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1
Zhang, Shi Xiang. "Research on Energy Transportation Corridors Network Construction in China." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of energy transportation corridor is a vital part of the national economy and social sustainable development. Energy transportation corridor construction and development present situation in China is analyzed in detailed. Several particular steps are planned for optimal designing energy transportation corridor networks in China. Various restricting factors lies in the key transportation corridors distribution and its reasonable operation mode are also pointed out.
2
Chen, Can. "Control method of mechanical smoke emission in high-rise building corridor." Thermal Science 25, no. 6 Part A (2021): 4099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2106099c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The traditional method has a large control error in the corridor mechanical smoke control method. Therefore, a multi-task convolutional neural network-based high-rise building corridor mechanical smoke control method is proposed. Through the mechanical smoke exhaust principle of high-rise building corridors, the threshold of mechanical smoke exhaust is set to predict the mechanical smoke exhaust volume of high-rise building corridors. The movement of mechanical smoke in high-rise building corridors is simulated according to fire dynamics simulator to determine the turbulence state of mechanical smoke in high-rise building corridors. Input the mechanical smoke exhaust data of high-rise building corridors into the multi-task convolutional neural network to complete the mechanical smoke exhaust control of high-rise building corridors. Experimental results show that the maximum accuracy of this method is about 98%, and the control time is always less than 1 second.
3
Ozkaya, Sait I. "Use of Exclusion Zones in Mapping and Modeling Fracture Corridors." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 13, no. 04 (August 12, 2010): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/120136-pa.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary Fracture corridors are fault-related, subvertical, tabular fracture clusters that traverse the entire reservoir vertically and extend for several tens or hundreds of meters horizontally. Conductive fracture corridors may have significant permeability and may profoundly affect reservoir-flow dynamics. Therefore, it is important to map conductive fracture corridors deterministically for reservoir evaluation and well planning. Deterministic mapping of fracture corridors requires locating fracture corridors and assigning to them length, orientation, fluid conductivity, and connectivity. Estimation of orientation, length, and—especially—connectivity is a major challenge in fracture-corridor mapping. An exclusion zone is a region that cannot have a conductive fault or fracture corridor passing through. Borehole images, open-hole logs, flow profiles, and lost-circulation data can be used to identify horizontal wells with no fracture-corridor intersection. Well tests, production/injection history, Kh ratio (permeability times thickness) well-test/core ratio, first water arrival, and oil-column-thickness maps can be used to identify vertical “matrix” wells that do not intersect fracture corridors. Adjacent matrix wells may be surrounded by inferred exclusion zones. The confidence level of inferred exclusion zones depends on factors such as interwell distance, matrix permeability, width, orientation, and spacing of fracture corridors. Overlapping of exclusion zones from independent data sources such as well testing and oil-column thickness have higher confidence than non-overlapping zones. Only borehole images provide orientation and only well tests provide length of fracture corridors. In the absence of well testing and borehole imaging, exclusion zones provide constraints and aid both in locating fracture corridors and assigning them orientation and length. Perhaps the most significant contribution of exclusion zones to fracture-corridor mapping is in identifying interconnected and isolated fracture corridors. An interconnected network of fracture corridors may extend laterally for several kilometers as major fracture permeability pathways, which not only improve pressure support, bottom upsweep of oil, but also cause rapid water breakthrough.
4
Yin, Weichuan, and Yingqun Zhang. "Identification Method for Optimal Urban Bus Corridor Location." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 7167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Locating urban bus corridors based on corridor characteristics can increase the transportation capacity, improve transportation efficiency, and increase the attractiveness and commercial value of urban bus corridors. In this paper, we describe the comprehensive optimization of the urban bus corridor location and setting of bus lanes, while considering the aggregation effect of the corridor. First, we use a K-shortest path algorithm to generate a candidate set of bus corridors. Then, we analyze the influencing factors of the bus corridor. Following this, we take the minimum generalized cost and the maximum aggregation utility along the path as the objective function and design a bus corridor location identification optimization model, considering arc capacity, plot ratio, corridor development, and time constraints. Finally, we examine the real-world example of the Beijing city and identify the location of the bus corridors in the morning and evening peak hours. The one-way traffic of most of the roads identified as bus corridors was found to be greater than 6671 people/h. Thus, the location of the bus corridor and setting of bus lanes in the corridor are closely related to passenger flow, and the method can provide scientific guidance for transportation and urban planning departments and facilitate collaboration between these departments.
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Ye, Bojia, Zhao Yang, Lili Wan, and Yunlong Dong. "Multi-Objective Evaluation of Airborne Self-Separation Procedure in Flow Corridors Based on TOPSIS and Entropy." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010322.
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This paper proposes a simulation-based framework for assessing airborne self-separation procedures in flow corridors with consideration of different performance metrics, including air traffic operations, corridor capacity, safety, and environmental impacts. Firstly, the airborne self-separation concept in flow corridors is introduced, followed by an agent-based flow corridor simulation model. Then, data were collected to initialize a parallel-lane flow corridor model connecting A461 upper air route from Beijing to Guangzhou in China which can also simulate aircraft self-separating in the flow corridor. The total control delay, flow corridor throughput, breakout rate, and the CO2 emissions of traffic flow were considered as the impact measurements, and the TOPSIS and entropy method was used to rank the performances of different self-separation procedures. We found that combining multiple objectives into one, the optimum scheme can be obtained to guide the design of self-separation procedures for flow corridors. The research results can be used by airspace managers to dynamically develop appropriate operational procedures and rules for flow corridors given different operational conditions and constraints. Also, the framework proposed in the research may be used to evaluate the design of airspace structure with consideration of multiple objectives.
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Zhang, Yanjie, and Wei Song. "Identify Ecological Corridors and Build Potential Ecological Networks in Response to Recent Land Cover Changes in Xinjiang, China." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 8960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using Linkage Mapper corridor simulation software, which is based on minimum cost distance, we identify ecological corridors and build potential ecological networks in response to recent land cover changes in Xinjiang, China. Based on the analysis of land use/cover changes, the change of landscape pattern index is also calculated. The results show that: (1) During the year 2000–2015, cultivated land and built-up areas of Xinjiang showed an increasing trend. Due to urbanization, Xinjiang’s landscape connectivity is getting worse, and the landscape is becoming more and more fragmented and isolated. (2) We have constructed 296 ecological corridors, with a total length of 2.71 × 104 km and an average corridor length of 90.98 km. A total of 145 ecological source patches and 500 ecological nodes were connected by 296 ecological corridors. (3) The ecological corridor of Xinjiang presents the characteristics of “dense-north and sparse-south” in space. The areas with dense distribution of ecological corridors mainly include Urumqi, Changji, Turpan, Tacheng, Kizilsu Kirgiz, Karamay, and Yining, and the Taklimakan desert fringe. The sparse distribution is mainly in the whole Taklimakan desert.
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Li, Yanyan, Xinhao Wang, and Xiaofeng Dong. "Delineating an Integrated Ecological and Cultural Corridor Network: A Case Study in Beijing, China." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010412.
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This study shows that an integrated ecological and cultural corridor network can help guide city development strategies to better preserve ecological and cultural assets. Traditionally, protection zones and suitable development areas are often identified by separately considering natural elements of the ecosystem and elements of cultural significance. To achieve the purpose of cohesively protecting areas of ecological and/or cultural significance, we have developed a corridor-based spatial framework by integrating ecological and cultural assets. Ecological sources are identified by combining protection prioritization, nature reserves, and water bodies. Ecological corridors are delineated by using the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model on a resistance surface constructed from land-use data to connect ecological sources. Ecologically important areas are then delineated by creating a 5-km buffer zone from ecological sources and ecological corridors. Cultural corridors are historical routes and rivers surrounded by abundant cultural nodes. Like ecologically important areas, culturally important areas are delineated by creating a 5-km buffer zone from cultural corridors. Comprehensive regions are the overlap of ecologically and culturally important areas. Finally, the integrated network connects all comprehensive regions following ecological corridors and cultural corridors in such a way that the largest number of ecological sources and cultural nodes are reached. We applied this framework in Beijing, China, and the results show that there are 2011 km2 of ecological sources, 30 ecological corridors, 423 cultural nodes, seven cultural corridors, and 10 comprehensive regions covering 2916 km2 in the integrated network. The framework adds new insights to the methodology of considering ecological and cultural assets together in developing protection and development strategies.
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Liu, Weiling, Guo Zhang, Yonghua Jiang, and Jingyin Wang. "Effective Range and Driving Factors of the Urban Ventilation Corridor Effect on Urban Thermal Comfort at Unified Scale with Multisource Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091783.
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Urban ventilation corridors serve as channels of fresh air flow between the city and suburbs, helping to improve the wind and thermal environments and thermal comfort. However, owing to the limited number of weather stations, it is impossible to quantitatively reveal the effective effect range of urban ventilation corridors on urban thermal comfort at the scale of 100 × 100 m, which is optimal for urban ventilation corridors. In this study, we integrated building data, the European Centre for Medium-Range weather forecast data (ECMWF), MOD13Q1, and other multisource data to analyse the effect of urban ventilation corridors on urban thermal comfort at a unified scale of 100 × 100 m. The results showed that ECMWF and Landsat8 data could be used as substitute factors to improve the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) urban spatial resolution. The effective range of urban ventilation corridor effects on the urban surface temperature and urban comfort was ≤1000 m, with building density and vegetation coverage as the main factors limiting this range. Therefore, attention should be paid to the effective range of urban ventilation corridors, the surrounding building density, vegetation coverage, and the rational use of urban ventilation corridors to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in summer.
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Chuang, Tsai-Fu, and Yuan-Hsiou Chang. "A New Design Concept of an Ecological Corridor for Frogs to Improve Ecological Conservation." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2021): 11175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ecological corridors are an essential element in conserving the biodiversity and proper functioning of ecosystems. Without their connectivity, a very large number of species would not have access to all of the habitats needed for their life cycles. Although the concept of an ecological corridor has been discussed for many years, few studies on ecological corridors for frogs have been conducted. Frogs are often considered to be a keystone species. They are a good indicator of habitat health, and they are often the first to be harmed by pollution or ecosystem deterioration. However, there have been reports of frogs crossing ecological corridors and being attacked or consumed by natural enemies. It is vital to create ecological corridors for frogs that allow them to migrate quickly and safely. The purpose of this study was to propose a new ecological corridor design concept for frogs to address the limitations mentioned above. In this paper, grey system theory was employed to offer the necessary information for the frog ladder’s design. In addition, the frog’s high jump capacity and its defense mechanisms against natural enemies were used to determine the rest space and shelter.
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Zhang, Xuhao, Yan Ma, and Yuetong Zhang. "Corridor Intelligent Lighting System Design." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 898, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/898/1/012012.
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Abstract Although there are many sources of electric energy, there are various waste phenomena in various occasions, especially the waste of electric energy in building corridors is often ignored. This paper introduces a corridor intelligent light system, which includes several sensors, the gateway, core controller and cloud platform. The system can effectively save energy and has intelligent lighting control such as automatic induction of people, automatic switching of corresponding upper and lower floor lights, etc.
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Khalid, Ijaz, Syed Umair Jalal, and Muhammad Bilal. "ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW OF BEIJINGS BELT AND ROAD CORRIDORS." Global Political Review 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2018(iii-ii).03.
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This paper explores the rationale and factors that led to the adoption of Beijings Belt and Road Initiative. The study analysis the land corridors in detail and investigate its progress and challenges posed to each corridor. This paper aims to find out the real motives behind the overall concept of Belt and Road corridors and the benefits that it brings to China and participant states. Additionally, the paper examines the origin, capacity and extortions faced to BRI while making it a reality. This project plans greater trade and industrial activities through energy and communication infrastructure, activating of ports and construction of economic zones. The studies found that the project is more than just an economic investment corridor which will further boost PRC economy; it is also a strategic asset for the Chinese government which could provide strategic depth against its rivals powers like the US and its allies which are trying to contain China.
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Amir, Sjafril, Nurhamdoko Bonifacius, and Dina Poerwoningsih. "Eco-design concept of street corridors as a city image forming." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 999, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/999/1/012018.
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Abstract Street corridor landscape is an important part of open space for city sustainability but is often neglected in urban development. Road corridors, connecting urban spaces can act as city gates because they provide a visual impact on the city. Urban road corridors are places for people with different social backgrounds, ages, and genders to engage in activities. The road corridor should play an important role in shaping the image of the city because it becomes a visual display case for the city gate. This article aims to find out the researchers’ views on the eco-design concept of road corridor landscapes that form the image of the city. The eco-design concept was proposed as an answer to the environmental, energy efficiency, and sustainability issues that are currently emerging, this is in line with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive method, describing secondary data from research journals about the concept of ecodesign. The conclusion shows that the urban road corridor landscape can be arranged and improved with an eco-design concept strategy to improve the image of the city towards a sustainable city.
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Garfinkel, Megan, Sheryl Hosler, Christopher Whelan, and Emily Minor. "Powerline Corridors Can Add Ecological Value to Suburban Landscapes When Not Maintained as Lawn." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2022): 7113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127113.
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Electric powerline corridors are informal green spaces that encompass large areas of land and have the potential to support biodiversity in urban and suburban landscapes. However, the extent to which these corridors provide novel habitats compared to the surrounding landscape is unclear. Biodiversity in corridors is often compared to that of “natural” habitats despite the fact that the corridors are subject to frequent vegetation management. In urban and suburban landscapes, residential yards may provide a more appropriate comparison because they are a dominant type of green space and are also characterized by frequent vegetation management. We conducted a study of the biodiversity in suburban powerline corridors in northern Illinois, USA, and compared it to the biodiversity found in nearby residential yards. Our goal was to determine whether powerline corridors added ecological value to these suburban landscapes. We included three different management styles of powerline corridors: (1) frequently mowed and kept as lawn, (2) brush mowed on a five-year cycle (“old-field”), and (3) restored and/or maintained as native prairie. We measured the species richness and composition of plants, birds, and insect pollinators in corridors and yards. The corridor management types and comparison yards differed significantly in the richness of all three taxa, with old-field and/or prairie sites having greater species richness than mown corridors and/or comparison yards. Community composition also differed by management category. While the species richness of old-field sites tended to be high, prairie sites generally had more species of conservation interest. Our study shows that both old-field- and prairie-managed powerline corridors add habitat value to Midwestern U.S. suburban landscapes by providing alternative habitat types that support many species. Nonetheless, we suggest that managers looking to specifically support native and/or grassland specialist species in this region should manage sites as prairies when possible.
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Sobrino, Natalia, and Andres Monzon. "Towards Low-Carbon Interurban Road Strategies: Identifying Hot Spots Road Corridors in Spain." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113963.
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Reducing traffic emissions is key in transport planning and infrastructure management in order to achieve a sustainable transport system. This paper contributes to this topic in two ways. The first step describes a comprehensive methodology for identifying hot spots road segments and corridors with problems of GHG emissions to enable low-carbon actions. The Highway Energy Assessment (HERA) methodology is applied to the national road network of Spain in order to estimate interurban traffic emissions and calculate the emissions index to assess strategies. The results are shown graphically on a GIS, allowing to identify seven corridors with emissions problems comprising 25% of the network and being responsible for 51% of the total GHG emissions in 2012. Inefficient corridors were those with high rates of heavy vehicles, high speeds and steep gradients. The second step consists of the application of a set of strategies to reduce their emissions and their comparison to the reference scenario. The Mediterranean corridor—the most inefficient corridor—was selected to apply a set of abatement strategies. The most effective strategy was speed enforcement for light vehicles. A speed reduction of 10 km/h could produce a 3.5% savings in emissions compared to the reference scenarios, and decrease emissions intensity from 254 gCO2eq/veh-km to 246 gCO2eq/veh-km.
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Jurković, Željka, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, and Danijela Lovoković. "Railway Corridors in Croatian Cities as Factors of Sustainable Spatial and Cultural Development." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 6928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126928.
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Transport and mobility in cities are important factors in the sustainability of the urbanized world. This article investigates one type of intra-urban transport: railway transport and the surrounding areas along the railway, i.e., whether railway corridors can be a factor in the sustainable development of cities in the 21st century. The aim of the article is to determine specific characteristics of railway corridors and identify problems and cultural-historical specifics related to the industrial cultural heritage of the railway. The article examines the importance of an integrated approach to the planning of railway corridors and emphasizes the importance of multicriteria analyses in the decision-making process for corridor areas. As a case study, the city of Osijek is selected because in the past the railway strongly influenced its economical and urban development. Concretization and specification methods applied to the city of Osijek prove that railway corridors can become factors of the sustainable development of cities. The article proves that railway corridors have the potential to transform sustainable urban development because they pass through central, often historical, city areas, they occupy large surfaces and have a long linear spatial continuity. The scientific contribution of the article is the identification and systematization of the contribution of the transformation of railway corridors to the sustainable development of cities.
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Sandroff, Brian M., Lara A. Pilutti, Deirdre Dlugonski, Yvonne C. Learmonth, John H. Pula, and Robert W. Motl. "Comparing Two Conditions of Administering the Six-Minute Walk Test in People with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2013-014.
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Objective: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine whether differences existed in the total distance walked and energy expended between two conditions of administering the 6-Minute Walk test (6MW) across different levels of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The sample comprised 160 individuals with MS. One group of participants (n = 82) completed a 6MW while wearing a portable metabolic unit (K4b2, Cosmed, Italy) in a square hallway with four corridors and performing 90° turns. Another group (n = 78) completed a 6MW while wearing the same metabolic unit in a single corridor and performing 180° turns. Main outcome measures included total distance walked (in feet) and oxygen consumption (in milliliters per minute) expressed as 30-second averages for 1 minute before the 6MW and over the entire 6MW. Disability status was assessed using the Patient-Determined Disease Steps scale. Results: Participants undertaking the 6MW in a single corridor (1412 ft) walked 37 ft (2.7%) farther than those undertaking the test in a square hallway (1375 ft), but this difference was not statistically significant (F = 0.45, P = .51). Those completing the 6MW in a single corridor expended more energy than those completing the 6MW in the square hallway with four corridors (F = 3.41, P < .01). Conclusions: Either protocol is acceptable, but researchers should be aware of the additional physiological demands when administering the 6MW in a single corridor with 180° turns.
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Arauz-Beita, Ileana, and Adrián Arias-Navarro. "Biological Corridors as Enhancers of Local Development: Case Study of Biological Corridor Alexander Skutch." Universidad en Diálogo: Revista de Extensión 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/udre.6-1.4.
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When we relate to Protected Green Belts they involve a delimited territory, usually privately owned and whose purpose is to provide connectivity between landscapes, ecosystems and habitats – natural or modified – to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity and the ecological and evolutionary processes. For the last two years and within the outreach programs scenario at Brunca Regional Head Office, Perez Zeledon Campus, we have been working at Alexander Skutch Green Belt. This work has been done through FUNDER (University Funds for Regional Development), focused on the objective of strengthen the efforts the communities that belong to this specific belt do to help in the sustainability of the environment, natural and cultural resources. Because the concept of Green Belt was not well positioned or understood by the communities, they had not a real identification with the meaning of a Protected Green Belt. To develop the research process we started diagnosing each one of the seven communities located on Alexander Skutch Green Belt. The instrument included documentary and bibliographical research, field trips, and open forums to get acquainted with these communities’ economic, social and cultural characteristics and with the leaders of the communities. The most important results gathered during the research at A. S Green Belt, are the identification of the environmental problems in each one of the communities, the local initiatives on protection, get close to the Green Belt Counsel and give support to its members. On the other hand, we showed the people of the communities other significant efforts from communities around the country thus our participation in different activities as festivals, forums and activities in the Green Belt.
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Baláž, Peter, Stanislav Zábojník, and Márius Hričovský. "EU fossil fuel imports and changes after Ukrainian crisis." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207405005.
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Russian-Ukrainian relations brought several challenges for the European energy security due to transportation corridors crossing the territory. Gas crisis in several CEE countries in early 2009 revealed brittle energy supplies stability of the net importers. The conflict in east Ukraine has brought new challenges for gas and oil shipments crossing the transport routes of Ukraine. Authors analyse transport corridors, presence of Nord Stream I and Nord Stream II projects as possible determinants of the importance of Ukrainian transport corridor and clarify exported volumes of fossil fuels from Russia to EU using the pipelines. The main objective of the article is to determine to what extent new transport routes for gas and oil by passing Ukraine will determine Slovak economy in the field of energy security as well as fiscal revenues. At the broader level, authors analyse potential effects for the whole EU in the field of energy security, transport costs but also CO2 footprint when using alternatives to pipelines. Article synthetises alternatives to Russian energy shipments, predominantly to CEE, and possible costs stemming from Ukrainian political changes. An added value of the article lies in analysis of the difference between commercial benefits of Russian supplies besides import dependence, regional effects and general energy policy goals fulfilment.
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Liu, Hao, Xiao-Yun Lu, and Steven E. Shladover. "Mobility and Energy Consumption Impacts of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicle Strings on Freeway Corridors." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (June 20, 2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120926997.
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Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) vehicle string operations have the potential to improve significantly the mobility and energy consumption performance of congested freeway corridors. This study examines the impact of CACC string operations on vehicle speed and fuel economy on the 13-mi SR-99 corridor, near Sacramento, CA. It extends the existing body of knowledge by performing a multi-scenario simulation analysis of the freeway corridor. A simulation study evaluated the performance of the corridor under various CACC market penetration scenarios and traffic demand inputs. The CACC string operation was also analyzed when vehicle awareness device (VAD) and CACC managed lane (ML) strategies were implemented. The case study revealed that the average vehicle speed increased by 70% when the CACC market penetration increased from 0% to 100%. The highest average fuel economy, expressed in miles per gallon (mpg), was achieved under the 50% CACC scenario where mpg was 27. This was 10% higher than the baseline scenario. However, when the CACC market penetration was 50% or higher, the vehicle fuel efficiency only had minor increases. When CACC market penetration reached 100%, the corridor allowed 30% more traffic to enter the network without experiencing reduced average speed. Results also indicate that the VAD strategy increased the speed by 8% when the CACC market penetration was 20% or 40%, while there was a minor decrease in mpg. The ML strategy decreased the corridor performance when implemented alone.
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Lee, Chun-Te, and Ping-Tsan Ho. "Energy-Saving Research on New Type of LED Sensor Lamp with Low-Light Mode." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101649.
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In general, the sensor lamps in the corridors, stairwells, or toilets of buildings will change from completely dark to full brightness when someone passes by. It will make the human eyes feel very uncomfortable, and when the sensor lamp is completely dark, the whole corridor and stairwell will be dark, making women and children feel insecure at night. If the lighting is changed to be sensor-less, there is a serious problem of wasted energy. To solve this dilemma, we developed a new type of “LED sensor lamp with low-light mode” that changes the original “full dark mode” to “low-light mode”. As such, when someone approaches the sensor lamp, their eyes will not be uncomfortable with the momentary illumination. Furthermore, when no one passes by, the sensor lamp will stay in low-light mode, so that people returning home at night no longer have to go through dark corridors, thereby achieving safety, aesthetics, and energy-saving purposes. This new sensor lamp’s power consumption in low-light mode is only 1/10 of the high-light mode, but its brightness can be up to half of the high-light mode, making it very suitable for parking lots, corridors, stairways, or toilets of buildings. It only requires the replacement of the lamp but not the original lamp socket, yet the basic brightness can be maintained. Take the general 15W T8 LED lamp (sensor-less) as an example: if it is replaced by this new type of sensor lamp, and the place where it is installed is rarely passed by people, the power saving rate will be as high as 90%. Assuming that there are 12 passers-by per hour, the saving rate is still 81%.
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Lines, Robin, Dimitrios Bormpoudakis, Panteleimon Xofis, and Joseph Tzanopoulos. "Modelling Multi-Species Connectivity at the Kafue-Zambezi Interface: Implications for Transboundary Carnivore Conservation." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 12886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212886.
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Linking wildlife areas with corridors facilitating species dispersal between core habitats is a key intervention to reduce the deleterious effects of population isolation. Large heterogeneous networks of areas managed for wildlife protection present site- and species-scale complexity underpinning the scope and performance of proposed corridors. In Southern Africa, the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area seeks to link Kafue National Park to a cluster of wildlife areas centered in Namibia and Botswana. To assess and identify potential linkages on the Zambian side, we generated a high-resolution land cover map and combined empirical occurrence data for Lions (Panthera leo), Leopards (Panthera pardus) and Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) to build habitat suitability maps. We then developed four connectivity models to map potential single and multi-species corridors between Kafue and the Zambezi River border with Namibia. Single and multi-species connectivity models selected corridors follow broadly similar pathways narrowing significantly in central-southern areas of the Kafue-Zambezi interface, indicating a potential connectivity bottleneck. Capturing the full extent of human disturbance and barriers to connectivity remains challenging, suggesting increased risk to corridor integrity than modelled here. Notwithstanding model limitations, these data provide important results for land use planners at the Kafue-Zambezi Interface, removing much speculations from existing connectivity narratives. Failure to control human disturbance and secure corridors will leave Kafue National Park, Zambia’s majority component in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, isolated.
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Shaaban, Khaled. "Assessing Sidewalk and Corridor Walkability in Developing Countries." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 3865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143865.
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Finding a simple and less expensive method to assess and improve sidewalk and corridor conditions in developing countries is essential in order to motivate more people to walk. This study aimed to design and test a method that uses direct observations of driver behavior and street measurements to assess sidewalk and corridor walkability in developing countries. The proposed method includes different walkability indicators related to sidewalk features, crossing facilities, sidewalk facilities, and driver behavior to provide one score that represents the walkability of a sidewalk and one that represents the walkability of a corridor. The method was tested on streets from 10 neighborhoods in the city of Doha, Qatar. The results indicated that the developed method was easy to use and could efficiently measure various indicators, illustrating that it can be used to evaluate corridors with different characteristics to identify and rank areas that require improvement. The study’s findings will provide maintenance agencies, policymakers, and practitioners in developing countries with a simple, efficient, and cost-effective method to evaluate, plan, rank, and improve the walkability of sidewalks and corridors.
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Kanudia, Amit, Raffaella Gerboni, Richard Loulou, Maurizio Gargiulo, Maryse Labriet, Evasio Lavagno, Rocco De Miglio, Laura Schranz, and GianCarlo Tosato. "Modelling EU‐GCC energy systems and trade corridors." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 7, no. 2 (June 21, 2013): 243–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-01-2012-0007.
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Zhou, Shaokun, Yuhong Song, Yijiao Li, Jing Wang, and Lan Zhang. "Construction of Ecological Security Pattern for Plateau Lake Based on MSPA–MCR Model: A Case Study of Dianchi Lake Area." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114532.
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The construction of ecological security patterns is an effective means to improve ecological environment quality, protect regional biodiversity, and alleviate the landscape fragmentation caused by urbanization in plateau lake cities. Taking the Dianchi Lake area as an example, we used the morphological spatial pattern analysis method (MSPA) and the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) to construct a comprehensive resistance surface, ecological corridor network, and ecological security pattern for the study area. Firstly, we selected 12 ecological sources with more than 1000 hm2, PC, IIC index more than 1, and high habitat quality and connectivity from the study area, including the Dianchi lake body and the mountain forests in the south, north, and west. The overall habitat quality in the eastern region was poor. Secondly, the regional comprehensive resistance value was 1.0925–4.5395. The comprehensive resistance surface showed that the influence of human activities in the region was strong, and the connectivity between important sources was poor. Thirdly, we identified 26 important corridors with interaction force values higher than 50, mostly mountain corridors, between sources that were close to one another and over 40 general corridors with interaction force values lower than 50 in urban built-up areas, most of which were river corridors. Fourthly, by identifying five potential sources and 43 potential corridors in the eastern region, we improved the ecological network function and overall connectivity. The α index (loop pass degree), β index (line point rate), and γ index (connectivity degree) were 2.895, 5.5, and 2.2 before optimization and 3.206, 6.412, and 2.422 after optimization, respectively. Lastly, the “ridge lines” and “valley lines” were used to screen the ecological nodes in our ecological network model and construct a “one core, three regions, and one belt” ecological security pattern by combining the geographical characteristics of the research region and the local policy planning guidance. We also provided ecological control, restoration, and construction suggestions based on the corridor plans of other administrative regions and the different types of source area.
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Jiang, Yunfang, Danran Song, Tiemao Shi, and Xuemei Han. "Adaptive Analysis of Green Space Network Planning for the Cooling Effect of Residential Blocks in Summer: A Case Study in Shanghai." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093189.
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The effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) is becoming increasingly serious in cities. Research on the adaptive planning policies for microthermal environments at the residential block level of cities is thus becoming of greater significance. Based on the cooling effect of planning control elements in residential block areas, the element effects characteristics of water bodies and vegetation distribution on the thermal environment of residential blocks were analyzed by using ENVI-met software. The simulation data analysis showed that the combination of water bodies and vegetation had a synergistic cooling effect. Based on these results, simulations of five effective adaptive measures were carried out step by step in planning scenarios, that is, improving the water bodies with vegetation corridors, the application of high-albedo material on streets, and increasing the number of green patches, east-west green corridors, and north-south green corridors. The results were as follows. First, although each of the five optimization strategies have a certain degree of cooling effect on the entire block, the superposition of each factor had a synergistic effect. Second, different spatial optimization strategies had different cooling ranges for each subzone. The optimization of the north-south green corridor, green patches, and water features corridors were particularly significant for microclimate cooling. The east-west green corridor has a certain influence on a certain range of downwind zones and had an auxiliary cooling effect. The high-albedo material also had a weak overall decrease function for the thermal environment. Finally, the downwind area of the urban creek network had a great impact on cooling intensity, with distance attenuation characteristics; it was also proposed that the comprehensive cooling effect of the green space network with optimized layout was greater than that of any single green space element. The optimization scenario planning research provided a method for improving the scientific distribution of adaptation measures in urban residential blocks.
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Čižiūnienė, Kristina, Jonas Matijošius, Audrius Čereška, and Artūras Petraška. "Algorithm for Reducing Truck Noise on Via Baltica Transport Corridors in Lithuania." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 6475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246475.
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The section of Via Baltica going through the territory of the Republic of Lithuania is the most traffic intensive land logistics corridor in the country. The annual transportation volume has been increasing on this road; thus, the reduction of pollution caused by vehicles has become important. If gas emissions are regulated, and carriers have to pay pollution taxes, this does not apply to noise levels. The article presents the traffic intensity in this logistics corridor, measurements of the noise level at the characteristic points, its relation to the number of vehicles passing through it and an expert evaluation of proposed methods for noise energy reduction. Environmental noise is an unwanted or harmful sound that propagates in terms of both duration and geographical coverage. Noise is associated with many human activities, but road, rail and air traffic noises have the greatest impact. Due to irrationally arranged transport network, the transit flow of freight transport crosses residential areas of the city, places of rest and recreation of the population, causing high noise levels in adjacent areas. This is the biggest problem for the urban environment. Environmental noise affects many Europeans and is therefore considered by society to be one of the biggest environmental problems. This article presents an assessment of a new traffic noise algorithm. The presented expert survey on noise energy reduction allows choosing the most appropriate method for reducing noise energy in Via Baltica transport logistics corridor. Based on the expert survey, a hierarchical table for noise energy reduction was compiled. It will allow assessing the validity of individual noise energy reduction solutions. It has become relevant for improving infrastructure of other transport corridors and choosing the most appropriate solutions to reduce vehicle noise pollution. A further application of this model can be focused on economic evaluation, forecasting of expected benefits and so on.
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Escribano Francés, Gonzalo. "Market or geopolitics? The Europeanization of EU's energy corridors." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506221111120893.
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Pregger, Thomas, Evasio Lavagno, Maryse Labriet, Pernille Seljom, Markus Biberacher, Markus Blesl, Franz Trieb, et al. "Resources, capacities and corridors for energy imports to Europe." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506221111120938.
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Escribano, Gonzalo. "Convergence towards Differentiation: The Case of Mediterranean Energy Corridors." Mediterranean Politics 15, no. 2 (July 2010): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2010.485048.
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Salamati, Mehdi, Xin Wang, Jennifer Winter, and Hamidreza Zareipour. "Optimal Routing of Wide Multi-Modal Energy and Infrastructure Corridors." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080434.
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A multi-modal corridor accommodates multiple modes of energy and transportation infrastructure within the same right-of-way. The existing literature on corridor routing in raster space often focuses on one mode with no consideration of the width. This is not a realistic assumption, especially if multiple modes are to co-exist within the same wide right-of-way. Moreover, newer routing methods that consider corridor width cannot take into account multi-modality and the arrangement of modes within a corridor. We developed two multi-modal wide-corridor routing methods using raster data. In the first method, the cost rasters of all modes are weighted and aggregated into a single composite on which a wide LCP is found. This wide LCP is then divided among the modes based on the desired arrangement. The second method uses a directed transformed graph in which the weight of each edge is calculated using different layers of cost data based on the edge direction, the desired widths and arrangement of the modes. Comparative analyses using synthetic datasets show the superior performance of the second proposed method in finding a muti-modal corridor in comparison with the first mode, and in finding a single-modal corridor when compared to the existing methods.
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Štrbac, Alexander, Daniel Heinrich Greiwe, Frauke Hoffmann, Marion Cormier, and Thorsten Lutz. "Piloted Simulation of the Rotorcraft Wind Turbine Wake Interaction during Hover and Transit Flights." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051790.
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Helicopters are used for offshore wind farms for maintenance and support flights. The number of helicopter operations is increasing with the expansion of offshore wind energy, which stresses the point that the current German regulations have not yet been validated through scientific analysis. A collaborative research project between DLR, the Technical University of Munich, the University of Stuttgart and the University of Tübingen has been conducted to examine the sizes of the flight corridors on offshore wind farms and the lateral safety clearance for helicopter hoist operations at offshore wind turbines. This paper details the results of piloted helicopter simulations in a realistic offshore wind farm scenario. The far-wake of rotating wind turbines and the near-wake of non-rotating wind turbines have been simulated with high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics under realistic turbulent inflow conditions. The resulting flow fields have been processed by superposition during piloted simulations in the research flight simulator AVES to examine the flight corridors in transit flights and the lateral safety clearance in hovering flights. The results suggest a sufficient size for the flight corridor and sufficient lateral safety clearance at the offshore wind turbines in the considered scenarios.
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Shao, Yiming, Jiaqiang Li, Zhiwei Zhou, Fan Zhang, and Yuanlong Cui. "The Impact of Indoor Living Wall System on Air Quality: A Comparative Monitoring Test in Building Corridors." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147884.
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Living wall systems have been widely recognized as one of the promising approaches for building applications due to their aesthetic value and ecological benefits. Compared with outdoor living wall systems, indoor living wall systems (ILWS) play a more vital role in indoor air quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ILWS on indoor air quality. In an office building, two parallel corridors were selected as comparative groups. A 10.6 m2 ILWS was installed on the sidewall of the west corridor while the east corridor was empty. Some important parameters, including indoor air temperature, relative humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM) were obtained based on the actual environment monitoring. According to the statistical analysis of the data, there were significant differences in the concentrations of CO2 and PMs in the corridors with and without ILWS, which indicated that CO2 and PM2.5 removal rate ranged from 12% to 17% and 8% to 14%, respectively. The temperature difference is quite small (0.13 °C on average), while relative humidity slightly increased by 3.1–6.4% with the presence of the ILWS.
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Rocheva, Olga A., Rimma S. Zaripova, Irina G. Morozova, and Fania R. Khamidullina. "COMPETITIVENESS OF RUSSIAN TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS." International Journal of Advanced Studies 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2021-11-1-7-16.
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The overall economic situation in the state is also important for the development of the NSR. First of all, it is necessary to note the negative impact of the decline in production volumes. A significant part of the production facilities were closed. The total volume of cargo traffic along the Northern Sea Route has decreased by four times.
Arctic ports are a weak link of the Northern Sea Route that does not meet modern requirements. These properties have been placed in trust by a number of owners who are currently unable to ensure the normal operation of these properties.
The purpose of the work: to study the general economic situation in the state is also important for the development of the NSR. To study the volume of cargo traffic along the Northern Sea Route.
The methodology of the work: a systematic approach and generalization; the authors ‘ own scientific and pedagogical experience; analytical and statistical methods of analysis.
Results: The Northern Sea Route is characterized by an increased importance for modern Russia. The interest of the whole world in the Northern Sea Route is connected with the fact that it is the most important transport route that ensures the development of the resources of the Arctic region, including fuel and energy, carrying out high-yield transit transportation, etc.
Scope of application of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained at the state level, there should be an awareness that one of the key tasks of our country at the present stage is the development of navigation in the Arctic Ocean.
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Wu, Jiansheng, Si Li, Nan Shen, Yuhao Zhao, and Hongyi Cui. "Construction of Cooling Corridors with Multiscenarios on Urban Scale: A Case Study of Shenzhen." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155903.
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Under the background of rapid urbanization, the urban heat island (UHI) effect is becoming increasingly significant. It is very important for the sustainable development of cities to carry out quantitative research on the mitigation of the UHI effect at an urban scale. Taking Shenzhen as an example, this paper puts forward a method for building a cooling corridor for the city with multiscenarios based on the theory of ecological security pattern (ESP), which can realize quantitative planning of the spatial layout of urban green infrastructure (UGI) to alleviate the UHI effect. In this study, cooling sources are identified from the three dimensions of habitat quality, landscape connectivity, and the capacity to provide cooling ecosystem services. The cooling corridors that are superior at cooling, isolation, and ventilation are selected and optimized. The results show that the identified ecological cooling source area accounts for 33.18% of the total area of Shenzhen, and more than 85% of the area falls within the scope of the basic ecological control line of Shenzhen. There are 48 cooling corridors with a total length of 289.17 km in the cooling priority scenario, which mostly pass through the high-temperature and subhigh-temperature areas of each administrative region and city, providing a good cooling effect but poor feasibility. There are 48 corridors with a total length of 326.66 km in the isolation priority scenario, which mostly pass through the administrative region boundary and have a weak connection with the urban heat island, avoiding the built-up areas with strong human activities. As consequence, cooling is relatively achievable, but its effect is not ideal. There are 47 corridors with a total length of 368.06 km in the ventilation priority scenario, including many urban main roads and river systems that fully utilize the area’s strong natural wind conditions and realize various functions; however, the cooling effect is suboptimal. Corridors with great potential in cooling, isolation, ventilation, and noise reduction were determined after comprehensive optimization.
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Sheeba Percis, E., A. Nalini, G. O. Jijina, T. Jenish, J. Jayarajan, Chelladurai, N. Selvarani, and S. Sendilvelan. "Stability Analysis of Dedicated Green Energy Corridors and Enhancement of Renewable Energy Evacuation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 993 (December 31, 2020): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/993/1/012071.
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Ouyang, Wang, and Zhu. "Construction of the Ecological Security Pattern of Urban Agglomeration under the Framework of Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services Using Bayesian Network Machine Learning: Case Study of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration, China." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 6416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226416.
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Coordinating ecosystem service supply and demand equilibrium and utilizing machine learning to dynamically construct an ecological security pattern (ESP) can help better understand the impact of urban development on ecological processes, which can be used as a theoretical reference in coupling economic growth and environmental protection. Here, the ESP of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration was constructed, which made use of the Bayesian network model to dynamically identify the ecological sources. The ecological corridor and ecological strategy points were identified using the minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory. The ESP was constructed by combining seven ecological sources, “two horizontal and three vertical” ecological corridors, and 37 ecological strategy points. Our results found spatial decoupling between the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES) and the degradation in areas with high demand for ES. The ecological sources and ecological corridors of the urban agglomeration were mainly situated in forestlands and water areas. The terrestrial ecological corridor was distributed along the outer periphery of the urban agglomeration, while the aquatic ecological corridor ran from north to south throughout the entire region. The ecological strategic points were mainly concentrated along the boundaries of the built-up area and the intersection between construction land and ecological land. Finally, the ecological sources were found primarily on existing ecological protection zones, which supports the usefulness of machine learning in predicting ecological sources and may provide new insights in developing urban ESP.
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Alemdar, Kadir Diler, Ahmet Tortum, Ömer Kaya, and Ahmet Atalay. "Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Intersection Performances—A Microsimulation-Based MCDA." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041859.
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Intersections are the most important regions in terms of urban traffic management. The intersection areas on the corridor should be analyzed together for consistency in traffic engineering. To do so, three intersections on the Vatan Street corridor in İstanbul, the most crowded city of Turkey, were examined. Various geometric and signal designs were performed for intersections and the most suitable corridor design was analyzed. The corridor designs were modeled with the PTV VISSIM microsimulation software. The most suitable corridor design was evaluated by using the results obtained from the microsimulation via analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) from multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods. The evaluation criteria in the study are vehicle delay, queue length, stopped delay, stops, travel time, vehicle safety, CO emission, fuel consumption, and construction cost. As a result, the current and the most suitable alternative corridors were compared according to the comparison parameters and up to 80% improvements were observed. Thus, some advantages were obtained in terms of energy, environment, time, and cost.
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Yan, Lingbin, Lifei Yu, Mingtai An, Haijun Su, He Li, and Congjun Yuan. "Explanation of the Patterns, Spatial Relationships, and Node Functions of Biodiversity and Island: An Example of Nature Reserves in Guizhou, Southwest China." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226197.
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Biological habitat islanding occurs with the expansion of human activities. Nature reserves are biodiversity hotspots and sources of biodiversity diffusion. To explore the geographical causes of biodiversity and the impact of habitat island on biodiversity, we studied the spatial network relationships of biodiversity in nature reserves and the spatial characteristics of ecological corridors in reserves using various biodiversity indicators and ecological factors of important nature reserves, digital elevation models, and information regarding the land use types in Guizhou Province. Data were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis and the lowest-cost analysis method. The results of this study showed that the factors that determine the biodiversity of the dominant region are heat, moisture, rock type, parent rock, and soil type. The nature reserves can be divided into seven categories according to the characteristics and ecological factors of the biodiversity network. We identified ecological corridors for biodiversity diffusion and classified them by levels of importance according to their degree of corridor composition.
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Hossain, Moazzem, and Scott Kennedy. "Estimating Energy Savings from Bus Improvement Options in Urban Corridors." Journal of Public Transportation 11, no. 3 (September 2008): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.11.3.2.
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Doukas, Haris, Charikleia Karakosta, Alexandros Flamos, Maria Flouri, and John Psarras. "Graph theory‐based approach for energy corridors network to Greece." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506221111120901.
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Rikatyani, Marchelia Dwi, and Dyah Titisari Widyastuti. "TRANSFORMASI SPASIAL PADA KORIDOR RUANG JALAN CENDRAWASIH – DEMANGAN BARU YOGYAKARTA." Pawon: Jurnal Arsitektur 6, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/pawon.v6i2.4426.
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Spatial transformation in corridors road space is a shape transformation of the road space structure and shape from the previous condition to the current condition, including physical and non-physical spaces, namely roads and the scope of road space as a form of a spatial structure. The Cendrawasih – Demangan Baru corridor road space has a strategic location, which is in Depok District as the center of education and economy in Sleman Regency and it is directly next to the Yogyakarta city. It has a direct impact on the Cendrawasih – Demangan Baru corridor road space so it be through a spatial transformation due to the increase of commercial activity in this area. This study used a qualitative rationalistic method with comparative descriptive analysis. This study examined the spatial transformation of the Cendrawasih – Demangan Baru corridor road space from 2006 to 2021 by combining field observations, interviews, and literature studies. Based on the analysis and theoretical study results, there was a significant transformation in the scope of the road space which included a partial transformation to a total transformation, while the roads and pedestrian paths had not changed in their dimensions, but both of them could not fulfill the needs of road space users due to the transformation in the road space scope. The factors causing the transformation were function transformation, ownership transformation and building transformation.
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Li, Xiuting, Ruirui Wang, Xingwang Chen, Yiran Li, and Yunshan Duan. "Classification of Transmission Line Corridor Tree Species Based on Drone Data and Machine Learning." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 8273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148273.
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Tree growth in power line corridors poses a threat to power lines and requires regular inspections. In order to achieve sustainable and intelligent management of transmission line corridor forests, a transmission line corridor tree barrier management system is needed, and tree species classification is an important part of this. In order to accurately identify tree species in transmission line corridors, this study combines airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) point-cloud data and synchronously acquired high-resolution aerial image data to classify tree species. First, individual-tree segmentation and feature extraction are performed. Then, the random forest (RF) algorithm is used to sort and filter the feature importance. Finally, two non-parametric classification algorithms, RF and support vector machine (SVM), are selected, and 12 classification schemes are designed to perform tree species classification and accuracy evaluation research. The results show that after using RF for feature filtering, the classification results are better than those without feature filtering, and the overall accuracy can be improved by 3.655% on average. The highest classification accuracy is achieved when using SVM after combining a digital orthorectification map (DOM) and LiDAR for feature filtering, with an overall accuracy of 85.16% and a kappa coefficient of 0.79.
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Fayyaz, Shabana, and Salma Malik. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridors Security Concerns." Global Regional Review IV, no. IV (December 30, 2019): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iv).47.
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The paper reviews the (CPEC) from a security lens. The upshot of CPEC is to bring in peace and prosperity in the region through laying a mix of road networks, railways, and pipelines in this area. It envisions to transform Pakistan by upgrading its economic profile through connectivity with adjacent regions, addressing energy shortfalls, and expanding societal links between Pakistan and China. Both sides perceive CPEC to be a game-changer. However, there are key challenges to establish a sphere of co-security interdependence through CPEC. The core risks and opportunities associated with the implementation of this crucial project are highlighted in this study. The paper dwells on the security dimensions of the CPEC from an integrated conception of security - to stamp the CPEC as a safety valve not only for Pakistan and China but for a host of countries associated with it
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Dinets, Darya. "Risks of Integration of Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur Railways with International Transport Corridors of Eurasia." Russian and Chinese Studies 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2019.4(1).53-63.
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The article is devoted to describing the main trends of Eurasian transport corridors integration in terms of assessment of the participants’ risks. It shows that the format of the transport integration peculiar to the trans-regional alliances initiates risk synergy at the level of business profiles of the amalgamating countries, but not only in the sphere of the transport communication. Besides, the inconformity in the structure of the frights, carried in various directions in Eurasia, means additional financial burden to support the infrastructure and the rolling stock to meet the integration challenges. All these problems lead to impossibility of payback of the transport investment projects both at the level of a single country and any union of countries. Thus, the financial and economic risks of integration projects in transport, with respect to the structure of the energy balances of the countries uniting the transport corridors, request higher demands for the return of capital employed, and, consequently, they are translated into all related industrial sectors on the continent. Ignoring the integration risks in substantiating the projects of international transport corridors leads to increased expectations in regard to socio-economic and geopolitical consequences for international trade agreements, holds back on the volumes of foreign economic activity of the countries, leads to isolationist tendencies at the level of economic entities. As a measure directed to obtaining an effect of the scale sufficient to compensate the business risks of the transport integration, the article offers to organize the transport communication on the continent on the principle of “Management of United Corridor”, involving various types of transport, using the transport logistic hubs. This kind of principle of international cooperation in the transport is particular profitable for the Russo-Chinese relationships, with Russia being a provider of the transport services, and China being the place of origin of the major part of freights transported through international transport corridors.
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Wang, Ziyang, Peiji Shi, Xuebin Zhang, Huali Tong, Weiping Zhang, and Yue Liu. "Research on Landscape Pattern Construction and Ecological Restoration of Jiuquan City Based on Ecological Security Evaluation." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105732.
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Jiuquan City is a typical ecologically fragile area in the arid areas of Northwest China, and unreasonable human activities directly affect the regional ecological security. Scientifically, it is necessary to construct an ecological landscape pattern on the basis of ecological security evaluation. This paper selected evaluation factors based on the perspective of “environmental base and human interference”, used spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) to comprehensively evaluate the regional landscape ecological security, and used the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model to construct the regional ecological security pattern. The results show that the overall ecological security level of the study area is low, and the area with a moderate safety level and below is 122,100 km2, accounting for 72.57% of the total area of the study area. The total area of the identified ecological source area is 6683 km2, the spatial distribution is extremely uneven, and it is extremely concentrated in the southern region; 32 ecological corridors with a total length of 3817.8 km are identified, of which corridor NO. 1–4 run through the Qilian Mountains, 11 oasis areas, and 14 nature reserves. The length of ecological corridors is 1376.1 km, accounting for 36.04% of the total. Forty-two ecological nodes are identified, and the central corridor area is more distributed; four ecological restoration zones are divided, including an ecological conservation zone, ecological improvement zone, ecological control zone, and ecological restoration zone, with areas of 34,380.3 km2, 61,884.4 km2, 21,134.4 km2, and 50,648.3 km2, respectively. Through the delineation of the urban ecological network pattern composed of source areas, corridors, and nodes, as well as the delineation of ecological restoration zones, the ecological security level of the study area will be effectively improved. Furthermore, a new method of ecological restoration zoning will be used, hoping to provide a useful reference for improving the quality of the ecological environment in arid areas and optimizing the spatial pattern of the land.
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Yang, Yang, Suocheng Dong, Tamir Boldanov, Fujia Li, Hao Cheng, Qian Liu, Yu Li, and Zehong Li. "Construction of the Primorsky No. 1 and No. 2 International Transport Corridors: Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Policies." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042120.
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The construction of the Primorsky No. 1 and No. 2 international transport corridors is of great strategic significance to China and Russia. These corridors will solve the problem of the absence of an estuary in Northeast China by sailing from Russian ports and concurrently greatly improve Russia’s position in the world’s transport system. However, existing research studies mainly focus on the strategic significance of these corridors, while research studies on the identification, evaluation, and mitigation policies of their construction risks are rare, which inhibits the construction progress. To promote the construction of these corridors, we firstly identify the main risks in the construction of these corridors, which are economic, transport infrastructure-related, policy-related, eco-environmental, and disaster-related risks. Then, we establish a comprehensive evaluation system, and by applying the entropy method, we quantitatively evaluate the degrees of risks in regions along the transport corridors, reveal their spatial distribution patterns, and identify the key prevention and control regions for these risks. Afterwards, we propose targeted mitigation policies such as establishing innovative cooperation modes and a special foundation to mitigate economic risk and formulate further regional development policies to mitigate policy-related risk. This research will provide scientific support for risk prevention and control for the construction of these corridors.
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Akbar, Usman, József Popp, Hameed Khan, Muhammad Asif Khan, and Judit Oláh. "Energy Efficiency in Transportation along with the Belt and Road Countries." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
China’s huge investment in the “belt and road initiative” (BRI) may have helped improve the economic level of participating countries, but it may also be accompanied by a substantial increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The BRI corridors aim to bring regional stability and prosperity. In such efforts, energy efficiency due to increased transport has been overlooked in the recent literature. This paper employed a data envelopment analysis of the slack-based measurement (SBM) for bad output to assess the transport energy efficiency of 19 countries under the BRI economic corridors. By using the most cited transport-related input variables, such as vehicles, labor, motor oil, jet fuel, and natural gas, this study first analyzes the transport energy efficiency by first assuming the output variables individually and then takes two years as a pre- and post-BRI case by considering the aggregated output model. The results show an increase in economic activity but a decline in transport energy efficiency in terms of consumption and emissions.
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Herberg, Jeremias, Tobias Haas, Daniel Oppold, and Dirk von Schneidemesser. "A Collaborative Transformation beyond Coal and Cars? Co-Creation and Corporatism in the German Energy and Mobility Transitions." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, we critically discuss the role of collaboration in Germany’s path towards a post-carbon economy. We consider civic movements and novel forms of collaboration as a potentially transformative challenger to the predominant approach of corporatist collaboration in the mobility and energy sectors. However, while trade unions and employer organizations provide a permanent and active arena for policy-oriented collaboration, civil society groups cannot rely on an equivalently institutionalized corridor to secure policy impact and public resonance. In that sense, conventional forms of collaboration tend to hinder the transformation towards a post-carbon economy. Collaboration in the German corporatist setting is thus, from a sustainability perspective, simultaneously a problem and a solution. We argue for more institutionalized corridors between civil society and state institutions. Co-creation, as we would like to call this methodical approach to collaborating, can be anchored within the environmental and industrial policy arenas.
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Lewis, David J., Dylan Voeller, Tina L. Saitone, and Kenneth W. Tate. "Management Scale Assessment of Practices to Mitigate Cattle Microbial Water Quality Impairments of Coastal Waters." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 6, 2019): 5516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195516.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coastal areas support multiple important resource uses including recreation, aquaculture, and agriculture. Unmanaged cattle access to stream corridors in grazed coastal watersheds can contaminate surface waters with fecal-derived microbial pollutants, posing risk to human health via activities such as swimming and shellfish consumption. Improved managerial control of cattle access to streams through implementation of grazing best management practices (BMPs) is a critical step in mitigating waterborne microbial pollution in grazed watersheds. This paper reports trend analysis of a 19-year dataset to assess long-term microbial water quality responses resulting from a program to implement 40 grazing BMPs within the Olema Creek Watershed, a primary tributary to Tomales Bay, USA. Stream corridor grazing BMPs implemented included: (1) Stream corridor fencing to eliminate/control cattle access, (2) hardened stream crossings for cattle movements across stream corridors, and (3) off stream drinking water systems for cattle. We found a statistically significant reduction in fecal coliform concentrations following the initial period of BMP implementation, with overall mean reductions exceeding 95% (1.28 log10)—consistent with 1—2 log10 (90–99%) reductions reported in other studies. Our results demonstrate the importance of prioritization of pollutant sources at the watershed scale to target BMP implementation for rapid water quality improvements and return on investment. Our findings support investments in grazing BMP implementation as an important component of policies and strategies to protect public health in grazed coastal watersheds.
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Roemer, Kelli F., and Julia H. Haggerty. "Coal communities and the U.S. energy transition: A policy corridors assessment." Energy Policy 151 (April 2021): 112112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112112.
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