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1
Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdul-Fattah. "Translation of English idioms into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 50, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.50.2.03abu.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper consists of three parts; the first part examines the definition of “idiom” as a technical term, primarily from a translational perspective, and the strategies usually employed by Arab translators when translating English idioms. The second part analyses the Arabic translations given in a sample of two hundred and fifty-three English idioms in terms of strategies and the significance of their frequency. This analysis reveals four important things: 1. Statistically, the most common strategy applied is paraphrasing, followed closely by literal translations and semantic equivalence, with omission, compensation and other strategies being of significantly less importance; 2. Literal translation has allowed certain English idioms to become part of Arabic lexis; 3. A disproportionately large number of the translations are literal and, therefore, sound “foreign” or are deemed void of sense to the Arab reader, 4. Literal (and therefore erroneous) translations in the target language arise primarily from the failure of the translator to decipher the meaning of the idiom in question. The last part revisits literal translation in order to understand its nature, reasons for its prevalence, its effect on the translated text and its impact on the Arabic language. Résumé Cet article comprend trois parties. La première partie examine la définition de «l’idiome » comme terme technique, essentiellement du point de vue de la traduction, et les stratégies généralement utilisées par les traducteurs arabes quand ils traduisent des idiomes anglais. La seconde partie analyse les traductions arabes données dans un échantillon de deux cent cinquante-trois idiomes anglais, en fonction des stratégies et de la signification de leur fréquence. Cette analyse révèle quatre éléments importants: 1. Statistiquement, la stratégie la plus couramment utilisée est la paraphrase, suivie de près par les traductions littérales et l’équivalence sémantique, l’omission, la compensation et autres stratégies étant d’une importance moins significative. 2. La traduction littérale a permis à certains idiomes anglais d’entrer dans le lexique arabe. 3. Un nombre disproportionné de traductions sont littérales et, par conséquent, elles ont une consonance «étrangère» ou elles sont jugées vides de sens par le lecteur arabe. 4. Les traductions littérales (et donc erronées) dans la langue cible viennent principalement de l’incapacité du traducteur à déchiffrer la signification de l’idiome en question.La dernière partie réexamine la traduction littérale afin de comprendre sa nature, les raisons de sa fréquence, son effet sur le texte traduit et son impact sur la langue arabe.
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Abdullah M Alharthi, Raghad. "Strategies of Translating Word Formation in James Joyce’s Ulysses from English into Arabic." Arab World English Journal, no. 286 (August 30, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/th.286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study investigates strategies for translating word formation in Ulysses (1922) by James Joyce. The study also identifies the translation strategies used by an Arabic translator to render neologisms in the novel into the target language. The study draws on the Venuti model of translation. Applying the Venuti model to the translations of word formations into Arabic will test their adequacy. Different new words resulting from the word formation process were used in the selected data. The findings show that these new words were translated into Arabic using different strategies. The Arabic translator used literal translation in many cases of word formation due to the lack of similar equivalent words in the target language. The study shows that the Arabic translator tries to imitate Joyce by coining words in Arabic. The study should be continued in further analyses that use other data to prove that the Venuti model is not sufficient for translating this type of literary text
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Alhassan, Awad, Yasser Muhammad Naguib Sabtan, and Lamis Omar. "Using Parallel Corpora in the Translation Classroom: Moving towards a Corpus-driven Pedagogy for Omani Translation Major Students." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research has shown that parallel corpora have potential benefits for translator training and education. Most of the current available Arabic corpora, modern standard or dialectical, are monolingual in nature and there is an apparent lack in the Arabic-English parallel corpora for translation classroom. The present study was aimed to investigate the translation problems encountered by Omani translation major students when translating from Arabic into English with a view to proposing some corpus-informed pedagogy approach for training student translators to overcome these challenges by looking at some model samples of professional translation. Thirty students voluntarily took part in the investigation. The study adopted a combination of both corpus and qualitative methodology whereby some typical problems students would encounter when translating from Arabic-into-English were selected along with some specific Arabic texts involving these problems were prepared and the participants were asked to translate them into English. The participants were provided with some samples of the parallel English translated texts and were asked to compare and contrast their translations with these samples and reflect on the overall experience. They were then interviewed to explore their impressions about and the extent to which they think that parallel corpora would help them improve their translation. Results of data analysis indicated that the participants experienced several translation challenges. They, however, showed an overall positive attitude towards parallel Arabic-English corpora as they reportedly found them very helpful in improving their translation. Pedagogical implications for corpus-informed translation teaching, training and materials design and development are presented and discussed.
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Bazzi, Samia. "A model solution for English-Arabic-English translation students." Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 4, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 282–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00013.baz.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper proposes a model that addresses students’ common errors in English-Arabic-English translation. My study documents an attempt to develop a new interconnectedness between students’ errors and translation theories that may improve their performance when translating different genres. Consistent and repeated errors produced by tens of students working on the same texts were compiled and analyzed. The errors showed lack of knowledge of genre structure, functional analysis, appropriate intervention as well as lack of understanding of the wider context upon which appropriate decisions can be made. The methodology expounded in this study involves describing and categorizing students’ errors. It suggests solutions grounded in translation theory and proposes comparisons with professional translations. This methodology proved to be very successful during my teaching experience at the Lebanese University.1 The model solution developed in this study draws on genre analysis, text-typology, text-functionality, register analysis, and equivalence. The application of the model solution minimized students’ errors to a large extent and enabled them to provide accurate descriptions of different translation strategies and critically assess professional translations.
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Akki, Fouad, and Mohammed Larouz. "A Comparative Study of English-Arabic-English Translation Constraints among EFL Students." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 2, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v2i3.163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because most of the previous research on translation constraints in English-Arabic-English translation has separately investigated English-Arabic and Arabic-English translation problems, the current study is meant to compare the constraints that EFL students face across the two translation types. To attain this objective, English-Arabic and Arabic-English tests were administered to forty-seven (N= 47) EFL students in two Moroccan university educational settings to measure their abilities in the two translation domains. The results reveal that the participants' scores in both versions are not at the expected ability level due to the obstacles they encounter in the translation process. The study also shows that having a good ability in the English-Arabic version cannot strongly predict a similar good ability in Arabic-English translation because of the different natures of the two languages, which suggests taking more care of the student’s proficiency in English and Arabic languages and exposing students to their distinctive aspects for the sake of coming up with accurate and appropriate translations. The study ends with implications for pedagogy and recommendations for future researchers.
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Bahumaid, Showqi. "Investigating Cultural Competence in English-Arabic Translator Training Programs." Meta 55, no. 3 (December 9, 2010): 569–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045078ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This empirical study investigates the level of translation competence in English-Arabic translation among postgraduate translator trainees in the American University of Sharjah and the University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. It specifically examines the trainees’ competence in rendering from English into Arabic a carefully selected sample of fifteen culture-specific expressions used in contextualized sentences, as well as the trainees’ awareness of the translation procedures employed in their renditions. The results have revealed the informants’ rather low performance in the renditions of culture-bound expressions from English into Arabic; their major types of errors involved incorrect meaning, under-translation and omission. The errors have been mainly attributed to the informants’ inadequate knowledge of English culture, their lack of awareness of the significance of the translation brief while translating, and their inappropriate use of dictionaries. Further, the informants’ improper knowledge of the translation procedures employed in rendering culture-specific expressions has been evidenced. The paper ends by offering some suggestions for developing cultural competence in postgraduate English-Arabic translator training programmes.
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Tarawneh, Rula Tahsin, and Islam Mousa Al-Momani. "Contrastive Analysis of Translation Shifts in Lexical Repetition in Arabic-English Legal Translations." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 1 (November 24, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n1p69.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study investigates some preliminary generalizations regarding the standards regulating the translation types and directions, the lexical repeatability of legal texts shifts. It also compares lexical repetition in Arabic legal texts and that of the corresponding English translation on the basis of lexical repetition type, frequency and distribution. It is a descriptive study that employed parallel corpora to compare lexical repetition in the source language (SL) text with its translation in the target language (TL) text. The research corpus consists of an Arabic legal text and its English translation. The researcher examined the different forms of shifts in the translated text, and the motivation of the translator for utilizing each translation shifts. The result proves that translation shift is an inevitable phenomenon. The various types of translation fell under three categories - avoidance of lexical repetition, retention with alteration, and addition of repetition. In the process of translation from Arabic to English, certain basic concepts cannot be replaced; and as such a translational shift (in lexical repetition) is required to appropriately convey ideas from Arabic to English. Arabic tends to use lexical repetition (LR) more than English, but for the legal texts, English uses LR as well as Arabic. The most common shift detected in this corpus is Partial shift. The results display that the roles of ‘repetition’ are not always preserved, sometimes they can be lost. Multiple translation methods were utilized by the translator. These include deletion, paraphrase, synonym and near-synonym, modulation and pronominalisation.
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Jabak, Omar Osman. "Contrastive Analysis of Arabic-English Translation of Legal Texts." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1302.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study aims to provide a contrastive analysis of Arabic-English translation of ten legal texts with an eye to evaluating the accuracy of the translation. The researcher collected the data from El-Farahaty’s (2015) Arabic–English–Arabic Legal Translation. A contrastive analysis was developed to assess the accuracy of the translation of the legal texts selected. The examination of the source legal texts and the translations provided either by the authoress of the book herself or the sources from which she collected them revealed serious errors such as overtranslation, omission of translating important words in the source texts, wrong choice of equivalents in the target language, gloss translation, punctuation mistakes in the target texts and grammatical mistakes in the target texts. Further research on the assessment of Arabic-English translation of legal texts is required to encourage professional legal translators and scholars to approach legal translation more professionally and responsibly.
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Farghal, Mohammed, and Mohammed O. Al-Shorafat. "The Translation of English Passives into Arabic." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.8.1.06far.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The study aims to check the intuitions reported in studies on the translation of English passives into Arabic against empirical data that consist of translations of English passive utterances as they naturally occur in an English text. It inquires into the linguistic strategies and resources that translators from English into Arabic fall back on when encountering passive utterances. It is shown that translators employ many strategies with this order of frequency: nominalization, adjectivalization, passivization, activization and pseudo-activization. It is also shown that the claim that Arabic does not tolerate agentive passives is inadequate, since Arabic translators use a variety offormal markers in translating English agentive passives. Thus, the study demonstrates that English passivization is predominantly structure-based, whereas Arabic passivization is predominantly semantics-based.
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Sayaheen, Mohannad, Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi, and Bilal Sayaheen. "FOREIGNIZING OR DOMESTICATING ENGLISH CHILDREN’S LITERATURE TRANSLATED INTO ARABIC: THE CASE OF ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 2, no. 8 (December 15, 2019): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.280013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated two significant translation methods, namely foreignization and domestication, when translating children’s literature from English into Arabic. The purpose of the study is to find answers for two questions. First, do the norms regulate the translation of English children’s literature into Arabic. Second, to which method do translators opt for when translating English children’s literature into Arabic. The current paper attempts to identifying whether translating English children’s literature into Arabic is regulated by norms or not. The translator has one option when translating a text, either to domesticate or to foreignize the text based on Schleiermacher’s method of translation. Two translated versions of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland were analysed at the level of diction and discourse. A descriptive analysis of the norms was used to analyse this study and specific theoretical frameworks were used by the researchers in order to classify the selected items. The classification included ten major categories proposed by Klingberg (1986). After spotting the selected items based on the mentioned theoretical framework, each item translated in both versions was classified based on the two main methods that consist the centre of the current study i.e., domestication and foreignization Pedersen (2005). The results of the analysis show that the translations of these two Arabic versions are not systematically regulated by norms; examples of both foreignization and domestication were found in both versions. However, the analysis shows that either domestication or foreignization is more prevalent in each version.
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Hasan, Najat Abdul Rahman, and Sufian Hatam Najim. "Problems of Translating American Business Jargons into Arabic." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 27, no. 7 (September 26, 2020): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.27.7.2020.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper tackles the translation of American business jargons into Arabic.Based on the fact that American dialect as a form of non-standard English language is characterized by special vocabularies and linguistic forms which makes it's translation into Arabic a relatively difficult task for novice and incompetent translators. Thus, when handling the task of translating such jargons into Arabic, the translator will encounter a twofold challenge, first he should be fully aware of the American dialect before he would be able to translate it into standard English, secondly, the translator will then convey the resulting meaning from English into Arabic.The rationale behind this research is that translating business jargons in general and American ones in particular has not yet been given the proper attention. This lack of interest might be attributed to the complexity and sophistication associated with the translation of such jargons.The translation model of Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) has been adopted, since it provides an appropriate framework for this study.The study hypothesizes that there is no one to one translation equivalence between the meanings of some lexical items in the translation of American business jargons from English into Arabic. It also hypothesizes that translating these jargons represents a complicated task that only competent translators can tackle.The study aims at defining the main problems of translating American business jargons into Arabic, in addition to exploring the main translation strategies used in the translation process.To verify the accuracy of the hypotheses, the study includes a practical chapter which tackles the translation and analysis of 8 American business jargons into Arabic. The translation task has been assigned to (5) 4th class translation students at the (Translation Department/ College of Arts/ University of Mosul). Their renderings have been thoroughly verified and assessed to specify errors and misinterpretations.Based on the results attained, a number of conclusions are outlined.
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Faruquzzaman Akan, Md, Md Rezaul Karim, and Abdullah Mohammad Kabir Chowdhury. "An Analysis of Arabic-English Translation: Problems and Prospects." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.1p.58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research paper is designed with a view to looking into various problems of translating Arabic texts into English and fixing them with prospective and suitable solutions. As translation is a very sensitive and subtle task of language studies, it involves some serious issues to deal with. However, it becomes a more complex task when we translate from Arabic to English. So, a translator must have the critical linguistic knowledge in tackling both the surface and underlying relations of language. Translation also entails the transferring and transforming a variety of characteristic elements from one language into the other. As Arabic and English are of different and distant origins, any translation from one script into the other poses a lot of difficulties such as in the areas of vocabulary, grammar, sound, style and usage. The present paper addresses the problems relating to translating the Arabic texts, specially of the language, into English as well as resolving the obstructions in a practical, possible and acceptable way on the bases of types of readership, text, context, culture and so forth. To make this work more accessible to the non-native users of the Arabic language, Arabic IPA transcriptions are furnished wherever necessary.
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Al-Shalabi, Riyad, Ghassan Kanaan, Huda Al-Sarhan, Alaa Drabsh, and Islam Al-Husban. "Evaluating Machine Translations from Arabic into English and Vice Versa." International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 3, no. 2 (June 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2017.3.2.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract—Machine translation (MT) allows direct communication between two persons without the need for the third party or via dictionary in your pocket, which could bring significant and per formative improvement. Since most traditional translational way is a word-sensitive, it is very important to consider the word order in addition to word selection in the evaluation of any machine translation. To evaluate the MT performance, it is necessary to dynamically observe the translation in the machine translator tool according to word order, and word selection and furthermore the sentence length. However, applying a good evaluation with respect to all previous points is a very challenging issue. In this paper, we first summarize various approaches to evaluate machine translation. We propose a practical solution by selecting an appropriate powerful tool called iBLEU to evaluate the accuracy degree of famous MT tools (i.e. Google, Bing, Systranet and Babylon). Based on the solution structure, we further discuss the performance order for these tools in both directions Arabic to English and English to Arabic. After extensive testing, we can decide that any direction gives more accurate results in translation based on the selected machine translations MTs. Finally, we proved the choosing of Google as best system performance and Systranet as the worst one.
Index Terms: Machine Translation, MTs, Evaluation for Machine Translation, Google, Bing, Systranet and Babylon, Machine Translation tools, BLEU, iBLEU.
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AL-JARF, Reima. "Issues in translating English and Arabic plurals." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (December 1, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explores undergraduate students’ difficulties in translating English and Arabic plurals. The results of an English and Arabic plural translation test exhibited cases where Arabic plurals matching those in English were translated correctly. However, the students had difficulty translating the following: (i) Arabic plurals with a singular English equivalent, e.g., مجوهرات /mujawharaat/ jewellery; (ii) Arabic duals with two different singular stems, e.g., الرافدان the Tigris and Euphrates; (iii) multiple Arabic plurals, i.e. plurals of paucity and multiplicity, e.g., دجاج /dajaaj/ chicken, دجاجات /dajaajaat/ a number of hens; (iv) stems with two plurals and different usages, e.g., economics اقتصاديات /iqtiṣadiyyaat/, economies اقتصادات /iqtiṣadaat/; (v) compound plurals, e.g., image processors معالجات الصور /muʕaalijaat aṣṣuwar/; (vi) English nouns ending in -ies that have the same singular and plural form, e.g., series, species; (vii) singular and plural forms of the same base when the base could assume two parts of speech, e.g., rich and riches; wood and woods; (viii) foreign/Latin singular and plural forms, e.g. ,indices, larvae, tempi, oases; and (ix) names of tools and articles of dress consisting of two parts ending in -s, e.g., scissors مقص /miqaṣ/, مقصات /miqaṣaat/, scales ميزان /mīzaan/ and موازين /mawazīn/ and more. Error data analysis showed that the subjects made more errors in translating Arabic plurals into English than in translating English plurals into Arabic, made more interlanguage than interlanguage errors, had more morphological than semantic difficulties on the Arabic-English plural translation test, and had more semantic difficulties on the English-Arabic plural translation test. They tended to translate imitatively rather than discriminately, and literal translation was the most common strategy. When they could not access the meaning of a noun on the test, they provided an equivalent that was phonologically close, or offered a paraphrase, an explanation, or an extraneous equivalent. In translating English and Arabic plurals, transfers were bidirectional, i.e., students transferred a noun’s morphological features from the source to the target language, regardless of whether the source language was Arabic (L1) or English (L2). Recommendations for plural translation instruction are provided.
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Farghal, Mohammed, and Mashael Al-Hamly. "Modality with Past Time Reference in English-into-Arabic Fiction Translation." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol7iss2pp69-81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modality is a semantic medium that colors the way the language user views the world around him/ her in terms of certainty, necessity and obligation; hence, it places extra effort on the translator while attempting to capture modalistic shades of meaning. The task may become more challenging when the translator is dealing with a language pair where modality is grammar-oriented in one member (English, for example) and lexis-oriented in the other (Arabic, for example). The present paper aims to investigate the rendering of speaker participation in the speech event as embodied in modality when translating English fiction into Arabic. In particular, it will examine the corpus of two sets of data involving past modality (modal + have + past participle) extracted from two English novels which will be compared with their counterparts in the Arabic translations. Four main issues will be discussed. The first is to see whether the distinction between epistemic and deontic modality is maintained in translation. The second is to check whether the translators are sensitive to the import of modality in discourse as manifested in the speaker’s attitudes toward what is happening. The third is to check whether English modalized propositions are sometimes erroneously rendered into modality-free Arabic propositions. Last, the study discusses the Arabic modality markers employed to capture past modality. Both a quantitative account (focusing on form and function) and a qualitative analysis (focusing on adequacy of translation procedures) are furnished.
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Al-Shawi, Muna Ahmad, and Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi. "Challenging Issues in Translating Conversational Implicature from English into Arabic." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.5n.2p.65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conversational implicature is known as an additional meaning indirectly implicated by saying another thing. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to discuss the problems of translating conversational implicature from English into Arabic. the data is selected from two English literary works; Lord of the Flies and Nineteen Eighty-Four along with their Arabic translation. Two theoretical frameworks are implemented for the descriptive analysis of the selected texts, Skopos approach and Grice’s Implicature. These two theories, along with their rules, provide appropriate standards to measure the accuracy of such translations from English language into Arabic. The analyses reveal that the translators encountered problems and obstacles during the translation into Arabic for several reasons, including linguistic, social and cultural. therefore, the translators followed different approaches and techniques to achieve consistent coherent Arabic text, equivalent to that of the original. In conclusion, the study illustrates that both theories are successful and applicable at varying levels, in translating conversational implicature from English into Arabic. Nevertheless, Grice’s approach is more successful in translating the conversational imlicatures within the framework of this study. Accordingly, this study answers all the designed questions.
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Ahmed Almijrab, Ramadan. "The Essence of Arabic Rhetoric Contributions from Arabic-English Translation." International Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijlll/rqpncnrn.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In translation, the target text in general displays fewer linguistic variations than the source text, and its lexical and syntactic patterns incline to be copied, creating interference and standardization of the ST. Is a translation meant for audiences who are unable to comprehend the original text? Or is it saying the same thing again? These questions demonstrate the divergence of the audience in the domain of art. Yet any rendition, which tries to convey the function, cannot transmit anything but essential information. Does this mean that conveying the essential information represents the cause of inferior translation? Does the inferiority come as a result of the transfer of inaccurate content? This is the trademark of translationese. Is it true that traduttore, traditore? Does this really mean a translator is born not made? However, scholars engaged in a heated debate about what is generally regarded as the essential material of a literary work, what it contains in addition to information. Does it mean that we admit that literary work is profound and mysterious? Do we admit that literary work is poetic to the extent that it can only be reproduced by a translator only if he is also a poet? This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve its readerships. However, do we blame the translator if the original culture does not exist in the reader’s language and culture? In the present paper, we will attempt to lay a finger on the significance of achieving equivalence in literary translation within cultural implications that may block the translator. A primary of the place is assigned to البلاغة (Arabic rhetoric) as one of the cornerstones of Arabic.
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Dickins, James. "List restructuring in Arabic–English translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 56, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.56.4.04dic.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper deals with the translation from Arabic to English of lists, i.e. phrases consisting of at least two, and typically three or more, noun phrases, adjective phrases, etc. which belong to a relatively coherent semantic field. Section 1 considers four standard techniques for translating Arabic semantic repetition into English: maintenance of repetition, merging, grammatical transposition, and semantic distancing. Section 2 defines listing as an extension of semantic repetition, and identifies basic listing structures in English and Arabic. Sections 3–3.5 look at techniques for translating Arabic lists into English on the basis of the first three translation techniques for semantic repetition discussed in Section 2. Section 3.1 looks at list retention (cf. maintenance of repetition), considering where this is and is not acceptable. Section 3.2 looks at list reduction/merging (cf. semantic merging). Sections 3.3–3.5 look at techniques which parallel grammatical transposition as a technique for translation semantic repetition: embedded coordination, as a form of subordination (Section 3.3), standard subordination (Section 3.4), and the combination of embedded coordination with standard subordination (Section 3.5). Section 3.6 considers summary definition, as a translation technique which goes beyond merging. Section 4 considers the significance of listing patterns in Arabic and English in the context of the more general preference in Arabic for coordination and in English for subordination. Section 5 raises the possibility that the preference for coordination in Arabic may correlate with a larger textual preference for ostensive presentation, while the preference for subordination in English may correlate with a larger textual preference for analytical summary. I suggest that, if true, this may give rise to translation issues which are effectively intractable.
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Laachiri, Soufiane. "Translating The Disaster of Mourice Blanchot Between Ann Smock and Azzedine Chentouf." International Journal of Translation and Interpretation Studies 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijtis.2021.1.1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present article attempts to present a succinct and circumspect comparison between two different translations for Mourice Blanchot’s book « L’écriture du désastre ».The first translation was performed by Ann Smock in 1995 and was from French into English, while the other translation was skillfully produced by Azzedine Chentouf from French into Arabic in 2018. The contrast in attitudes and translational fertilization has provided us with ample opportunities to study, reflect on, and rethink the nexus of Blanchot’s philosophy from different linguistic perspectives. However, in our attempt to formulate our judgments on the English and Arabic versions of the book, we can judge by an escapable logic and with analytical evidence that the English translation entitled « The writing of the disaster » has intensified the hold of a literal translation that makes the chances of being close to the original meaning of the source text depressingly small. Chentouf’s translation, on the other hand, remains profoundly meaningful; it is capable of going down into the marrow of Blanchot’s thought to assert understanding of his intellectual complexities. In brief, despite the triviality of the advanced examples, we are certain that Azzedine Chentouf, through his Arabic translation, knows the hard philosophical portrait of Mourice Blanchot in its inclusiveness. Therefore, it is no surprise that every choice he makes in this translation explains his tremendous efforts as a philosopher first before being ranked as a translator.
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JABAK, Omar. "Proposed Taxonomy of Strategies for Translating English Proverbs into Arabic." Journal of Translation and Language Studies 3, no. 2 (July 17, 2022): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jtls.v3i2.507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study aimed to provide a proposed taxonomy of strategies for translating English proverbs into Arabic. The proposed taxonomy classified the strategies for the Arabic translation of English proverbs into five, depending on the form and meaning of proverbs and the availability of equivalent proverbs in Arabic. The strategies are an exact match between English and Arabic proverbs, a match except for key culture-specific and environment-specific words, a complete mismatch in form with intact meaning, equivalent lines of Arabic poetry to some English proverbs and literal translation with or without an explanation. The taxonomy was applied to a sample of English proverbs with their Arabic equivalents per the classification of translation strategies suggested in this study.
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Al Salem, Mohd Nour, and Essa Salem. "The Translation of Compliments in Spoken Jordanian Arabic into English." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i2.12828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the difficulties involved in translating culture-bound compliments from spoken Jordanian Arabic into English in different cultural interactions. The study specifically looks into a number of compliments in Arabic and discusses their translation into English. To achieve this goal, a test was designed by the researchers to examine the translation of 10 compliments that are not familiar to the English language and culture, and these translations were examined with the help of a few native English-speaking colleagues to check their acceptability in stylistic terms. The sample of subjects included 20 female BA students at the University of Jordan; all of them are in their third year. The findings reveal that the participants adopted the techniques of literal translation, paraphrase, addition, and omission when translating culture-bound compliments. They also encountered difficulties relating to grammar, lexical choice, and collocation.
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Dawood Al-Qahtan, Filwah i., and Osama Abdulrhman Al Qahtani. "Translating Animal Idioms from English into Arabic: An Application of Nida’s Strategies for Translating Idioms." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 5, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no3.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many animal-related idioms are found in Arabic and English languages. However, since there are some differences between Arab and western cultures in history, tradition, geographical environment and mode of thinking, animal idioms can create a cultural gap, which hinders mutual understanding between both cultures. The cultural gap is noticed when translating animal idioms from English into Arabic. Therefore, this research investigates problems encountering translators in the translation of animal idioms from English into Arabic. It also presents strategies that can be applied in the rendition of animal idioms from the source language into the target language. The study discusses problems and strategies of translating animal idioms based on Eugene Nida’s strategies for translating idioms (1964). To conduct the study, the researcher developed an empirical survey adopting a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods, to gain a detailed understanding of the translational problems and strategies followed by Saudi translators in the transference of animal idioms from English into Arabic. Findings of the study indicate that most translator respondents opted for the strategy of translating an idiom into a non-idiom even when a corresponding idiom is found in Arabic.
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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Challenges That Undergraduate Student Translators’ Face in Translating Polysemes from English to Arabic and Arabic to English." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.7.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polysemes are words that have multiple meanings. They exist in all languages as in Arabic جناح عين صوت جدول and English base, plant, system, present, left. A sample of Arabic and English polyseme translation errors was collected from homework-assignments and exams to explore the difficulties that student-translators have in translating English and Arabic polysemes. Data analysis showed that the students made more errors in translating Arabic polysemes to English than English polysemes to Arabic. They made more errors in translation polysemous compounds than single-word polysemes and the equivalent compounds had collocation errors. The students utilized different faulty strategies in translating polysemes, especially in source texts which have one-to-many equivalents (system, affairs). They tend to overgeneralize the equivalent they know to all contexts (develop, system), not the one suitable for a particular context/domain (*chemical plants; under president). They resorted to literal translation, i.e., word for word translation rather than using fixed formulaic equivalents that are dissimilar in structure to the source polyseme. They also overgeneralized the same equivalent to all contexts (develop, system; association), although each shade of meaning has a different equivalent. Faulty translation of polysemic words may be due to inadequate L1 competence such as the availability of different regional Arabic designations for ‘parliament’ and the different designations used in American and British English for (وكيل وزارة الخارجية الامريكي); lack of proficiency in EFL, i.e. limited vocabulary knowledge; unfamiliarity with specialized meanings (*chemical plants) and commonly used equivalents for ‘affairs; resources’; lack of world knowledge (exchange programs; الاتحاد الأوروبي) and others. The study recommends that translation instructors develop students’ vocabulary knowledge, word knowledge accuracy, schemata and world knowledge, metacognitive skills, i.e., thinking processes while translating, word and context analysis skills, i.e., using semantic and structural contextual clues to figure out the meaning of polysemes; and identifying the domain in which a polyseme is used.
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Baawaidhan, Awadh G. "Applying Foreignization and Domestication in Translating Arabic Dialectical Expressions into English." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 4 (August 25, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i4.9665.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Translating across language and cultural barriers is one of the most complicated tasks translator might face. This is due to the fact that text produced in one language and culture contains information about persons, institutions, habits, customers and traditions which accessible to speakers of the source language text but not understood by the speakers of another language. This article shows procedures and strategies used to overcome such problem and difficulties in translating Arabic dialect expressions into English. A central issue of this discussion is to highlight Venuti;s translation strategies foreignization and domestication that have been used in translating dialecticll expressions and culture-specific elements into English, with special reference to Janet Watson”s translation of Sana’ani Arabic dialect. Relying on the distinction of the two key cultural strategies of Domestication and Foreignization, this study reveals the way in which Arabic culture-specific elements have been portrayed in foreign context. The paper considers the validity of those cultural translation strategies and discusses their applications in different occasions. According to the obtained results, both foreignization and domestication strategies have been used to overcome the language and cultural barriers in translation of Sana'ani Arabic into English. But foreignization has been used more as the most pervasive cultural strategy. </p>
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Mohammad, Saif M., Mohammad Salameh, and Svetlana Kiritchenko. "How Translation Alters Sentiment." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (January 20, 2016): 95–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4787.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sentiment analysis research has predominantly been on English texts. Thus there exist many sentiment resources for English, but less so for other languages. Approaches to improve sentiment analysis in a resource-poor focus language include: (a) translate the focus language text into a resource-rich language such as English, and apply a powerful English sentiment analysis system on the text, and (b) translate resources such as sentiment labeled corpora and sentiment lexicons from English into the focus language, and use them as additional resources in the focus-language sentiment analysis system. In this paper we systematically examine both options. We use Arabic social media posts as stand-in for the focus language text. We show that sentiment analysis of English translations of Arabic texts produces competitive results, w.r.t. Arabic sentiment analysis. We show that Arabic sentiment analysis systems benefit from the use of automatically translated English sentiment lexicons. We also conduct manual annotation studies to examine why the sentiment of a translation is different from the sentiment of the source word or text. This is especially relevant for building better automatic translation systems. In the process, we create a state-of-the-art Arabic sentiment analysis system, a new dialectal Arabic sentiment lexicon, and the first Arabic-English parallel corpus that is independently annotated for sentiment by Arabic and English speakers.
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Zhiri, Younes. "On the Role of Verbal Particles in Bridging Tense Gap in English-Arabic/ Arabic-English Translation." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.12.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Translating some grammatical forms such as temporal/event structures accurately across languages (as the case with English and Standard Arabic) is not easy to achieve as languages have different systems to refer to tense and aspect. Grammatical forms communicate meaning and sometimes this meaning can be lost in translation due to the translator’s lack of mastery of both the source and the target languages, or at least one of them. Thus, event structures need to be carefully tackled in translation, and the translator, especially novice ones, need to develop a full understanding of the mechanisms that govern the use of such structures in the languages they are dealing with. Most importantly, they must be aware of the gaps that exist between those languages. In the light of this, the present paper sheds more light on the dissimilarities that exist between English and Standard Arabic as far as tense and aspect are concerned. The study highlights the gaps, and it shows that these gaps can be bridged if more importance is given to discourse clues and verbal particles mainly in the Arabic language.
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El-Yasin, Mohammad K. "The Translatability of Arabic Jokes into English." Meta 42, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002706ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper deals with the translatability of linguistic jokes from Arabic into English. These jokes are primarily based on incongruities in the language. The paper discusses a sample of jokes utilizing puns, homonyms, idioms, rhymes and collocations. There is sufficient evidence that translating Arabic jokes into English is not possible. Such a translation poses cultural and, more seriously, linguistic problems for the translator owing to the two incompatible meanings of a linguistic form in a given joke which are accidental facts about Arabic and do not have equivalents in the target language. Consequently, it is concluded that linguistic jokes in Arabic cannot be easily and straightforwardly rendered in English.
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Gumaa Siddiek, Ahmed. "Linguistic Precautions that to be Considered when Translating the Holy Quran." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study is an attempt to raise some points that should be considered when translating the Quranic Text into English. We have looked into some samples of translations, selected from well known English translations of the Holy Quran and critically examined them. There were some errors in those translations, due to linguistic factors, owing to the differences between the Arabic and the English Language systems. Some errors were due to the cultural background of the translator which intentionally or unintentionally has affected the translation. Many samples were discussed and suggestions for corrections were made. Then further recommendations were given to be used as guidelines for similar future attempts. We concluded that the simulation of old words in drafting a translation does not fit with the English language as a target language. As this use of archaic stylistics would lead to further complications, which makes the language of translation look strange and complicated
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Adel Nouri, Ahmed. "Analysis of the Style and Terminology Problems in Translating Legal Texts." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 119 (December 24, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i119.333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
These days, Universities are interested a lot in the courses of translation to train and graduate competent and efficient translators. Mistakes in this field may be grievous, that is, translation errors on the job may lead to disasters. In chemical texts, they can cause fatal poisoning or terrible explosion, in aeronautics, they may bring a plane down from the sky on people's heads, and in legal translation, they can unlawfully make a defendant lose a crazily expensive law-suit. The poor performance of an interpreter can spoil the proceedings of a whole international conference. Thus, these possibilities deserve worth attention by the Universities offering courses in Translation and Interpretation and the Universities in Iraq are not exception to this. Virtually all Translation Departments’ course descriptions state that the aim of each course is to introduce students to translation theory and train them to translate from Arabic into English and vice versa. However, most of the students face various difficulties while translating, particularly in legal translation.
Following experimental descriptive method, the paper explores the difficulties and problems faced by the Translation students of Al-Ma'moun University College in legal translation process; that is, while translating legal terms/documents from Arabic into English and from English into Arabic. A test was designed by the researcher in order to explore and investigate the difficulties and problems faced by the students. The test included four questions: 1) Translating English legal paragraph, 2) Translating Arabic legal paragraph, 3) Translating five Arabic legal terms and 4) Translating five English legal terms. The samples of the study were chosen and selected randomly.
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Zughoul, Muhammad Raji, and Awatef Miz’il Abu-Alshaar. "English/Arabic/English Machine Translation: A Historical Perspective." Meta 50, no. 3 (November 2, 2005): 1022–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011612ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper examines the history and development of Machine Translation (MT) applications for the Arabic language in the context of the history and machine translation in general. It starts with a discussion of the beginnings of MT in the US and then, depending on the work of MT historians, surveys the decline of the work on MT and drying up of funding; then the revival with globalization, development of information technology and the rising needs for breaking the language barriers in the world; and last on the dramatic developments that came with the advances in computer technology. The paper also examined some of the major approaches for MT within a historical perspective. The case of Arabic is treated along the same lines focusing on the work that was done on Arabic by Western research institutes and Western profit motivated companies. Special attention is given to the work of the one Arab company, Sakr of Al-Alamiyya Group, which was established in 1982 and has seriously since then worked on developing software applications for Arabic under the umbrella of natural language processing for the Arabic language. Major available software applications for Arabic/English Arabic MT as well as MT related software were surveyed within a historical framework.
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El-Zawawy, Amr M. "A New Approach to Arabic Tense Form-Content Mismatch in Four Translations of the Qurʾan". Al-Bayan: Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies 19, № 1 (23 квітня 2021): 46–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The tense systems in English and Arabic are markedly similar, but one striking feature makes the two-part ways: Arabic boasts the capacity of expressing the past and the future in forms that are not tallied with what English does. Arabic and English can express the future and the past in the present form. Yet Arabic, especially Qurʾanic Arabic, has the singular capacity for expressing the future in past form and the past in present form. The mismatch in the Arabic tense system in the English translation of the Qurʾan is given due attention in the present paper, and a new approach is presented to address this significant problem. The four translations selected are Arberry’s, Yusuf Ali’s, Pickthall’s and Asad’s. A model is proposed to analyze significant selections of such mismatches, based on graphical representations of TOC, TOE and linking form. The study concludes that the most inconsistent translation is Pickthall’s, while Arberry’s is the most consistent of all. It also reveals that although Asad is not fully proficient in English like Arberry, he succeeds in clearing the hurdle of translating tense form-content mismatch most of the time.
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A. Sheikh Al-Shabab, Omar. "Linguistic Experience and Identity: Contextualizing the Mental Lexicon In English-Arabic Poetry Translation." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.6p.38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monolingual Language behavior rests on three components: human agent, code and message. Translation processing requires three more constructs: translator, two codes, and a message in two texts. Equivalence theories attempted to supersede faithfulness and sameness of meaning in translation, but equivalence is a “convenience”, and is “always relative” (Baker 1992). Translational commensurability and semantic transportation thwart obtaining equivalence; therefore, the Interpretive Frame includes experience and identity among the elements necessary for any translation (Author, 2008). To explore poetic aesthetics, experience is related to personality observed in the Mental lexicon, while identity is related to phonic appeal observed in euphony. These relations are investigated in Arabic translations of English poems by Coleridge, Keats, Tennyson, Wordsworth, and Auden. Preliminary results show that: 1) the Mental Lexicon and euphony vary according to experience and identity, 2) contextualizing lexical appropriateness, euphony and metaphors contributes to poetic aesthetics.
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GIABER, JAMAL MOHAMED, NOUR HAMMO, SAFA HRAIZ, DU’AA QADAN, RAHF ALNAMER, and SHAIKHA ALMAAMARI. "TRANSLATING HEADLINES IN PRINT BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS FROM ENGLISH INTO ARABIC IN UAE." Across Languages and Cultures 21, no. 1 (June 2020): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2020.00006.
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Abstract:Business advertisements are multimodal consumer-oriented texts with persuasive functions. Advertisers create specific advertisements for marketing products/services in specific contexts. The headline in an advertisement is the main element as it attracts attention and summarizes the advertising message. Advertising relies on socio-cultural implications through visual and non-visual elements. When products/services are marketed in a new context with a different language, their advertisements are translated into that language. Because languages have different ways of encoding information, the success of a product/ service in a culturally different context depends on how its advertisement is translated. The structural and cultural differences between English and Arabic and the functional nature of headlines in English business advertisements seem to have direct bearing on how advertising headlines are rendered into Arabic. This study investigates the translation of advertising headlines from English into Arabic in the context of marketing products/services in UAE. The aim is to identify the techniques used in translating headlines and their implications for translation quality and to identify views of Arab customers over the acceptability of Arabic versions of advertising headlines. The study findings indicate that seven translation techniques are used and customers consider Arabic advertisements produced via function-oriented translation techniques more acceptable than translations produced via form-based techniques.
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Bahumaid, Showqi. "Collocation in English-Arabic Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.03bah.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Collocation is considered one of the major ‘trouble spots’ for translators. This may be ascribed to the relative difficulty in predicting the constituent elements of a collocation, the considerag ble variation in collocability across languages and the lack of adequate resources on collocation. However, few empirical studies have been made so far on the types of collocations that are parg ticularly problematic to the translator, the specific sources of the problem and the procedures that translators actually resort to in handling such collocations. This paper investigates the areas just defined with special reference to collocation in English and Arabic. A translation test involving thirty sentencegcontextualized collocations of different types was designed. The test was administered to four Arab university instructors who taught translation and did translation work for different periods of time. The participants’ performance in the test was considerably low. A detailed analysis of the problem was conducted and the findg ings were then reported. It is hoped that a study of this kind would provide essential feedback for translation teachers and syllabus designers. Résumé La collocation est considérée comme un des principaux «points névralgiques » pour les traducg teurs. Cela peut s’expliquer par la difficulté relative qu’il y a à prévoir les éléments constitutifs d’une collocation, aux variations considérables de collocabilité entre langues et au manque de ressources adéquates en matière de collocation. Toutefois, peu d’études empiriques ont été efg fectuées jusqu’à présent en ce qui concerne les types de collocations qui s’avèrent particulièreg ment problématiques pour le traducteur, les sources spécifiques du problème et les procédures auxquelles les traducteurs ont effectivement recours pour les traiter. Cet article étudie les domaines que nous venons de définir et se réfère en particulier à la colg location en anglais et en arabe. Un test de traduction a été élaboré, comprenant trente collocag tions de différents types, replacées dans un contexte de phrases. Nous avons fait passer ce test à quatre assistants d’université arabes qui enseignaient la traduction et effectuaient des travaux de traduction à différentes époques. Les résultats obtenus par les participants au test étaient exg trêmement faibles. Une analyse détaillée du problème a été effectuée et les conclusions ont fait l’objet d’un rapport. Nous espérons qu’une étude de ce type fournira des informations esseng tielles aux professeurs de traduction et aux concepteurs de programmes d’ enseignement.
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Homeidi, Moheiddin A. "Arabic translation across cultures." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 50, no. 1 (September 22, 2004): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.50.1.04hom.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper deals mainly with some of the difficulties the translator might encounter when translating some culturally bound pieces of information. These would include the translation of some idioms, and some culturally bound concepts. The paper starts with definitions of translation, language and culture followed by an extensive analysis of the examples provided. All the examples are drawn from Arabic and English. The examples include the translation of some idioms which violate truth conditions, which are easily recognizable, and some others which may be translated either literally or idiomatically with obviously different results. Then the analysis moves to the translation of some culturally bound expressions from both Arabic and English. Here, we find examples that cannot be translated into the other language simply for lack of cultural equivalents. The skill and the intervention of the translator are most needed in this respect because above all translation is an act of communication. Résumé Cet article traite principalement de certaines difficultés que le traducteur peut rencontrer quand il traduit des textes d’information qui présentent un aspect culturel. Ces difficultés ont trait à certaines locutions idiomatiques et concepts culturels. L’article commence par définir la traduction, la langue et la culture, puis analyse en détail les exemples fournis. Tous les exemples sont tirés de l’arabe et de l’anglais. Ces exemples comprennent la traduction de certaines locutions idiomatiques qui trahissent les conditions de vérite et sont facilement reconnaissables, et de quelques autres qui peuvent etre traduites soit litteralement, soit de manière idiomatique, mais avec bien sur des résultats différents. Puis l’analyse passe à la traduction de certaines expressions de nature culturelle, en arabe et en anglais. Nous y trouvons des exemples qu’il est impossible de traduire dans l’autre langue, tout simplement parce qu’il leur manque des équivalents culturels. L’habileté et l’intervention du traducteur sont des plus nécéssaires dans ce cas, parce que la traduction est avant tout un acte de communication.
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Guessabi, Fatiha. "Cultural-Loaded Words in Journalistic Translation Between Arabic and English." International Journal of Translation and Interpretation Studies 1, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijtis.2021.1.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An increasing number of contributions have appeared in recent years on culturally loaded words. This translation needs familiarity with cultural, linguistic and semantic features. Some news is full of culturally loaded words, strange terms and one of them is the religious or in general term ‘political words’ which play a key role in journalism translation through times. The cultural terms in journalism translation are definitely difficult and controversial to some journalist translators. This difficulty maybe because of the differences between different cultures, religions, ideologies, and beliefs. Translation of political writing or journalistic article needs great cultural familiarity with L1 and L2 and the targets receivers by the translator. Therefore; effective methods were provided to solve culture-bound problems in journalism translation from Arabic into English.
This article suggests an article from CNN News translated into Arabic entitles“ Islamists Take Foreign Hostages in Attack on Algerian Oil Field” will be taken as a case study. The researcher applies some examples in the languages of English and Arabic to make the statements more clear. The main objective of this present paper is to show the problem of culturally loaded words in journalistic writing and explain different translations used in this article from English to Arabic. After analyzing all the samples, it has been also determined that the ideologies and politics influence the way used in journalistic translation which means that the journalist translator is not free but under the censorship of CNN Agency. Moreover; in this paper, the various cultural words must be translated in their own context in order to establish their significance when translated into another language and culture and the target audiences and amateurs must be convinced of this type of translation.
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Salih, Mahmud Husein, and Naser Al-Hassan Athamneh. "Silence in Arabic-English Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 41, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.41.4.04sal.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La traduction -le processus de communication qui s'opère entre des langues différentes - doit délivrer un message donné tant du point de vue linguistique que paralinguistique. Le traducteur doit maîtriser le code linguistique mais aussi la signification des moyens paralinguistiques mis en oeuvre, comme le silence, qui, très souvent, accompagne les signes linguistiques. Le silence exprime une série de fonctions dont l'insuffisance des expressions verbales, la politesse, l'hésitation, la réflexion, la triste obligation d'accepter l'autorité, et le refus de coopérer. Le présent article aborde donc la traduction arabe-anglais du silence dans le roman de Salih, Season of Migration to the North. L'auteur y démontre le rendu erroné, par le traducteur, Johnson-Davies, du silence et de tout ce qu'il reflète: l'incapacité à trouver des termes appropriés, la confusion d'esprit, l'amertume et le mystère. De plus, la traduction de Johnson-Davies semble porter atteinte à une fonction rhétorique que de Waard et Nida (1986:83) intitulent la "progression logique". Celle-ci traite de conséquences et de relations, telles que les rapports de cause à effet et de condition à effet. Par conséquent, la traduction sépare plutôt qu'elle ne relie les événements du roman et déforme leur signification. Enfin, l'auteur de l'article présente plusieurs aspects théoriques ayant une incidence sur la science de la traduction; tout traducteur devrait être conscient que l'usage de points de suspension ou que l'absence de mots pour marquer le silence n'impliquent pas nécessairement l'absence de discours ou de pensées. Les significations exprimées par le biais de la paralinguistique ne peuvent donc pas être considérées comme périphériques ni être négligées dans la traduction. D'autre part, en traduction, la maîtrise du système de la langue d'origine ne suffit pas, elle doit être accompagnée d'une connaissance parallèle des fonctions des mécanismes paralinguistiques, comme le silence.
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Ehrensvärd, Martin. "Reference in English-Arabic translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.4.05ehr.
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Habtoor, Hussein Ali, and Abrar Abdullah Al-Qahtani. "English Cultural Expressions Translation: Strategies Used in Rendering Narnia Chronicles into Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0808.14.
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This study explores the intercultural transfer that takes place during the process of translating children's literature from English into Arabic. It's main purpose is to investigate how culture-specific items or expressions are dealt with when they are rendered into Arabic and find out the most preferable translation strategies that can be applied in an attempt to make the translated versions acceptable and accessible to the target audience. This study draws its data from three English novels that belong to the famous series of Narnia Chronicles which are translated into Arabic. It also states the effects of following domestication or foreignization translation strategies. It is found that there is no consistency in the used translation strategies despite the fact that the three books are translated by the same translator. The study also shows that a compromise which includes the use of domestication and foreignization translation strategies seems to be the ideal solution.
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Al-Kufaishi, Adil. "Obligatory translation shift as a sub-component of a model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 2 (July 21, 2011): 144–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.2.02kuf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals primarily with obligatory translation shifts involving translating English texts from and into Arabic and specifies the sub-components of a proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment. Obligatory shifts involve substituting English non-finite embedded forms with finite ones, lexicalizing certain grammatical elements, making agreement in gender between Arabic adjectives and nouns and Arabic nouns and verbs, substituting emphatic ‘do’ with the appropriate rhetorical device, supplying an antecedent to the translated Arabic relative constructions, transposing English initial noun clauses and sentence modifiers to post-verbal positions, placing the definite noun rather than its referent in initial positions, rendering certain English adjectives into verbs, nouns or adjectival clauses, replacing existential ‘there’ and the English grammatical subject ‘it’ with the appropriate corresponding forms, substituting the English comma with the Arabic conjunctive ‘wa’-and or ‘aw’-or as a linking device, deleting the corresponding form of copula be in Arabic interrogatives and replacing certain English noun modifiers with the appropriate similitude construction. The proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment examines the communicative, situational, semantic, structural, stylistic, pragmatic, textual, aesthetic, rhetorical, lexical and informational aspects of the translated text which are essential for assessing the quality of the text and the performance of the translator.
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Nawaf Jaber Alhomoud, Ghassan. "On Translating and Drafting Sharia Legal Terms and Expressions in Saudi Contracts." Education Research International 2022 (December 6, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7167970.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The difficulty in translating legal sharia expressions and terminologies used in contracts arises from semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, contextual, and cultural features of the Islamic sharia expressions. The present study aims to address the problems arising when translating these contracts from Arabic into English and vice versa. It also aims to reassess the translations of several international business contracts translated from Arabic into English and vice versa to verify whether the legal Islamic terms and expressions have been accurately rendered or not. The Saudi legal system is based completely on sharia law. The Saudi contracts abound with religious expressions and terms, which sometimes have no equivalence in the English language. There is a crystal-clear cultural–religious gap between Arabic and English. The language of contracts must be accurate, precise, meaningful, and comprehensible. Any slight difference in translating these contracts might result in the loss of individual rights, which affects the foreign investments and the social life of residents and citizens. The present study is a qualitative study that adopts a critical hermeneutic method to address the highly controversial issues relating to the translation of Islamic legal terms and expressions. The study has found that the Islamic legal terms and expressions are translatable providing that the translator could use a hermeneutical translational approach. The study is original in the sense that it deals with the problems of translating the religious expressions embedded and constituted in the Saudi contracts.
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Alshammari, Jaber Nashi M. "Analyzing Arabic Translation Methods of English Similes: A Case Study of The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0603.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Simile is one of the most important literary devices. It is widely used as a figure of speech in literary works. However, simile can pose significant challenges in literary translation since different languages might use and interpret similes differently. The present research aims at investigating the translation strategies employed in Arabic to render English similes in a literary text. The translation model proposed by Pierini (2007) is utilized as a framework of this study. The researcher selected "The Old Man and The Sea" novel by Ernest Hemingway and its two Arabic translations as a case study. The novel's two Arabic translations are by The United Publishers referred to later as target text 1 (TT1) and Zyad Zakaria referred to later as target text 2 (TT2). First, the researcher randomly collected 40 similes as the study data. Then, their Arabic translations are identified. Next, the data is compared and analyzed to determine their translation techniques. After analysis, the research found that literal translation is a prominent strategy in rendering English similes to Arabic.
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Farghal, Mohammed. "English Adverbial and Determiner Negation: A Problematic Area for Arabic Translators." Languages 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4010017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Negation hardly comes up as an issue in English–Arabic translation studies. The general assumption is that the translation of English negation into Arabic poses no serious problems to the translator. While this is generally true when it comes to rendering negation marked by generic negative particles/affixes (John is not happy and John is unhappy, respectively) and even lexical and rhetorical implicit negation (John denied having cheated on the test and Can a person like John make such a mistake?), the present paper aims to show that the appropriate textualization into Arabic of English adverbial and determiner negation (e.g., by the adverbials too and hardly, and the determiners little and few) can be a problematic area for Arabic translators. The textual data (270 examples) is extracted from several published translations (belonging to literary, popular science/journalistic, and economic discourse), in an attempt to show what strategies translators follow when encountering such negation and how successful they are. While the findings provide solid evidence for the serious mishaps (about 42% of the renderings involve one kind of problem or another) that Arabic translators experience in this area, the critical discussion unravels several textual strategies that can capture the subtleties inherent in adverbial/determiner negation. It is hoped that the investigation of this subtle, neglected area in English–Arabic translation studies offers significant insights for both student and professional translators.
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Aljaaly, Elham, and Mai !Khatib. "Evaluating the Translatability Process of the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire to Assess the Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab048_002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objectives Reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as abdominal pain, and diarrhea are used as basis to diagnose functional GI disorders (FGIDs). Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire (DQ) is an internationally accepted self-report DQ that involves the selection of symptom criteria and frequency thresholds. However, the lack of Arabic (Saudi Arabia (SA)) language prevents its use locally. The current manuscript aims to report the evaluation of translating the English version of the Rome IV DQ FGIDs for Children age 4 + years to be used in assessing the prevalence of FGIDs among school children in Jeddah city, SA. Methods The translation process followed a preestablished Rome Foundation (RF) guidelines and was performed by experienced translators who were native speakers of the target language and resided in-country. First, a forward translation of the English version to Arabic was conducted by two translators. The two resulted questionnaires were harmonized to a single version, while considering literal translations and cultural adaptation. Then, the questionnaire was translated back to English. The translation process was monitored by an expert physician in the field. Finally, both the backward translation and the original English versions were evaluated for any potential linguistic and cultural issues. Results Both the backward translation and the original versions of the questionnaire has the exact same words explaining the pain or discomfort. However, few minor linguistic and cultural concerns (i.e., necessary clarifications of medical terms) e.g., dyspepsia (feeling of burning). Interestingly, the original version repeated information about some pain areas that was not repeated in the backward English translation. Conclusions Overall, the translatability of the ROME IV DQ FGIDs for Children age 4 + years tool into Arabic (SA) provided an adequate translation using very similar language and expressions to make it easy to the users with regards to the comparability of translation which should render the required results. Following RF approval, the tool will be validated on similar participants as the study population (preschool children). After that, a cross-sectional survey will be completed online by mothers of preschool children. Funding Sources None.
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H. Al-khresheh, Mohammad, and Shahab A. Almaaytah. "English Proverbs into Arabic through Machine Translation." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.5p.158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Proverbs are sentences used by people to convey wisdom, truth or morals that have been handed down for generations. Translating them from one language into another through machine translation has been a matter of interest because of their importance in keeping the religious, cultural and historical aspects. The accuracy of machine translation systems has become one of the most important issues nowadays as the demand for online translation is increasing. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the linguistic obstacles that machine translation might face in carrying out the same translation from English proverbs into Arabic. It also attempted to confirm the importance of human intervention in solving the issue of accuracy. To achieve these objectives, a group of English proverbs were randomly selected, translated into Arabic by ‘Google translate’ and analysed qualitatively by the researchers. On the one hand, the findings revealed that ‘Google translate’ faced some linguistic obstacles in carrying out the same meaning of English proverbs into Arabic. Lexically, words that have multiple meanings present countless challenges and difficulties to online translation. On the other hand, the different linguistic structures between English and Arabic make the process of translation sometimes a bit challenging as both languages belong to unrelated families. Simply put, machine translation is expected to encounter various problems in providing meaningful logical translation. A detailed discussion is provided and recommendations for further research are given based on the analysis.
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Abdul Aziz, May Mokarram. "English Translation of Arabic Flash Story: A Discourse Analysis Oriented Approach." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 4 (July 14, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i4.20151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study examines the translation of Arabic flash stories in several of Ahmad Jarallah’s Flash stories taken from his collection entitled: The Adventures of Sindibab (2019) by focusing on the macro-structural aspects of the flash story. The paper aims to check up the problems of narrative analysis: macrostructure in translating the flash story from Arabic into English, also finding out the translator’s success in achieving an appropriate equivalence of the source text or not.The study hypothesizes that there are some difficulties in analyzing such texts, despite the presence of some resemblance between Arabic and English macro-structure items in the flash story, due to the different understanding of the macrostructure elements and the real meaning of the flash story by each translator. To evaluate the appropriateness of macro-structure discourse renditions, an eclectic model developed by the researcher will be used in discussing the selected texts depending on Nida’s (1964) model as well as some opinions related to several Arabic scholars in this respect.The study has concluded that there are some differences in translations depending on the different comprehension of the translators with regards to the spirit and meaning of the texts and the macrostructure of each language.
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Algryani, Ali. "On the Translation of Linguistic Landscape: strategies and quality assessment." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 24, no. 2 (September 2021): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2021.24.2.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article studies linguistic landscape (LL) from a translational perspective. It aims to examine the translation strategies adopted in translating texts on non-official public signs and assess the quality of their translations. For accomplishing this, the author analysed a corpus of one hundred photos of public signage representing bilingual (translational) content based on two criteria. Namely, the translation strategies employed in translating public signs and the appropriateness of public signage translations for their target readers. The study concludes that several translation strategies are used to convey the informative content of public signs, such as transference, word-for-word translation, generalisation, and omission. Furthermore, the study reveals cases of inaccurate translations that can be attributed to the translator’s linguistic incompetence, improper use of translation strategies, and linguistic incompatibilities between English and Arabic. Such mistranslations distort the informative content of the original text and give rise to different interpretations. The study’s implication is to draw attention to the importance of translational content of public signs as it serves as a medium of communication and reflects the image of linguistic cityscape.
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Abdelwahab, Dalia Abdelwahab Massoud. "Translation Strategies Applied in English-Arabic Translation: A Case of a Website Article." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n1p275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study investigates some distinctive translation strategies applied in the translation of an article about the World Arabic Language Day from English into Arabic. By reviewing literature in that field, the number of studies searching the application of such strategies in translating website articles are few. The applicability of such strategies in the translation of website articles is an important point that is answered in the current study. The analysed document is an article issued by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on 18th December 2021 for the celebration of the Arabic Language Day internationally. The current website article is a sample of articles issued by international organisations in various official languages where English and Arabic are two of them. The researcher investigates the application of Baker's strategies for translation during the translation process. The current research proves that distinctive strategies for translation are applied during the translation process from English into Arabic in website articles genre to enhance comprehensibility. The study also indicates that applied strategies for translation do not change the meaning of the translated text in comparison to the source text. On the contrary, translation strategies enhance explicitness in translated texts.
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Shunnaq, Abdullah, and Fayez Abul-Kas. "Jordanian Folkloric Songs from Arabic into English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 44, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 150–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.44.2.06shu.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Poetry in general and lyric poetry in particular are perhaps the most difficult types of texts to be rendered from one language into another without much change in meaning and structure. That is why folkloric songs could be considered as toilsome to be rendered, because they are often culture-bound. Moreover, they have a highly complicated sign structure which plays an important role in transmitting culture. It may be helpful and useful to investigate a number of difficulties in translating these rhymed texts which reflect certain aspects of culture (social, political and ecological, among others). Despite the dearth of references, the authors have succeeded in obtaining the necessary data of translating these folkloric songs. They aim to reach modest findings which could be beneficial to students of translation. In this paper, it may be useful to introduce some ideas about the nature of translation and translatability as well as literary translation with special reference to the semantic vs. communicative translation. It also aims to shed light on the translatability of some Jordanian folkloric songs. This study partly provides examples of the authors' translations from Arabic into English, which are only attempts of translating these literary texts. The translations are meant only for the aim of comparison or to support data. Some conclusions and recommendations about the translatability of folkloric songs are reached. Résumé La poésie en général et la poésie lyrique en particulier sont probablement les types de textes les plus difficiles à reproduire d'une langue dans une autre sans introduction de changement de signification ou de structure. C'est la rasion pour laquelle les chants folkloriques, généralement liés à la culture sont difficiles à traduire. De plus, la structure des signes est éminemment compliquée et joue un rôle important au niveau de la transmission de la teneur culturelle. Il peut donc être intéressant et utile d'analyser un certain nombre de difficultés qui surgissent lors de la traduction de ces textes rythmés qui reflètent certains aspects culturels (sociaux, politiques et écologiques, entres autres). En dépit du manque de références, les auteurs sont parvenus à obtenir les informations nécessaires à la traduction de ces chants folkloriques. Leur but est d'obtenir certains indications susceptibles d'être précieuses pour les étudiants en traduction. Dans le présent article, les auteurs ont estimé qu'il pouvait être utile d'introduire certains notions concernant la nature de la traduction et de la traductibilité mais aussi de la traduction littéraire, en particulier dans le domaine de l'opposition traduction sémantique — traduction communicative. Les auteurs souhaitent aussi aborder la traductibilité de certains chants folkloriques jordaniens, et ce à l'aide d'exemples de traductions arabe-anglais réalisées par les auteurs mais qui ne sont d'après ces derniers que des essais de traduction de ces textes littéraires. Ces traductions visent uniquement à comparer les informations ou à fournir des indications utiles. Ce faisant ils sont parvenus à formuler un certain nombre de conclusions et de recommendations concernant la traductibilité des chants folkloriques.
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Gadalla, Hassan A. H. "Arabic Imperfect Verbs in Translation: A Corpus Study of English Renderings." Meta 51, no. 1 (May 29, 2006): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012993ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper proposes a model for translating Standard Arabic imperfect verbs into English based on their contextual references. It starts with a brief introduction to tense and aspect in English and Arabic. Then, it shows the study aim and technique. After that, it provides an analysis of the study results by discussing the various translations of Arabic imperfect verbs in the translations of two novels written by Naguib Mahfouz. The study compares the translations with the original texts to highlight the different English renderings of the Arabic imperfect verbs.