Статті в журналах: "Energy consumption of destruction"

1

Arutyunyan, R. A. "Optimization of energy consumption for destruction of solids." Doklady Physics 55, no. 9 (September 2010): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335810090107.

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Gorobets, L. J., and I. V. Verhorobina. "Theoretical aspects of energy consumption acoustic evaluation at the jet grinding." Geo-Technical mechanics, no. 152 (2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2020.152.074.

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The objective of this work was to develop an acoustic method for evaluating energy consumption during the jet mill operation on the basis of the new generalized physical laws of material dispersion at it destruction. Theoretical explanation is given to the problem of energy consumption diminish in the mode of fine grinding. Dependences between the product dispersion and critical energy density in the course of destruction are described. The acoustic-emissive parameters of dispersion of the samples loaded by compression and results of acoustic estimation of the jet grinding are considered. Interrelation between the gas-jet mill performance and parameters impacting on the energy consumption are analyzed. Grounds are given for using a criterion of extremal control of the working process for maintaining maximal performance. An acoustic size effect of dispersion is formulated by the analogy with dynamic size effect of destruction (DSE). A new approach to evaluation of energy consumed by the jet mill is developed from positions of unity of nature and mechanism of the loaded body destruction with community of manifestation of physical laws of acoustic emission and effects of new surface formation on the destroyed particles. Leading role in the methodology of energy consumption evaluation is given to the coefficient gN (J/imp) of transformation of the consumed energy into acoustic radiation at optimal mode of the mill operations (at maximum performance), which is calculated as a ratio of the reduced work (energy) to the acoustic signal counts in the grinding zone. Current energy consumption ЕDt (J) for period Dt (s) of work is calculated with taking into account coefficient gN (J/imp) and average (for the interval Dt) acoustic activity (imp/s). It is possible to maintain minimum energy consumption at the jet grinding by the snap-acting control of jets loading up to the level of the measured acoustic activity in the grinding zone, at which a “conditionally permanent” value of coefficient gN can be achieved. The results of acoustic evaluation of effective surface energy at optimal grinding mode correspond to the range of estimation gs in the regularity of the DSE destruction. This fact confirms validity of the dispersion theory (including the acoustic size effect) use for evaluating current energy consumption in the course of the jet mill operation.

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Shishkin, Evgenii A., and Aleksandr A. Smoliakov. "Assessing the explosion effect on rock mass pre-destruction." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1 (February 15, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2022-1-23-33.

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Introduction. Theoretical and empirical research into rock blasting proved that detonation wave propagation results in the development of destruction and pre-destruction zones around the explosive cavity. In the destruction zone, rock crushes. In the pre-destruction zone, stresses set up by the detonation wave are concentrated on rock mass structure defects, giving rise to new micro defects and the development of the existing ones. Rock fracturing and cavitation increase, lowering its strength properties; this is called rock pre-destruction. There are works devoted to the qualitative analysis of rock in the pre-destruction zone, but the problem requires elaboration to offer possibilities for practical application. Research aims to quantify rock mass pre-destruction to use the parameters of rock blasting by borehole charges under opencast mining in engineering calculations. Methods of research. To assess the degree of rock mass pre-destruction at a distance from the charge axis, a pre-destruction intensity coefficient is used. The destruction zone radius is determined by a well-known method. In the destruction zone, the value of the pre-destruction intensity coefficient is higher than one, i. e. there is discontinuity of the rock mass. Beyond the destruction zone, there is a pre-destruction zone where the value of the pre-destruction intensity coefficient is less than one. The pre-destruction zone boundary is at distances of the order of 200–250 charge radii. The pre-destruction intensity coefficient of a particular zone attained after all charges have been fired is determined by summing the pre-destruction intensity coefficient from every charge. According to the energy approach, rock strength can be assessed by the value of the specific drilling energy intensity. In order to determine the reduction value of the specific drilling energy intensity in a particular zone, it is essential to know the drilling specific energy capacity of this zone in the natural state, the pre-destruction intensity coefficient attained after a large-scale blast of borehole charges, and specific drilling energy intensity of completely disintegrated rock. The effect made by another borehole charge explosion on the rock mass is weaker due to its pre-destruction by previous blasts. So we propose the impact multiplicity coefficient that reflects the accumulation of pre-destruction in a particular zone under the sequence blasting of borehole charges. Results. The expected value of the specific drilling energy intensity has been calculated for the individual arbitrarily spaced wells within the pre-destruction zone of a particular rock mass zone. The calculation results were compared with the practical values measured during blasting preparation in the preset rock mass zone. Conclusions. The findings of this study have made it possible to quantify the impact of explosions on rock mass pre-destruction. The developed technique makes it possible to predict the value of drilling energy intensity in the pre-destruction zone and, as a result, establish the required specific energy intensity of detonation and hence the consumption of explosives. Thus, it becomes possible to reduce the consumption of explosives under the existing blasting scheme at the enterprise and model other charge initiation types to select the least expensive one.

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Cai, De Fa, Ting Wei Wang, and Chun Hui Ai. "Development of Low-Carbon Economy in Heilongjiang Province Tax Incentive Policy Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2683.

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Over the years, economic development in Heilongjiang province high energy dependence of heavy industrialization, the consumption structure is given priority to with high carbon energy resources, the demand of saving energy and reducing consumption of energy is growing fast, industrial production is mostly comes from the production of raw coal, crude oil and timber products, rather than the value of processing from the product itself. The development of heavy chemical industry relies on high energy consumption , inevitably lead to the ecological destruction, impeded the development of low-carbon economy. This paper analyzes the current finance and taxation policy of the crux of the development of low carbon economy, And puts forward the related countermeasure proposal.

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Wang, Jian Jun, Ya Jun Wang, and Chang Ying Guo. "Application of Numerical Simulation in Reinforcement of Caverns Underground by External Cross-Anchoring." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.835.

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In this paper, the responses of cavern underground reinforced by external cross-anchoring under blast loading were simulated by three-dimensional computational model made in software FLAC3D. It compared and supplementary analyzed the calculated displacement curves, the nephograms of maximum principal stress and destruction of cavern with that of model test, and analyzed the effect and mechanism of reinforced cable in this way comprehensively from deformation and destruction of surrounding rock outside, dynamic strain of cavern, energy absorption by anchor and energy consumption transferred through stress etc.

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Nazarenko, Ivan, Yevhen Mishchuk, Dmitry Mishchuk, Mykola Ruchynskyi, Ivan Rogovskii, Liudmyla Mikhailova, Liudmyla Titova, Mykola Berezovyi, and Ruslan Shatrov. "Determiantion of energy characteristics of material destruction in the crushing chamber of the vibration crusher." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 7(112) (August 31, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239292.

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The crushing equipment is characterized by a significant energy-consuming system during the crushing workflow. The current trend in the development of such processes puts forward requirements for the development of new or improvement of existing energy-saving equipment. The essence of the solution to the problem in this work is determined by using resonant modes, which are inherently the most effective. The practical implementation of the resonance mode has been achieved taking into account the conditions for the interaction of the resonant vibration crusher with the material at the stages of its destruction. The degree of the stress-strain state of the material is taken into account, which was a prerequisite for identifying the potential for the development of a vibration load. Composed equations of motion based on a substantiated discrete-continuous model of a vibration crusher and processing material. An approach is applied to determine the stepwise destruction of the material with the determination of the required degree of energy. This methodological approach made it possible to reveal the nature of the process of material destruction, where energy costs at the stages of crack formation, their development and final destruction are taken into account. It was revealed that the greatest energy consumption during the operation of crushers goes into the kinetic energy of the crushing plates and the potential energy of deformation of the springs. The proposed model is common for any design of a vibration machine and its operating modes. The stable resonance mode has made it possible to significantly reduce the energy consumption for the course of the technological process of material grinding. The results obtained are used to improve the calculation methods for vibratory jaw and cone crushers that implement the corresponding energy-saving stable zones of the working process.

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Razzaq, M. E. Abdur, J. U. Ahamed, and M. A. M. Hossain. "Effect of TiO2/MO Nano-lubricant on Energy and Exergy Savings of an Air Conditioner using Blends of R22/R600a." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 8283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.4.2020.06.0626.

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This experimental study determines the energetic and exergetic performances of an air conditioner using blend of R22/R600a (60:40 by mass) for different volume fractions (0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, and, 0.4 %) of TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed into mineral oil (MO). Energetic and exergetic parameters investigated in this experiment including power consumption, cooling effect, discharge pressure and temperature, coefficient of performance (COP), exergy destruction (irreversibility), irreversibility in the component, sustainability index (SI) and exergy efficiency at different operating conditions. The k-type thermocouples and pressure gauge were used to measure the temperature and pressure at different locations of the air conditioner. Thermodynamic characteristics of the refrigerant were collected using REFPROP 7. Results showed that the lowest power consumption and total exergy destruction were observed in the system with 0.4% volume fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles charge in the TiO2/MO lubricant with refrigerant blend; these values of energy consumption and total exergy destruction were 12.76 % and 7.5 % respectively, which is lower than R22/Polyol ester (POE) lubricant. The COP for the blend was increased by 6.5% to 8.3% compared to R22 and with nano-lubricant COP for the blend was increased by 17.9% to 19.9% compared to R22/POE. The air conditioner using blend charge with 0.4% TiO2/MO lubricant has the maximum COP and exergy efficiency among the selected nano-lubricants. These values of COP and exergy efficiency were 19.9 % and 35.07 % respectively, greater than that of R22/POE. Again, compressor discharge temperature was found to be decreased with the introduction of nano-lubricants compared to the original system, and the expectancy of compressor life may be extended with TiO2/MO nano-lubricant. Among the components, the compressor was found to be maximum exergy destroyer (at 60 %), followed by the condenser (at 25.4 %) and evaporator (at 13.3 %). Overall, the study found that refrigerant blend with nano-lubricant minimised the energy consumption and exergy destruction and the system operated safely with nano-lubricant without any system modification.

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8

Jalil, Zahraa Ali, Hafeth I. Naji, and Mohammed Shihab Mahmood. "Developing Sustainable Alternatives from Destroyed Buildings Waste for Reconstruction Projects." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091453.

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This paper examines the huge destruction that has taken place in some cities of Iraq due to the terrorist acts in recent years that led to the destruction of many buildings. It examines some of the factors that encourage the use of residues of these buildings in reconstruction processes, especially the sustainability factor, so that some residues of these buildings can be used as substitutes for natural building materials and find a difference in terms of energy consumption in the case of using natural building materials and again in the case of using the proposed alternatives. In this study, three alternatives were used: 10% recycled fine aggregates (RFA), 100% RFA, and crushed clay brick aggregate (CCBA) to produce recycled coarse aggregates. The results obtained through the use of building information modeling (BIM) technology were compared with the actual consumption of the building in the case of reconstruction using natural building materials. The simulation results were comparable to real data. They were analyzed in terms of the energy consumption life cycle and annual carbon emissions for each alternative. The best alternative was selected from the results obtained from BIM. The best alternative was found in the use of CCBA in the production of concrete roofs and floors. His final model is that the energy consumption was five times lower than the original unit, while the results of carbon emissions were equal as for the electricity consumption decreased from 23,500 kW/h to less than 23,000 kW/h.

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9

Khopunov, Eduard A. "Energy and power factors of selective destruction of ores." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-1-79-88.

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The aim of the work is to assess the factors that determine the effectiveness of devices used at different stages of ore processing. The nature of the destruction at each stage is determined by different parameters, therefore, it is so important to search for information factors that allow evaluating the response of mineral raw materials to external influences at the stages of ore preparation. The research methodology is based on the analysis of energy and power factors, which can be correlated both with the loading device and with the body being destroyed. Force factors characterize the response of a material to damaging effects, for example, the limiting amount of resistance to deformation is estimated by the force at which the destruction occurred. The results of the analysis of the role of energy and power factors are given on the example of a selfgrinding mill, a centrifugal crusher, and others. The effectiveness of the self-grinding mill is determined by the ratio of energy and power parameters in the processes of ore lumps kinetic energy conversion into the energy of elastic and breaking strains of the crushable (and crushing) material. It is shown that 88 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 1. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 the efficiency of centrifugal crushers is ensured by the high intensity of collisions of a multitude of particles, which initially possess excess kinetic energy. In devices such as a roller-press or a cone inertial crusher, the final phase of destruction is associated with volumetric deformation of the layer. This means that the final stages of destruction are completely determined by the structural and strength characteristics of the feedstock and its particle size distribution. The field of application of the presented results are technologies in which the liberation of minerals during ore destruction is considered as a process of structure transformation based on the principles of rational ore preparation. The properties of ores, energy and force factors are important informational parameters of the analysis and selection of methods of destruction during the liberation of minerals. Examples of successful and unsuccessful use of a roller press as a device for reducing the energy consumption for ore preparation are explained within the framework of ideas about the relationship between energy and power factors.

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Nikitin, A. G., A. R. Fastykovskii, M. E. Shabunov, N. M. Kurochkin, and I. A. Bazhenov. "Prospects for energy-saving methods of crushing brittle materials." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 6 (July 21, 2021): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-6-442-446.

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Crushing machines are part of the charge departments of blast-furnace and steel-making shops of metallurgical enterprises. One of the main indicator of the crushing process is its energy efficiency. It is determined by the mass of crushed material when consuming a unit of electricity. The article considers various methods of crushing brittle materials and the design of crushing machines for their implementation. The analysis of the crushers has shown that impact crushers are the most energy-efficient. However, due to a significant drawback (the yield of a suitable product is very small), they are practically not used in the metallurgical industry, in which high requirements are imposed on the finished product fractional composition. In the metallurgical industry, compression crushers are widely used with approximately the same specific energy intensity, that is, with the same energy consumption for the destruction of a unit volume of material of equal strength. Compression fracture is the most energy intensive crushing method known. In single-roll crushers, a piece of material is fed into the gap between a roll and a solid, stationary plate. During the operation a complex stress state is generated in the destructed material. Compressive forces act on a piece of crushed material, causing normal compressive stresses in it, and an internal torque, causing shear stresses. This is achieved by the reduction in energy on crushing by 20 – 30 % in comparison with crushers operating in compression (all other things are equal). The authors describe the design of a crusher, in which the destruction of the processed material occurs due to the forces acting on the crushed piece in one plane towards each other. In this case, only shear stresses arise in the processed piece. The use of crushers, in which the destruction of the processed material occurs due to generation of only tangential stresses in a piece, can reduce the energy consumption per unit of finished product by almost a half. The design of such crushers is a promising direction in the development of machines intended for crushing.

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11

Wu, Dian Fa, Ning Ling Wang, Peng Fu, and Sheng Wei Huang. "Exergy Analysis of Coal-Fired Power Plants in Two Cooling Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.101.

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The distribution of exergy destruction is different in power plant systems with water cooled condenser and air cooled condenser. A detailed comparison based on a conventional Rankine cycle with two different cooling configurations is carried out in this paper in an exergy perspective. The inefficiency of the overall systems is analyzed in the same amount of heat transfer capacity condition, it shows that the distribution of exergy destruction among components is similar in both conditions. And this study of energy consumption is benefit for realization of auto-efficient-working power plants in future.

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Nikitin, A. G., Yu A. Epifantsev, K. S. Medvedeva, and P. B. Gerike. "POWER ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF BRITTLE MATERIALS DESTRUCTION IN UNIVERSAL CRUSHING MACHINE WITH ROLL LOCKER." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-4-303-307.

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The processing of friable materials used in metallurgical industry for production of definite size classes requires operation of crushing machines, including single-roll machines. Parameters of crushing process are degree and efficiency of crushing. The crushing degree is estimated by the ratio of dimensions of the initial crushing and resulting pieces and depends on the size of gap between the roll and the fixed jaw. Crushing efficiency is determined by mass of material crushed by consumed electric energy unit, and depends mainly on strength of crushed material. In order to reduce energy consumption needed for crushing, a single-roll crusher was developed at Siberian State Industrial University with forced feeding of crushing piece into the fracture zone due to the locker located on the roll. Forces of technological resistance appearing during machine operation are the main initial values for machine drive power and structural elements strength testing, thus, the operation power analysis is an integral stage in the design of any machine, including a crushing one. In the present work, forces acting on a crushing piece from roll side and fixed jaw in vertical and horizontal planes are identified. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that internal compressive forces acting on piece of crushing material cause action of normal compressive stresses in a piece, as well as an internal torque eﬀect, which causes shearing stresses action, i.e. a complex stress state is generated in a fractioned piece with simultaneous action of normal and shearing stresses, under which action a fractioning piece is destroyed. Thus reduction in energy consumption for crushing is achieved, with all other conditions being equal. It reduces energy consumption of a single-roll crusher with forced feeding of material into the crushing zone.

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ZHU, Hailong, Qixiang HUANG, Yifan WU, Yurui LI, and Kechang REN. "Formation and destruction of striation plasmas in helium glow discharge at medium pressures." Plasma Science and Technology 24, no. 5 (April 13, 2022): 055406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ac496d.

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Abstract The striation plasmas are usually generated within a positive column of glow discharge, where rich and complex physical interactions are involved, especially, in the medium or high pressures. Along these lines, our work aims to thoroughly investigate the formation and destruction of helium striation plasmas at kPa level pressures. The characteristics of the helium striation plasmas, and especially the optical emission properties are explored. The emission lines of 706.52 nm and 391.44 nm related to the energetic electrons and the high-energy metastable helium atoms respectively, were focused on in this work. The formation of striation plasmas in a helium glow discharge, is mainly associated with the instability originating from the stepwise ionization of high-energy metastable state atoms, Maxwellization of the electron distribution functions and gas heating. Additionally, the destruction effect of helium striation plasmas is of great significance when a small amount of nitrogen or oxygen is mixed into the discharge plasmas. The reduction of the mean electron energy and the consumption of the high-energy metastable helium atoms are considered as the underlying reasons for the destruction of striation plasmas.

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14

Nadutyi, Volodymyr, Oleksandr Tytov, Dmytrii Kolosov, Vitalii Sukhariev, and Taras Usatyi. "Energy Analysis of Impact-Shear Interaction of Counter Flows of Ground Loose Material in Centrifugal Disintegrator." Mining Revue 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0023.

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Abstract The distribution of power consumption of centrifugal two-shaft disintegrator for impact and shear destruction of material as functions of its technological and structural parameters, as well as parameters of material being ground, has been substantiated. An analytical apparatus has been developed to determine the degree of influence of each factor. Factors affecting the absolute value of the consumed power of the disintegrator have also been established. The results of the work make it possible to optimize the technological process in order to reduce the yield of bream fragments of destruction, which is observed when the share of energy of shear deformations increases, in order to obtain cuboid fractions of disintegration products. They allow to create a methodology for determining the rational parameters of a centrifugal double-shaft disintegrator.

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Аtyaksheva, Аlexandra, Olga Rozhkova, Yermek Sarsikeyev, Anastassiya Atyaksheva, Marat Yermekov, Askar Smagulov, and Natalya Ryvkina. "Determination of rational parameters for heat treatment of concrete mixture based on a hollow aluminosilicate microsphere." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 6(115) (February 28, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.251004.

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The research on determining rational parameters of heat treatment of a concrete mixture based on hollow aluminosilicate microspheres has defined the features of the intensifying action on the structural concrete mixture by low-pressure steam with optimum heat and mass transfer. Optimum values of temperature, humidity and speed of the medium have been identified. The obtained heat treatment parameters are subject to general regularities of structures for the formation of hydraulic bindings and are in accordance with production conditions, thus providing possibilities for their adaptation into production. The mechanisms for determining the strength of concrete stone according to the structural and thermal effectiveness of the active medium have been defined. Thanks to the strength-building mechanisms obtained, it is possible to reduce the thermal destruction capacity of the system while reducing the process heat consumption. It is confirmed that the main direction in reducing the destructive capacity is determined by the mass flow of moisture, which has the greatest heat capacity and the least thermal conductivity at the initial stages. The invention relates to periods of temperature rise and isothermal heating without impairing the mechanical properties of concrete. It is shown that the real duration excludes high-temperature destruction processes, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of concrete and reducing the overall energy consumption. Thus, there is a reason to argue that it is possible to produce strong and light concrete products under accelerated structure formation and new technologies for heat treatment of concrete based on lightweight fillers with reduced heat consumption.

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Li, Yutao, Faning Dang, Mei Zhou, and Jie Ren. "Analysis of Fractal and Energy Consumption Characteristics of Concrete under Impact Loading." Geofluids 2021 (October 25, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2370363.

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In order to study the compressive deformation and energy evolution characteristics of concrete under dynamic loading, impact compression tests with impact velocities of 5, 6, and 7 m/s were carried out on concrete samples with aggregate volume ratios of 0, 32%, 37%, and 42%, respectively, using a split Hopkinson pressure bar test apparatus. The broken concrete pieces after destruction were collected and arranged. The fractal characteristics of fragmentation distribution of concrete specimens with different aggregate rates under impact were discussed, and the roughness of the fragment surface was characterized by the fractal dimension of the broken fragment and the crack surface energy was calculated. In addition, the analytical equation of the fractal dimension of the broken fragment and the crack surface energy was established. The relationship between the specimen energy absorption and the crack surface energy was compared and analyzed. The results show that the concrete specimens are mainly tensile split failure modes under different impact speeds. The fractal dimension, absorption energy, and crack surface energy all increase with the increase in impact speed and decrease with the increase in the aggregate rate. When the aggregate rate is different, the effective utilization rate of the absorbed energy is the largest when the aggregate content is 37%. The surface energy of the crack can be used to estimate the concrete dynamic intensity.

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Chowdhury, Shanjida, K. B. M. Rajibul Hasan, Mahfujur Rahman, K. M. Anwarul Islam, and Nurul Mohammad Zayed. "Causal Relationship Among Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Renewable Energy, Population and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study." Research in World Economy 11, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n6p196.

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Developing countries face environmental degradation crisis due to the consumption of nonrenewable energy for economic development induces ecological destruction. However, the consequences of environmental deterioration can no longer be overlooked. Using data from 1990 from 2018, this study scrutinized the long-run equilibrium along with the trend among consumption of renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions, Population, and economic growth in Bangladesh. This study reveals the significant cointegration of renewable energy with controlled variables using the ARDL bound test. Also, ECM with ARDL unrestricted version enables us to decide the speed of adjustment is 27.647% addressed for short-run elasticity in the long run. Stability and further diagnostic tests are performed for model post estimation and validation. Also, it needs further steps from the government side to promote renewable energy that boosts economic development.

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Nikitin, Aleksandr, Nikita Kurochkin, and Yonghui Yang. "Drive power calculation of a crushing machine working in shear." E3S Web of Conferences 330 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133002004.

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The description of crusher design is given, in which the destruction of the processed material occurs due to the forces acting on the crushed piece in the same plane towards each other, while in the processed piece only tangential stresses arise. It makes possible to reduce the energy consumption per unit of finished product by almost two times.

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Kravets, Svaytoslav, and Sergey Forsyuk. "Determination of kinematic and geometric parameters of multi-scraper chain trange excavators on the basis of the semi-blocked critical depth regime of soil cutting." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 95 (December 16, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.149.

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Trench excavators with a chain-scraper working body became widespread in the construction of linearly extended objects. Increasing workloads and rising energy prices call for optimizing the parameters of construction machinery. The most important component of the process of digging the soil with a chain-scraper working body is cutting the soil with scrapers (knives).When calculating the cutting forces, the working body is taken as a complex mechanical system of traction chains and transverse beams, on which in a certain order are arranged and fixed scrapers-knives with known angular parameters. Separation of chips from the soil is carried out by each scraper in the conditions of blocked, semi-blocked and free cutting of the soil. It should also be borne in mind the change in resistivity and energy consumption of soil cutting with a change in chip thickness. The minimum energy consumption of soil destruction takes place at a critical depth of cut. To reduce the energy consumption of the soil destruction process, a method of calculating the parameters of chain-scraper working bodies of trench excavators is proposed, which is based on critical depth cutting of soils. The initial data for the calculation are: technical productivity, m3 / h; maximum trench depth, m; trench width, m; physical and mechanical characteristics of soils (coefficient of adhesion, specific gravity, angles of internal and external friction). The proposed calculation method allows to determine the technological and geometric parameters of the chain-scraper working body with critical depth cutting of soils.

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Zwierzchowski, Ryszard, and Marcin Wołowicz. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage—Hot Water Tank for a Large CHP Plant in Poland." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 4842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184842.

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The paper contains a simplified energy and exergy analysis of pumps and pipelines system integrated with Thermal Energy Storage (TES). The analysis was performed for a combined heat and power plant (CHP) supplying heat to the District Heating System (DHS). The energy and exergy efficiency for the Block Part of the Siekierki CHP Plant in Warsaw was estimated. CHP Plant Siekierki is the largest CHP plant in Poland and the second largest in Europe. The energy and exergy analysis was executed for the three different values of ambient temperature. It is according to operation of the plant in different seasons: winter season (the lowest ambient temperature Tex = −20 °C, i.e., design point conditions), the intermediate season (average ambient temperature Tex = 1 °C), and summer (average ambient temperature Tex = 15 °C). The presented results of the analysis make it possible to identify the places of the greatest exergy destruction in the pumps and pipelines system with TES, and thus give the opportunity to take necessary improvement actions. Detailed results of the energy-exergy analysis show that both the energy consumption and the rate of exergy destruction in relation to the operation of the pumps and pipelines system of the CHP plant with TES for the tank charging and discharging processes are low.

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Menezes, Mylena Vieira Pinto, Icaro Figueiredo Vilasboas, and Julio Augusto Mendes da Silva. "Liquid Air Energy Storage System (LAES) Assisted by Cryogenic Air Rankine Cycle (ARC)." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082730.

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Energy storage plays a significant role in the rapid transition towards a higher share of renewable energy sources in the electricity generation sector. A liquid air energy storage system (LAES) is one of the most promising large-scale energy technologies presenting several advantages: high volumetric energy density, low storage losses, and an absence of geographical constraints. The disadvantages of LAES systems lay on the high investment cost, large-scale requirements, and low round-trip efficiency. This paper proposes a new configuration using an air Rankine cycle (ARC) to reduce the exergy destruction during heat-exchanging in the liquefaction process while reducing liquefaction power consumption. The addition of the ARC increases the round-trip efficiency of the LAES from 54.1% to 57.1%. Furthermore, the energy consumption per kg of liquid air drops 5.3% in comparison to the base case LAES system. The effects of compression, storage, and pumping pressure on the system performance are investigated by parametric analysis. The results from exergy analysis show that the overall exergy destruction is decreased by 2% and a higher yield of liquid air can be achieved. The results reveal that the increase in the yield of liquid air is more important to the overall efficiency than the power that is generated by the Rankine itself. From an economic viewpoint, the proposed system has a better economic performance than the base case LAES system, decreasing the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) by almost 2%. The proposed configuration may improve the performance and economic competitiveness of LAES systems.

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22

Khataee, A. "Application of central composite design for the optimization of photo-destruction of a textile dye using UV/S2O82- process." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0041-y.

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Application of central composite design for the optimization of photo-destruction of a textile dye using UV/S2O82- process The photooxidative destruction of C. I. Basic Red 46 (BR46) by UV/S2O82- process is presented. Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the effects of operational parameters on the photooxidative destruction efficiency. The variables investigated were the initial dye and S2O82- concentrations, reaction time and distance of the solution from UV lamp. The predicted values of the photodestruction efficiency were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values (R2 = 0.9810, Adjusted R2 = 0.9643). The results of the optimization predicted by the model showed that the maximum decolorization efficiency (>98%) was achieved at the optimum conditions of the reaction time 10 min, initial dye concentration 10 mg/l, initial peroxydisulfate concentration 1.5 mmol/l and distance of UV lamp from the solution 6 cm. The figure-of-merit electrical energy per order (EEo) was employed to estimate the electrical energy consumption and related treatment costs.

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23

Jovijari, Fakhrodin, Abbas Kosarineia, Mehdi Mehrpooya, and Nader Nabhani. "Advanced exergy analysis of the natural gas liquid recovery process." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210522311j.

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Energy quality in each country is one of the important indicators of economic development, Which affects the economic growth of that country. Exergy analysis, considering all flow properties including pressure, temperature, composition, is a powerful way to evaluate the energy consumption of equipment such as natural gas and liquefied gas plants. Inefficiency of a system can be defined by the conventional exergy analysis method, While, irreversible resources and real potentials for system improvement can only be identified by the advanced exergy analysis method. This analysis splits conventional exergy destruction into two exogenous and endogenous parts according to origin, and also unavoidable and avoidable parts according to the ability to remove and modifications. In this method, the exergy concept was separated by considering the ideal and avoidable condition assumptions. As a real case study, a natural gas liquid plant 800, from National Iranian South Oil Company located in southwest of Iran was considered to be investigated by conventional exergy analysis, advanced exergy analysis methods. The results of conventional exergy analysis illustrated that the highest amount of exergy destruction belonged to compressor and heat exchanger with 509.99 and 629.04 kW, respectively. However, in the case of heat exchanger, despite having the highest rate of exergy destruction, it is not considered in modification priorities due to its low avoidable exergy destruction value. Also, advanced exergy analysis suggested that the exergy destruction of the compressor and heat exchanger will be reduced by improving performance of these components.

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Arnaiz-del-Pozo, Carlos, Ignacio López-Paniagua, Alberto López-Grande, and Celina González-Fernández. "Optimum Expanded Fraction for an Industrial, Collins-Based Nitrogen Liquefaction Cycle." Entropy 22, no. 9 (August 30, 2020): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090959.

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Industrial nitrogen liquefaction cycles are based on the Collins topology but integrate variations. Several pressure levels with liquefaction to medium pressure and compressor–expander sets are common. The cycle must be designed aiming to minimise specific power consumption rather than to maximise liquid yield. For these reasons, conclusions of general studies cannot be extrapolated directly. This article calculates the optimal share of total compressed flow to be expanded in an industrial Collins-based cycle for nitrogen liquefaction. Simulations in Unisim Design R451 using Peng Robinson EOS for nitrogen resulted in 88% expanded flow, which is greater than the 75–80% for conventional Collins cycles with helium or other substances. Optimum specific compression work resulted 430.7 kWh/ton of liquid nitrogen. For some operating conditions, the relation between liquid yield and specific power consumption was counterintuitive: larger yield entailed larger consumption. Exergy analysis showed 40.3% exergy efficiency of the optimised process. The exergy destruction distribution and exergy flow across the cycle is provided. Approximately 40% of the 59.7% exergy destruction takes place in the cooling after compression. This exergy could be used for secondary applications such as industrial heating, energy storage or for lower temperature applications as heat conditioning.

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Ko, Dong Guk, Seung Jong Ko, Eun Kyung Choi, Sang Guen Min, Sang Hyub Oh, Jinsang Jung, Byung Moon Kim, and Ik-Tae Im. "Perfluorocarbon Destruction and Removal Efficiency: Considering the Byproducts and Energy Consumption of an Abatement System for Microelectronics Manufacturing." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 27, no. 4 (November 2014): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsm.2014.2362942.

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KOZLOV, Sergiy, Oleg TERENTIEV, and Mykola SERGIENKO. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF BLASTING WORKS IN THE QUARRY OF BUILDING MATERIALS." Geoengineering, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.5.2021.230625.

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The article is devoted to the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of blasting operations in open pits in conditions of high water saturation of minerals. The idea of solving this problem is to use the effect of draining the local area of the water-saturated block of the mineral due to the ordinal explosion of the well charge. The purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency of blasting operations on flooded fractured rocks in open pit mining. Research methodology. The proposed technique makes it possible to determine the parameters of drainage of the watered mass during the explosion of borehole charges and the parameters of an ordinal explosion. This makes it possible to improve the quality of rock crushing and reduce the consumption of explosives per unit cost. The main direction of research in this work is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of destruction of a water-saturated mineral by using the internal potential of water in the cracks of the massif destroyed by the explosion. The regularities and the role of the drainage funnel in the efficiency of destruction have been established. The novelty and originality of the work is a developed technology for removing water from the explosion zone, which increases the efficiency of explosion and destruction of rocks using special water-resistant explosives. The practical value of the work lies in the effectiveness of the proposed method for carrying out blasting operations, which, along with improving the quality of crushing, provides an increase in the output of blasted rock mass from one running meter of the well and reduces the cost of expensive water-resistant explosives. Conclusions. The introduction of research results and recommendations in open pits made it possible to increase the efficiency of blasting operations in the development of water-saturated rocks. Energy consumption for the destruction of an array of water-saturated minerals is reduced by 10%. The amount of blasted rock mass per running meter of the well increased by 14.1%, and the specific consumption of explosives decreased by (12-14) %. Keywords: quarry, minerals, well, filtration, water-saturated massif, crushing, explosive, detonation.

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Ye, Yong, Ming Yang Li, and Hai Ting Xing. "Technique of Instantaneous Ultrasonic Extraction and Reverse Osmosis Concentration on Polyphenols of Chinese Herbs." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2226.

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Polyphenol is a kind of active compound widely existed in many Chinese herbs, easily destroyed by oxygen and heat. Extraction and concentration are key steps to protect it from destruction, and the costly energy consumption steps in the process of herbs. In order to save energy and improve polyphenol quality, instantaneous ultrasonic extraction (IUE) and reverse osmosis (RO) concentration are evaluated in this paper. IUE and RO were used to extract polyphenol separately from herbs of Phyllantuus urinaria L, leaves of Camellia sinensis L and root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Gallic acid, EGCG and Tanshinol, the main components of polyphenols, were determined by HPLC. Their content and energy consumption were compared to that by same time water boiling (10min) or 60min ultrasonic extraction and vacuum concentration. IUE increased 1-3 times or 1-5 times polyphenol content and saved 1 or 6 times energy consumption more than the same time water boiling or 60min ultrasonic extraction. Compared with vacuum vaporization to the same solid matter content (15%), RO increased 2 times polyphennol content and consumed 1/10 times energy and 1/5 times time. Combination of IUE and RO shortens process time, significantly improves polyphenol quality and saves energy. It will be the beneficial method for polyphenol extraction and concentration of Chinese herbs.

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Радайкин, Олег, and Oleg Radaikin. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DIAGRAMS OF CONCRETE DEFORMATION ACCORDING TO THE CRITERION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR DEFORMATION AND DESTRUCTION." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 10 (November 7, 2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5db33945315bb4.76965991.

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From the point of view of strength calculations, it is convenient to describe concrete work under load by deformation diagrams "σ-ε" under uniaxial tension and compression. The result of the calculation depends on the shape of the corresponding diagram, the mathematical expression on which it is based and other factors. According to the author, the universal criterion for assessing the resistance of concrete to force impact is the energy consumption for deformation and destruction of the material. This criterion is calculated through a definite integral of the function σ=f (ε). Ten diagrams of concrete deformation under compression and four under tension from available and original literature sources are considered using this integral. Some qualitative and quantitative regularities are established. The following conclusion is made: compression diagrams can be recommended for further improvement of the nonlinear deformation mode: three-line, curvilinear; the stretching diagrams and are the most suitable for engineering calculations when using the considered model in its modern form.

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Benoudjafer Ibtissam, Benoudjafer Imane, and Laoufi Salima. "Techno-economic analysis and cost benefits of green walls for building in extreme climate. Case study southwest of Algeria." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 94, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.94.1.108119.

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Green roofs such as green roofs (GRs) and green walls (GWs) have been one of the greatest attentions of architects and designers. In arid regions it is necessary to plant vertically, when urbanization continued due to the destruction of green spaces, it became very difficult to plant horizontally. In this regard, the methodology followed consists in evaluating the thermal effects of vegetation on the facade and the roof, covered with plants specific to the hot and arid climate. Then, using a dynamic simulation with Energy plus, we can measure the thermal impact of these green properties on the facade applied in an existing building. With a technical-economic analysis, we obtained a reduction of the various energy consumption values; cost benefits for green walls, and even reduce the effect of co2 emissions. Finally, we can effectively improve the exterior surface temperature, the thermal comfort inside the houses with low energy consumption thanks to the green facade.

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Soylu, Özgür Bayram, Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, and Dervis Kirikkaleli. "The Imperativeness of Environmental Quality in China Amidst Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 5054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095054.

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It is widely accepted that CO2 emissions are the primary cause of climate change and environmental destruction. China, the world’s biggest carbon emitter, is the subject of this research. Utilizing the wavelet tools (wavelet correlation, wavelet coherence, multiple wavelet coherence, and partial wavelet coherence), the present study intends to capture the time-frequency dependence between CO2 emissions and renewable energy, economic growth, trade openness, and energy usage in China between 1965 and 2019. The advantage of the wavelet tools is that they can differentiate between short, medium, and long-run dynamics over the period of study. Furthermore, the study utilized the gradual shift causality test to capture the causal interconnection between CO2 emissions and the regressors. The findings from Bayer and Hanck showed a long-run relationship among the variables of interest. Furthermore, the findings from the wavelet coherence test revealed a positive relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth and energy usage at all frequencies. Although there is a weak negative relationship between renewable energy and CO2 emissions in the short run, there is no significant co-movement between CO2 emissions and trade openness. The outcomes of the partial and multiple wavelet coherence also give credence to the outcomes of the wavelet coherence test. Lastly, the gradual shift causality test revealed a one-way causality from energy usage and economic growth to CO2 emissions. Based on the findings, suitable policy suggestions were proposed.

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Angheluta, Sorin Petrica, Sorin Burlacu, Amelia Diaconu, and Cristina Stefania Curea. "The Energy from Renewable Sources in the European Union: Achieving the Goals." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p57.

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The existence and continuity of life on Earth is based on the existence of an ecological balance. Under the influence of pollution, the quality of the natural environment gradually degrades. Thus, pressures are exerted on the environment, including from energy production and consumption activities. The different phenomena of pollution, associated with the destruction of the environment, have made the sources of energy production diversified. Sustainable development can be achieved through the use of technologies that protect the environment. Within the electricity sector, energy from renewable sources has grown significantly in recent years. Energy production from Renewable energy reduces the use of fossil fuels, but also influences the process of reducing greenhouse gases. The article starts from the analysis of the current situation of renewable sources in the member countries of the European Union. With support of the comparative analysis of existing data at European level, the stage of achieving the European Union's objectives on renewable energy is presented. Also, comparative analyses of data on the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption are presented. Lack of emissions of pollutants, and the fact that they are inexhaustible, make, on the whole of electricity production, the share of renewable sources increases. Keyword: Renewable energy, European Union, electricity production

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Terziev, Nasko, Geoffrey Daniel, Grigori Torgovnikov, and Peter Vinden. "Effect of microwave treatment on the wood structure of Norway spruce and radiata pine." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 5616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5616-5626.

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Low permeability of many wood species causes problems during timber manufacturing, including long drying times, material losses after drying, and expensive drying processes. Impregnating low permeability timber with preservatives and resins is extremely difficult. In the pulp and paper industry, use of low permeability wood results in shallow chemical penetration, and it requires the use of small-sized chips, high chemical usage, and high-energy consumption. Microwave (MW) wood modification technology can provide solutions to many of these problems. The wood structural changes in Norway spruce and radiata pine after MW modification with 0.922 and 2.45 GHz of were investigated. High intensity MW application (specific MW power 22 to 25 W/cm3, applied energy 79 to 102 kWh/m3) to moist wood caused the following wood structural changes: pit opening and pit membrane rupture; middle lamella weakening and rupture; and ray cell wall destruction and check (voids) formation mainly in the radial-longitudinal plane caused by the destruction of rays and weak middle lamella regions. Microwave destruction of different wood structure elements provided a significant increase in wood permeability for liquids and gases. Knowledge of the effects of MW treatment to the wood structure elements allows assessment of opportunities for the use of microwave irradiation in wood technology.

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Silva, C. F. da, R. Z. Freire, and N. Mendes. "OPTIMIZATION APPLIED TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT OF BUILDINGS: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 17, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v17i2.64126.

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The world's energy demand has raised concerns about supply difficulties, depletion of natural resources and environmental impacts such as destruction of ozone layer, global warming, climate change, among others. Recent studies indicate that energy consumption in buildings represents more than 40% of the world's energy consumption, with more than half of that attributed to air conditioning systems. Specific regulations and control strategies for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems should provide acceptable thermal comfort and reasonable indoor air quality. The evolution of researches in these areas can be evaluated by the organization of scientific production up to now. The objective of this study is to analyze quantitatively what was produced in terms of optimization associated to both energy savings and thermal comfort in buildings. This bibliometric analysis, based on Science Direct and IEEE Xplore databases, correlates common adopted terms to quantify how optimization, especially those associated to computational intelligence, are influencing building projects where thermal comfort and energy saving are taken into account. This research assumes a sample of 76 articles, and provided a statistical evaluation considering authors identification, and both articles and journals that were more cited by researchers in this area.

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Rehman, Ali, Muhammad Abdul Qyyum, Ashfaq Ahmad, Saad Nawaz, Moonyong Lee, and Li Wang. "Performance Enhancement of Nitrogen Dual Expander and Single Mixed Refrigerant LNG Processes Using Jaya Optimization Approach." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123278.

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The nitrogen (N2) expander and single mixed refrigerant (SMR) liquefaction processes are recognized as the most favorable options to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) at small-scale and offshore sites. These processes have a simple and compact design that make them efficient with respect to their capital costs. Nevertheless, huge operating costs, mainly due to their lower energy efficiency, remains an ongoing issue. Utilization of design variables having non-optimal values is the primary cause for the lower energy efficiency; which, in turn, leads to exergy destruction (i.e., entropy generation), and ultimately the overall energy consumption is increased. The optimal execution of the design variables of LNG processes can be obtained through effective design optimization. However, the complex and highly non-linear interactions between design variables (refrigerant flowrates and operating pressures) and objective function (overall energy consumption) make the design optimization a difficult and challenging task. In this context, this study examines a new optimization algorithm, named “Jaya”, to reduce the operating costs of nitrogen dual expander and SMR LNG processes. The Jaya approach is an algorithm-specific parameter-less optimization methodology. It was found that by using the Jaya algorithm, the energy efficiency of the SMR process and nitrogen dual expander natural gas (NG) liquefaction process can be enhanced up to 14.3% and 11.6%, respectively, as compared to their respective base cases. Using the Jaya approach, significant improved results were observed even compared to other previously used optimization approaches for design optimization. Results of conventional exergy analysis revealed that the exergy destruction of SMR and N2 dual expander process can be reduced by 17.4% and 14%, respectively. Moreover, economic analysis identified the 13.3% and 11.6% relative operating costs savings for SMR and N2 dual expander LNG processes, respectively.

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Guo, Rong, Shao Wei Zhao, and Kun Liu. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Strengthening Joints in Light Steel Adding Storey." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1480.

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In order to acquire the seismic performance of three different types of nodes between the concrete frame and the light steel adding storey, the pseudo-static tests were carried out to analyse contrastively these specimens’ failure modes, stiffness degradation, hysteretic curves and energy dissipation. The test results showed that : Three nodes’ destruction were due to the plastic hinges emerging at the end of beam; both encased steel and carbon fiber strengthening method can improve the seismic behavior, and in terms of the ultimate bearing capacity, energy consumption ability，the encased steel strengthening one can improved more significantly, and the encased steel one can effectively slow down the speed of stiffness degradation.

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Ekici, Selcuk, Yasin Sohret, Kahraman Coban, Onder Altuntas, and T. Hikmet Karakoc. "Sustainability Metrics of a Small Scale Turbojet Engine." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 35, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0036.

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Abstract Over the last decade, sustainable energy consumption has attracted the attention of scientists and researchers. The current paper presents sustainability indicators of a small scale turbojet engine, operated on micro-aerial vehicles, for discussion of the sustainable development of the aviation industry from a different perspective. Experimental data was obtained from an engine at full power load and utilized to conduct an exergy-based sustainability analysis. Exergy efficiency, waste exergy ratio, recoverable exergy ratio, environmental effect factor, exergy destruction factor and exergetic sustainability index are evaluated as exergetic sustainability indicators of the turbojet engine under investigation in the current study. The exergy efficiency of the small scale turbojet engine is calculated as 27.25 % whereas the waste exergy ratio, the exergy destruction factor and the sustainability index of the engine are found to be 0.9756, 0.5466 and 0.2793, respectively.

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Yusuf, Faiza Ali, Faradiella Mohd Kusin, and Sunday Yusuf Kpalo. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Charcoal Consumption among Households in Sanaag Province, North-Eastern Somalia." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042084.

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Charcoal consumption is prevalent in the Sanaag province of North-Eastern Somalia amidst the energy crisis, leading to destruction of the fragile environment and negative impacts on citizen’s health. This study seeks to evaluate charcoal consumption trends among households. The objectives were to assess the households’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding charcoal consumption, and to determine the association of knowledge and attitude with practices. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to 343 households who were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS. Findings showed that 79.3% of the respondents have a good level of knowledge, 63.6% have fair level of attitude, and a fair level of practice was displayed by 77.3%. A significant association was found of charcoal consumption practices with knowledge, but not with attitude. Results also suggest that good knowledge does not necessarily translate into good practice. Improving knowledge and attitude through appropriate intervention programs or policies can ensure sustainable charcoal consumption practice. This study is a substantial contribution to the literature on KAP relating to charcoal consumption among households in Somalia.

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Hasan, Bassam, Sameer Alani, and Mohammed Ayad Saad. "Secured node detection technique based on artificial neural network for wireless sensor network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp536-544.

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The wireless sensor network is becoming the most popular network in the last recent years as it can measure the environmental conditions and send them to process purposes. Many vital challenges face the deployment of WSNs such as energy consumption and security issues. Various attacks could be subjects against WSNs and cause damage either in the stability of communication or in the destruction of the sensitive data. Thus, the demands of intrusion detection-based energy-efficient techniques rise dramatically as the network deployment becomes vast and complicated. Qualnet simulation is used to measure the performance of the networks. This paper aims to optimize the energy-based intrusion detection technique using the artificial neural network by using MATLAB Simulink. The results show how the optimized method based on the biological nervous systems improves intrusion detection in WSN. In addition to that, the unsecured nodes are affected the network performance negatively and trouble its behavior. The regress analysis for both methods detects the variations when all nodes are secured and when some are unsecured. Thus, Node detection based on packet delivery ratio and energy consumption could efficiently be implemented in an artificial neural network.

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Kavoosi, Allah Bakhsh, Shahin Heidari, and Hamed Mazaherian. "The impact of technology on architecture in Iran with focus on saving in energy consumption." Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (December 5, 2015): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1610.

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Growth and development of technology caused enormous transformation and change in the world after Industrial Revolution. The contemporary human has prepared the platform for their realization in many activities that the humans were unable to do it in the past time and struck the dream of their realization in their mind so that today doing many of those activities have been apparently practical by human. This accelerating growth accompanied with consuming a lot of energy where with respect to restriction of the given existing resources, it created energy crises. On the other hand, along with growth in industry and requirement for manpower and immigration from village to city and basic architectural changes in houses, which have emerged due to change in social structure it has led to change in lifestyle and type and quantity of consuming energy in contemporary architecture. Inter alia, with increase in human’s capability, cooling and heating and acoustic and lighting technologies were also changed in architecture and using mechanical system was replaced by traditional systems. Application of modern systems, which resulted from growth of industry and development of technology and it unfortunately, caused further manipulation in nature and destruction of it by human in addition to improving capability and potential of human’s creativity. With respect to growth of population and further need for housing and tendency to the dependent heating and cooling systems to them in this article we may notice that the housing is assumed as the greatest consumer of energy to create balance among the exterior and interior spaces in line with creating welfare conditions for heating and cooling and lighting. The tables of energy demand prediction in Iran show that these costs and energy consumption will be dubbed with energy control smart management in architecture.

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Swaminathan, Srividhya, Suresh Sankaranarayanan, Sergei Kozlov, and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues. "Compression-Aware Aggregation and Energy-Aware Routing in IoT–Fog-Enabled Forest Environment." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 4591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134591.

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Forest fire monitoring is very much needed for protecting the forest from any kind of disaster or anomaly leading to the destruction of the forest. Now, with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT), a good amount of research has been done on energy consumption, coverage, and other issues. These works did not focus on forest fire management. The IoT-enabled environment is made up of low power lossy networks (LLNs). For improving the performance of routing protocol in forest fire management, energy-efficient routing protocol for low power lossy networks (E-RPL) was developed where residual power was used as an objective function towards calculating the rank of the parent node to form the destination-oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG). The challenge in E-RPL is the scalability of the network resulting in a long end-to-end delay and less packet delivery. Additionally, the energy of sensor nodes increased with different transmission range. So, for obviating the above-mentioned drawbacks in E-RPL, compressed data aggregation and energy-based RPL routing (CAA-ERPL) is proposed. The CAA-ERPL is compared with E-RPL, and the performance is analyzed resulting in reduced packet transfer delay, less energy consumption, and increased packet delivery ratio for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 nodes. This has been evaluated using a Contiki Cooja simulator.

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41

Varlamov, A., V. Gavrilov, and A. Davydova. "DESTRUCTION MODEL OF IDEALIZED CONCRETE STRUCTURE BY SAWING." Construction Materials and Products 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-2-46-54.

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the requirements of modern construction are the strength of building structures, as well as low cost. It is these conditions that provide new technologies that are constantly being improved. The article is devoted to the consideration of cases of a probabilistic approach to solving the problem of theoretical energy consumption for the destruction of concrete of ideal structure. The processes of concrete deformation and its destruction are studied by building mechanics. Concrete is a multicomponent material, which presents a certain difficulty in the study of crack formation. In operating conditions, the concrete/reinforced concrete structure is affected by the properties of its constituent materials; therefore, one of the most important tasks is the selection of criteria that can comprehensively characterize the basic parameters of concrete. Obtaining the strength characteristics of concrete of operated structures remains an urgent task. The article proposes to consider the ideal structure of concrete. The features of this structure are the symmetry of fracture along two principal planes. The destruction of concrete was carried out by sawing individual strips of concrete. Moreover, to describe the sawing process, the authors proposed a model of a symmetric structure of concrete in which aggregate grains are idealized. They are presented in the form of balls in the body of concrete. The features of the sawing process are revealed. The analytical dependencies of fracture sawing the ideal structure of concrete are obtained. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using the ideal model for obtaining the strength characteristics of concrete. The analysis of symmetrical ideal concrete compositions with various variables is performed. The significance of the work done lies in the possibility of transferring the research results to real buildings and structures and solving the main tasks that are posed in the study

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42

Xue, Li, Chen Huichao, and Liang Xiao. "Study on Remediation of Hexachlorobenzene Contaminated Soil by Mechanochemical Method." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301118.

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The mechanochemical method is a potential way to destroy pollutants such as heavy metals and organic compounds due to its advantages such as complete reaction, adaptation of various pollutants and low energy consumption, etc. Research work was conducted to investigate the feasibility of remediating the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contaminated soil and how the parameters influence the destruction of the pollutants. In the study, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was used as a presentative of the POPs in soil. Natural minerals such as albite and magnetite were selected as additives to treat HCB contaminated soil with the application of mechanochemical method. The reasonable operation parameters as well as the soil properties on the destruction of HCB were determined. Analysis such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectrometer were conducted for the supplement of mechanism study. A degradation rate of 92.5% for HCB was achieved under the optimal reaction condition. According to the XPS analysis results, the transformed valence state of iron, provided electrons for the destruction of HCB, on the basis of specific structure of albite. The amorphous carbon and graphite carbon were the final products of the destruction of HCB in the process of ball milling. The selected reagents with albite and magnetite would be viable for the damage of other POPs by mechanochemical method.

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43

Mishra, Punit, Shubham Soni, and Govind Maheshwari. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Split Air Conditioner Using Energy and Exergy Viewpoint with Low GWP Refrigerants Alternative to R410A." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901141.

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In this paper, a comparative thermodynamic analysis on energy and exergy viewpoint is done on different low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants to find the possible alternative of high GWP refrigerant R410A. R410A is used nowadays in air conditioning systems due to its ozone-friendly characteristic as zero ozone depletion potential (ODP=0) but it has high GWP (GWP=1924) that leads to global warming. Now a day’s global warming is considered to be one of the critical aspects when environmental protection is taken into consideration and researchers from every corner of the globe are working to find refrigerants that not only have zero ODP but it has low GWP too. In this analysis, four prospect refrigerants namely R32, R447A, R447B, and R452B have been studied to find their suitability to replace R410A on different performance criteria as the coefficient of performance (COP), power consumption, exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction. Thermodynamic properties of the studied refrigerants have been taken from the Genetron Properties 1.4 software. The result indicates that all the studied refrigerants have better performance characteristics compared to R410A but R447A has maximum COP and exergy efficiency along with the least total exergy destruction that makes it a possible alternate of R410A.

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44

Motevali, Ali, Hassan Jafari, and Jafar Hashemi. "Effect of IR intensity and air temperature on exergy and energy at hybrid infrared-hot air dryer." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 24, no. 1 (2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq170123015m.

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The present study analyses energy and exergy consumption for drying dog-rose flowers using a hybrid infrared and hot-air dryer at three IR (Infrared) radiation levels, three airflow velocities, and three drying temperatures. Results showed that energy and exergy efficiencies sharply increased at the beginning of the drying process. Energy loss, exergy destruction and exergy loss increased with increasing IR radiation, rise in the incoming air's temperature, and decrease of the airflow velocity. The average of lowest energy and exergy efficiencies were 5.76 and 3.98%, respectively, observed at the air temperature of 40?C using an IR radiation of 0.22 W/cm2 and an airflow velocity of 1 m/s. The average of highest energy and exergy efficiency values were 49.92 and 23.65%, respectively, observed at the beginning of the drying process at 60?C using 0.49 W/cm2 IR radiation and an airflow velocity of 0.4 m/s.

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45

von Spakovsky, M. R., and E. S. Geskin. "Application of the First and Second Laws to Fuel Minimization in a Batch Furnace." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795039.

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This paper presents results for the minimization of fuel consumption in a batch furnace. Several different criteria are used and minimized with respect to time-dependent process and control variables. As would be expected, the results show that globally there is no significant difference between the solutions found (i.e., the same minimum fuel consumption results) when the choice of criterion is either energy, exergy, exergy destruction, entropy creation of the system and entropy creation of the system plus environment. However, the specific details or local results of each solution (i.e., the heating strategies) are, in fact, quite different. These differences cannot simply be attributed to numerical error (round-off and truncation). What they show is that multiple optimum strategies satisfy the same global optimum. The advantage of one over the other may simply be that from a practical standpoint some are easier to implement than others. Nonetheless, regardless of the strategy used, employing an optimum one raises the possibility of significant reductions in overall fuel consumption in these and other types of furnaces.

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46

Eydner, Matthias, Lu Wan, Tobias Henzler, and Konstantinos Stergiaropoulos. "Real-Time Grid Signal-Based Energy Flexibility of Heating Generation: A Methodology for Optimal Scheduling of Stratified Storage Tanks." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051793.

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Heat pumps coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) systems are seen as a promising technology for load management that can be used to shift peak loads to off-peak hours. Most of the existing model predictive control (MPC) studies on tariff-based load shifting deploying hot water tanks use simplified tank models. In this study, an MPC framework that accounts for transient thermal behavior (i.e., mixing and stratification) by applying energy (EMPC) and exergy (XMPC) analysis is proposed. A case study for an office building equipped with an air handling unit (AHU) revealed that the MPC strategy had a high load-shifting capacity: over 80% of the energy consumption took place during off-peak hours when there was an electricity surplus in the grid. An analysis of a typical day showed that the XMPC method was able to provide more appropriate stratification within the TES for all load characteristics. An annual exergy analysis demonstrated that, during cold months, energy degradation in the TES is mainly caused by exergy destruction due to irreversibility, while, during the transition to milder months, exergy loss dominates. Compared to the EMPC approach, the XMPC strategy achieves additional reductions of 18% in annual electricity consumption, 13% in operating costs, and almost 17% in emissions.

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47

PASEK, ARI D., and ARYADI SUWONO. "APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON BASED REFRIGERANTS FOR AIR CONDITIONING IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 19, no. 04 (December 2011): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251100065x.

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Electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems reaches 60% to 70% of the total electric energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, saving electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems would have a significant impact on the national electrical energy consumption. Currently, the air conditioning sectors were having a dilemma on finding the alternative substitutes for CFC and HCFC refrigerants which are proven to cause destruction of the ozone layer and contribute to the effects of global warming. This paper will discuss the problems faced by an Article 5 country similar to Indonesia in phasing-out HCFC especially in air conditioning and refrigeration sectors. This paper will also discuss the possibility to use hydrocarbon-based refrigerants, which have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP), in air conditioning sectors. Some results of field applications of this refrigerant will be reported, and in general it can be concluded that the air conditioning retrofitted with hydrocarbon refrigerant consumes 10%–20% less electrical energy. Mixture of R-290 and R-134a was also investigated. R-134a is used to reduce the flammability of R-290 and to make the saturation pressure close to R-22. The results show that at composition of 0.6 R-290/0.4 R-134a mole fractions, the mixture behave as an azeotrope refrigerant mixture and can be used for R-22 replacement. At this composition, lower flammability limit (LEL) is 3693%, which is higher than pure R-290. Hence, the refrigerant mixture can be classified as less flammable A2 class refrigerant. The performance test shows that the refrigerant mixture can be used as a drop-in refrigerant in the R-22 machine. The measurement of refrigeration capacity and compressor input work at the same chilled water temperature shows that the calculated COP of the refrigerant mixture is better than R-22's but lower than R-290's.

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48

Fatahian, Esmaeel, Navid Tonekaboni, and Hossein Fatahian. "Exergy analysis of combined cycle of gas turbine and solid oxide fuel cell in different compression ratios." International Journal of Scientific World 4, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v4i2.6520.

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Due to the growing trend of energy consumption in the world uses of methods and new energy production systems with high efficiency and low emissions have been prioritized. Today, with the development of different systems of energy production, different techniques such as the use of solar energy, wind energy, fuel cells, micro turbines and diesel generators in cogeneration have been considered, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Having a reliable energy generation system, inexpensive and availability the use of fuel cells as a major candidate has been introduced. Fuel cells converting chemical energy to electrical energy that today are one as a new technology in energy production are considered. In this paper fuel cell compression ratios 4, 4.1 and 4.2 at an ambient temperature of 298 K have been simulated and ultimately optimum ratio 4.1 for modeling has been selected. All components of cycle, including the stack of fuel cell, combustion chamber, air compressors, recuperator and gas turbine was evaluated from the viewpoint of exergy and exergy destruction rate was calculated by EES software.

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49

Isonkin, A., A. Osipov, and A. Matviichuk. "Estimation of the efficiency of destroying hard rocks by composites sintered in the diamond-carbonate system." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 64 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/64.043.

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The purpose of this work is to substantiate the possibility of using a new composite sintered in the "diamond-carbonate" system for equippingdiamond drilling tools with high wear resistance and efficiency of rock destruction. The research technique consisted in establishing the influence of the wear resistance of the cutting edge of the samplesof a superhard composite diamond-containing material on the efficiency of rock destruction, assessed by the granulometric composition of its sludge. Research results. The two-phase superhard composite materials diamond – CaMg(CO3)2 and diamond – SrCO3 were obtained as a result of sintering by the method of impregnation of diamond micropowder with carbonate melts under conditions of a high pressure of 8.0 GPa and a temperature of 2100 °C. Wear resistance of the investigated composite sampleswas determined by based on the results of turning the core of granite from the Korostyshevskoye deposit of the X category of drilling. Determination of the size and shape of particles of granite fragments of the Korostyshevskoye deposit, taken during its destruction was carried out by laser diffraction and digital image analysis using a Microtrac Sync analyzer.The relationship between the degree of its wear of the cutting edge of composite samplesand the energy consumption of rock destruction, the size distribution of particles in the cuttings sample and their specific surface was established after analyzing the results of the study of wear resistance and the nature of their wear. Plates of the diamond–CaMg(CO3)2 composite, which have a higher wear resistance compared to other composites, are characterized by an increase in the proportion of large particles in the cuttings sample and a decrease in the value of their specific surface, which indicates a more rational use of energy, which goes to a greater extent for destruction rock and to a lesser extent for friction and wear. Practical value. The research results allow us to make a conclusion about the advisability of equipping a drilling rock cutting tool with samplesof a diamond–CaMg(CO3)2 composite in order to increase its wear resistance and the efficiency of rock destruction.

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Tang, Xingwang, Qin Guo, Ming Li, and Mingzhe Jiang. "Heating Performance Characteristics of an Electric Vehicle Heat Pump Air Conditioning System Based on Exergy Analysis." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112868.

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In this paper, a heat pump air conditioning system (HPACS) with refrigerant R134a based on the functional requirements of battery electric vehicle is designed and tested. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different ambient temperature, air flow rate of internal condenser, expansion valve (EXV) opening and compressor speed. The results demonstrate that air flow rate of internal condenser, EXV opening and compressor speed have important impact on heating capacity, compressor power consumption and coefficient of performance (COP) under several ambient temperatures. To verify the HPACS can also provide the heating capacity required by the battery electric vehicle cabin in cold climate, the system was also tested under a −5 °C ambient temperature, it was found that the heating capacity is 3.6 kW and the COP is 3.2, demonstrating that the system has high energy efficiency. In addition, heating process analysis of the HPACS under lower temperature is studied by exergy principle. The results indicate that compressor is the highest exergy destruction in all components, accounting for 55%. The percentage of exergy destruction in other components is about 28%, 12% and 5% for the expansive valve, condenser, and evaporator. Furthermore, air flow rate of internal condenser, ambient temperature and expansion valve opening have important impact on exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the HPACS.

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