Статті в журналах: "Energy efficiency level"

1

Tonn, Bruce, and Jean H. Peretz. "State-level benefits of energy efficiency." Energy Policy 35, no. 7 (July 2007): 3665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.01.009.

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2

Wysokiński, Marcin, Joanna Domagała, Arkadiusz Gromada, Magdalena Golonko, and Paulina Trębska. "Economic and energy efficiency of agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 8 (August 24, 2020): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/170/2020-agricecon.

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Article concerns economic and energy efficiency of agriculture in European Union countries. The study period concerned 2016. For analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular and graphic methods and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method – CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) model focused on input-oriented minimisation were used. An assessment of the socio-economic development of the EU countries was made using the following measures: Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (USD per inhabitant). Modern agriculture depends on industrial energy sources and as the socio-economic development changes into more and more energy-intensive production technologies. After presenting the introduction and review of the literature, the economic and energy efficiency of agriculture in the EU countries in 2016 was examined, which was at a high level – the DEA reached 0.67. Then, the correlation between the socio-economic development of countries and their economic and energy efficiency was analysed. It was also found that along with socio-economic development in the EU countries, the economic and energy efficiency of agriculture is increasing.

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3

Dörr, Marcus, Sylvia Wahren, and Thomas Bauernhansl. "Methodology for Energy Efficiency on Process Level." Procedia CIRP 7 (2013): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.06.048.

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4

Viholainen, Juha, Mika Luoranen, Sanni Väisänen, Antti Niskanen, Mika Horttanainen, and Risto Soukka. "Regional level approach for increasing energy efficiency." Applied Energy 163 (February 2016): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.101.

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5

Yakovleva, O. Y., M. G. Khmelniuk, and O. V. Ostapenko. "Energy efficiency projects." Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 54, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v54i2.1099.

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Answers to the question ‘what should we do to improve energy efficiency?’ will have to advance beyond the notion of simply ‘saving energy’ to an enhanced paradigm of policy options as cross-sectoral issue. In this paper we propose to improve rate of successfully performed energy efficiency project. In order to reach target, we need to study and summarize the best practices of improving the energy efficiency level within the economy for developing recommendations, to create risk model for modifying energy policy approaches and working processes with an abstraction level increase for the successful energy efficiency projects realization. Two issues have been addressed in this paper. The links between sustainable development concept analysis and “Green Economy” are defined. The key factors for the sustainable development of energy policy intended for the development of successful energy efficient projects while improving energy efficiency and environmental safety are identified.

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6

Yu, Sha, Qing Tan, Meredydd Evans, Page Kyle, Linh Vu, and Pralit L. Patel. "Improving building energy efficiency in India: State-level analysis of building energy efficiency policies." Energy Policy 110 (November 2017): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.013.

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7

Paulussen, R. M., G. F. Ten Harve, T. Ploeg, and A. Zoeteman. "Increasing railway energy efficiency: A three-level method." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration 1, no. 3 (January 15, 2017): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/tdi-v1-n3-491-500.

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8

Wang, Junhai, Jianbing Yin, Lin Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Yingfei Gong, and Qingkun Tan. "Analysis of Energy Efficiency Level of Typical Countries." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1838, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1838/1/012053.

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9

Drosos, Dimitrios, Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, Stamatios Ntanos, and Androniki Parissi. "School Managers Perceptions towards Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.36704.

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Global economic growth is accompanied by increased energy demand, thus conventional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, which are the primary energy sources, are gradually being depleted. At the same time, the combustion of conventional fuel for energy production causes serious adverse effects on the environment and contributes to climate change due to the emitted greenhouse gases. For the above reasons, most of the developed and developing countries especially during the last decades, have introduced various incentives for the greater penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in all sectors of the economy. Concerning the building sector, several measures have been adopted, including the promotion of energy efficiency and energy saving. A significant proportion of the building stock are the school buildings where students and teachers spend a significant proportion of their daily time. Teachers' attitudes and views, especially the school unit managers concerning the use of RES in schools, are important in the effort to rationalize and control energy use. This study was conducted through a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 510 school managers in Greece's primary and secondary education. The school unit managerial role for the case of Greek schools is performed by the school principal who has both administrative and educational duties. Statistical analysis included the application of Friedman's test and hypothesis test on questions concerning school manager environmental perceptions and energy-saving habits. According to the results, Greek school managers have a high degree of environmental sensitivity, since 97.6 % agreed or strongly agreed that the main concern should focus on energy saving. Furthermore, 71% of the respondent reported to have good knowledge on solar energy, followed by 64% on wind energy while only 34% are knowledgeable on biomass. Almost all the respondents (99%) agreed that it is important to provide more RES-orientated education through the taught curricula. Concerning energy saving behaviour, around 90% reported that they switch off the lights when leaving the classroom and they close the windows when the air-condition is operating. Hypothesis tests revealed a relationship between the school managers' ecological beliefs, the energy saving habits in the school environment, and the recognition of the importance of environmental education. Conclusions highlighted the need to intensify environmental education programs in the school environment concerning RES in schools. This will lead to a higher level of environmental awareness of both teachers and students and therefore to a more dynamic behaviour towards the effort to “greenify” the school environment.

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10

Zhou, Yuwei, Bruno Froppier, and Tchanguiz Razban. "Radiofrequency ambient level energy harvesting." Wireless Power Transfer 2, no. 2 (September 2015): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2015.8.

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This paper presents a study of Schottky diode rectenna (rectifying antenna) for radiofrequency (RF) energy-harvesting systems. These rectennas are suitable for wireless sensors with the rechargeable battery technology especially at low-power densities. A rectifying circuit is proposed with single high responsivity Schottky diode for RF–DC conversion. A matching circuit is optimized to improve not only the power transfer between the antenna and the diode, but also to reject harmonic signals. The radiating part is a monopole antenna, with a large bandwidth in the frequency domain and an omni-directional radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane. We show that antenna frequency response takes part in the improvement of the efficiency. The rectifier is integrated with the antenna on a printed circuit board, leading to 30% of size reduction with the same performance. The aim is to reach the highest efficiency with a single tone signal and a compact rectenna. This rectenna was simulated using both Agilent ADS and Ansoft HFSS software. An output DC voltage of 210 mV was measured inside an anechoic chamber which received a single tone signal of 2 µW/cm2power density. The highest efficiency of 34% was obtained at a power density of 1.3 µW/cm2.

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11

Oborkhale, L. I., C. C. Nwaogu, and O. A. Amadi. "Achieving energy efficiency for 5G at base stations level." Scientia Africana 20, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v20i3.1.

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As the era of 5th Generation (5G) networks is dawning, several pertinent issues associated with the improvements that have to be achieved in future communications are attracting increasing research attention. This work, considered achieving energy efficiency for 5G at base stations level. Energy efficiency simply means using less energy to perform the same task thereby, eliminating energy waste. The objective of this paper is to examine the ways of deploying energy efficient hardware at the base stations in order to make the base stations more green energy based. Considering the current energy concerns, base stations in emerging wireless networks range from low-energy BSS to high-energy BSS with entirely different constraints in either case. In view of these extremes, this paper examines the major components behind energy-efficient wireless communication network design during the peak and off-peak traffic periods. It was discovered that the Power amplifier consumes up to 59% of the energy at the base stations. Improving a Power amplifier by bringing linearity could improve the efficiency of the BS and hence reduce the energy crunch at the BS level from 59% to 51%.

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12

Bhardwaj, Kanupriya, and Eshita Gupta. "Analyzing the “energy-efficiency gap”." Indian Growth and Development Review 10, no. 2 (November 13, 2017): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-04-2017-0028.

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Purpose The key purpose of this paper is to quantify the size of the energy-efficiency gap (EEG) for air conditioners at the household level in Delhi. Most of the studies in the EEG tradition broadly define EEG as the difference between the actual and optimal level of energy efficiency. The optimal level of energy efficiency is defined at the societal level (that weigh social costs against social benefits) and the private level (that weigh private costs against private benefits). Design/methodology/approach The authors base the empirical results in this study on the basis of the primary data collected through in-person interviews of the high-income urban households in Delhi in 2014-2015. The sample of 101 households was collected through purposive random sampling. The survey data include information on type and number of AC possessed, hours of operations, socioeconomic characteristics and awareness and habits of households. Findings Using primary data of 101 high-income urban household, the paper finds that average EEG is about 10 per cent of total electricity demand of ACs at the household level. The maximum current saving potential measured as a difference between hypothetical energy consumption, if everyone adopts five star ACs, and actual energy consumption is estimated about 14 per cent of the total electricity demand of ACs. Results from the ordinary least squares regressions demonstrate that individual’s habits, attitude, awareness of energy-efficiency measures and perceptions significantly determine the size of the EEG. Among other things, authors’ empirical analysis shows that information can play a central role in guiding investment in energy-efficient technologies. From the analysis of improving access to understandable information about cost savings, payback period and emission reduction, it is found that full information leads to the significant reduction in the size of the expected private energy-efficiency gap from 10 to 2.98 per cent at the household level. Research limitations/implications This paper tests the significance of non-economic and non-social factors in determining the size of the EEG. Apart from socioeconomic factors such as income, occupation and education, individual’s energy-conserving habits and attitudes, awareness of energy-efficiency measures and perceptions are other important factors found to have a significant negative impact on the size of the EEG. This is particularly important for the designing of information programs by policymakers for promoting energy-efficiency choices in view of the change that is required in the behavior and attitudes of the households. Originality/value In this study, authors try to estimate the size of the EEG of ACs for the high-income urban households in Delhi. The private energy-efficiency gap estimated at 10 per cent of the household demand for ACs indicates existing saving opportunity for the private households. It is found that provision of comprehensive information about cost savings, payback period and emission reduction reduces the size of the EEG significantly from 10 to 2.72 per cent at the private level. This highlights the existence of limited and incomplete information in the market about the possible costs and benefits of energy-efficiency investments. This paper tests the significance of non-economic and non-social factors in determining the size of the energy-efficiency gap. Apart from socioeconomic factors such as income, occupation and education, individual’s energy-conserving habits and attitudes, awareness of energy-efficiency measures and perceptions are other important factors found to have a significant negative impact on the size of the EEG. This is particularly important for the designing of information programs by policymakers for promoting energy-efficiency choices in view of the change that is required in the behavior and attitudes of the households.

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13

Roy, Jayjit, and Mahmut Yasar. "Energy efficiency and exporting: Evidence from firm-level data." Energy Economics 52 (December 2015): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.09.013.

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14

Zhang, Ning, and Mengling Zhou. "The inequality of city-level energy efficiency for China." Journal of Environmental Management 255 (February 2020): 109843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109843.

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15

Poggi, Francesca, Ana Firmino, and Miguel Amado. "Assessing energy performances: A step toward energy efficiency at the municipal level." Sustainable Cities and Society 33 (August 2017): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.05.014.

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16

Gvozdenac-Urosevic, Branka. "Energy efficiency and GDP." Thermal Science 14, no. 3 (2010): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100505006g.

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Improving energy efficiency can be powerful tool for achieving sustainable economic development and most important for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution on national level. Unfortunately, energy efficiency is difficult to conceptualize and there is no single commonly accepted definition. Because of that, measurement of achieved energy efficiency and its impact on national or regional economy is very complicated. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is often used to assess financial effects of applied energy efficiency measures at the national and regional levels. The growth in energy consumption per capita leads to a similar growth in GDP, but it is desirable to provide for the fall of these values. The paper analyzes some standard indicators and the analysis has been applied to a very large sample ensuring reliability for conclusion purposes. National parameters for 128 countries in the world in 2007 were analyzed. In addition to that, parameters were analyzed in the last years for global regions and Serbia.

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17

Rexhäuser, Sascha, and Andreas Löschel. "Invention in energy technologies: Comparing energy efficiency and renewable energy inventions at the firm level." Energy Policy 83 (August 2015): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.02.003.

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18

Onyshchenko, Svitlana, Alina Hlushko, and Oleksandra Maslii. "National economy energy efficiency conceptual principles." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 3(74) (September 27, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2019.3(74).1755.

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The article addresses the problem of increasing the national economy energy efficiency level. Analysis of the regulatory framework for the implementation of state policy towards ensuring energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy is carried out. A dynamic analysis of a number of indicators for the state economic development in the context of determining the state and potential of energy efficiency of the national economy is characterized. A low degree of practical implementation of state measures on energy conservation and energy efficiency is noted. The main factors of restraining the national economy energy efficiency development are identified and a number of measures to increase its level are suggested.

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19

Shih, Cheng-Hao, William Latham, and Andrea Sarzynski. "A collaborative framework for U.S. state-level energy efficiency and renewable energy governance." Electricity Journal 29, no. 9 (November 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2016.10.013.

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20

Grueneich, Dian M. "The Next Level of Energy Efficiency: The Five Challenges Ahead." Electricity Journal 28, no. 7 (August 2015): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2015.07.001.

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21

Galinina, Olga, Alexander Pyattaev, Kerstin Johnsson, Andrey Turlikov, Sergey Andreev, and Yevgeni Koucheryavy. "Assessing System-Level Energy Efficiency of mmWave-Based Wearable Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 34, no. 4 (April 2016): 923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2544539.

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22

Voothaluru, R., and C. Richard Liu. "Determination of lattice level energy efficiency for fatigue crack initiation." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 36, no. 7 (March 14, 2013): 670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12034.

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23

Pillement, Sébastien, Olivier Sentieys, and Raphaël David. "DART: A Functional-Level Reconfigurable Architecture for High Energy Efficiency." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2008 (2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/562326.

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24

Bor, Yunchang Jeffrey. "Consistent multi-level energy efficiency indicators and their policy implications." Energy Economics 30, no. 5 (September 2008): 2401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2007.11.005.

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25

García-Quevedo, Jose, and Elisenda Jové-Llopis. "Environmental policies and energy efficiency investments. An industry-level analysis." Energy Policy 156 (September 2021): 112461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112461.

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26

Hajizade, Elshan. "ENERGY SECURİTY AND ENERGY EFFİCİENCY İMPROVEMENT PRİORİTİES." Proceeding of Energy Economic Research Center 01, no. 01 (January 10, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/eneco0101202004.

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In paper investigates issues dealing with some aspects of enhancing energy security and increasing energy efficiency. An extensive research related the role of energy in economic life and people’s business activity, as well as, its modern market system being formed as a global commodity was carried out. After analytic generalization, new interpretation of “Energy security” concept was presented. It was clarified once more that, in contemporary world, energy security is measured not only by the quantity of energy consumption supply, but also by its quality values and standards. Given the fact that in the Azerbaijan Republic, as in a sustainable social country, energy security is not separated from energy efficiency and is considered as an important indicator in the supply of fuel-energy resources for increasing the national development level of the economy, the paper intends to investigate these features. It also studies preparation of national energy security strategy and criteria, activities, and objectives that define its conditions being justified by analysis for providing sustainability of these activities.

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27

Lima, Nilsa Duarte da Silva, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, and Raquel Baracat Tosi Rodrigues da Silva. "Classifying the Level of Energy-Environmental Efficiency Rating of Brazilian Ethanol." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082067.

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The present study aimed to assess and classify energy-environmental efficiency levels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the production, commercialization, and use of biofuels certified by the Brazilian National Biofuel Policy (RenovaBio). The parameters of the level of energy-environmental efficiency were standardized and categorized according to the Energy-Environmental Efficiency Rating (E-EER). The rating scale varied between lower efficiency (D) and high efficiency + (highest efficiency A+). The classification method with the J48 decision tree and naive Bayes algorithms was used to predict the models. The classification of the E-EER scores using a decision tree using the J48 algorithm and Bayesian classifiers using the naive Bayes algorithm produced decision tree models efficient at estimating the efficiency level of Brazilian ethanol producers and importers certified by the RenovaBio. The rules generated by the models can assess the level classes (efficiency scores) according to the scale discretized into high efficiency (Classification A), average efficiency (Classification B), and standard efficiency (Classification C). These results might generate an ethanol energy-environmental efficiency label for the end consumers and resellers of the product, to assist in making a purchase decision concerning its performance. The best classification model was naive Bayes, compared to the J48 decision tree. The classification of the Energy Efficiency Note levels using the naive Bayes algorithm produced a model capable of estimating the efficiency level of Brazilian ethanol to create labels.

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28

Bai, Xiaogang, and Haiming Zhang. "Coherent energy transfer of a pair of two-level atoms." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 24 (August 30, 2019): 1950281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919502816.

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The coherent energy transfer efficiency of a pair of two-level atoms is studied theoretically and its mathematical expression has been deduced. The problem of atoms coherent energy transfer theory is treated by quantum perturbation theory and equivalent method replacing atomic dipole field with light field of the same frequency. The detuning between the donor atom transition frequency and the acceptor atom transition frequency has been studied in the theory. With the increase of the detuning of the two-atomic transition frequency, the energy transfer efficiency decays rapidly. In the case of two-atomic transition frequency resonance, the coherent resonance energy transfer efficiency is directly proportional to the square of the sine of the minus three power of the distance between two atoms and the energy transfer efficiency is periodically decaying over time. The coherent resonance energy transfer efficiency is inversely proportional to the six power of the distance between the two atoms in the first-order approximation.

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29

Titova, Tamila, and Andrey Evstafev. "Energy efficiency improvement of locomotives with energy storages." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 2 (2017): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2017-2-200-210.

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Objective: The development of hybrid technologies is an aspect that carries serious changes for the railway industry, its design and technological base. These changes provide the scientific and technological breakthroughs to a much greater extent than the implementation of any new projects in traditional forms. Methods: Of great interest is the solution to the problem of hybrid locomotives and related power supply interaction. In addition, there are problems of quality and reliability of the rolling stock. The relationship between the three sets of technology, as well as the problem of support quality of the latter, becomes essential for the successful implementation of hybrid locomotives with a combined power plant. Results: The primary problems of locomotive projects in question are: electric power storage, in-depth modernization of the traction drive, and implementation of an optimal motion control algorithms in different modes. Increasing energy density stored in the traction battery, while reducing vehicle mass, ensures competitive advantages of eco-friendly hybrid locomotives versus traditional. The cost of the traction battery tends to dominate over the relevant economic parameters of other components of the traction drive hybrid locomotives, therefore, projects with a high technological level are relevant, while ensuring lower total weight of the vehicle. However, in the last decade, due to the increasing importance of electronic components in the transportation industry, along with the objectives stated above, problems of management optimization of rolling stock systems and provision of an appropriate level of quality control take center stage. Issues of energy storage application in the hybrid locomotive and their advantages over the currently used energy sources are considered in the article. Practical importance: It is shown that the use of a hybrid energy storage system will significantly increase the efficiency and reliability of the locomotive.

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30

Palamarchuk, D. M. "Regional Dimension of Energy Efficiency and Energy Security of Ukraine." Business Inform 7, no. 522 (2021): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-7-127-134.

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The article is aimed at determining the opportunities of the regions of Ukraine for self-sufficiency in energy resources, improving energy security and energy efficiency, as well as forming a methodological approach to determining regional ratings by the level of energy efficiency and energy security. The indicators of energy efficiency and energy security, proposed in the article, is advisable to use as a base for a further system of indicators, applied to determine regional ratings of energy efficiency and energy security. The proposed indicators allow to comprehensively assess the level of energy security in the region, are relevant and can be easily calculated using data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. To assess the level of energy efficiency and energy security of the regions of Ukraine, it is advisable to use the author’s own methodology, which also allows to assess the availability and quality of energy resources use. The application of the proposed two-level system of indicators and the method of their calculation allows solving the problem of informing different categories of users about energy efficiency and energy security of the regions in order to determine the need for control influences in conditions of limited information. Based on the results obtained, both the State and regional administration bodies together with local self-government bodies will be able to assess the results achieved, compare them with the achievements of other regions and develop a system of measures to improve the energy efficiency of the regional economy and ensure energy security in the future. Further researches of the author will be aimed at calculating on the basis of the formed methodological approach of the rating of energy efficiency and energy security of the regions of Ukraine, carrying out a comparative analysis of the regions and developing proposals for solving identified problems, based on the rating results obtained.

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31

Bashmakov, Igor A. "Energy efficiency and economic growth." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-10-32-63.

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Many Russian and foreign economists are not sure, why it is essential to take efforts to improve energy efficiency in general and in Russia in particular. Unlike labour productivity improvement, energy efficiency improvements are viewed as desirable for the economic growth, yet not at all sine qua non, as economic growth is taken as mostly driven by labour and capital, with an inconspicuous shadow of energy vaguely swaying in the background. This paper aims to show the actual importance of improving energy efficiency to achieve economic growth. It highlights the contribution of energy efficiency in addressing five problems related to economic growth: removal of growth constraints by improving the affordability of energy; improvement of competitiveness; enhancement of multifactor productivity through a better ‘quality of energy’; mitigation of the natural resources scarcity; ensuring growth despite tough environmental limitations. Historically, 1 percent GDP per capita growth requires 0.5—0.8% reduction in GDP energy intensity. This latter value grows as the level of economic development increases.

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32

Nurulin, Yury R., Inga V. Skvortsova, and Olga A. Kalchenko. "Energy Planning and Energy Efficiency in Smart City Areas." SHS Web of Conferences 61 (2019): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196101017.

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The main value added of the approach, which is considered in this paper, is the joint development of an innovative concept for energy improvement city's areas, as well as methods and tools for its implementation. A new coordinated approach to energy planning and implementation at the district level within the framework of the concept of smart cities contributes to the efforts of consumers to improve energy efficiency. The research focuses on energy efficiency for existing built-up urban structures. They represent a large part of the built environment of European cities and face significant, often urgent energy challenges.

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33

Valančius, Kęstutis, and Rūta Mikučionienė. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN EU UNIVERSITIES – RESULTS OF THE 1ST LEVEL AUDIT." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2010): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.102.

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The paper presents the main ideas of the project considering the programme “Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE) / Use Efficiency: Universities and Students for Energy Efficiency”. The article focuses on project goals, outputs, results and work programme. The methods of energy performance analysis and consumption benchmarks are described. Operational Rating method for 1st level analysis is preferred as the most reasonable. The principles of critical buildings, including some examples are identified. The obtained results of the 1st level audit of 9 EU universities are given.

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34

Yi, Fangqing, and Zenglian Zhang. "Energy Efficiency, Policy and GTFP." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185301033.

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The environmental and resource constraints on economic growth are increasingly evident. China urgently needs to reshape its economic growth momentum. The increase in green total factor productivity is particularly necessary for the growth of the quantity and quality of the economy. This paper selects the provincial panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2015, and establishes a panel exchangeable errors model to analyze the impact of eight indicators on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and verifies its effectiveness. Empirical analysis shows that inter-provincial government competition, environmental regulation, energy consumption, and capital stock have a significant impact on green total factor productivity. The influence of foreign direct investment, industrial structure, and industrialization level on the total factor productivity of green is not significant. Therefore, the government should adopt suitable, flexible and diverse environmental regulation policies, promote energy-saving emission reduction and technology innovations through policies such as taxes and subsidies, strengthen the linkage mechanism between industrial structure upgrading and energy efficiency, to increase green total factor productivity.

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35

Wu Rong, Hua Neng, Zhang Xiao-Bo, Cao Guo-Wei, Zhao Dong-Feng, and Zhou Shen-Lei. "Large-diameter multi-level diffractive optical elements with high energy efficiency." Acta Physica Sinica 61, no. 22 (2012): 224202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.61.224202.

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Nadel, Steven. "Jointly Addressing Energy and Water Efficiency at the End-User Level." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819558974.

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Borychenko, Olena, Anatolii Cherniavskyi, and Yuliia Ostapchyuk. "Application of principal components method for evaluation of energy efficiency level." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 16(1292) (June 10, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2018.16.02.

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Samoilyk, Iuliia, and Lyudmyla Svystun. "THE PROSPECTS OF THE LEVEL INCREASE OF RURAL HOUSING ENERGY EFFICIENCY." CHERKASY UNIVERSITY BULLETIN: ECONOMICS SCIENCES, no. 2 (2019): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31651/2076-5843-2019-2-113-128.

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39

Thirupathi Regula, Dr, and Dr Mohammed Ali Hussain. "Multi-level Structured Tree based Routing for Energy Efficiency in WSN." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (May 31, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.13515.

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The manuscript should contain an abstract. The abstract should be self-contained and citation-free and should not exceed 200 words. The abstract should state the purpose, approach, results and conclusions of the work. The author should assume that the reader has some knowledge of the subject but has not read the paper. Thus, the abstract should be intelligible and complete in it-self (no numerical references); it should not cite figures, tables, or sections of the paper. The abstract should be written using third person instead of first person.

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40

Fan, T. Y. "Optimizing the efficiency and stored energy in quasi-three-level lasers." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 28, no. 12 (1992): 2692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.166461.

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41

Montalbano, P., and S. Nenci. "Energy efficiency, productivity and exporting: Firm-level evidence in Latin America." Energy Economics 79 (March 2019): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.03.033.

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42

Kang, Jijun, Chenyang Yu, Rui Xue, Dong Yang, and Yuli Shan. "Can regional integration narrow city-level energy efficiency gap in China?" Energy Policy 163 (April 2022): 112820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112820.

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43

Hoang, Truong Huy, Duong Trung Kien, and Nguyen Dat Minh. "DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTION PLAN AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL OF VIETNAM." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 11, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11624.

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44

Amado, Miguel, Francesca Poggi, António Ribeiro Amado, and Sílvia Breu. "E-City Web Platform: A Tool for Energy Efficiency at Urban Level." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071857.

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Cities, as main energy consumers, play a crucial role in achieving a more sustainable energy future. This means that there is an urgent need to transform the way of planning urban areas, focusing on more efficient and self-reliant energy production and consumption modes overall. In this framework, the aim of this study is to explore the Net-Zero energy balance between two spatial scales: the whole city with its diversified energy consumption patterns, and those urban blocks, neighborhoods, or industrial areas that can produce energy and supply it to other areas. This approach leads to the development of an energy zoning for the city, based on the geographical urban delimitation of solar energy exporters cells and the energy consuming ones. On the production side, cells are delimited according to their solar energy production potential. On the demand side, cells are delimited according to four specific criteria: construction timeline, population density, urban morphologies, and land-use patterns that permit the definition of a classification of urban areas, based on the different energy consumption levels. In this paper, the web platform “E-City”, a tool for planning energy balance at urban level is presented, by describing its practical application in the city of Oeiras, Portugal. The platform integrates itself with the existing municipal Geographic Information System, exploring both spatial and statistical dimensions associated with zoning and the overall energy network system. Results from the use of this tool are relevant for urban planning practices, formulation of policies, and management of public investment that can be guided to more energy efficient solutions and supporting the transition towards nearly zero-energy cities.

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Xue, Fei, Sheng Zhang, Yu Bo Fan, Peng Xin Hou, and Chun Lin Guo. "Energy Efficiency Assessment Study of Electric Vehicle Charging Network." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1417.

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This paper studies energy efficiency of the entire EV charging network.In conjunction with the research, listing first and second level energy efficiency indexs.Determine weight coefficient of the first-level index based on the group-G1 method, with entropy weight method to identify weight coefficient of the second-level index. Finally create the model of energy efficiency assessment of EV charging network with hierarchical synthesis method. Through field measurement and calculation, this model can better impress the energy efficiency level.

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Hou, Peng, Yilin Li, Yong Tan, and Yuanjie Hou. "Energy Price and Energy Efficiency in China: A Linear and Nonlinear Empirical Investigation." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 4068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164068.

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The empirical conclusions regarding the relationship between energy price and energy efficiency are relatively mixed. This paper systematically examines the influence of energy price on energy efficiency in China based on data from 30 provinces between 2003 and 2017, using linear and nonlinear effect analysis. We found that the impact of energy price on energy efficiency in China was positive in general. However, there existed heterogeneous effects of energy price on energy efficiency in various regions, and the effect differed with differences in energy efficiency levels based on the panel quantile regression analysis. Finally, the nonlinear effect analysis based on the panel threshold model indicated that the effect of energy price on energy efficiency increased with the rise of the environmental regulation level and economic growth rate, while it decreased with the ascent of the degree of energy price distortion and economic development level. In particular, when the value of a region’s economic development level and economic growth rate was within a certain range, the impact was not statistically significant. Overall, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding regarding the effect of energy price on energy efficiency in China.

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47

Kim, Sungwook. "Dual-Level Game-Based Energy Efficiency and Fairness for Green Cellular Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9036929.

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In the recent decades, cellular networks have revolutionized the way of next generation communication networks. However, due to the global climate change, reducing the energy consumption of cellular infrastructures is an important and urgent problem. In this study, we propose a novel two-level cooperative game framework for improving the energy efficiency and fairness in cellular networks. For the energy efficiency, base stations (BSs) constantly monitor the current traffic load and cooperate with each other to maximize the energy saving. For the energy fairness, renewable energy can be shared dynamically while ensuring the fairness among BSs. To achieve an excellent cellular network performance, the concepts of theRaiffa Bargaining SolutionandJain’s fairnessare extended and practically applied to our dual-level cooperative game model. Through system level simulations, the proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with other existing schemes. The simulation results show that our two-level game approach outperforms the existing schemes in providing a better fair-efficient system performance.

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48

Boardman, Brenda. "Energy Efficiency Incentives and Uk Households." Energy & Environment 4, no. 4 (December 1993): 316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9300400401.

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The energy efficiency of a domestic property depends upon the way that it was built and subsequent improvements. The latter could have been installed by the landlord, if it is rented, or with the aid of a Government grant, or because the occupant wished to reduce running costs. In all circumstances, the external trigger could have been rising energy prices, a desire to improve the value of the property, to minimize maintenance, or simply to be warmer. The relative importance of these and other factors in stimulating energy efficiency improvements is poorly understood. A better analysis of who has paid for energy efficiency - and why - will help determine future policies and ensure the appropriate level of investment expenditure if environmental targets are to be met.

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Alshuraiaan, Bader. "Renewable Energy Technologies for Energy Efficient Buildings: The Case of Kuwait." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154440.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the most relevant renewable energy technologies for buildings and to assess the effectiveness of their implementation in the long term for Kuwait. Methods of analogies and comparisons were used to determine the features of energy efficiency based on the technologies under study. The study proposes the methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the introduction of renewable energy technologies, determining the direction of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and the investment efficiency of introducing these technologies. Renewable energy efficiency analysis for buildings in Kuwait confirms that solar energy systems have been the most widely available for widespread use of solar energy over the past three years. An increasing level of energy efficiency with a decrease in the notional cost of increasing energy savings is characteristic of solar collectors with booster reflectors. The proposed model for assessing the level of energy saving provides an opportunity for economic justification of introducing renewable energy technology in buildings.

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50

Hu, Baiding. "Measuring plant level energy efficiency in China's energy sector in the presence of allocative inefficiency." China Economic Review 31 (December 2014): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2014.08.011.

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