Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Engraved printing plate"

Under-glaze tissue ceramic transfer printing first developed circa 1750 and involved engraved or etched copper plates, from which tissue was printed with cobalt blue oxides. Under-glaze tissue has a very distinctive, subtle quality - it is an integral part of both English ceramic history and the history of copperplate engraving. The process was common in the UK ceramics industry until the1980s. However from the 1950s it began to be supplemented by screen-printing, because underglaze tissue transfer was relatively slow and required skilled artisans to apply the transfers. The authors are collaborating with Burleigh Pottery in Stoke-on-Trent, the last remaining company to produce ceramic tableware decorated using the traditional printed under-glaze tissue method. The pottery was recently saved from closure by the HRH Prince Charles Regeneration Trust, who wish to maintain the traditional manufacturing skills for the next 25 years. The Centre for Fine Print Research (CFPR) in Bristol has been reappraising the use of these traditional 19th Century skills with modern materials and methods for producing engraved plates. The project seeks to demonstrate how those 19th Century methods can be applied by contemporary ceramic artists. The paper will explain the process of ink manufacture, heating the plate for printing, digital methods of making plates and the use of potters tissue.

During intaglio (gravure) printing, a blade wipes excess ink from the engraved plate with the object of leaving ink-filled cells defining the image to be printed. That objective is not completely attained. Capillarity draws some ink from the cell into a meniscus connecting the blade to the substrate, and the continuing motion of the engraved plate smears that ink over its surface. By examining the limit of vanishing capillary number ($Ca$, based on substrate speed), we reduce the problem of determining smear volume to one of hydrostatics. Using numerical solutions of the corresponding free-boundary problem for the Stokes equations of motion, we show that the hydrostatic theory provides an upper bound to smear volume for finite $Ca$. The theory explains why polishing to reduce the tip radius of the blade is an effective way to control smearing.

Gravure printing is widely applied in packaging printing and the ink transfer is very important for printing quality. Ink transfer affects the ink uniform, thickness and dot gain, so it is necessary to optimize the parameter of the gravure plate making. At present, some investigations are developed for the ink transfer only qualitatively. In this paper, the influence of screen ruling and engraving needle tip angle on ink transfer is researched experimentally. Firstly, the standard test gravure plate was prepared, and then the gravure plates are engraved at different parameter combining the screen ruling and engraving needle tip angle. Finally, the printing samples are obtained, from which the transfer amount and the density are measured. This paper, the amount of ink transfer and the density are investigated, and the results show that screen ruling and engraving needle tip angle affect the ink transfer amount.

In order to guarantee the quality of the gravure cylinder making. Three kinds of characteristic files generation software (Monaco、Profile-Maker and GMG Profile Editor) are used to generate the characteristic files of electronic engraved gravure print. The generated characteristic files “profile” which use different methods of color management, is used to conduct color management to gravure cylinder making. Then study the color rendering of the printed matter, analyze and compare the software which generates the gravure printing characteristic files “ICC” and the methods of color management. The results show that in comparison the color gamut of the characteristic files which using the software “Monaco” to generate is bigger; the characteristic files which using the software “Profile make” is smaller in the color gamut range of blue to chartreuse; the characteristic files which using the software “GMG Profile Editer” is more excellent than others in the a axis (the color gamut range of red and green). Using the method of color management “GMG” conduct color management to gravure cylinder making, can get the good consequent, which is the best method of color management to gravure printing.

Gravure printing has been applied widely in flexible packaging, building materials and other fields, and amount of ink transfer is an important factor to affect the printing quality and depends largely on the volume of the gravure cell. The volume of cell is affected by gravure process parameters such as screen lines, cell angle and engraving needle angle, so the volume of cell is calculated difficulty, and it is difficulty for the optimization of the gravure plate-making process. This paper presents a computing model calculating the volume of gravure cell. The cells for three kind of dot coverage rate are carved with 70LPC screening lines and 120°needle angle, their opening length, width and depth are measured by cell measuring instrument, their relation is been found by MATLAB and the computing model is built to calculate the cell volume model .The results show that the computing model is suitable for different cell angle, and the cell volume depends the screening rules, cell angle, needle angle and the cell depth. If the depth for different dot coverage rate is measured the cell volume will be calculated.

AbstractIn this work we study computationally the dynamics of a liquid bridge formed between a two-dimensional trapezoidal cavity, which represents an axisymmetric cell or a plane groove engraved in a roll, and a moving plate. The flow is a model of the liquid transfer process in gravure printing systems. The considered plate kinematics represents the actual motion of a roll-to-roll system, which includes extension, shear and rotation relative to the cavity. The fluid flow is modelled by solving the Stokes equations, discretized with the finite element method; the evolving free surfaces are accommodated by employing a pseudosolid mesh deforming algorithm. The results show that as the roll radius is reduced, thus increasing the lateral and rotational motions of the top plate relative to the cavity, a larger volume of liquid is transferred to the plate. However, due to lateral displacement of the contact lines, special care must be taken concerning the wettability properties of the substrate to avoid errors in the pattern fidelity. The predictions also show a strong nonlinear behaviour of the liquid fraction extracted from a cavity as a function of the capillary number. At high capillary numbers the fluid dynamics is mainly controlled by the extensional motion due to the strong contact line pinning. However, at low values of the capillary number, the contact lines have higher mobility and the liquid fraction primarily depends on the lateral and rotational plate velocity. These mechanisms tend to drag the fluid outside the cavity and increase the liquid fraction transferred to the plate, as has been observed in experiments.

John Smeaton was engaged from 1755 to 1761 in an abortive attempt to improve the navigation of the river Clyde up to Glasgow. His volumes of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Designs in the Library of the Royal Society contain the maps and plans of the scheme. One is entitled ‘The River of Clyde surveyed by John Watt’. Although surveyed by John Watt in 1734, it was only published posthumously by his nephew James Watt, the famous steam engine improver, in 1759 who revised it with the assistance of his own father and brother. James Watt had helped survey the Clyde in conjunction with Smeaton's schemes in 1758. The background of Smeaton's work is outlined and the story of the revision of the map and its printing in Edinburgh covered. A second edition was run off in 1794 when John Rennie discovered the engraved copper plate at the Edinburgh printers.

The crafts such as lacquerware have made unique strides through decorating techniques using gold such as “Makie”, the technique to draw picture by scattering powdered gold, and “Chinkin”, the technique to rub gold into the design engraved by carving knives. In conventional techniques, practical knowledge and ability are essential to produce craft products. Therefore, screen printing which consists of simple processes has been developed. However, screen printing requires a masking plate made of silk or nylon to create patterns for transcribing ink into objects. This paper presents the formation of a decorative film by inkjet printing with gold nanoparticles for crafts such as lacquerware. The proposed method consists of on-demand process, which makes design changeable without masking. The aims are threefold: 1) to establish a sintering process of gold nanoparticles for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and phenol resin substrates used for synthetic resin products; 2) to characterize the sintered gold film; 3) to examine applicability to industry. The major results obtained are as follows: the appearance and the reflectance spectra of the gold nanoparticle film vary with heat conditions; the proper heat conditions which prevent thermal damage to substrates are the temperature of 373 K or below for the ABS resin substrate, and 423 K or below for the phenol resin substrate, respectively; the gold nanoparticle film possessed a good surface integrity without any voids when the sintering temperature is higher than 323 K for 1 h. Moreover, the film had such a high adhesion to substrates that no separation occurred after cross-cut test; the proposed method applied a lacquerware product made of ABS resin, yielding the decorative film

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to compare the dimensional stability of dies obtained from addition silicone and polyether impressions that were reheated or subjected to vacuum treatment. Materials and methods A master die was constructed of a rectangular stainless steel block on to which a photosensitive nylon printing plate attached which contains engraved test grooves. A custom-tray was fabricated and impressions were made using addition silicone and polyether before and after the two treatments. A total of 90 impressions and dies were made from both the elastomers and divided as control group, group I (reheated impressions) and group II (vacuum-treated impressions). A comparative analysis was done to determine which dies yielded the best dimensional accuracy compared to that of the master die. Results The minimum percentage dimensional change was observed in test dies made from addition silicone impressions of group I (reheated impressions), followed by the test dies made from polyether impressions in control group. The maximum percentage dimensional change was observed in test dies made from polyether impressions in group I (reheated impressions), followed by the test dies made from addition silicone impressions in group II (vacuum-treated impressions). Conclusion The dies obtained from reheated addition silicone impressions yielded the best dimensional stability overall when compared with that of the master die. The dies made of polyether impressions after reheating were not clinically acceptable, because of its hydrophilic nature swelled when they were reheated in a water bath.

The sixth edition of Camden’s Britannia was published in 1607 with over fifty county maps printed from engraved plates. It was a pioneering work. In 1611, John Speed published his Theatre of The Empire of Great Britaine, again with over fifty county maps, many of them engraved by Jodocus Hondius from Amsterdam, and with an abridged version of Camden’s text. These books established a model that was followed later in Amsterdam itself in the great atlases of Blaeu and Janssonius. One of the ways Camden sought to augment the authority of his work was by using Anglo-Saxon types in his text for county names and the occasional passage in Anglo-Saxon (Old English). As the practice persisted, the progress of these type-designs is examined in relation to the development of the atlases. While Hondius’ map-making skills were imported to add to the English text, when the English text was brought to Amsterdam to add to the Dutch maps, the Dutch printers had to use their own skills to reproduce the Anglo-Saxon characters.

Дисертаційна робота присвячена встановленню закономірностей впливу технологічних факторів металографічного друку на якість відбитків. Для виконання роботи було використано профілометричні методи дослідження поверхні зразків (механічна, оптична профілометрія); мікроскопічні методи дослідження поверхні та мікротомних зрізів зразків; органолептично-експертний метод тактильної дискримінації зразків; експертний аналіз якості зразків. Розроблено узагальнену ієрархічну модель формування якості відбитків у процесі металографічного друку, розроблено комплекс моделей залежності якості відбитків від технологічних факторів, експериментально підтверджено характер залежності формування фарбового рельєфу від параметрів друкарської форми та факторів друкарського процесу. Також у роботі здійснено моделювання впливу теплообмінних процесів та інерційності процесу на процес формування фарбового шару та моделювання впливу профілю тиску у друкарському контакті та виду профілю гравійованих елементів форми на процес проникнення та розподіл фарби в об’ємі паперу.
Intaglio printing is one of the basic methods for protection of the strict accounting documents, in particular banknotes, all over the world. The peculiarity of this printing method is the possibility to form the strokes with different ink layer thickness (up to 320 microns) on the prints. It provides identification of the authenticity of the strict accounting documents by the public, including visually impaired people. But there is the paucity of theoretical and practical developments regarding the intaglio printing. Thus, the determination of the principles of the ink layer formation and its dependence on the influence of technological parameters of the process to provide high quality of intaglio printing is an topical scientific and technical task. The dissertation is devoted to establish the regularities of the influence of the intaglio printing technological factors on the prints quality. The generalized hierarchical model of prints quality forming, based on a detailed analysis of professional literature and scientific sources, was developed. A group of quality indicators and the main technological factors that influence prints quality were determined for the generalized hierarchical model of prints quality forming. The phenomenological model of intaglio ink transferring was developed and a mathematical description of physical processes, occurring during intaglio ink transferring, was made. Thus, the basic technological parameters that influence the prints quality were determined. It was found that the most effective factors that influence the quality of the ink relief forming are the geometric parameters of the plate as well as the technological print parameters, such as print pressure and print speed. The model of intaglio ink penetration and its distribution during intaglio printing was created. It allowed to investigate how the pressure that acts throughout the printing contact can influence the ink penetration depth. The modeling of the influence of heat exchange processes and the inertia of the process on the intaglio ink layer formation was carried out. These models explained the cause of asymmetry of the cross-sectional shape of strokes obtained by the intaglio printing. The results of modeling are confirmed by experimental research which was carried out with using of the developed method of determination of the generalized quality index of intaglio printing. The determination of the index is based on surface profilometric and microscopic analyses as well as on organoleptic and visual analyses of prints. The method allowed to increase the objectivity of quality evaluating and detect the regularities of the influence of the technological process parameters on the intaglio prints quality parameters. Based on the experimental study results, it was recommended to use a printing plate with the engraved elements of a rectangular profile or trapezoidal profile with an angle of 75 degrees and the element width to depth ratio of more than 1.3 times. It was also recommended to use reduced printing speed and high pressure in printing nip. The correlation analysis of the dependence of the generalized quality index on technological factors was made. As a result, the ranking of the factors on the weight of their influence was carried out. These conclusions became the basis for the recommendations given to the NBU Banknote Printing and Minting Works. The recommendations were aimed at ensuring the quality of the intaglio printing which is produced by the plates made by direct laser engraving. The system of technological assurance of banknotes quality in the process of intaglio printing was developed. As a basis for the system, the developed software for determining of the dependence of the quality printing parameters on technological factors as well as the software for determining of the ink layer thickness were used. By using this system in the manufacturing it is possible to improve the autonomy of the prints quality control process and to normalize the reproduction.
Диссертация посвящена установлению закономерностей влияния технологических факторов металлографской печати на качество оттисков. Для выполнения работы были использованы профилометрические методы исследования поверхности образцов (механическая, оптическая профилометрия) микроскопические методы исследования поверхности и микротомальных срезов образцов; органолептическо-экспертный метод тактильной дискриминации образцов; экспертный анализ качества образцов. В результате работы была разработана обобщенная иерархическая модель формирования качества оттисков в процессе металлографской печати, разработан комплекс моделей зависимости качества оттисков от технологических факторов, экспериментально подтвержден характер зависимости формирования красочного рельефа от параметров печатной формы и факторов печатного процесса. Также в работе осуществлено моделирование влияния теплообменных процессов и инерционности процесса на процесс формирования красочного слоя и моделирования влияния профиля давления в печатном контакте и вида профиля гравированных элементов формы на процесс проникновения и распределение краски в структуре бумаги.