Дисертації з теми "Engagement dispositions"

Loin de l'"animateur sportif frimeur" que voit en lui le grand public, "le" professeur de fitness répond à des logiques managériales implacables d'autant plus puissantes que, dans certains contextes, elles sont au principe de la construction de dispositions durables. Parler de "management par corps", c'est poser l'existence d'une diffusion tacite de règles, de normes et de valeurs à travers les corps, c'est-à-dire au-delà de ce qui peut être dit et compris de façon formelle. C'est ce que vient analyser ce travail de thèse - s'intéressant alors à la socialisation des professeurs de fitness au sein de la marque néo-zélandaise leader mondiale actuellement : Les Mills® - à travers un apprentissage technique de gestes efficaces, ou encore d'une diffusion implicite d'attitudes, de présentations de soi et de savoir-être. Plus précisément, en confrontant des dispositions sociales individuelles avec les logiques managériales mises en place par la marque, il s'agit de saisir les modalités de l'engagement "corps et âme" d'individus devenus instructeurs LesMills®. A travers des cours collectifs de fitness standardisés, plus qu'une simple lecture d'activité physique et sportive de forme, il s'agit d'apporter un regard sociologique sur la mise en place de modalités socialisatrices "par corps". La prestation de soi inhérente au métier "d'instructeur LesMills" s'inscrit dans une efficacité de corps pour une performance esthétisante qui induit l'homogénéisation des manières d'agir, de penser et de sentir, sur des individus en quête de reconnaissance sociale
Far from the "sporting entertainment enthusiast" that the general public sees in him, "the" fitness teacher responds to implacable managerial logic that is all the more powerful in that, in certain contexts, they are at the heart of the construction of lasting dispositions. . To speak of "management by body", is to pose the existence of a tacit diffusion of rules, norms and values through the bodies, that is to say beyond what can be said and formally understood. This is what the thesis work has to do - focusing on the socialization of fitness teachers in the world-leading New Zealand brand: Les Mills® - through technical training in effective gestures, or an implicit diffusion of attitudes, self-presentation and well-being. More precisely, by confronting individual social provisions with the managerial logics put in place by the brand, it is a matter of grasping the terms of the "body and soul" commitment of individuals who have become LesMills® instructors. Through standardized group fitness classes, more than just a reading of physical activity and sporting form, it is a question of bringing a sociological perspective on the setting up of socializing modalities "by body". The self-service inherent in the profession of "instructor LesMills" is part of a body efficiency for aesthetic performance that induces the homogenization of the ways of acting, thinking and feeling, on individuals in search of social recognition

This is a qualitative, mixed-methods study that focuses on the dispositions that preservice teachers bring into teacher education programs in regard to homelessness. Teacher education programs play an important role in providing preservice teachers experiences teaching that prepare them for working with diverse populations of students. Students enrolled in an elementary art methods course and participated in a civic engagement experience, teaching children after school who were living in a transitional housing program. The results of this study showed evidence that working in community settings with diverse students can alter preservice teachers' notions and awareness of impoverished and homeless children. As a researcher, it is my hope that this alteration will significantly impact the way that pre-service teachers interact with all of their future students.

Le sujet d’étude de ce mémoire est le processus d'engagement militant. Plus précisément, on fait l’investigation des conditions et des mécanismes qui expliquent les différentes formes d'engagement chez les jeunes. La recherche a été menée auprès de deux organisations distinctes: le Levante Popular da Juventude et projet de bénévolat Tribos nas Trilhas da Cidadania, tous les deux situés dans la ville de Porto Alegre / RS. De la discussion théorique de la contentious politics et de la sociologie française du militantisme, on a élaboré un modèle d'analyse du processus d'engagement, en le décrivant et en le décomposant en ses conditions et mécanismes de base. En effet, le point de départ est l'argument qui dit que l'engagement est constitué comme un processus relationnel, à partir d'un ensemble de conditions qui demande de celui qui est engagé certaines dispositions qui impliquent les intérêts, les croyances et les valeurs et qui permettent l'identification à une «cause», outre les compétences, les ressources et l'accès aux possibilités de mobilisation. L’analyse commence d'un point de vue individuel pour expliquer l’engagement de manière non-individuelle. On a choisi l'étude comparative avec la réalisation de douze entretiens en profondeur avec des jeunes participants, avec un coordinateur de chaque organisation et l'observation participante dans des actions, des rancontres, des réunions et de la recherche documentaire. En conséquence, il a été observé que les jeunes s’engagent à partir de mécanismes similaires, mais la diversité des formes d'engagement est due à de différentes caractéristiques de l'organisation, tels que les structures de mobilisation et des répertoires d'action et des frames. La compatibilité entre le «stock» de dispositions, capacités et ressources de ces personnes et les caractéristiques organisationnelles est fondamentale pour le rapprochement entre les jeunes et les organisations. En conséquence, des différences significatives ont été observées lors de l'analyse de l'interaction associative, de la socialisation militante et la connexion structurelle de chacun des groupes. Ainsi, bien que les mécanismes étudiés étaient les mêmes dans le mouvement social et dans le bénévolat, les combinaisons entre les différentes caractéristiques organisationnelles et individuelles ont rendu possible l'expérience de l'engagement à partir de cinq dimensions: pour les jeunes participants des TTCs, l'engagement a été du type altruiste, consensuel, ponctuel, individuel et de continuité. La capacité construite chez les jeunes du LPJ et l'organisation a eu lieu à partir d'un engagement désintéressé, conflictuel, global, collectif et de rupture. Avec cela, les TTCs jouent leur rôle en montrant aux jeunes la situation d'inégalité sociale, la production d'un malaise face à la situation vécue dans notre société et en encourageant les actions de bienfaisance, sans toutefois identifier un ennemi ou disputer des ressources spécifiques. À son tour, le LPJ, à partir d'un fort processus militant de socialisation forte, concentre l’indignation des jeunes, en offrant une possibilité d'insertion dans l'organisation et dans les actions de contestation, en disputant des ressources spécifiques à partir de l'identification d'un ennemi commun.
A presente dissertação tem como tema de estudo o processo de engajamento militante. Especificamente, investigam-se condições e mecanismos que explicam diferentes formas de engajamento entre os jovens. A pesquisa foi realizada junto de duas organizações distintas: o Levante Popular da Juventude e o projeto de voluntariado Tribos nas Trilhas da Cidadania, ambos localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. A partir da discussão teórica da contentious politics e da sociologia do militantismo francesa, elaborou-se um modelo de análise do processo de engajamento, sendo o mesmo descrito e decomposto em suas condições e mecanismos básicos. Com efeito, parte-se do argumento de que o engajamento se constitui como um processo relacional, a partir de um conjunto de condições que requerem do envolvido certas disposições que envolvem interesses, crenças, valores e que possibilitem a identificação com uma “causa”, além de competências, recursos e acesso a oportunidades de mobilização. A análise parte de um ponto de vista individual para explicar de forma não individual o engajamento. Optou-se pelo estudo comparativo, com a realização de doze entrevistas em profundidade com os jovens participantes, com um coordenador de cada organização e observação participante em ações, encontros e reuniões e pesquisa documental. Como resultado, observou-se que os jovens passam a engajar-se a partir de mecanismos similares, mas a diversidade de formas de engajamento dá-se em função de características distintas da organização, tais como estruturas de mobilização, repertórios de ação e frames. A compatibilidade entre o “estoque” de disposições, capacidades e recursos dos indivíduos e estas características organizacionais é fundamental para a aproximação entre os jovens e as organizações. Por consequência, perceberam-se diferenças significativas ao se analisar a interação associativa, a socialização militante e a conexão estrutural de cada um dos grupos estudados. Assim, embora os mecanismos averiguados fossem os mesmos no movimento social e no voluntariado, as combinações entre diferentes características organizacionais e individuais oportunizariam a vivência do engajamento a partir de cinco dimensões: para os jovens participantes das TTC, a de um engajamento altruísta, consensual, pontual, individual e de continuidade. Já a possibilidade construída entre os jovens do LPJ e a organização deu-se a partir de um engajamento altruísta, conflitivo, global, coletivo e de ruptura. Com isso, as TTC cumprem um papel ao mostrarem aos jovens a situação de desigualdade social, produzindo um incômodo com a situação vivenciada em nossa sociedade e incentivando ações beneficentes, sem, no entanto, identificar um inimigo ou disputar recursos específicos. Já o LPJ, a partir de um forte processo de socialização militante, canaliza a indignação dos jovens, oferecendo uma possibilidade de inserção na organização e nas ações contestatórias, disputando recursos específicos a partir da identificação de um inimigo comum.
This subject study of this thesis is the militant engagement process. Specifically, the conditions and mechanisms that explain different forms of engagement among youth have been investigated. The research was conducted with two distinct organizations: the Levante Popular da Juventude and the volunteer project Tribos nas Trilhas da Cidadania, both from the city of Porto Alegre / RS. From the theoretical discussion of contentious politics and the French ativism sociology, an analysis model of the engagement process, describing it and breaking it down into its basic mechanisms and conditions, was drawn up, with its description and decomposition in its conditions and basic mechanisms. Indeed, the starting point argument is that the engagement is constituted as a relational process, from a set of conditions that require from people involved some dispositions concern interests, beliefs, and values enabling the identification with a "cause", besides some skills, resources and access to mobilization opportunities. The analysis starts from an individual point of view to explain the engagement in a non-individual way. It was chosen the comparative study with twelve in-depth interviews with youth participants, with a coordinator from each organization and participant observation in actions and meetings and documentary research. As a result, it was observed that young people become engaged from similar mechanisms, but the diversity of forms of engagement occurs due to different characteristics of the organization, such as mobilization structures, repertoires of action and frames. Compatibility between the "stock" of dispositions, capabilities and resources of these individuals and organizational characteristics is fundamental to the approach between youth and organizations. Consequently, significant differences were noticed when analyzing the associative interaction, militant socialization and structural connection of each of the groups. Thus, although the investigated mechanisms were in the same in the social movement and volunteering, the combinations between different organizational and individual characteristics would make possible the experience of engagement based on five dimensions: for the young participants of the TTC, there is the altruistic, consensual, timely, individual and continual engagement. The possibility built among the youth of LPJ and the organization took place from a selfless, conflictive, global, collective and rupture engagement. With this, the TTCs play a role in showing young people the situation of social inequality, producing a discomfort with the situation experienced in our society and encouraging charitable actions, but without identifying an enemy or fight for specific resources. By the other hand, the LPJ, from a strong socialization militant process, focuses the indignation of young people, offering a possibility for inclusion in the organization and in the contesting actions, disputing specific resources from the identification of a common enemy.

Contre l'idée d'une réussite sportive qui serait le produit de qualités physiques innées inégalement réparties, ce travail analyse les conditions sociales de la réussite athlétique. En étudiant les interactions sociales et modes de socialisation qui balisent les parcours sociaux et sportifs des athlètes de haut niveau (AHN), il s'agit de caractériser les différentes étapes de la carrière athlétique. Le travail d'inculcation d'une vocation sportive et de conversion à un projet de vie particulier se situe au centre de l'analyse. Une étude des configurations familiales et sportives des AHN permet de mieux appréhender les contextes favorables à la construction et l'activation d'un système de dispositions " adapté " à la réalité " objective " de chaque étape de la carrière athlétique. La déconstruction des mythes caractérisant la perception de la réussite sportive passe également par une analyse de la distribution des AHN selon l'origine sociale, le sexe et la " race ". En effet, au-delà du rôle de la famille dans la transmission et le développement d'un capital sportif, le soutien familial constitue un facteur discriminant pour le déroulement de la carrière sportive de haut niveau. D'autre part, l'analyse du régime de genre spécifique au monde de la compétition athlétique de haut niveau permet de repérer des processus de ségrégation et de distinction sociale qui pèsent différemment sur l'engagement sportif des hommes et des femmes. Enfin, des processus d'identification raciale s'appuyant sur des catégorisations relativement complexes définissent des " sous communautés " athlétiques aux frontières plus ou moins définies et perméables. Dans ce cadre, l'engagement dans la carrière s'accompagne parfois d'une logique de revendication identitaire et de retournement d'un stigmate
Against the perception witch associates the sportive success with some innate physical qualities, we analyse the social circumstances of the athletic success. We focalize our analysis on the social interactions and the socializing processes which characterize the high level athlete's social trajectories. In order to characterise those trajectories, we focalize on the successive stages of the athletic career which are qualified in the light of a vocational inculcation and a conversion to a particular project of life. To understand those social processes, we analysis the configurations which are less or more likely to assist the construction and the activation of an habitus defined as a dispositional system less or more adapted to the objective reality of the career. Breaking the myths of the sportive success we also analyse the high level athlete's social distribution according to their class, sex and race. Indeed, families participate to the transmission and the development of the sportive capital and their availability is a discriminating factor for the development of the sportive career. The analyse of the gender regime which takes place in the world of the high level athletic competition also reveals some processes of segregation and social distinction which have an influence on the sportive involvement. The world of the high level performance is also characterised by some processes of racial identification which define several communities which boundaries are less or more vague and permeable. In this, the involvement in the athletic career is sometimes coloured of some ethnical claims and a stigma reversal

Les élus locaux veulent associer les citoyens, qui veulent pouvoir être entendus et peser dans les décisions. Ces propositions résument les enjeux d'une démocratie participative, à la fois comme idéal de gouvernement et comme norme de l'action publique locale. La thèse revient sur la mise à l'épreuve de l'impératif délibératif à l'échelle municipale, depuis les années 1990. L'enquête repose sur l'analyse des conditions sociales de la production et de la réception d'offres institutionnelles de participation, dans trois communes de 20 000 habitants. Au travers d'une approche inductive et pluri-méthodologique, nous proposons une sociologie de l'engagement participatif, entre études sur la socialisation politique et sur l'action publique locale. L'attention portée aux contextes, aux acteurs et aux formats de l'offre de participation, permet d'en constater l'institutionnalisation inaboutie et les appropriations socialement situées. Nous argumentons en faveur d'une compréhension dispositionnelle et situationnelle des parcours de participation et de non-participation, pour élaborer une théorie ancrée de l'engagement participatif, entre pouvoir et vouloir. Dans ce cadre, la possibilité intermittente d'une participation réalisée ne se comprend qu'au regard d'un engagement distancié, critiqué, empêché ou évité. En toute fin, si elle est une voie d'intéressement à un intérêt local commun, l'offre de participation voit sa portée sociale et politique fondamentalement limitée par l’encastrement de la participation dans la représentation
This thesis studies political participation at local level and its implications for citizen engagement in public policy. Local elected representatives want to engage citizens in governance, citizens want to be heard and to influence policy making. Thus participatory democracy and deliberative imperative are considered as an ideal for government and a best practice in public action. This thesis focuses on "offers of participation" - opportunities for participation created by authorities for citizen - in French municipalities since 1990. I argue that these "offers" swing between thwart institutionalising and continuous experimenting. Empirical data are derived from the study of policies for implementing participatory democracy in three cities of 20 000 inhabitants. I discuss the social-historical anchorage of these political-­administrative constructions, the effects of their various design and the social conditions of their differentiate appropriations by citizens. I suggest a grounded theory of citizen engagement based on an inductive and multi-method approach. The analytical framework is based on the concepts of social dispositions and situations, in order to determine social conditions of patterns of participation and non-participation, as both faces of a similar phenomenon. The opportunity for an effective intermittent participation can only be understood in relation with a distanced, impeached, prevented or avoided participation. "Offers of participation" are a way to mobilise citizens on a common local interest. Though, their impact is narrowed by the fact that participation is imbedded in the system of political representation

Mindfulness, characterized with present-moment awareness, non-judgment, and non-reactivity, has demonstrated its potential in contemporary counseling psychology as a cultivatable coping mechanism for healing against negative emotions and symptomology. Researchers have identified health benefits for those who possess higher levels of this trait without practice. Limited research has explored the potential benefits of mindfulness in contributing to the cultivation of adaptive career decision-making. In particular, there is no study investigating the the role of mindfulness on college students' coping with career indecision stemming from emotional and personality concerns, or its influence on their occupational engagement. This study was a survey-based investigation of the relations among dispositional mindfulness, occupational engagement, and emotional career indecision in a diverse sample of college participants (N = 166). The results from analysis indicate that dispositional mindfulness is significantly related to emotional career indecision and occupational engagement, with multiple facets of mindfulness contributing a significant amount of variance in emotional career indecision. Future research and clinical implications are also discussed.

Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse ethnographique et sociologique du mode d’usage de l’agriculture « dans le social ». Deux actions communales japonaise et belge sont ainsi mises en parallèle : le Centre pour la Création de la Vie agri-rurale (Nô-Life Sôsei Center en japonais) lancé en 2004 à Toyota au Japon, qui vise à la fois la revalorisation de friches agricoles et la promotion d’activités à but d’ « Ikigai (sens de la vie) » auprès de la population locale vieillissante ; l’Entreprise de Formation par le Travail Ferme Delsamme lancée en 2002 à La Louvière en Belgique, qui vise l’insertion socioprofessionnelle des personnes en difficulté par le maraîchage biologique. À partir de l’analyse des formes d’engagement des opérateurs et des usagers dans leurs espaces d’activités concrets, cette thèse propose l’idée de régimes d’action « éthiques » qui consistent en un certain nombre de principes minimaux de réflexion et de pratique disponibles à l’usage des personnes. Cette thèse a dégagé en particulier l’importance de deux formes caractéristiques de ces régimes : la compassion (prise d’une responsabilité infinie face à la détresse d’autrui) chez les opérateurs, et l’autonomie sociale (conciliation entre l’autonomie individuelle et la dépendance relationnelle sur la base d’une reconnaissance de la vulnérabilité et de la fragilité des personnes) chez les usagers. L’activité agricole se définit là comme espace intermédiaire et concret servant de « support » entre ces deux régimes peu visibles et formulés, et difficilement objectivables et justifiables
This thesis deals with the ethnographical and sociological analyses of the modes of use of agriculture “in the social sphere”. Two Japanese and Belgian municipal actions are treated in parallel: The Centre for the Creation of Agri-rural Life (Nô-Life Sôsei Center in Japanese) launched in 2004 in Toyota City, which aims at the reinvigoration of fallow land and the promotion of the ikigai (“Life worth living”) for an aging population of permanent residents. In Belgium, the Work Training Initiative at Ferme Delsamme (Entreprise de Formation par le Travail Ferme Delsamme in French) launched in 2002 in La Louvière City, which aims at the socio-professional integration of at-risk adults through organic agriculture. Based on the analysis of forms of engagement of operators and users in their relationships of interaction and their efforts at adjustment, this thesis proposes the idea of “ethical” regimes of action that consist of a minimum number of principles for reflection and practice available to be used by actors. This thesis identified in particular the importance of two characteristic forms of these regimes: compassion (taking an infinite responsibility to address individuals in distress) amongst operators; social autonomy (the balance between individual autonomy and relational dependency based on the recognition of vulnerability and fragility) amongst users. Agricultural activity is defined here as the intermediate space supporting the combination and the performance of these regimes that are not very visible and formalized, and difficult to objectify and justify

Les conventions internationales sont devenues en trois décennies un outil majeur de l’action publique en matière d’environnement. Elles offrent la double promesse d’une action qui recueille un large accord et d’un engagement fort de responsabilité collective. Mais quelle est l’efficacité environnementale de ces engagements ? Sont-ils suivis d’effets ? La question se pose pour les conventions internationales, comme pour l’ensemble des politiques publiques, internationales, nationales ou territoriales en matière d’environnement. Pour y répondre les approches très répandues aujourd’hui qui ne voient dans la négociation que des principes de coordination, de coopération ou de marché sont insuffisantes. Des cadres normatifs d’évaluation sont incontournables dans ce contexte, ainsi que la prise en compte des dimensions de pouvoir et de stratégie. Dans cette perspective d’analyse stratégique de la gestion environnementale, il faut un travail de terrain qui mette clairement en regard d’un côté les annonces de prises de responsabilité environnementale collective et de l’autre les évolutions concrètes de l’état de l’environnement et des actes qui les causent. Dans le cas de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, vaste plaine d’inondation d’un fleuve qui traverse quatre états, nous avons analysé plusieurs dispositifs de gestion mis en place pour prendre en charge l’environnement (le Programme d’Atténuation et de Suivi des Impacts sur l’Environnement de la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal –PASIE, le Plan Directeur Rive Gauche et la planification –PDRG et la planification environnementale sénégalaise : Plan Régional d’Action pour l’Environnement –PRAE et la Stratégie Régionale de Conservation de la Biodiversité – SRCB). Il en ressort qu’ils sont très loin de permettre que soient assumées les responsabilités qui incombent, en particulier dans le cadre des conventions RAMSAR (zones humides) et Biodiversité, aux pays concernés et aux bailleurs de fonds. La thèse analyse en profondeur les causes de cet état de fait. Elle en cerne les conséquences et les replacent dans le tableau plus large des vicissitudes sur le long terme d’actions de développement dont l’efficacité et la durabilité sont très discutables
In three decades, international conventions have become a major tool for public action in the field of the environment. They offer the double promise of action that is broadly based on agreement and a strong commitment to collective responsibility. But what is the environmental effectiveness of these commitments? Are they followed by effects? The question arises for international conventions, as for all public, international, national or territorial environmental policies. In response, widespread today's approaches that see negotiation as coordination, cooperation or market principles are lacking. Normative evaluation frameworks are essential in this context, as well as the dimensions of power and strategy. In this perspective of strategic environmental management analysis, it is necessary to carry out fieldwork that clearly enlight the announcements of collective environmental responsibility in one hand and on the other, the concrete evolutions of the state of the environment the acts that cause them. In the case of the Senegal river valley, a vast floodplain of a river that crosses four states, we have analyzed several management measures put in place to take charge of the environment (the Mitigation and Monitoring Environmental Impacts Program of Senegal River Development -PASIE, Left Bank Management Plan and Planning -PDRG and Senegalese Environmental Planning: Regional Action Plan for the Environment -PRAE and the Regional Conservation Strategy Of Biodiversity - SRCB). It shows that they are far from taking care of the responsibilities to be assumed, particularly in the context of the Ramsar (wetlands) and biodiversity conventions. The thesis analyzes in depth the causes of this state of affairs. It identifies the consequences and replaces them in the broader picture of the long-term vicissitudes of development actions whose effectiveness and sustainability are highly questionable

La communication engageante effectue un pont conceptuel entre la persuasion et l’engagement. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons cherché à déterminer les processus sous jacents à l’efficacité de la communication engageante par le biais du modèle de la probabilité d’élaboration. D’après nous, l’engagement, l’implication personnelle ainsi que la confiance en ses pensées jouent un rôle crucial dans ce paradigme. Nous nous attendions à ce que 1/ l’engagement en condition d’implication forte produise un traitement périphérique de l’information 2/ l’engagement en condition d’implication faible produise un traitement central de l’information. Nos résultats montrent que le traitement de l’information peut être influencé par l’engagement et le niveau d’implication. En condition d’implication forte l’engagement inhibe le traitement de l’information là où il le favorise lorsque l’implication est faible. Ces résultats, reproduits lors de quatre expériences, sont obtenus sur l’attitude, l’intention comportementale, ainsi que sur la valence des réponses cognitives. Notre dernière expérience reproduit le même pattern de résultats sur l’attitude implicite. L’engagement produit une hausse de l’implication et de la confiance en ses pensées lorsque l’implication est faible
Binding communication makes a conceptual bridge between persuasion and commitment. As part of this thesis, we sought to determine the processes underlying the effectiveness of binding communication through the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In our opinion, commitment, personal involvement and thoughts confidence play a critical role in this paradigm. We expected that 1 / commitment in high involvment condition would produce peripheral information processing 2 / commitment in low involvment condition produces a central processing of information. Our results show that information processing can be influenced by commitment and level of involvement. In strong involvment condition, commitment inhibits information processing wherever it favors it when implication is low. These results, reproduced in four experiments, are obtained on attitude, behavioral intention, as well as on the valence of cognitive responses. Our last experiment reproduces the same pattern of results on implicit attitude. Commitment produces increased involvement and improve confidence in one's thoughts when involvement is weak

Most employers agree that the effectiveness and success of their organisations depend on the effective utilisation of their human resources. Ill health in the workplace is a threat to optimal productivity, reduced absenteeism, provision of sustainable employee benefits, a motivated workforce, staff retention and maximisation of profits. Burnout and engagement are therefore important fields of investigation in the industrial psychology field. The aim of this study was to: test a model of work-related well-being; develop and evaluate a resilience intervention programme for a large financial services institution in South Africa. Article 1 used a cross-sectional survey design. The participants were predominantly in the administrative, call centre and IT divisions (N = 192). Article 2 was the development of a resilience model, which was based on the integration of thinking from an extensive literature review by the researcher. Article 3 used an experimental design, with a control group (n=51) and an experimental group («=55). Information was collected in a longitudinal research. The research method for each of the three articles of this study consisted of a brief literature review and an empirical study. The measuring instruments used in this study were the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Job Demands-Resources Scale (JD-RS), Health subscales, Organisational Commitment subscales, the ASSET questionnaire, the Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R) and a biographical questionnaire. In both article 1 and article 3, descriptive statistics were computed to describe the data; as were Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients to specify the relationship between the variables. In article 1, multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predicted by the independent variables. In article 3, paired-samples f-tests were used to determine the difference in results for year 1 and year 2. Article 1 showed the central role that low optimism plays in contributing to burnout, and high optimism plays in work engagement. Interestingly, high social support was linked to increased cynicism, whilst low social support contributed to dedication. Burnout contributed to both physical and psychological ill health. Dedication and low cynicism contributed to affective commitment, whilst engagement and low cynicism contributed to behavioural commitment. Article 2 was the development of a multidimensional, proactive coping approach which consistently strives to develop and enhance the individual's resilience coping reservoir pools (mental, spiritual, socio-emotional and physical) leading to improved resilience, wellness and quality of life. Each reservoir pool has activities that enhance the fitness of the individual, namely physical (rest and relaxation, exercise and nutrition), mental (stimuli, reflection and empowering thinking), spiritual (coat of arms, pay it forward and gratitude), socio-emotional (breaking destructive relationships and nurturing relationships, responsibility). Article 3's results showed that the resilience intervention resulted in a statistically significant difference decrease in psychological ill health. Recommendations for future research were made.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Bronfenbrenner.s Bioecological Model, expressed as the developmental equation, D f PPCT, is the theoretical framework for two studies that bring together diverse strands of psychology to study the work-life interface of working adults. Occupational and organizational psychology is focused on the demands and resources of work and family, without emphasising the individual in detail. Health and personality psychology examine the individual but without emphasis on the individual.s work and family roles. The current research used Bronfenbrenner.s theoretical framework to combine individual differences, work and family to understand how these factors influence the working adult.s psychological functioning. Competent development has been defined as high well-being (measured as life satisfaction and psychological well-being) and high work engagement (as work vigour, work dedication and absorption in work) and as the absence of mental illness (as depression, anxiety and stress) and the absence of burnout (as emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy). Study 1 and 2 were linked, with Study 1 as a cross-sectional survey and Study 2, a prospective panel study that followed on from the data used in Study1. Participants were recruited from a university and from a large public hospital to take part in a 3-wave, online study where they completed identical surveys at 3-4 month intervals (N = 470 at Time 1 and N = 198 at Time 3). In Study 1, hierarchical multiple regressions were used to assess the effects of individual differences (Block 1, e.g. dispositional optimism, coping self-efficacy, perceived control of time, humour), work and family variables (Block 2, e.g. affective commitment, skill discretion, work hours, children, marital status, family demands) and the work-life interface (Block 3, e.g. direction and quality of spillover between roles, work-life balance) on the outcomes. There were a mosaic of predictors of the outcomes with a group of seven that were the most frequent significant predictors and which represented the individual (dispositional optimism and coping self-efficacy), the workplace (skill discretion, affective commitment and job autonomy) and the work-life interface (negative work-to-family spillover and negative family-to-work spillover). Interestingly, gender and working hours were not important predictors. The effects of job social support, generally and for work-life issues, perceived control of time and egalitarian gender roles on the outcomes were mediated by negative work-to-family spillover, particularly for emotional exhaustion. Further, the effect of negative spillover on depression, anxiety and work engagement was moderated by the individual.s personal and workplace resources. Study 2 modelled the longitudinal relationships between the group of the seven most frequent predictors and the outcomes. Using a set of non-nested models, the relative influences of concurrent functioning, stability and change over time were assessed. The modelling began with models at Time 1, which formed the basis for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to establish the underlying relationships between the variables and calculate the composite variables for the longitudinal models. The CFAs were well fitting with few modifications to ensure good fit. However, using burnout and work engagement together required additional analyses to resolve poor fit, with one factor (representing a continuum from burnout to work engagement) being the only acceptable solution. Five different longitudinal models were investigated as the Well-Being, Mental Distress, Well-Being-Mental Health, Work Engagement and Integrated models using differing combinations of the outcomes. The best fitting model for each was a reciprocal model that was trimmed of trivial paths. The strongest paths were the synchronous correlations and the paths within variables over time. The reciprocal paths were more variable with weak to mild effects. There was evidence of gain and loss spirals between the variables over time, with a slight net gain in resources that may provide the mechanism for the accumulation of psychological advantage over a lifetime. The longitudinal models also showed that there are leverage points at which personal, psychological and managerial interventions can be targeted to bolster the individual and provide supportive workplace conditions that also minimise negative spillover. Bronfenbrenner.s developmental equation has been a useful framework for the current research, showing the importance of the person as central to the individual.s experience of the work-life interface. By taking control of their own life, the individual can craft a life path that is most suited to their own needs. Competent developmental outcomes were most likely where the person was optimistic and had high self-efficacy, worked in a job that they were attached to and which allowed them to use their talents and without too much negative spillover between their work and family domains. In this way, individuals had greater well-being, better mental health and greater work engagement at any one time and across time.

La thèse s'intéresse aux interventions chorégraphiques performatives et événementielles impulsées par diverses structures, ou générées par des activités auto-organisées dans l'espace public. L'objectif est d'identifier en quoi les nouveaux usages qui se développent depuis les années quatre vingt en France, participent de la transformation progressive des espaces des usages. En effet, l'apparition de formes de sociabilités inhabituelles impulsées par une ouverture spatiale des dispositifs va progressivement enrichir leur dynamique intrinsèque, et participer à les qualifier d'" espaces intermédiaires ". Par là-même, l'étude montre comment l'imbrication de différents mondes sociaux pluralise les engagements des acteurs, et complexifie les processus de reconnaissance identitaire dans le monde de la danse. De nouveaux usages sociaux, économiques et corporels apparaissent alors à l'interface des espaces plus légitimes. Or, l'analyse des carrières envisagées à partir des différentes formes de socialisation conduit aussi à distinguer plusieurs types d'acteurs collectifs présentant des conceptions différenciées de la territorialité. C'est ainsi que les compétences développées par certains danseurs, chorégraphes et intermédiaires culturels œuvrant dans l'in situ, résultent plus que les autres d'une véritable capitalisation des expériences spatiales dynamisées par l'encastrement entre différents mondes sociaux. Ces acteurs vont alors participer à brouiller les frontières du marché du travail de la danse, puisque leurs compétences vont réfléchir sur leur socialisation professionnelle et sur leurs engagements sur les différents réseaux sociaux du monde de la danse
This dissertation focuses on event-driven and performance, choreographic interventions; such interventions could either be created by cultural institutions or rise from self-organized activities occurring in public space. The main purpose of this work is to identify new spatial practices which have developed since the 80s in France, and how they are part of a gradual change in the broad spectrum of practices. Indeed, as art arrangements grew to become more and more spatially opened, new and unusual sociability forms appeared. These new forms fuelled the intrinsic dynamic of these new arrangements, leading them to be labelled as " in-between spaces ". It is thus revealed how actors' engagements are pluralized through the overlapping of different social worlds. These crossings between worlds add a great complexity to identity recognition processes in the dance world. New social, economic and corporeal practices appear at the interface of more legitimate spaces. However, by analyzing the careers from the different forms of socialization also leads to distinguishing between several types of collective actors which develop differentiated conceptions of territoriality. In this way, the competencies developed by certain dancers, choreographers and cultural intermediaries working in situ, are more (than others) the result of a real capitalization of spatial experiences which are invigorated by the embedment of different social worlds. These actors will then blur the limits of the dance job market, because their competencies will reflect professional socialisation and their engagements in different social networks in the world of dance

Cette thèse porte sur le travail de l'encadrement de proximité au sein d'une grande entreprise industrielle, EDF, passée d'un statut de monopole public à celui de société anonyme opérant sur un marché concurrentiel. Le processus de " modernisation " dans lequel l'entreprise est engagée depuis les années 1990 conduit à des transformations de l'organisation du travail, dans lesquelles l'encadrement de proximité (agents de maîtrise et cadres encadrant des agents d'exécution) occupe une position délicate. Il lui revient à la fois de " conduire le changement " sans disposer de beaucoup d'autonomie, et de favoriser l'engagement au travail des salariés, tout en se protégeant (et en protégeant l'employeur, qui lui délègue son autorité) des mises en cause qui tiennent à la " souffrance au travail " et aux " risques psychosociaux ", c'est-à-dire aux atteintes potentielles à la santé psychique des agents. Placés dans une position intermédiaire du fait de leur échelon hiérarchique, les encadrants de proximité opèrent des arrangements quotidiens entre la prescription et le travail réel, en jouant de la faible distance qui les sépare de leur équipe et en s'appuyant sur les relations interpersonnelles qu'ils entretiennent avec elle. L'enquête porte sur cette forme particulière du travail d'organisation, le travail d'encadrement, à partir de l'analyse d'une centaine d'entretiens dans la plupart des grandes directions fonctionnelles de l'entreprise (en France métropolitaine), de quatre ans d'observation participante au sein de la Direction des ressources humaines, et de l'exploitation d'archives internes (documents de politiques d'entreprise, procès-verbaux de CHSCT, archives de formateurs). Elle pose la question du rôle des encadrants de proximité dans le renouvellement de l'organisation du travail : marginalisés par des dispositifs gestionnaires de contrôle et relégués dans la seule animation d'un collectif humain, ces encadrants dont leurs supérieurs hiérarchiques voudraient pourtant faire de véritables " managers " affrontent une série de contradictions qu'ils résolvent quotidiennement à leur niveau, ce qui permet de les qualifier de managers en dernier ressort.

Cette recherche a permis de confirmer deux hypothèses de la communication sociale selon lesquelles la communication de persuasion fait évoluer les idées et la communication engageante fait changer les comportements. Appliquée à la problématique de la mendicité des enfants Talibés au Sénégal, cette thèse nous a amené à revisiter les origines d’une ''bonne'' tradition sociale bien ancrée qui connait, aujourd’hui, une déviation économique et péjorative. Pour lutter contre la maltraitance de ces enfants, l’ONG Symbiose développe une communication persuasive qui n’a pas donné les résultats de changement de comportement escomptés chez les partenaires. Á l’intention de ce public, nous avons conduit une expérience de communication engageante avec le principe de l’acte préparatoire retenu comme soubassement technique du protocole. 2 actes préparatoires même qui sont aussi formulés l’intention d’une partie des sujets expérimentaux, pour mieux s’attaquer à une cause sociale devenue problématique, et donc plus difficile à modifier.À terme, le double acte préparatoire a révélé sa perspicacité : à souscrire le public, à les engager et à modifier leurs conduites. Des facultés d’entrainement plus intenses observés pour 2 actes préparatoires qui convergent avec le cadre théorique de notre étude et confirme que : le nombre d’actes préparatoires soutient le changement comportemental. Mieux, pour avoir eu à augmenter ses engagements initiaux, une partie du public a fait montre de changements instituants, qui à l’analyse, sont beaucoup plus (re)liés au principe de l’identification de l’action
This research permitted us to confirm two hypotheses of action communication and societal or state approved ones for which persuasive communication makes ideas move forwards and committed communication change behaviours. Applied to the problem of Talibes children’s mendicity in Senegal, this thesis, made us revisit that good tradition deeply rooted but which nowadays is used5 for pejorative and economic deviations. To3 fight against children Talibes illtreatement, NGO Symbiose has developed a persuasice communication without behavioural change excpected on the parteners. Among these parteners we have taken in this study as subjects of committed communication’s experience which is conceived for this fact. In virtue of the promise that this form of communication has the power to bring its receptors to a change of acts. Above all if the principle of the preparatory act is taken as the technical basis of the protocol. 2 preparatory acts which are even formulated also to the intension of one of the experimental subject to better a social problem which has become a real problematic cause and then more difficult to modify. Finally, the double preparatory act, has reveled perspicacity: subscribing the public under its control bringing them to modify their behaviorus. Capacities of attracting publics more intense for two preparatory acts that link with the theoretical setting of our study and confirm that: the more we multiply the preparatory acts the more we succeed the behavioural change. Better the fact of identifying that what we are doing is positive help one part of the public increasing their initial commitment. That is the principle of action of identification

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Enrolments at the postgraduate coursework (PGCW) level are expanding both in terms of number and diversity, with Masters programs attracting increasing numbers of students from a widening range of backgrounds. Despite this, however, the individual differences literature largely fails to address learning at this educational level, or the issue of potential cultural variation. This study therefore profiled the epistemic, metacognitive and affective attributes of PGCW students at Australian universities, to profile the cohort’s disposition towards learning. An online survey measured attributes chosen to represent three dispositional domains: epistemic, metacognitive and affective. Results showed the PGCW cohort to be elite overall, but significant variation existed between both individuals and groups. Cluster analysis revealed three groups of participants that differed dispositionally, demographically and in terms of academic achievement. The dispositional profiles of the three clusters showed a clear two-part pattern of agentic and epistemic attributes. This was replicated in factor analysis, which identified two dispositional factors: agentic engagement and epistemic engagement. Of these, epistemic engagement best predicted achievement, with agentic engagement a necessary but insufficient condition for academic success. Cross-cultural comparison found that international students tended to hold less adaptive dispositional profiles, and achieved lower grades. This suggests that learners’ dispositions develop adaptively within a specific cultural context, and may not translate effectively to new contexts. This is the first study to describe the dispositional profile of a PGCW population, and the first to propose the two underlying dispositional dimensions of agentic and epistemic engagement. Although dispositional profiles varied significantly between learners from different cultural backgrounds, the two dimensions were cross-culturally consistent, supporting the idea of a culturally universal model of dispositional learning. The greater importance of epistemic engagement in this model suggests that epistemic attributes underpin successful metacognition at this level. Effective teaching should therefore address epistemic expectations explicitly, and this is particularly important for students from different cultural contexts.

Actor engagement has received significant scholarly and practitioner attention in recent years due to its anticipated outcomes and relevance for organisational success. Yet, despite significant interest in the concept, several theoretical gaps remain. Particularly, the literature has largely overlooked actor engagement with focal objects beyond the brand. Similarly, extant discourse lacks a comprehensive understanding of how actors engage differently. Thus, to better understand the nuances and intricacies of actor engagement beyond the existing focus of brands, and to discover how actors engage differently, this thesis centres on actor engagement with a service provider and delves into actor dispositions to engage. The service provider was chosen as a focal object due to their critical role in service organisations and the paucity of research specifically focused on service providers in an engagement context. The importance of service providers is well recognised, given that the success of service organisations largely depends upon their performance. Yet, engagement scholars have given scant attention to these crucial focal objects in the examination of the engagement concept. To address these knowledge gaps, this research presents three distinct but interrelated papers. The first paper examines actor engagement with service providers within a service system and extends the focus of engagement to multiple engagement foci. Specifically, the paper investigates how the individual dimensions of engagement with a service provider and brand combine to lead to engagement with the broader context. In brief, this paper contributes to an increased understanding of the integrated nature of engagement with a range of focal objects across different levels within a service system. The results suggest that engagement with the service provider facilitates engagement with other focal objects, which further validates the importance of examining actor engagement with service providers across the subsequent two papers. Paper two explores the factors that constitute an actor’s disposition to engage and responds to calls by numerous scholars to shed light on the nature of engagement dispositions. The findings of a series of in-depth interviews reveal three dimensions of engagement dispositions, namely individual actor traits, context-related actor characteristics, and focal object-related actor characteristics, with each dimension consisting of a unique make up of attributes. In total, 14 attributes were identified as constituents of an actor’s disposition to engage with a service provider. This paper contributes to the engagement literature by being the first to empirically consider what constitutes an actor’s disposition to engage and provides a conceptual framework that depicts the impact of engagement dispositions on actor engagement activities. Building on these insights, the third paper employs a survey methodology to empirically examine the impact of engagement dispositions on actor engagement activities. Specifically, it investigates the direct effects of individual attributes on affective, behavioural and cognitive engagement with the service provider. The findings illustrate that the dimensions of engagement dispositions and their constituent attributes have varied impacts on the dimensions of engagement. In particular, actor characteristics related to the focal object and context emerged as relevant for engagement activity, whereas no significant associations between individual actor traits and engagement activity were found. This provides insights into how each actor engages in a unique way. In summary, this research offers unique and meaningful theoretical and practical implications by emphasising the importance of the service provider as a focal object of engagement, providing a framework to consider an actor’s engagement disposition, as well as an understanding of the impact of engagement dispositions on specific engagement activities.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Business School, 2019

The primary objective of this research was to determine if a specific set of reflective practices enhance university undergraduate students’ abilities to: 1) reflect on their thinking processes to become more aware of their own intellectual habits and how they form; 2) inquire with open-minded curiosity, including suspension of assumptions long enough for them to be challenged; and 3) generate justifiable, contextual understandings and judgments, individually and in collaboration. “Reflective practices” refers to a specific set of reflective learning activities introduced to undergraduates in two courses: mindfulness practice extended into journal writing, listening, inquiry and dialogue. The purpose of the reflective practices in this research was to support independent, critical thinking: well-reasoned, evaluative judgments based on evidence, contextual understanding, and respect for others. Students were instructed in both individual, introspective activity as well as in paired and group interaction while preserving a degree of mindfulness. Indicators of the dispositions for critical thinking were developed using grounded theory methods to study students’ experiences, as well as those dispositions previously identified in the research literature. Qualitative results showed increased self-confidence, engagement with multiple points of view, and an unexpected sense of connectedness that was stronger between students who disagreed with each other than between students who found easy agreement in their interaction. Quantitative results showed statistically significant gains in the average number of indicators of critical thinking dispositions appearing in student journals comparing week 1 to week 11. There was also positive correlation between final essay exam scores graded for critical thinking skills and the total number of indicators found in students’ journals.
This thesis presents primary research on the impacts of mindfulness applied to introspective and interactive learning activities in undergraduate university courses.

Cette recherche a permis de confirmer deux hypothèses de la communication sociale selon lesquelles la communication de persuasion fait évoluer les idées et la communication engageante fait changer les comportements. Appliquée à la problématique de la mendicité des enfants Talibés au Sénégal, cette thèse nous a amené à revisiter les origines d’une ''bonne'' tradition sociale bien ancrée qui connait, aujourd’hui, une déviation économique et péjorative. Pour lutter contre la maltraitance de ces enfants, l’ONG Symbiose développe une communication persuasive qui n’a pas donné les résultats de changement de comportement escomptés chez les partenaires. Á l’intention de ce public, nous avons conduit une expérience de communication engageante avec le principe de l’acte préparatoire retenu comme soubassement technique du protocole. 2 actes préparatoires même qui sont aussi formulés l’intention d’une partie des sujets expérimentaux, pour mieux s’attaquer à une cause sociale devenue problématique, et donc plus difficile à modifier.À terme, le double acte préparatoire a révélé sa perspicacité : à souscrire le public, à les engager et à modifier leurs conduites. Des facultés d’entrainement plus intenses observés pour 2 actes préparatoires qui convergent avec le cadre théorique de notre étude et confirme que : le nombre d’actes préparatoires soutient le changement comportemental. Mieux, pour avoir eu à augmenter ses engagements initiaux, une partie du public a fait montre de changements instituants, qui à l’analyse, sont beaucoup plus (re)liés au principe de l’identification de l’action
This research permitted us to confirm two hypotheses of action communication and societal or state approved ones for which persuasive communication makes ideas move forwards and committed communication change behaviours. Applied to the problem of Talibes children’s mendicity in Senegal, this thesis, made us revisit that good tradition deeply rooted but which nowadays is used5 for pejorative and economic deviations. To3 fight against children Talibes illtreatement, NGO Symbiose has developed a persuasice communication without behavioural change excpected on the parteners. Among these parteners we have taken in this study as subjects of committed communication’s experience which is conceived for this fact. In virtue of the promise that this form of communication has the power to bring its receptors to a change of acts. Above all if the principle of the preparatory act is taken as the technical basis of the protocol. 2 preparatory acts which are even formulated also to the intension of one of the experimental subject to better a social problem which has become a real problematic cause and then more difficult to modify. Finally, the double preparatory act, has reveled perspicacity: subscribing the public under its control bringing them to modify their behaviorus. Capacities of attracting publics more intense for two preparatory acts that link with the theoretical setting of our study and confirm that: the more we multiply the preparatory acts the more we succeed the behavioural change. Better the fact of identifying that what we are doing is positive help one part of the public increasing their initial commitment. That is the principle of action of identification