Дисертації з теми "English/Arabic translation"
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1
Shaheen, Muhammad. "Theories of translation and their applications to the teaching of English/Arabic-Arabic/English translating." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/637.
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2
Al-Amri, Khalid Hadi. "Arabic/English/Arabic translation : shifts of cohesive markers in the translation of argumentative texts : a contrastive Arabic-English text-linguistic study." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1753/.
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3
Lataiwish, Muftah S. "An analysis of literary translation Arabic/English." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288057.
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4
Tanjour, Maisaa. "Bridging cultural gaps in English-Arabic translation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5792/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Literary translation is the result of the interaction of culture, ideology and translation. It is also considered to be one of the most interesting challenges within a specific literary system due to its special nature and the variation in the cultural environment between source and target. Researching such challenges entails investigating the different factors that govern the translation process and product alongside its reception by a specific readership. This thesis is located within the framework of translation studies suggested by Holmes (1988) and developed by Toury (1995), as partly descriptive and partly process-reception oriented. It employs empirical interviews to investigate and describe the different economic, political, cultural and ideological factors that govern the translation process and product in Syria. Such a description provides the background for the assessment of the responses of groups of target readers to a specific text. In this research, D. H. Lawrence's The Virgin and the Gipsy and two Arabic translations are used as a sample analysis of the translation procedures adopted to tackle culturespecific references. The manual analysis in Chapter 5 of the cultural references in The Virgin and the Gipsy leads to the conclusion that translation procedures adopted in the published translations are unsystematic and that the two translators may not be fully aware of the effects of the chosen procedures on their target readers. The empirical methods are twofold. Interviews were carried out with Syrian publishers to explore the Syrian publishing conditions. The results yield a description of the sociocultural context of translation in Syria. Within that context, the responses of particular groups of target readers (English Literature graduates) to certain translation procedures are examined and then used to investigate the acceptability of the procedures used mainly endnotes and interpolations based on the students' responses to them. Four questionnaires were conducted with forty Syrian students. The results show that endnotes and interpolations are acceptable translation procedures in translating certain culture-specific references, depending on the needs of target readers and the importance of the cultural reference in understanding the text. This research demonstrates the potential of using reader-response theory and methods in analysing translation procedures that are adopted to deal with culture-specific references The results suggest that extensions and modifications of empirical models are necessary to gauge target readers' responses and to show how such enquiries can be used in translation studies.
5
Trotter, William. "Translation Salience: A Model of Equivalence in Translation (Arabic/English)." University of Sydney. School of European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/497.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The term equivalence describes the relationship between a translation and the text from which it is translated. Translation is generally viewed as indeterminate insofar as there is no single acceptable translation - but many. Despite this, the rationalist metaphor of translation equivalence prevails. Rationalist approaches view translation as a process in which an original text is analysed to a level of abstraction, then transferred into a second representation from which a translation is generated. At the deepest level of abstraction, representations for analysis and generation are identical and transfer becomes redundant, while at the surface level it is said that surface textual features are transferred directly. Such approaches do not provide a principled explanation of how or why abstraction takes place in translation. They also fail to resolve the dilemma of specifying the depth of transfer appropriate for a given translation task. By focusing on the translator�s role as mediator of communication, equivalence can be understood as the coordination of information about situations and states of mind. A fundamental opposition is posited between the transfer of rule-like or codifiable aspects of equivalence and those non-codifiable aspects in which salient information is coordinated. The Translation Salience model proposes that Transfer and Salience constitute bipolar extremes of a continuum. The model offers a principled account of the translator�s interlingual attunement to multi-placed coordination, proposing that salient information can be accounted for with three primary notions: markedness, implicitness and localness. Chapter Two develops the Translation Salience model. The model is supported with empirical evidence from published translations of Arabic and English texts. Salience is illustrated in Chapter Three through contextualized interpretations associated with various Arabic communication resources (repetition, code switching, agreement, address in relative clauses, and the disambiguation of presentative structures). Measurability of the model is addressed in Chapter Four with reference to emerging computational techniques. Further research is suggested in connection with theme and focus, text type, cohesion and collocation relations.
6
Deeb, Zakia Ali. "A taxonomy of translation problems in translating from English to Arabic." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates translation problems in translating from English to Arabic. Despite the fact that there are some taxonomies available, none is based on empirical research; moreover, none can be considered comprehensive. The present study provides a ranked taxonomy of problems in translating from English to Arabic that was developed through two empirical studies. The first is a case-study of the researcher translating a published corpus of short translation-class texts. Since the aim of this project is pedagogical, students of translation were the target population of the second multi-subject study. Here, 56 undergraduate and 18 postgraduate students in Arabic —+ English translation classes at Al-Fateh University and the Academy of Graduate Studies in Libya translated a sub-set of the same texts. By comparing the two groups' performance, the researcher could also find out the effects of translation experience/proficiency on the type and severity of problems. The taxonomy consists of four levels: supra, main, sub and sub-sub categories. The supra category includes problems of ST Comprehension and TT Production and problems of Transfer Process. The main category includes Micro-Language problems, Macro-Text level problems and Strategies and Techniques problems. The sub-category includes problems of Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling, Rhetorical and stylistic devices, Cohesion, Register and style, Background Knowledge and Culture. The sub-sub categories include forty seven categories such as problems of Word order, Fixed Expressions, Spelling Slips, Irony, Omission and Additions. A tentative ranking of the difficulty of problems is based on three factors: perceived difficulty, error count and error severity. What distinguishes the taxonomy formulated in the present study from existing ones is comprehensiveness, e.g. in combining problems of ST comprehension, TT production and problems of transfer process, or in combining problems of the language system and extra-textual problems; and the ranking adds another dimension. The thesis consists of six chapters: Chapter One outlines the theme of the project and presents the research questions. Chapter Two reviews the relevant literature with an emphasis on translation problems and errors. Chapter Three presents the researcher case-study which sets the ground for the multi-subject main-study in Chapter Four. Chapter Five provides a model of English —* Arabic translation problems as exemplified by the taxonomy of translation problems and discusses the ranking system used and its outcome. Chapter Six, Conclusion, evaluates the outcome of the study, assesses the methodology that has been used to investigate the issues set in the research questions and discusses implications for further research.
7
Moreton, John Evelyn. "Translating Saddam : ideology, intertextuality and communicative equivalence in Arabic-English translation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4054/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is concerned with a particularly problematic area of Arabic-English translation, an activity likely to expand considerably as this century continues, and especially in non-literary domains. The past decade has seen increasing attention being paid by translation and other scholars to such issues as ideology, intervention, the role of narratives and the involvement of translation in global news dissemination. Not surprisingly, translation from Arabic looms large in all these areas. Political speeches and statements, often containing a disconcertingly unfamiliar blend of political and religious discourse, invite or require translation (or summary) into English by various agencies with their own particular ideological stances and agenda. Even with accurate and competent linguistic transfer there are many forms of possible manipulation. Equally, poor quality translation between two such incongruent languages can easily produce material that appears at least partly incomprehensible and may tend to make the source text and its producer(s) seem ridiculous to the target reader. Examples of this abound in the available translations of two of Saddam Hussein's speeches in the months leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. To prepare the ground for an examination of these translations, this study first traces the history of ideas about translation and the development of the modem `interdiscipline' of Translation Studies. It then moves on to consider the problems of equivalence and translatability in Arabic-English translation, not only at the word and sentence level but also at that of whole texts, and extends this enquiry into the area of textuality and especially the phenomenon of intertextuality. Intertextuality is then seen to be carried within languages and cultures by the vehicle of ideology and discourse, and thus to represent a particular challenge to translators. Problems in the translation of the Saddam speeches are subsequently identified and discussed in the context of target reader norms and expectations, and in terms of a still rather hazy notion of `communicative equivalence
8
Bayar, Monia. "Intentionality in translation : with a special reference to Arabic/English translation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work springs from the subjective need for limiting the translation bias. It has been noticed that a considerable amount of translation is allowed to be published and read mainly due to the importance of its readability in the target language and often overlooking the goal(s) of the source text. This seems to derive from two common presumptions: (1) That a text goal is the result of an irretrievable and indescribable intentionality and (2) That target text readability and the preservation of the source text goal are two incompatible goals of translation. And this is in turn the result of the long lived dichotomy of translation studies into literal and free or text-based and reader oriented approaches. This work attempts to show that both (I) and (2) are misconceptions. Given a reasonable characterisation, intentionality is retrievable from the text itself and revealing of the text goal, the preservation of which does not exclude the readability of the TT and vice versa. Based on pragmatic insights drawn mainly from the Gricean Maxims and Cooperative Principle, Speech Act theory and the Text Linguistic model, this work proceeds to argue the case by analysing three Arabic texts and their twenty-two translations (each text is translated seven to eight times by different translators). These are of three most common types of prose: the expository, the argumentative and the instructive types. The analysis revolves around the identification of the text goal in the SL and its preservation in the TL. During this process a number of models and theories that constitute a controversial view of intentionality are outlined and discussed with a view to breaking the polarity they form and finding a medium path that is apt for charting more plausibly the context, the text and the process of translation. It is hoped that the implications of such work will help improve the quality of translation, provide a more explicit and plausible contribution to the account for the process and to further the effort towards standardising the theory.
9
Khalifa, Abdelwahab Ali. "Problems of translation of modern Arabic poetry into English." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441806.
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10
Benhaddou, Mohamed. "Translation quality assessment : a situational/textual model for the evaluation of Arabic/English translations." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2082/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Translation evaluation is one of the main concerns of translation theorists, members of translation revision boards, and most importantly it is the concern of translator trainers. Translation quality has often been associated with the correctness of the grammatical structure and the appropriateness of the lexical item. Little concern has empirically been given to units larger than the sentence, i.e. text. This seems to be the result of the prevailing linguistic trend that has put more emphasis on a -context-free' sentence, rather than on text in context. This study proposes to investigate, discuss and develop a translation quality assessment model that takes text, not a sentence as the ultimate aim of analysis. The study will also attempt to explore the theoretical and practical implications of the model to be developed for the training of translators in the Arab world. The model to be developed should be based on the definition that translation is the replacement of a text in the source language by a semantically, pragmatically and textually equivalent text in the target language. Text, then, is the focus of interest in this study. Therefore, the model will be developed within the framework of text lingui4Vics for which text is regarded as a communicative occurrence. The developed model will serve as a means to evaluating the quality of Arabic-English translations of a particular type of texts, argumentative text type. Therefore, two argumentative texts in the form of newspaper editorials, selected from two Moroccan quality newspapers will be analyzed along the dimensions of what will be known in this study as a Situational/Textual model. The resultant "textual profile" will, then, be taken as a "yardstick" against which will be measured 81 translations collected from Fand School of Advanced Translation (FST) and 5 from the department of modern languages, Salford University (SU). The first introductory chapter lays out the main arguments of the thesis. Chapters two and three present and discuss sentence-oriented translation models, and text-oriented translation models respectively. Chapter four presents and discusses the following: a) the three aspects of meaning: semantic, pragmatic, and textual, b) language function vs. text function, and finally C) House's (1981) model of translation quality assessment. Chapter five presents the method of operation, discusses the decision criteria needed to deal with the dimensions linguistic correlates, and finally illustrates the extended situational/textual model for translation quality assessment. Chapter six is the application of the model on the two Arabic argumentative texts. In addition, argumentative text structure will be discussed and the difference between Arabic and English argumentative texts will be explained. Finally, chapter seven includes the source language text (SLT), and the target language text (TLT) statement of comparison and statement of quality, and a discussion of the theoretical implication of the model for the training of translators in the Arab world.
11
Ihsheish, Shaher, of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Education. "Morphological aspects of Arabic verb in translation." THESIS_FE_XXX_Ihsheish_S.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research examined the relationships between the morphological structures and features of Arabic and English verbs. An examination of the corpus in the research, which compiled 2000 verbs and their translation from various texts, showed that correlation between verb aspects are minimal. Therefore it is admissible to say that there is no correlation between morphological aspects and categories of Arabic and English verbs. Through analysis of Arabic verb patterns, the research demonstrated the primacy of a morpheme as one of the significant linguistic structural units that incorporates semantic and syntactic features, and also as a pivotal translation unit. The data analysis also signified that genre variation in Arabic is well established and can be clearly identified through morphological aspects of the verb and their distribution in text types.Master of Arts (Hons)
12
Madi, Yamen. "The translation of context-based proverbial expressions from Arabic into English." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082009-161339.
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13
Ihsheish, Shaher. "Morphological aspects of Arabic verb in translation /." Campbelltown, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, Faculty of Education and Lnaguages, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030806.094016/index.html.
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14
Tawbi, Hassan, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Education. "Translation quality assessment." THESIS_FE_XXX_Tawbi_H.xml, 1994. http://heston.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As yet, few explicit, practical and easy to implement marking scales for evaluating the quality of translations have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new marking guide for making quantitative assessments of the quality of non-literary translations, and to test its practicality through a case study using the Arabic language. On the basis of the results, some generalizations about translation and translation quality assessment are made. Early treatments which dealt with the evaluation of translations are discussed, showing their merits and defects. The new marking guide is then described, including classification of errors and examples of each type of error. Guidelines are presented for the holistic subjective assessment, the guidelines are evaluated and the outcome discussedMaster of Arts (Hons)
15
Hall, Michael Fitz-Gerald. "Discourse analysis of fictional dialogue in Arabic to English translation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497629.
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16
Kashoob, Hassan S. "Cultural translation problems with special reference to English/Arabic advertisements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1147/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis deals with the problems of translating "soft-sell" advertisements between Arabic and English. It is argued that a standardisation strategy of any international advertising campaign across cultures of soft-sell advertising is unsuccessful at any time in the case of Arabic and English. This stems not only from, besides the huge differences already existing between the two languages and cultures, such as socio-economic and socio-political, but also from the different methods and strategies adopted by the copywriters in employing various elements of humour, irony, persuasion, taboos (e.g. sexual connotations), conceptual sarcasm and cultural intertextuality, which are aimed at particular audiences, and the translation of which is determined by the elements of time and space. Localisation, according to the characters of the local market is thus the best solution for any successful cross-cultural advertising. The development of the role of culture and language in a given society has also been illustrated, followed by various approaches to cultural translation equivalence and cultural translation difficulties between Arabic and English. The thesis also contains a study of the techniques and methods of advertising. This includes elements of persuasion, strategies of standardisation, language and paralanguage of advertising, style of advertising and deviation in advertising from the norm of standard English.
17
Alduhaim, Asmaa. "Multimodal translation analysis : Arab Spring speeches in Arabic and English." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8561/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the contemporary globalized world, translation plays a key role in sharing news across the globe, in particular in the age of multimedia, where meaning is transferred through various modes and genres. This study focuses on two Arab Spring speeches of Mummar Algaddafi’s and Hosni Mubarak’s and their translations in different media. The thesis initially conducts a comparative study of the source texts (STs), including a textual/contextual analysis drawing on Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, and on Gunther Kress’ multimodal analysis. This is followed by examining the target texts (TTs) to investigate the inventible changes that occur during the translation process, particularly if the translation involves not only a transfer of meaning from Arabic to English but also from mode to mode (such as, speaking to writing) and genre to genre (a political speech to a newspaper article). The thesis introduces the Multimodal Translation Analysis model to investigate the following aspects of the TTs: linguistic aspects of the TTs, the TT’s multimodal qualities, and, drawing on Mona Baker’s narrative theory, the role of dominant narratives in the shaping of the TT.
18
Al, Ghussain Reem Abed Al Latif. "Areas of cultural and linguistic difficulty in English-Arabic translation." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1416/.
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19
Al-Jabr, A. M. "Cohesion in text differentiation : a study of English and Arabic." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10288/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis sets out to investigate the role of cohesion in the organisation and processing of three text types in English and Arabic. In other words, it attempts to shed some light on the descriptive and explanatory power of cohesion in different text typologies. To this effect, three text types, namely, literary fictional narrative, newspaper editorial and science were analysed to ascertain the intra- and inter-sentential trends in textual cohesion characteristic of each text type in each language. In addition, two small scale experiments which aimed at exploring the facilitatory effect of one cohesive device (i.e. lexical repetition) on the comprehension of three English text types by Arab learners were carried out. The first experiment examined this effect in an English science text; the second covered three English text types, i.e. fictional narrative, culturally-oriented and science. Some interesting and significant results have emerged from the textual analysis and the pilot studies. Most importantly, each text type tends to utilize the cohesive trends that are compatible with its readership, reader knowledge, reading style and pedagogical purpose. Whereas fictional narratives largely cohere through pronominal co-reference, editorials and science texts derive much cohesion from lexical repetition. As for cross-language differences English opts for economy in the use of cohesive devices, while Arabic largely coheres through the redundant effect created by the high frequency of most of those devices. Thus, cohesion is proved to be a variable rather than a homogeneous phenomenon which is dictated by text type among other factors. The results of the experiments suggest that lexical repetition does facilitate the comprehension of English texts by Arab learners. Fictional narratives are found to be easier to process and understand than expository texts. Consequently, cohesion can assist in the processing of text as it can in its creation.
20
Abdalla, Mohamed Siddig. "The influence of translation on the Arabic language : a study on the translation of English idioms in Arabic satellite TV stations." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697718.
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21
Mousli, Mohammad M. "Insertion of English acronyms & single words/terms in Arabic translation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Insertion of source text (henceforth: ST) acronyms and single words/terms (henceforth: item/s) into target text (henceforth: TT) is relatively, so far, a neglected issue in translation studies. In the case of translating a text from English into Modern Standard Arabic (henceforth MSA) in Australia, we are dealing with the issue of inserting an item of a source text (English source text, henceforth EST) into a target text (Arabic target text, henceforth ArTT). The ArTT has newly introduced items in their Roman Letters (henceforth R.I), The ArTT has newly introduced items in their Roman letters (henceforth R.I), transliterated and/or translated with or without being accompanied by their EST counterparts in R.I.
22
Sharkas, Hala. "Genre and translation quality : perspectives in quality assessment of English-Arabic translations of popular science genres." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419067.
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23
Aransa, Walid. "Statistical Machine Translation of the Arabic Language." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1018/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La traduction automatique de texte arabe a reçu beaucoup d'attention au cours de la dernière décennie. La langue arabe, langue officielle de plus de 25 pays, est parlée par plus de 290 millions de personnes. Les changements politiques engendrés par les révolutions arabes ont mis sur le devant de la scène cette langue et ses multiples dialectes. Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet BOLT dont le but est d'améliorer les performances des systèmes de traduction arabe-anglais pour des domaines spécifiques (SMS, parole conversationnelle, etc.)Dans cette thèse, j'ai enrichi le système de traduction à base de segments du LIUM à maints égards. Les systèmes à base de segments fournissent actuellement les meilleures performances. Ces systèmes sont basés sur deux modèles statistiques : le modèle de traduction et le modèle de langage. Dans l'objectif d’améliorer la qualité de traduction de l'arabe, nous avons mis l'accent sur trois aspects. Le premier aspect est la réduction des mots inconnus dans la sortie de traduction. Le second aspect de mon travail de thèse est l'adaptation au domaine ou à la tâche de la table de traduction. Finalement, je me suis intéressé à l'amélioration de la modélisation linguistique avec des réseaux de neurones. Ces modèles sont utilisés pour re-évaluer les n-meilleures hypothèses de traduction.Toutes les techniques développées ont été minutieusement incorporées dans le système du LIUM et évaluées dans trois campagnes d’évaluation internationales dans le cadre du projet BOLTThe Arabic language received a lot of attention in the machine translation community during the last decade. It is the official language of 25 countries and it is spoken by more than 380 million people. The interest in Arabic language and its dialects increased more after the Arab spring and the political change in the Arab countries. In this thesis, I worked on improving LIUM's machine translation system for Arabic-English in the frame-work of the BOLT project.In this thesis, I have extend LIUM's phrase-based statistical machine translation system in many ways. Phrase-based systems are considered to be one of the best performing approaches. Basically, two probabilistic models are used, a translation model and a language model.I have been working on improving the translation quality. This is done by focusing on three different aspects. The first aspect is reducing the number of unknown words in the translated output. Second, the entities like numbers or dates that can be translated efficiently by some transfer rules. Finally, I have been working on the transliteration of named entities. The second aspect of my work is the adaptation of the translation model to the domain or genre of the translation task.Finally, I have been working on improved language modeling, based on neural network language models, also called continuous space language models. They are used to rescore the n-best translation hypotheses.All the developed techniques have been thoroughly evaluated and I took part in three international evaluations of the BOLT project
24
Alzahrani, Mohammed Omar. "THE READER'S TURN: THE PACKAGING AND RECEPTION OF CONTEMPORARY ARABIC LITERATURE IN ARABIC AND IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1606425465610702.
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25
Ali, Khudeir Ahmed. "Some aspects of the translation of political language beween English and Arabic." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296223.
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26
Mahmoud, Ismat. "Quality assessment of English-Arabic machine translation output : a text linguistic perspective." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1093.
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27
Al-Sa'adi, Waleed K. "Language studies and translation teaching with special reference to Arabic and English." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237505.
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28
Alneami, Ahmed H. "Design and implementation of an English to Arabic machine translation (MEANA MT)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14819/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new system for Arabic Machine Translation (called MEANA MT) has been built. This system is capable of the analysis of English language as a source and can convert the given sentences into Arabic. The designed system contains three sets of grammar rules governing the PARSING, TRANSFORMATION AND GENERATION PHASES. In the system, word sense ambiguity and some pragmatic patterns were resolved. A new two-way (Analysis/Generation) computational lexicon system dealing with the morphological analysis of the Arabic language has been created. The designed lexicon contains a set of rules governing the morphological inflection and derivation of Arabic nouns, verbs, verb "to be", verb "not to be" and pronouns. The lexicon generates Arabic word forms and their inflectional affixes such as plural and gender morphemes as well as attached pronouns, each according to its rules. It can not parse or generate unacceptable word inflections. This computational system is capable of dealing with vowelized Arabic words by parsing the vowel marks which are attached to the letters. Semantic value pairs were developed to show ~he word sense and other issues in morphology; e.g. genders, numbers and tenses. The system can parse and generate some pragmatic sentences and phrases like proper names, titles, acknowledgements, dates, telephone numbers and addresses. A Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) formalism is used to combine the syntactic, morphological and semantic features. The grammar rules of this system were implemented and compiled in COMMON. LISP based on Tomita's Generalised LR parsing algorithm, augmented by Pseudo and Full Unification packages. After parsing, sentence constituents of the English sentence are rep- _ resented as Feature Structures (F-Structures). These take part in the transfer and generation process which uses transformation' grammar rules to change the English F-Structure into Arabic F-Structure. These Arabic F-Structure features will be suitable for the Arabic generation grammar to build the required Arabic sentence. This system has been tested on three domains (sentences and phrases); the first is a selected children's story, the second semantic sentences and the third domain consists of pragmatic sentences. This research could be considered as a complete solution for a personal MT system for small messages and sublanguage domains.
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Alqahtani, O. A. M. "Investigating the translation of euphemism in the Quran from Arabic into English." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7995/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the accuracy and quality across five different translations of the Quran from Arabic into English, focusing on euphemism. It evaluated the degree of faithfulness or deviation in meaning from the original and corroborated whether this is due to the translating approach or inadequate understanding of the meaning of Quranic text. It assessed the main features of euphemistic expressions in the Quran, how euphemistic expressions have been translated, and provided recommendations on how to improve the translation of euphemistic expressions in the Quran. Throughout its long history, translation and translation studies have never been free from conflicting views. Translation is one of the most researched topics and no other issue has preoccupied theorists and practitioners as much as the translation debate which has brought about a split of views, specifically into those who claim that translation is an art and those who believe that translation is a science. Each camp puts forward unrealistic expectations of what translation is and what it can achieve. Despite the boom in translation studies over the last decades which has provided interesting and fresh insights, it remains an area which has little theoretical base and very few research landmarks. Translation has rarely managed to rise above mere comparative analysis of language pairs, examining their cross linguistic and cultural differences. Translation approaches, procedures and techniques are not one size fits all. They may work well for Indo-European languages but may not for Semitic languages, for instance. They are often prescriptive, abstract and lack practical implications. Highly expressive and colourful components of any language are often deliberately substituted by euphemistic expressions. Euphemism is thus a purposeful act of softening existing terms or expressions with neutral, courteous and ‘clean’ words. Euphemism is said to be a form of deception. This study examined the translation of euphemism in the Quran focusing on the English versions of the Quran by Abdel Haleem, Khan and Al-Hilali, Yusuf Ali, Arberry, and Pickthall. It was found that translators often underestimate the complexity of translation, particularly the translation of euphemism in the Quran Based on the nature of the problem and the research questions, the method adopted in this study used a qualitative approach starting with text based analysis of a broad sample of euphemistic expressions from the five selected versions of translations of the Quran. This was supported by semi-structured interviews with professional translators to gauge their views and perceptions regarding the meanings of euphemism in the Quran. The key findings suggest that there is no single method which will address all of the challenges faced by the translators of euphemisms of the Quran. Moreover, many Islamic concepts and cultural bound items are untranslatable, thus loss of some meaning is inevitable. Findings revealed that straightforward and mechanical transfer of euphemisms from the Quran produces meaningless or clumsy utterances because there is no direct correspondence between Arabic and English euphemistic expressions. Therefore, translating euphemism in the Quran goes beyond mere linguistic transfer. This study has several practical implications. Firstly, it will benefit translators of the Quran by providing fresh insights into dealing with some of the challenges of translating euphemism from the Quran. Secondly, it will provide a platform for further research on translating euphemism as it has expanded the existing literature on translating euphemistic expressions from the Quran to benefit future researchers.
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Al-Kharabsheh, Ala Eddin M. A. A. "The translation of different types of technico-scientific compounds from English into Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26526/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is an evaluative approach to investigate the scope, problems, and intricacies of translating technico-scientific compounds. The study incorporates a qualitative-quantitative approach in which a descriptive-empirical analysis is endorsed by quantitation. The study, which is the first of its kind, focuses on seven different types of compounds namely, endocentric compounds, compounds containing exocentric determinant unit, verbal compounds, compounds containing lexicalised bound morphemes, metaphoric compounds, rhyming compounds, and phrasal compounds. To capture the reality of translating these types, identify possible relevant difficulties, and provide an authentic data corpus for this study, the researcher devised a questionnaire test that included a set of compounds to be translated into Arabic. This test included forty six diversified English scientific compounds taken from four scientific fields that have been arabicized by JAAL (Jordan Academy of Arabic Language) and AALC (Academy of Arabic Language/ Cairo). These fields include Computer Science (CS), General Electricity T.V. and Radio (GETR), Civil and Architectural Engineering (CAG), and Air-conditioning, Cooling and Sanitary Ware (ACS). The population of the study includes postgraduate translation students in Jordan and the U.K., totalling 58 respondents on the M.A. translation programmes at The University of Salford, UMIST University, The University of Durham, and Yarmouk University (Jordan). The results of the data analysis indicated that the translation of the different types of compounds posed real difficulties and true challenges to translators as it is evident in the statistics which reveal that the overall difficulty for endocentric compound accounted for 85.67%, compounds containing exocentric determinant units 84.81%, verbal compounds 80.63%, compounds containing lexicalised bound morphemes 74.46%, metaphoric compounds 71.17%, rhyming compounds 88.26%, and phrasal compounds 89.64%, with a total overall difficulty of 82.09%. Hence, the respondents encountered four main areas of difficulties: conceptual (semantic), lexical, textual, and stylistic. The study exposed eleven strategies the respondents resorted to in order to overcome the translation difficulties. These cover caique translation, literal translation, idiomatic translation, omission, contraction, transposition, transliteration, expansion, explanation, Naht, and blank. In terms of type of equivalence, the respondents mainly employed four types, namely, formal, functional, ideational, and textual. The data analysis showed that formal equivalence was the most frequently utilized one by the student translators. Furthermore, literal translation, the respondents' poor linguistic competence, the respondents' poor contrastive translation competence, the varying degrees of opaqueness and specialization of compounds, lack of sufficient experience and practice in technical translation are factors found to have given rise to a wide spectrum of misinterpretations and mistranslations. Finally, the study is concluded by suggesting a compound-disambiguation scheme comprised of sequential, discrete, interdependent, and complementary processes; drawing some helpful guidelines for the translation of compounds from the point of view of Arabic and that of English; and drawing some recommendations and suggestions for future research.
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Chakhachiro, Raymond, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Education. "The translation of irony in Australian political commentary texts from English into Arabic." THESIS_FE_XXX_Chakhachiro_R.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/425.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main thesis of this study is that the translation of irony from English into Arabic in commentary texts in Australia is not amenable to traditional translation theories. The way Arabic and English speakers employ irony to express themselves reflects the linguistic and cultural distance between both languages. To tackle this problem, the study ventures into a contrastive analysis with reference to a number of linguistic and non-linguistic devices and concepts. It concentrates on the interpretation and the linguistic realisation of irony in both languages by utilising a number of contemporary linguistic models. The research takes the view that ironic devices are the foundation of the structural development of the texts in question. To demonstrate this, the speech act and conversational theories are used. The interaction between the ironic devices and the text development constitute a framework for the overall rhetorical meaning of the text. After an overview of the relevant literature of translation, contrastive analysis and comparative stylistics, an analysis/translation model is devised and implemented. A thorough contrastive analysis is made of English and Arabic commentary texts. Similarities and differences between the Arabic and English texts are found. Discrepancies were observed in the form, function and the number of ironic devices used in both languages. Based on the findings seven general strategies are proposed for the translation of irony in Australian commentary texts from English into Arabic.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Chakhachiro, Raymond. "The translation of irony in Australian political commentary texts from English into Arabic /." View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030715.161818/index.html.
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Almaani, Bashar Osama Saqer. "The Arabic/English translation of King Abdullah II's speeches : a conceptual metaphor approach." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22197/.
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The present study investigates metaphor conceptualisation in political speeches delivered by Abdullah II, King of Jordan. The study will also investigate the translatability of metaphors between English and Arabic. One aim of this research is to identify conceptual metaphors, using examples from the two chosen languages. Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980a/2003), is adopted as the main theoretical framework in this study. The metaphor identification procedure (MIP), proposed by Pragglejaz Group (2007), is used to identify the metaphorical linguistic representation of these metaphors. The works of Cherteris- Black (2004) and Kövecses (2002, 2005) have been helpful for categorising metaphors in their domains. The source texts provide examples from different source domains, mapped onto the domain of politics: JOURNEY, BUILDING, PLANTS, ANIMALS, BURDEN, and so on. The study examines the challenges and strategies of translating conceptual metaphors in Arabic and English. This involves examination of whether the metaphorical expressions are maintained, paraphrased, illustrated, or omitted in the target texts, in light of Mandelblit (1995), Schaffner (2004), and Newmark (1981). The study reveals that metaphorical language is a significant feature of political texts. For metaphor translation, there is no single strategy; rather the translation is significantly conditioned by the ST and TT contexts, as well as the translators’ professional competence. Moreover, data analysis involved exploring the frequency of source domains in both the source and target texts.
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Al-Obaidani, Khalfan. "Ideological aspects of the translation of business annual reports in Oman (English-Arabic)." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/26387/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The socioeconomic context in the renaissance era in Oman has resulted in the development of new forms of discursive prastises and thus, in the introduction of new genres. One of these new genres is the business annual report, which in Oman exists in English and Arabic. This thesis examines the role of translation in the production of annual reports. This research makes a contribution to the field of Translation Studies by examining institutional translation in order to gain insights into translation agents, processes, practises and underlying policies with reference to national business institutions in their sociopolitical and historical and institutional contexts. Business reports are still largely under-researched as a genre in Translation Studies. The thesis starts with an overview of relevant aspects of Translation Studies to arrive at a theoretical framework which informs the analysis. The empirical analysis is based on sixty seven reports produced by different Oman-based companies which vary in size and organisational patterns. Annual reports are characterised as a genre in terms of function and structure at the macro-level as well as the micro-level. They have an informative and a persuasive function, as they are produced by different companies in their attempt to promote and fulfil their respective business interests and objectives. The thesis presents the sociocultural and political contexts of the production of the English and Arabic versions of the annual reports, focusing on the underlying functions and principles of institutions and agents. The next chapter illustrates the textual profiles of the English and the Arabic versions, identifying typical translation strategies. The discussion here operates within the framework of product-oriented Descriptive Translation Studies (Lambert and van Gorp 1985). It is argued that the two language versions reflect aspects of ideology, political affiliation and power relations at both the macro and micro- structural levels. These ideological aspects can be seen in particular in the addition, omission and change of specific expressions which refer to religious or interpersonal aspects. These strategies signal the aim to appeal to wider Arab readers and to fulfil the agendas of different agents (government, companies, chairpersons, directors, etc.). The description of the texts is followed by an account of these aspects in terms of sociopolitical and institutional conditions in the production of the translations. For this explanation, reference is made to sociological approaches to translation, mainly building on the work of Bourdieu (1991). This thesis emphasises that the translation of annual reports is a collective effort which takes place in a particular institutional context. Consequently, the translation strategies are regulated by the objectives of the institution within which translators and other agents operate. The translations are prepared in order to meet the expectations and needs of the intended Arabic language addressees; in addition, the generic features of the reports reveal a progression of transmission and development over the course of time in the spheres of business and economy in Oman. This thesis demonstrates that business companies too can be seen as institutions which contribute significantly to disseminating business terms and concepts and promoting investment opportunities domestically and internationally through translation work.
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Ayyad, Ahmad. "Translation and peace : Arabic, English and Hebrew versions of Israeli-Palestinian peace initiatives." Thesis, Aston University, 2011. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/23577/.
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The present thesis examines Palestinian-Israeli peace initiatives as politically negotiated texts and their different Arabic, English and Hebrew language versions. Its aim is to make a contribution to a deeper understanding of the role of translation and recontextualization of politically negotiated texts in situations of ongoing contemporary conflict. In modern Translation Studies, although research exists on the translation of political texts following functional (e.g. Schäffner 2002) or systemic-linguistic (e.g. Calzada-Pérez 2001) approaches or applying narrative theory (Baker 2006), peace initiatives and politically negotiated texts are still a largely under-researched genre of political texts. The thesis – which takes 31 Arabic, English and Hebrew language versions of 5 different Palestinian-Israeli peace initiatives as its corpus – operates within the framework of product-oriented Descriptive Translation Studies (Lambert and Van Gorp 1985) and Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1992). For all of the peace initiatives analysed, there exist several language versions which were made available in different contexts by different institutions and for different readerships and purposes. The thesis pursues a top-down approach. It begins with presenting the socio-cultural and political contexts of the production of the original versions of the respective peace initiatives (the source texts) and their different language versions (target texts), focusing on their underlying functions and principles of audience design. It then moves to examine how the textual profiles of the language versions of peace initiatives reflect aspects of ideology, political affiliation and power relations at both the macro- and micro-structural levels. The final step is to account for these aspects in terms of socio-political and institutional conditions of the production of the translations. The overall textual analysis demonstrates that when translated, peace initiatives can be interpreted differently by different institutions in their attempt to promote their respective political interests and narratives. Also, it is very frequently that translations produced in one specific institutional context are recontextualised for use in another one. Such recontextualisation goes hand in hand with further textual amendments. To summarize, the thesis demonstrates how these translations – as products – are (re)framed and (re)contextualized in different institutional settings in order to serve different purposes. These texts, thus, play different roles in situations of ongoing contemporary conflict depending on the institutional context in which they are presented and the purposes they set to serve. These main findings make an original contribution to the discipline of Translation Studies in respect of emphasizing the need to study translations in their socio-political, historical and institutional contexts.
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Al, Taai Lamia. "A Comparison of Arabic Literature Translation into English and Swedish : Inverstigating Domestication in the Translation of Arabic Cultural Words - Imarat Yaqubyan as acase in point." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63975.
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Imarat Yaqubyan is a contemporary Arabic novel that encompasses an intensive and variable Arabic culture; this study contains a survey in tables of cultural words, according to Newmark’s categories, “material culture”, “social culture”, “originations”, and “gestures and habits”, as well as their correspondences in the English and the Swedish translated novel versions. In this tripled language study, Arabic, English and Swedish, I undertake a qualitative comparison between the translation strategies used by each translator of the English and Swedish versions. For this purpose I apply the taxonomy of translation strategies established by Pedersen, which is divided first into SL-oriented strategies categorized into “Retention”, “Specification” and “Direct Translation”, and secondly the TL-oriented that includes “Generalization”, “Substitution” and “Omission”, as well as the “Official Equivalent”. Through my analyses process, I link Newmark’s metaphors types, terminology and the seven procedures of translating metaphors with Pedersen’s strategies. In this study, Pedersen’s SL and TL-oriented translation strategies are considered to correspond to Venuti’s terminology of domestication and foreignization. Conclusions are drawn about the use of domesticating strategies in certain cultural words categories of both English and Swedish versions. The study devises the term “False Domestication”.Imarat Yaqubyan är en modern arabisk roman som omfattar en intensiv och dynamisk arabisk kultur. Denna studie innehåller en undersökning, enligt Newmarks kategorier “materiell kultur”, “social kultur”, “uppkomst” och “gester och vanor”, strukturerad i översiktstabeller av kulturella ord förankrade i den arabiska kulturen, samt deras motsvarigheter på engelska och svenska i de översatta romanerna. I denna trespråkiga studie – arabiska, engelska och svenska – åtar jag mig en kvalitativ jämförelse mellan översättningsstrategierna som används av respektive den svenska och engelska översättaren av romanen. För detta ändamål tillämpar jag Pedersens taxonomi, vilken har delats upp i översättningsstrategier gällande källkultur/text (SL-oriented), nämligen överföring (retention), specificering (specification) och direktöversättning (direct Translation), samt målkultur/text (TL-oriented), vilka inkluderar generalisering (generalization), ersättning (substitution) och utelämning (omission). Därutöver tillämpas strategin officiell motsvarighet (official equivalent). Genom min analys länkar jag samman Newmarks metafortyper, den gällande terminologin och de sju förfaranden Newmark nämner rörande översättningar av metaforer med Pedersens strategier. I denna studie motsvarar Pedersens SL och TL-översättningsstrategier Venutis begrepp domesticering (domestication) och exotisering (foreignization). Slutsatser dras sedermera angående de strategier som avser domesticeringen av vissa specifika kulturella ord i både den engelska och den svenska versionen. I studien lanseras även begreppet falsk domesticering “False Domestication”.
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Mouzughi, Huda. "A discourse perspective on the translation of children's literature : the case of English/Arabic translation of fairy tales." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1105.
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Zagood, Mohammed Juma M. "A contrastive study of relativization in English and Arabic with reference to translation pedagogy." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3402/.
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This thesis presents a theoretical overview of relativization in English, relativization in Arabic, and contrasts between them. It also investigates the problems encountered by fourth-year English department students of El-Mergib University in Libya in translating relative clauses from English into Arabic and vice versa. Despite the fact that some studies have been conducted that include relativization in English and Arabic, none of them could be considered comprehensive. Therefore, this thesis presents a detailed discussion of relativization in both languages and examines translation between them. It can also be considered as an attempt to suggest a link between contrastive linguistics and translation studies. It also aims to persuade the officials of the University of El-Mergib to revise the teaching programme at the department of English and/or to establish a new programme in which translation is taught as a separate course. This is shown in the remedial solutions suggested in the conclusion chapter of this thesis. The thesis comprises seven chapters. Chapter One is an introduction to the study. Chapter Two reviews the relevant literature on contrastive studies and relativization in the world’s languages with an emphasis on English-Arabic relativization. Chapter Three presents a theoretical discussion of translation theories, pedagogy, and assessment. Chapter Four gives a theoretical background to relativization in English, relativization in Arabic, and a contrastive study between them. Chapter Five presents the research methodology and design. Chapter Six presents the quantitative and qualitative data analysis. This chapter is the empirical part of the research. It focuses on the description of students’ errors. Chapter Seven (the last one) deals with the conclusion, presents some remedial solutions, gives some recommendations for the University of El-Mergib to overcome the students’ difficulties in translating relative clauses from English into Arabic and vice versa, and suggests some topics for further research.
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Aissi, L. "An analytical study of the process of translation : with special reference to English/Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 1987. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14673/.
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This study attempts to analyse the process of translation and to explore its phases (Analysis, Transfer, Synthesis ) and its related aspects. Translation theory is usually addressed as if languages alone were at stake. In contrast to most studies on transaltion, this study is devoted to analysing the process of translation rather than to a comparative analysis of two languages. The study is set up on the basis of communication theory in general, and draws upon various linguistic theories and other language—related disciplines such as psycholinguistics, semiotics, etc. The basic suggestion posited is that translation should be viewed as a special case of communication process. Four models of the translation process are presented and discussed. All were found to be inadequate in representing the process as a whole (in its entirety). Thus, a more comprehensive representation of the process of translation which takes into consideration various factors is proposed. The representation proposed describes the process of translation as a complex network of operations based on linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It is argued that the main issue in translation theory should not be whether to translate literally or freely but how we can achieve an optimum translation which is the approach taken in this study. It is also hoped that this study may be of benefit to those interested in teaching translation and training would —be translators. It is also recognized that further research is required in the area of the mental processes involved in translation. The motivation for this study is the need felt for clarifying and describing the process of translation in order to improve the quality of translation and to design consequently an adequate syllabus for teaching translation.
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Obiedat, Nawaf. "The presentation of thematic structure in the translation of English and Arabic political discourse." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1437/.
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Alblooshi, Fatima Khalifa. "The Role of Paratextual Elements in the Reception of Translation of Arabic Novels into English." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1617719565200925.
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Al-Shehari, Khalid S. "The semiotics and translation of advertising texts : conventions, constraints and translation strategies with particular reference to English and Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488378.
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Al-Kenai, J. B. S. "Some linguistic and cultural problems of English-Arabic translation and their implications for a strategy of Arabization." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233516.
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Karakira, Steve, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Education. "Lexis versus text : the case for translating English legal texts into Arabic." THESIS_FE_XXX_KARAKIRA_ S.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/19.
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The thesis explores the nature of the difficulties involved in translating legal texts, focusing mainly on translating English legal texts into Arabic. It shows that these difficulties fall into two categories, structural and terminological. the latter being more problematical. The language of law is distinct, rigid, precise and too formal. The difficulty arises when a translator's exposure to the cultural and legal environments of his working languages is unbalanced. This could lead a translator to misunderstand not only the significance of the specialised terms used, but also the distinctive features of syntax and register of the original language text. The other, and more significant, difficulty arises from the lack of equivalence at the term level in the two languages. The research was conducted in two parts. In the first part, original legal texts in both English and Arabic were analysed, and the linguistic exponents extracted and compared. In the second part of the research, the development process of the English and Arabic legal terminology were considered, and the differences in terminology imposed by the different nature of the legal environments explored, including the adversarial versus inquisitorial systems. An empirical study concludes the thesis. It consists of a questionnaire and a list of legal terms which twenty translators were asked to complete. The results of the research are quite controversial. The argument is that difficulties involved in legal translations are more conceived than real in so far as textual, syntactic and structural features are concerned. The similarities between English and Arabic legal texts in this respect are striking. The confusion and indecisiveness which usually reign when translating English legal texts into Arabic will be alleviated through providing examples from contemporary Arabic legal texts, accompanied by textual and linguistic analyses. The real difficulty is in the field of terminology. However, a corpus of terms in the criminal code is discussed, focusing on terms with direct application to the Australian situation. This should be of direct benefit to Arabic translators and interpreters in Australia and other English-speaking countries.Master of Arts (Hons) (Translation)
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Libdeh, As'ad Jabr Abu. "A discourse perspective on figurative expression in literary works with reference to English/Arabic translation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/869.
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This dissertation is intended to fulfil two main objectives, firstly, to examine the function of figures of speech or figurative expression from a discourse point of view, and secondly, to assess whether English/Arabic or Arabic/English translators take into consideration this discourse aspect, and if they do, to what extent. The division of figures of speech is based on Arabic (Barigha) Rhetoric. The dissertation develops along the following lines. It examines the "anatomy" of each individual figure of speech with the aim of establishing their respective merits. It afterwards highlights their collective, social function in a wider sense. The research narrows down their social role concentrating on one main role: creating a bond of intimacy between the speaker and the audience. It further examines the mechanism on which intimacy is based, i.e. politeness. Politeness is a strategy adopted and exacted by a rational speaker on a rational audience and enables him to get them persuaded. It is concluded that each figure of speech presents the speaker with an ideal tool for addressing a particular audience. It follows, therefore, that the having recourse to a particular figure of speech is a stance or an attitude by the speaker towards his audience. Meanwhile, figures of speech collectively present the speaker with a tool which enables him to express a mobility of (discoursal) tones and attitudes. The dissertation develops the theme of attitude through "critical" discourse. Critical discourse fleshes the attitude of the speaker by denaturalizing the orderliness of talk and by providing social accounts which are intended to probe the social roots of language. Critical discourse also accounts for why things happen the way they do, by whom and the motive for their doing. It, therefore, establishes a link between verbal interaction and three social phenomena which determine and are determined by verbal interaction. These factors are: action, institution and higher social formation. Action is at the social base and is presupposed by social structure, institution is the loci of power and provides its subjects with motive and with a frame of work to act within, while higher social formation stands for a series of elements and their interrelations which conjointly define the persistence of a social formation and distinguish one society from another. The study develops an integrated model of critical discourse for the analysis of figurative expression. The model is composed of three components: (i) syntax, (ii) an interpretative guideline, and (iii) an explanatory framework. Finally, figurative expression is examined and a translation assessment based on an empirical approach is made. The dissertation examines figures of speech in literary works where they abound. Nevertheless its findings can be applicable to other discourse types. This is because it deals with figurative expression as a transaction that is negotiated between the two parties to the verbal interaction. The implication of the critical approach towards the study of discourse for the translator-trainee is two-fold. First, he should make a thorough linguistic analysis of figurative expression before he embarks on translating, and second, he should consider language as a social practice that has its roots in the society from which it emanates. He, therefore, has to try to account for all factors that might have a bearing on the meaning of the text he is going to handle. The findings deduced from this study are summed up as follows. First, figures of speech are functional in that they specifically help discourse to emerge and help to distinguish one discourse type from another. Second, figures of speech form an ensemble of thought which can express a body of (discoursal) attitudes and tones. Third, the dissertation corroborates that negligence or unawareness of the discourse aspect weakens the effect of figures of speech and sometimes distorts the meaning. Four, the present studies by both theorists and experimenters of figurative expression are not sensitive enough to its discourse function, nor are the translators of the two novels which form the data for this study.
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Al, Saleem K. O. "The translation of financial terms between English and Arabic, with particular reference to Islamic banking." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30777/.
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This thesis investigates the main features of professional translations of Islamic banking terms from Arabic to English and of translations of financial terms in English-Arabic dictionaries. The focus of the study is an analysis of three different translations (by Hamilton, Baintner and Nyazee) of the well-known Hanafi text Al-Hidāyah by Al-Marghinani, fatwas translated by Talal DeLorenzo in A Compendium of Legal Opinions on the Operation of Islamic Banks and the Saudi official fatwa website. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the thesis. Chapter 2 provides an overview of Islamic banking. Chapter 3 provides an account of the semantic principles which are used to investigate the terms under investigation. Chapter 4 examines Islamic financial terminology in the translations of Hamilton, Baintner, Nyazee, DeLorenzo and the Saudi official fatwa website, in order to ascertain: (i) what translation techniques are used by these translators; (ii) how frequently each of these translation techniques are used; and (iii) how acceptable each of these translation techniques is on average. In Chapter 5, the quantitative aspect of the analysis of Islamic financial terminology is developed, by seeking via a questionnaire the opinion of three groups of the translations of Hamilton, Baintner, Nyazee, and DeLorenzo in respect of (i) acceptability, (ii) comprehensibility. These groups are: 1. Arab professional translators (from Saudi Arabia), 2. Arab student translators (from Saudi Arabia), and 3. British student translators. The questionnaire analysed in Chapter 5 also asks the three groups of respondents, in cases where they deem translations to be unacceptable, to identify what translation technique(s) they find unacceptable. The results deriving from this analysis in Chapter 5 are compared with the acceptability judgements for individual translation techniques produced in Chapter 4, to provide a more detailed and insightful account of what translators find unacceptable in the translation of technical Arabic financial terms into English. Chapter 6 considers dictionaries of banking terms, assessing the degree of concordance between the subjects of the sample and translators on the one hand, and the financial term translations given in dictionaries, on the other. A short questionnaire was distributed to a group of qualified translators to evaluate the success of the translations of the terms identified in the texts. Chapter 7 provides a conclusion to the current work, and recommendations for future research.
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Mohammed, Tawffeek Abdou Saeed. "A taxonomy of problems in arabic-english Translation: a systemic functional Linguistics approach Tawffeek abdou." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4103.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDWorking with Arab students pursuing a degree in English Language and Translation at the Taiz University, Republic of Yemen, has brought to the researcher‟s attention a number of errors or problems encountered in Arabic to English translation. This study aims to investigate the problems encountered by student translators (STs), novice translators (NTs) as well as more experienced translators (Ts) while translating from Arabic into English. The study starts with the assumption that Arabic and English belong to different families of languages and thus there is rarely a word-for-word equivalence in both languages. The present study is cross-sectional in nature. It is based on empirical data collected from several categories of translators. In other words, the data was collected from fourth-year students in the department of English and Translation in the Faculty of Arts, Taiz University, as well as five NTs who have previously graduated from this department and are currently working in a number of accredited translation offices in Taiz. The study also investigates the challenges faced by Ts. For this purpose, a novel, a tourist brochure, an editorial, and three academic abstracts all translated by established publishing houses and translation centres in and outside Yemen are examined. These texts are analyzed to determine to what extent the problems faced by STs and NTs reoccur in published translations produced by Ts. For its conceptual framework, the study adopts an eclectic approach that does not stick rigidly to a particular paradigm but rather draws upon multiple linguistic and translation theories. However, it is mainly based on Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and the problems have been classified along his taxonomy of meaning metafunctions into ideational, interpersonal and textual. Extra-textual problems are also analyzed. Several SFG-based translation models such as Hatim and Mason‟s (1990) sociometic model, House‟s (1977, 1997) translation quality assessment model, Hervey et al. (1992) register analysis model and Baker‟s (1990) equivalence model are also employed in the study to help the researcher examine the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation within those four categories. In addition, Nord‟s functional model to translation which is based on Skopos theory is also taken into consideration although to a minimum extent. In addition to the analysis of translations produced by various categories of translators, the study uses several triangulation research tools such as questionnaire, Thinking Aloud Protocols (TAPs), retrospective interviews, and classroom observation. These tools are employed to assist the researcher to identify the possible causes for the problems the STs, NTs, and Ts experience from the perspective of the participants themselves. The current translation programme at Taiz University is also analyzed to determine to what extent it contributes to the poor performance of the student translators and would-be translators. The study concludes that STs, NTs and even Ts encounter several problems at the ideational, interpersonal and textual levels. They also encounter problems at the extra-textual stratum. The study attributes these problems to structural and cultural differences between the two languages, the reliance on the dictionary rather than the meaning in use of lexical items, the differences in the cohesion and coherence systems of Arabic and English, the negligence of the role of context in translation as well as unfamiliarity with text-typologies and genre conventions. In other words, participants follow a bottom-up approach in translation and come close to the source text translating it literally. This approach is very damaging because it ignores the fact that the three metafunctions might be realized differently in the two languages. Furthermore, the study concludes that the manner in which translation is taught at Taiz University as well as the syllabus contribute mainly to the lack of translation competence of the student translators and would-be translators. The programme is inadequate and it needs urgent review and improvements. The present syllabus does not keep abreast with the latest theoretical and practical developments in the discipline of translation as well as neighbouring disciplines such as contrastive linguistics, text-analysis, discourse analysis, corpus linguistics and the like. As for methodology, the study concludes that it is the transmissionist (teacher-centred) teaching approach rather than the transformational (learner-centred) which is commonly used in teaching translation. As a result, the read-and-translate approach dominates the scene and no tasks, activities, or projects are given to the STs. The study provides some recommendations, which if implemented, can be useful in enabling Yemeni and Arab universities to improve the competence among student translators in order to improve translation teaching at academic level. A major contribution of this study is the description and classification of translation problems in Arabic-English translation on the basis of meaning systems. Unlike traditional descriptive error analysis, which is widely used to analyze the translation product, SFG-based text analysis provides a systematic description of translation problems which allows a precise articulation of the nature of problems that would otherwise be explained simply as translations which “sound unnatural or awkward” (Kim 2008; Yallop 1999). As far as the researcher knows, no study in the Arab world has yet tackled translation problems from this perspective. Other studies have tackled deviated forms produced by students or translators using an error analysis technique rather than a holistic approach based on solid theoretical knowledge. In other words, while most other studies focused on specific „errors‟ and error analysis and ended at that, the present study does not only looks at „errors‟ as „difference‟ (from contrastive analysis) but rather from several perspectives. It is also more comprehensive by triangulating several sources of data and pooling them together for a more informed understanding.
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Ari, Galal Nour Mohamed. "Influence of contextual factors on translation shifts case study : English to Arabic translation of reports from the Pan African Parliament (PAP)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research set out to study the influence of contextual factors on the occurrence of translation shifts through the case study of English to Arabic translation of reports from the Pan African Parliament (PAP). The phenomenon of translation shifts has not yet been dealt with extensively in the field of translation and in particular in the combination of English and Arabic. Therefore, this research intends to contribute positively to fill this gap in the body of knowledge. The main objective of the research is to explore the nature of contextual factors that impact on the occurrence of the phenomenon of translation shifts and how this very phenomenon is manifested in translation strategies that are used to overcome translation problems at the word and above word levels. To achieve the objectives of the research, a quantitative and qualitative study was designed to explore the correlation among three related variables which are: translation problems, translation strategies and translation shifts. As a case study the data focuses on reports (ST and TT) of the Permanent Committees of the PAP produced between 2010 and 2016. The research found that at the word level, both the stylistic and contextual factors had an influence on the occurrence of the translation shifts, but the influence of the contextual factors is less than that of the stylistic factors. On the other hand, the research found that the contextual factor is the main factor that impacts on the same phenomenon above word level. The main conclusions of the research are that because of the inherent structural differences between English and Arabic, the occurrence of translation shifts is inevitable. There are also many other factors, such as stylistic and contextual factors, which govern the structure of different languages. Therefore, the research emphasises that the occurrence of this phenomenon is natural and it should be expected between any two languages. Finally, due to specific limitations in the study, the research recommends that the scope of the study be widened in future research. The research further strongly advocates for the study of translation shifts in various contexts, and therefore recommends that the study of this phenomenon should form part of any translation course.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
African Languages
MA
Unrestricted
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Abachi, A. "Investigating translation teaching methods through classroom interaction analysis : a case-study of Arabic-English teaching situation." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26485/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to investigate translation teaching methods as practised in the classroom. Its content falls into two parts. Part One is a review of literature on translation teaching in general in which the main issues, such as the formal academic training of translators, are identified and the curriculum content described (Chapter 1). This is followed by a review of the theoretical aspects of translation teaching methods and their relation between language studies and translation theory (Chapter 2), the main purpose of which is to gain an overall understanding of the mechanism of translation and its techniques so as to facilitate the execution of the research. Part Two is the design of the research and its execution. The research is data-based. The data are tape-recorded translation lessons collected from 3 different classes in three different universities. A background to the procedure adopted for data-collection, the subjects who participated in this study, and the Sinclair system of classroom interaction analysis which was applied to the data are described in Chapter 3. This is followed by the application of Sinclair's system to the data on the basis of which a coding system was set up (Chapter 4). The data analysis revealed the existence of three different translation methods; namely the grammatical, the text-linguistic and the interpretive. The characteristics of each method are described and their implications analysed (Chapter 5). The thesis ends with a critical assessment of translation teaching in general and translation teaching methods in particular and proposes guidelines for an experiment for a unified teaching method.
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Donovan, Samia Bazzi. "Discourse shifts in the translation of politically sensitive texts with relevance to English/Arabic media texts." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1112.
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