particle size distribution measurement, wettability measurements, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Experimental results showed that surfactant-based formulation containing bromide counterion exhibited superior rheological properties as compared to other investigated formulations. The filtration test showed that the gemini surfactant with chloride counterion had higher filtrate loss compared to all other formulations. The bentonite swelling was significantly reduced with increasing the concentration of dicationic surfactants as inhibitors, and maximum reduction in the linear swelling rate was observed by using a formulation containing surfactant with chloride counterion. The lowest capillary suction timer (CST) was obtained in the formulation containing surfactant with chloride counterion as less CST indicated the enhanced inhibition capacity. The particle size measurement showed that average bentonite particle size increased upon the addition of surfactants depicting the inhibition capacity. The increase in basal spacing obtained from XRD analysis showed the intercalation of gemini surfactants in interlayers of bentonite. The contact angle measurements were performed to study the wettability of the bentonite film surface, and the results showed that hydrophobicity increased by incorporating the surfactants to the drilling fluid.
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Yi, Lingjun, and Changhong Li. "Enhanced absorption and electrical modulation of graphene based on the parity-time symmetry optical structure." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 2 (2022): 022201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.022201.
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Wojack, Cristina A., Ashleigh G. VanBlarcom, and Jesus Casida. "Ambulatory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Times Are Changing." AACN Advanced Critical Care 32, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2021604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the past century, medical technology has evolved to enhance quality and quantity of life. Medications, surgeries, and implantable devices have been developed and enhanced to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is one of the most substantial advances in life-saving modalities. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been widely used for patients with heart or lung failure across the lifespan. Expansion and simplifications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit designs have informed changes in patient treatment (from bed confinement to ambulatory) and shifted many clinical staffing structures (from cardiovascular perfusionist to nurse-managed care). Highly skilled registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses are increasingly involved in managing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the critical care setting. The purpose of this article is to highlight the technological evolution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the corresponding patient care that bedside registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses provide.
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Valdez, Esteban, Lope G. Tabil, Edmund Mupondwa, Duncan Cree, and Hadi Moazed. "Microwave Torrefaction of Oat Hull: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 4298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microwave torrefaction of oat hull was conducted to enhance its physicochemical properties. A bench-top reactor with an internal stirrer was used for oat hull pretreatment at temperatures of 225 °C, 255 °C, and 285 °C, and residence times of 3, 6, and 9 min, respectively. Results showed that a high temperature level at 3 min residence time or severe torrefaction increased calorific values by up to 35% of its original value, while decreasing mass yield down to 60.77%. Severe torrefaction further decreased moisture absorption, moisture content, and grinding energy consumption but decreased energy yield and bulk density. Residence time had no significant effect on biomass physicochemical changes; however, production cost may be significantly increased by longer residence times. It was also concluded that increased microwave power levels from 400 to 650 W decreased energy consumption by shortening processing times, resulting in a positive economic impact of the process. Moderate and severe torrefaction significantly enhanced biomass fuel properties, and short residence times are recommended in order to decrease electricity consumption. In addition, microwave pretreatment enhances biomass in a similar way to conventional torrefaction, but at a faster processing time. Moreover, the liquid fraction as a by-product may represent a valuable product for the food industry.
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Mayer, A. L. "ECOLOGY: Enhanced: Importing Timber, Exporting Ecological Impact." Science 308, no. 5720 (April 15, 2005): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1109476.
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Jones, Rachel. "Memory Is Enhanced at Behaviorally Relevant Times." PLoS Biology 8, no. 3 (March 16, 2010): e1000338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000338.
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McLoughlin, Alison. "Challenging times call for enhanced research engagement." British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 18, no. 6 (December 2, 2022): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2022.18.6.249.
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den Herder, Michael, Jari Kouki, and Vesa Ruusila. "The effects of timber harvest, forest fire, and herbivores on regeneration of deciduous trees in boreal pine-dominated forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 4 (April 2009): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forest management, fire, and herbivores are the major factors affecting regeneration of deciduous trees in boreal forests. In a large-scale experiment, we manipulated the use of prescribed burning, the level of green-tree retention and the presence of moose ( Alces alces L.) and hare ( Lepus timidus L. and Lepus europaeus Pallas) to study their effects on early regeneration of three native pioneer tree species, i.e., rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia L.), aspen ( Populus tremula L.), and silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth). Green-tree retention enhanced survival of all tested tree species. Prescribed burning enhanced the survival rate of birch and rowan, but aspen survival was only enhanced by burning on clearcuts and areas with 50 m3/ha of retention trees. Excluding moose enhanced rowan growth and birch survival. Aspen growth and survival was enhanced when both moose and hare were excluded. Seedlings were most frequently browsed on clearcuts, and most seedling mortality was caused by voles or hare. At low densities, the effect of moose on pioneer trees may be smaller than that of other herbivores or the fire–management regime. Considering the large number of species depending on pioneer trees, the results support the use of tree retention and fire as useful management alternatives not only to promote biodiversity but also to enhance regeneration of deciduous trees and reduce herbivore damage.
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Hu, Jianpei, and Zengnan Mo. "Dissection of tumor antigens and immune landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Preconditions for development and precision medicine of mRNA vaccine." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 2 (2022): 2157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<abstract> <p>Accumulating evidence reveals that mRNA-type cancer vaccines could be exploited as cancer immunotherapies in various solid tumors. However, the use of mRNA-type cancer vaccines in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify potential tumor antigens for the development of an anti-ccRCC mRNA vaccine. In addition, this study aimed to determine immune subtypes of ccRCC to guide the selection of patients to receive the vaccine. Raw sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Further, the cBioPortal website was used to visualize and compare genetic alterations. GEPIA2 was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of preliminary tumor antigens. Moreover, the TIMER web server was used to evaluate correlations between the expression of specific antigens and the abundance of infiltrated antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Single-cell RNA sequencing data of ccRCC was used to explore the expression of potential tumor antigens at single-cell resolution. The immune subtypes of patients were analyzed by the consensus clustering algorithm. Furthermore, the clinical and molecular discrepancies were further explored for a deep understanding of the immune subtypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the genes according to the immune subtypes. Finally, the sensitivity of drugs commonly used in ccRCC with diverse immune subtypes was investigated. The results revealed that the tumor antigen, LRP2, was associated with a good prognosis and enhanced the infiltration of APCs. ccRCC could be divided into two immune subtypes (IS1 and IS2) with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. The IS1 group showed a poorer overall survival with an immune-suppressive phenotype than the IS2 group. Additionally, a large spectrum of differences in the expression of immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death modulators were observed between the two subtypes. Lastly, the genes correlated with the immune subtypes were involved in multiple immune-related processes. Therefore, LRP2 is a potential tumor antigen that could be used to develop an mRNA-type cancer vaccine in ccRCC. Furthermore, patients in the IS2 group were more suitable for vaccination than those in the IS1 group.</p> </abstract>
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Hasnain, Maria, Neelma Munir, Zainul Abideen, Daniel Anthony Dias, Farheen Aslam, and Roberto Mancinelli. "Applying Silver Nanoparticles to Enhance Metabolite Accumulation and Biodiesel Production in New Algal Resources." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biofuel generation from algae can be increased by using nanotechnology. The present study emphasizes the use of silver nanoparticles on algae for algal fuel generation along with the impact of nanoparticles on biomass, metabolites and lipid profile. Silver ion amassing was enhanced in each algal species, but maximum phytoremediation was found in Ulothrix sp. Carbohydrates increased 3.2 times in Oedogonium sp., 3.3 times in Ulothrix sp., 3 times in Cladophora sp. and 2.7 times in Spirogyra sp. Additionally, the application of nanoparticles enhanced by 2 times the production of proteins in Oedogonium sp., 1.9 times in Ulothrix sp., 1.9 times in Cladophora sp. and 2.1 times in Spirogyra sp. Finally, the total lipid yield increased 60% DCW in Oedogonium sp., 56% DCW in Ulothrix sp., 58% DCW in Cladophora sp. and 63% DCW in Spirogyra sp. using 0.08 mg/L silver nanoparticle application. The lipids and fatty acid fractions from algae containing high concentrations of C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 enhanced with silver nanoparticle addition were comparable with EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 biodiesel standards. This study indicates that the uptake of AgNPs can enhance the production of fatty acids and be commercialized as sustainable biodiesel. The algae Ulothrix sp. is evidenced as the best competent feedstock for biofuel production.
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Cheng, Cong, Wei Chen, Yuanfu Lu, Fangming Ruan, and Guangyuan Li. "Large Near-Field Enhancement in Terahertz Antennas by Using Hyperbolic Metamaterials with Hole Arrays." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Terahertz antennas can greatly enhance the near fields and enable strong light–matter interactions, and thus have been widely used in applications such as terahertz sensing and detection. Here we propose a novel approach to further enhance the near fields in terahertz antennas. We show that by sandwiching hyperbolic metamaterials that are composed of InSb and SiO 2 multilayer and that are dressed with hole arrays, between a terahertz dipole antenna and the substrate, the near-field electric field intensities in the antenna can be further enhanced by more than three times. Simulations reveal that this enhancement originates from the doubly enhanced in-plane electric field component and the significantly enhanced out-of-plane electric field component. We expect this work will advance the design of terahertz antennas that are widely used in sensors and detectors.
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Tharek, Ameerah, Shaza Eva Mohamad, Koji Iwamoto, Iwane Suzuki, Hirofumi Hara, Rozzeta Dolah, Shinji Yoshizaki, Haryati Jamaluddin, Madihah Md Salleh, and Adibah Yahya. "Enhanced astaxanthin production by oxidative stress using methyl viologen as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagent in green microalgae Coelastrum sp." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 25, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.54092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microalgae are known to be a potential resource of high-value metabolites that can be used in the growing field of biotechnology. These metabolites constitute valuable compounds with a wide range of applications that strongly enhance a bio-based economy. Among these metabolites, astaxanthin is considered the most important secondary metabolite, having superior antioxidant properties. For commercial feasibility, microalgae with enhanced astaxanthin production need to be developed. In this study, the tropical green microalgae strain, Coelastrum sp., isolated from the environment in Malaysia, was incubated with methyl viologen, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagent that generates superoxide anion radicals (O2-) as an enhancer to improve the accumulation of astaxanthin. The effect of different concentrations of methyl viologen on astaxanthin accumulation was investigated. The results suggested that the supplementation of methyl viologen at low concentration (0.001 mM) was successfully used as a ROS reagent in facilitating and thereby increasing the production of astaxanthin in Coelastrum sp. at a rate 1.3 times higher than in the control.
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Weon, Seunghyun. "Photocatalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide Using Synergy of Redox-Separated Photocatalyst and Ozone." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238482.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Separating the redox centers of photocatalysts is the most promising strategy to enhance photocatalytic oxidation efficiency. Herein, I investigate a site-selective loading of Pt on facet-engineered TiO2 to achieve carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation at room temperature. Spatially loaded Pt on {101} facets of TiO2 attracts photoinduced electrons efficiently. Thereby, oxygen dissociation is facilitated on the Pt surface, which is confirmed by enhanced oxidation of CO by 2.4 times compared to the benchmark of Pt/TiO2. The remaining holes on TiO2 can be utilized for the oxidation of various gaseous pollutants. Specifically, gaseous ozone, which is present in indoor and ambient air, is converted to a hydroxyl radical by reacting with the hole; thus, the poisoned Pt surface is continuously cleaned during the CO oxidation, as confirmed by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared transform spectroscopy. While randomly loaded Pt can act as recombination center, reducing photocatalytic activity, redox-separated photocatalyst enhances charge separation, boosting CO oxidation and catalyst regeneration via simultaneous ozone decomposition.
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Abrahamse, Elger, Rob van der Lubbe, Willem Verwey, Izabela Szumska, and Piotr Jaśkowski. "Redundant sensory information does not enhance sequence learning in the serial reaction time task." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 8, no. 2 (June 28, 2012): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0108-y.
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Cuellar, J. M., P. X. Montesano, J. F. Antognini, and E. Carstens. "Application of Nucleus Pulposus to L5 Dorsal Root Ganglion in Rats Enhances Nociceptive Dorsal Horn Neuronal Windup." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (July 2005): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00762.2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herniation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) from lumbar intervertebral discs commonly results in radiculopathic pain possibly through a neuroinflammatory response. NP sensitizes dorsal horn neuronal responses, but it is unknown whether this reflects a central or peripheral sensitization. To study central sensitization, we tested if NP enhances windup—the progressive increase in the response of a nociceptive spinal neuron to repeated electrical C-fiber stimulation—a phenomenon that may partly account for temporal summation of pain. Single-unit recordings were made from wide dynamic range (WDR; n = 36) or nociceptive-specific (NS; n = 8) L5 dorsal horn neurons in 44 isoflurane-anesthetized rats. Subcutaneous electrodes delivered electrical stimuli (20 pulses, 3 times the C-fiber threshold, 0.5 ms) to the receptive field on the hindpaw. Autologous NP was harvested from a tail disc and placed onto the L5 dorsal root ganglion after recording of baseline responses ( n = 22). Controls had saline applied similarly ( n = 22). Electrical stimulus trains (0.1, 0.3, and 1 Hz; 5-min interstimulus interval) were repeated every 30 min for 3–6 h after each treatment. The total number of evoked spikes (summed across all 20 stimuli) to 0.1 Hz was enhanced 3 h after NP, mainly in the after-discharge (AD) period (latency > 400 ms). Total responses to 0.3 and 1.0 Hz were also enhanced at ≥60 min after NP in both the C-fiber (100- to 400-ms latency) and AD periods, whereas the absolute windup (C-fiber + AD − 20 times the initial response) increased at ≥90 min after treatment. In saline controls, windup was not enhanced at any time after treatment for any stimulus frequency, although there was a trend toward enhancement at 0.3 Hz. These results are consistent with NP-induced central sensitization. Mechanical responses were not significantly enhanced after saline or NP treatment. We speculate that inflammatory agents released from (or recruited by) NP affect the dorsal root ganglion (and/or are transported to cord) to enhance primary afferent excitation of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons.
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Honig, Alice Sterling. "Exercise times enhance child skill building." Early Child Development and Care 189, no. 9 (October 30, 2017): 1457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1388353.
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FABUNMI, Thomas O., and Joyce U. AMALAHU. "Tuber Depth and Yield Response of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) to Soil Texture and Rates of Poultry and Pig Manure." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb11210426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate tuber depth and weight of tiger nut produced in loamy fine sand and sandy clay soil using 0, 200, 300 or 400 g per pot of poultry or pig manure in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design and replicated three times. Total tuber weight and weight of tubers at 10 cm were significantly increased by application of manure compared with the control. Significant interaction of soil texture X manure types X manure rates was recorded on weight of tubers at 20 cm. Percentage of tubers at 0-10 cm was 90.6-92.1% (91.5-93.6% tuber weight); while 6.68-8.96% of the tubers (5.49-8.47% tuber weight) were harvested between 10-20 cm soil depth; only 0-0.94% of the tuber weight was harvested beyond 20 cm depth. Pig manure had positive effect on tiger nut productivity on loamy fine sand and sandy clay soil, while with poultry manure tiger nut productivity was enhanced on sandy clay soil; 300 g of pig or poultry manure produced similar weight of tiger nut tubers and is considered optimum for tiger nut productivity. Sandy clay and loamy fine sand had similar effect on depth and yield of tiger nut. More than 99% of the tubers were confined to 0-20 cm soil depth. Information on how deep the tubers of tiger nut can grow in soil of different texture and fertility status will enhance precise harvesting.