Дисертації з теми "Engagement dispositions"

Le sujet d’étude de ce mémoire est le processus d'engagement militant. Plus précisément, on fait l’investigation des conditions et des mécanismes qui expliquent les différentes formes d'engagement chez les jeunes. La recherche a été menée auprès de deux organisations distinctes: le Levante Popular da Juventude et projet de bénévolat Tribos nas Trilhas da Cidadania, tous les deux situés dans la ville de Porto Alegre / RS. De la discussion théorique de la contentious politics et de la sociologie française du militantisme, on a élaboré un modèle d'analyse du processus d'engagement, en le décrivant et en le décomposant en ses conditions et mécanismes de base. En effet, le point de départ est l'argument qui dit que l'engagement est constitué comme un processus relationnel, à partir d'un ensemble de conditions qui demande de celui qui est engagé certaines dispositions qui impliquent les intérêts, les croyances et les valeurs et qui permettent l'identification à une «cause», outre les compétences, les ressources et l'accès aux possibilités de mobilisation. L’analyse commence d'un point de vue individuel pour expliquer l’engagement de manière non-individuelle. On a choisi l'étude comparative avec la réalisation de douze entretiens en profondeur avec des jeunes participants, avec un coordinateur de chaque organisation et l'observation participante dans des actions, des rancontres, des réunions et de la recherche documentaire. En conséquence, il a été observé que les jeunes s’engagent à partir de mécanismes similaires, mais la diversité des formes d'engagement est due à de différentes caractéristiques de l'organisation, tels que les structures de mobilisation et des répertoires d'action et des frames. La compatibilité entre le «stock» de dispositions, capacités et ressources de ces personnes et les caractéristiques organisationnelles est fondamentale pour le rapprochement entre les jeunes et les organisations. En conséquence, des différences significatives ont été observées lors de l'analyse de l'interaction associative, de la socialisation militante et la connexion structurelle de chacun des groupes. Ainsi, bien que les mécanismes étudiés étaient les mêmes dans le mouvement social et dans le bénévolat, les combinaisons entre les différentes caractéristiques organisationnelles et individuelles ont rendu possible l'expérience de l'engagement à partir de cinq dimensions: pour les jeunes participants des TTCs, l'engagement a été du type altruiste, consensuel, ponctuel, individuel et de continuité. La capacité construite chez les jeunes du LPJ et l'organisation a eu lieu à partir d'un engagement désintéressé, conflictuel, global, collectif et de rupture. Avec cela, les TTCs jouent leur rôle en montrant aux jeunes la situation d'inégalité sociale, la production d'un malaise face à la situation vécue dans notre société et en encourageant les actions de bienfaisance, sans toutefois identifier un ennemi ou disputer des ressources spécifiques. À son tour, le LPJ, à partir d'un fort processus militant de socialisation forte, concentre l’indignation des jeunes, en offrant une possibilité d'insertion dans l'organisation et dans les actions de contestation, en disputant des ressources spécifiques à partir de l'identification d'un ennemi commun.<br>A presente dissertação tem como tema de estudo o processo de engajamento militante. Especificamente, investigam-se condições e mecanismos que explicam diferentes formas de engajamento entre os jovens. A pesquisa foi realizada junto de duas organizações distintas: o Levante Popular da Juventude e o projeto de voluntariado Tribos nas Trilhas da Cidadania, ambos localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. A partir da discussão teórica da contentious politics e da sociologia do militantismo francesa, elaborou-se um modelo de análise do processo de engajamento, sendo o mesmo descrito e decomposto em suas condições e mecanismos básicos. Com efeito, parte-se do argumento de que o engajamento se constitui como um processo relacional, a partir de um conjunto de condições que requerem do envolvido certas disposições que envolvem interesses, crenças, valores e que possibilitem a identificação com uma “causa”, além de competências, recursos e acesso a oportunidades de mobilização. A análise parte de um ponto de vista individual para explicar de forma não individual o engajamento. Optou-se pelo estudo comparativo, com a realização de doze entrevistas em profundidade com os jovens participantes, com um coordenador de cada organização e observação participante em ações, encontros e reuniões e pesquisa documental. Como resultado, observou-se que os jovens passam a engajar-se a partir de mecanismos similares, mas a diversidade de formas de engajamento dá-se em função de características distintas da organização, tais como estruturas de mobilização, repertórios de ação e frames. A compatibilidade entre o “estoque” de disposições, capacidades e recursos dos indivíduos e estas características organizacionais é fundamental para a aproximação entre os jovens e as organizações. Por consequência, perceberam-se diferenças significativas ao se analisar a interação associativa, a socialização militante e a conexão estrutural de cada um dos grupos estudados. Assim, embora os mecanismos averiguados fossem os mesmos no movimento social e no voluntariado, as combinações entre diferentes características organizacionais e individuais oportunizariam a vivência do engajamento a partir de cinco dimensões: para os jovens participantes das TTC, a de um engajamento altruísta, consensual, pontual, individual e de continuidade. Já a possibilidade construída entre os jovens do LPJ e a organização deu-se a partir de um engajamento altruísta, conflitivo, global, coletivo e de ruptura. Com isso, as TTC cumprem um papel ao mostrarem aos jovens a situação de desigualdade social, produzindo um incômodo com a situação vivenciada em nossa sociedade e incentivando ações beneficentes, sem, no entanto, identificar um inimigo ou disputar recursos específicos. Já o LPJ, a partir de um forte processo de socialização militante, canaliza a indignação dos jovens, oferecendo uma possibilidade de inserção na organização e nas ações contestatórias, disputando recursos específicos a partir da identificação de um inimigo comum.<br>This subject study of this thesis is the militant engagement process. Specifically, the conditions and mechanisms that explain different forms of engagement among youth have been investigated. The research was conducted with two distinct organizations: the Levante Popular da Juventude and the volunteer project Tribos nas Trilhas da Cidadania, both from the city of Porto Alegre / RS. From the theoretical discussion of contentious politics and the French ativism sociology, an analysis model of the engagement process, describing it and breaking it down into its basic mechanisms and conditions, was drawn up, with its description and decomposition in its conditions and basic mechanisms. Indeed, the starting point argument is that the engagement is constituted as a relational process, from a set of conditions that require from people involved some dispositions concern interests, beliefs, and values enabling the identification with a "cause", besides some skills, resources and access to mobilization opportunities. The analysis starts from an individual point of view to explain the engagement in a non-individual way. It was chosen the comparative study with twelve in-depth interviews with youth participants, with a coordinator from each organization and participant observation in actions and meetings and documentary research. As a result, it was observed that young people become engaged from similar mechanisms, but the diversity of forms of engagement occurs due to different characteristics of the organization, such as mobilization structures, repertoires of action and frames. Compatibility between the "stock" of dispositions, capabilities and resources of these individuals and organizational characteristics is fundamental to the approach between youth and organizations. Consequently, significant differences were noticed when analyzing the associative interaction, militant socialization and structural connection of each of the groups. Thus, although the investigated mechanisms were in the same in the social movement and volunteering, the combinations between different organizational and individual characteristics would make possible the experience of engagement based on five dimensions: for the young participants of the TTC, there is the altruistic, consensual, timely, individual and continual engagement. The possibility built among the youth of LPJ and the organization took place from a selfless, conflictive, global, collective and rupture engagement. With this, the TTCs play a role in showing young people the situation of social inequality, producing a discomfort with the situation experienced in our society and encouraging charitable actions, but without identifying an enemy or fight for specific resources. By the other hand, the LPJ, from a strong socialization militant process, focuses the indignation of young people, offering a possibility for inclusion in the organization and in the contesting actions, disputing specific resources from the identification of a common enemy.

Contre l'idée d'une réussite sportive qui serait le produit de qualités physiques innées inégalement réparties, ce travail analyse les conditions sociales de la réussite athlétique. En étudiant les interactions sociales et modes de socialisation qui balisent les parcours sociaux et sportifs des athlètes de haut niveau (AHN), il s'agit de caractériser les différentes étapes de la carrière athlétique. Le travail d'inculcation d'une vocation sportive et de conversion à un projet de vie particulier se situe au centre de l'analyse. Une étude des configurations familiales et sportives des AHN permet de mieux appréhender les contextes favorables à la construction et l'activation d'un système de dispositions " adapté " à la réalité " objective " de chaque étape de la carrière athlétique. La déconstruction des mythes caractérisant la perception de la réussite sportive passe également par une analyse de la distribution des AHN selon l'origine sociale, le sexe et la " race ". En effet, au-delà du rôle de la famille dans la transmission et le développement d'un capital sportif, le soutien familial constitue un facteur discriminant pour le déroulement de la carrière sportive de haut niveau. D'autre part, l'analyse du régime de genre spécifique au monde de la compétition athlétique de haut niveau permet de repérer des processus de ségrégation et de distinction sociale qui pèsent différemment sur l'engagement sportif des hommes et des femmes. Enfin, des processus d'identification raciale s'appuyant sur des catégorisations relativement complexes définissent des " sous communautés " athlétiques aux frontières plus ou moins définies et perméables. Dans ce cadre, l'engagement dans la carrière s'accompagne parfois d'une logique de revendication identitaire et de retournement d'un stigmate<br>Against the perception witch associates the sportive success with some innate physical qualities, we analyse the social circumstances of the athletic success. We focalize our analysis on the social interactions and the socializing processes which characterize the high level athlete's social trajectories. In order to characterise those trajectories, we focalize on the successive stages of the athletic career which are qualified in the light of a vocational inculcation and a conversion to a particular project of life. To understand those social processes, we analysis the configurations which are less or more likely to assist the construction and the activation of an habitus defined as a dispositional system less or more adapted to the objective reality of the career. Breaking the myths of the sportive success we also analyse the high level athlete's social distribution according to their class, sex and race. Indeed, families participate to the transmission and the development of the sportive capital and their availability is a discriminating factor for the development of the sportive career. The analyse of the gender regime which takes place in the world of the high level athletic competition also reveals some processes of segregation and social distinction which have an influence on the sportive involvement. The world of the high level performance is also characterised by some processes of racial identification which define several communities which boundaries are less or more vague and permeable. In this, the involvement in the athletic career is sometimes coloured of some ethnical claims and a stigma reversal

Les élus locaux veulent associer les citoyens, qui veulent pouvoir être entendus et peser dans les décisions. Ces propositions résument les enjeux d'une démocratie participative, à la fois comme idéal de gouvernement et comme norme de l'action publique locale. La thèse revient sur la mise à l'épreuve de l'impératif délibératif à l'échelle municipale, depuis les années 1990. L'enquête repose sur l'analyse des conditions sociales de la production et de la réception d'offres institutionnelles de participation, dans trois communes de 20 000 habitants. Au travers d'une approche inductive et pluri-méthodologique, nous proposons une sociologie de l'engagement participatif, entre études sur la socialisation politique et sur l'action publique locale. L'attention portée aux contextes, aux acteurs et aux formats de l'offre de participation, permet d'en constater l'institutionnalisation inaboutie et les appropriations socialement situées. Nous argumentons en faveur d'une compréhension dispositionnelle et situationnelle des parcours de participation et de non-participation, pour élaborer une théorie ancrée de l'engagement participatif, entre pouvoir et vouloir. Dans ce cadre, la possibilité intermittente d'une participation réalisée ne se comprend qu'au regard d'un engagement distancié, critiqué, empêché ou évité. En toute fin, si elle est une voie d'intéressement à un intérêt local commun, l'offre de participation voit sa portée sociale et politique fondamentalement limitée par l’encastrement de la participation dans la représentation<br>This thesis studies political participation at local level and its implications for citizen engagement in public policy. Local elected representatives want to engage citizens in governance, citizens want to be heard and to influence policy making. Thus participatory democracy and deliberative imperative are considered as an ideal for government and a best practice in public action. This thesis focuses on "offers of participation" - opportunities for participation created by authorities for citizen - in French municipalities since 1990. I argue that these "offers" swing between thwart institutionalising and continuous experimenting. Empirical data are derived from the study of policies for implementing participatory democracy in three cities of 20 000 inhabitants. I discuss the social-historical anchorage of these political-­administrative constructions, the effects of their various design and the social conditions of their differentiate appropriations by citizens. I suggest a grounded theory of citizen engagement based on an inductive and multi-method approach. The analytical framework is based on the concepts of social dispositions and situations, in order to determine social conditions of patterns of participation and non-participation, as both faces of a similar phenomenon. The opportunity for an effective intermittent participation can only be understood in relation with a distanced, impeached, prevented or avoided participation. "Offers of participation" are a way to mobilise citizens on a common local interest. Though, their impact is narrowed by the fact that participation is imbedded in the system of political representation

Mindfulness, characterized with present-moment awareness, non-judgment, and non-reactivity, has demonstrated its potential in contemporary counseling psychology as a cultivatable coping mechanism for healing against negative emotions and symptomology. Researchers have identified health benefits for those who possess higher levels of this trait without practice. Limited research has explored the potential benefits of mindfulness in contributing to the cultivation of adaptive career decision-making. In particular, there is no study investigating the the role of mindfulness on college students' coping with career indecision stemming from emotional and personality concerns, or its influence on their occupational engagement. This study was a survey-based investigation of the relations among dispositional mindfulness, occupational engagement, and emotional career indecision in a diverse sample of college participants (N = 166). The results from analysis indicate that dispositional mindfulness is significantly related to emotional career indecision and occupational engagement, with multiple facets of mindfulness contributing a significant amount of variance in emotional career indecision. Future research and clinical implications are also discussed.