Дисертації з теми "Energy benchmarks"
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Obrart, Alan. "Energy reduction in tertiary education buildings: establishing functional area energy consumption benchmarks using the LLO tool." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15729.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Caroline. "Establishing energy benchmarks for commercial buildings in the City of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11515.
Повний текст джерелаOsmar, Jerri Lynn Amos. "Using alternative energy concepts and hands-on activities to teach physics benchmarks and increase student motivation thermodynamics, optics and electricity /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерелаTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 29, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 378-380). Also issued in print.
Gonzalez, Hernandez Ana. "Site-level resource efficiency analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284771.
Повний текст джерелаSchmid, Moura Miguel. "Impact of Filtration on Energy Contract Valuation." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05609615001/$FILE/05609615001.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNoureddine, Adel. "Towards a better understanding of the energy consumption of software systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10009/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the rise of the usage of computers and mobile devices, and the higher price of electricity, energy management of software has become a necessity for sustainable software, devices and IT services. Energy consumption in IT is rising through the rise of web and distributed services, cloud computing, or mobile devices. However, these approaches do not use proper energy information for their adaptations rendering themselves limited and not energy-aware. They do not provide an energy feedback of software, and limited information is available on how and where energy is spend in software code. To address these shortcomings, we present, in this thesis, energy models, approaches and tools in order to accurately estimate the energy consumption of software at the application level, at the code level, and for inferring energy evolution models based on the method's own input parameters. We also propose Jalen and Jalen Unit, energy frameworks for estimating how much energy each portion of code consumes, and for inferring energy evolution models based on empirical benchmarking of software methods. By using software estimations and energy models, we are able to provide accurate energy information without the need of power meters or hardware energy investment. The energy information we provide also gives energy management approaches direct and accurate energy measurements for their adaptations and optimizations. Provided energy information also draws a model of energy consumption evolution of software based on the values of their input parameters. This gives developers knowledge on energy efficiency in software leading to choose some code over others based on their energy performance
Meyer, Katharina. "Carboxylic Acids Under Vibrational Scrutiny: Experimental Reference Data to Benchmark Quantum Chemical Calculations." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-14BA-3.
Повний текст джерелаFarrou, Ifigenia. "Investigation of energy performance and climate change adaptation strategies of hotels in Greece." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8137.
Повний текст джерелаRamlakan, Alastair Justin. "Modelling of fission product release from TRISO fuel during accident conditions : benchmark code comparison / Ramlakan A." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7299.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
Ertl, Felix. "Exergoeconomic Analysis and Benchmark of a Solar Power Tower with Open Air Receiver Technology." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101320.
Повний текст джерелаBessa, Iury Valente de. "Esquema de detecção e diagnóstico de falhas baseado em dados para Benchmark de Turbina Eólica." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4884.
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This paper investigates a new scheme for fault detection and isolation based on time series and data analysis. This scheme is applied in a wind turbine model and illustrates the power of the proposed approach in the context of renewable energy. The proposed scheme is performed in two steps and it is based on process data without using any kind of mathematical modeling. The first step, the fault detection, is based on an alternative method based on the Gibbs sampling algorithm in which the occurrence of a sensor fault is modeled as a change point detection in a time series. The second step, the fault isolation, is handled via a Fuzzy/Bayesian network scheme classifying the kind of fault. This approach presented a good performance for detection and diagnostics of sensor faults in a standard wind turbine benchmark. In addition, this work presents proposals for research extension with enhancements of the fault detection and isolation system and formulation of fault tolerant control system.
Esse trabalho apresenta um novo esquema para detecção e isolamento de falhas baseado na análise de séries temporais e dados do processo. A metodologia é aplicada a um modelo de turbina eólica, e ilustra o potencial da abordagem proposta no contexto de energia renovável. A estratégia proposta é realizada em duas etapas e se baseia apenas em dados do processo sem o uso de qualquer tipo de modelo matemático do sistema. O primeiro passo, a detecção de falha, é realizado com base em amostragem de Gibbs, no qual a ocorrêcia de uma falha, seja ela num sensor, num atuador ou na planta, é modelada como uma detecção de novidades em séries temporais. O segundo passo, é o isolamento de falhas, realizado por meio de redes fuzzy/Bayesianas capazes de classificar cada tipo de falha de forma isolada ou simultânea. A abordagem proposta apresentou bons resultados para detecção e diagnóstico de falhas em sensores num benchmark padrão de turbina eólica. O trabalho ainda apresenta propostas de extensão da pesquisa com melhorias no sistema de detecção e isolamento de falhas e formulação de sistemas de controle tolerante a falhas também baseados em dados.
Lashkari-Bod, Abdullah [Verfasser], and Claus P. W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Zebitz. "Functional larval-parasitoid biodiversity in apple orchards as benchmark for management intensity and potential instrument for ecological amelioration of Iranian apple production / Abdullah Lashkari-Bod ; Betreuer: Claus P. W. Zebitz." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1183790260/34.
Повний текст джерелаSmit, Jacobus Johannes. "The carbon footprint of the South African Police Service as a benchmark for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and improvement of energy efficiency and the identification and elimination of barriers in these processes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80786.
Повний текст джерелаThe world as we know it is in a warming cycle. The rate of warming is being exacerbated by human activity; more specifically, the burning of fossil fuels to power expanding economies. Awareness that something must be done before a catastrophic point of no return is reached, has become more urgent. Before any strategies can be developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the levels must be accurately measured to provide a benchmark and to determine reduction targets. The determination of an organisation’s carbon footprint is thus the starting point of the whole process. When the carbon footprint is known, various strategies can be implemented to reduce the carbon footprint. South Africa is classified as a developing country and is not required to comply with greenhouse gas reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. This may change at any time in the future and it is therefore necessary to be ready when targets become compulsory. The general public is not knowledgeable about global warming. All of these factors need to change to provide impetus to reduction strategies. The South African Police Service (SAPS) is one of the largest government departments and is situated in nearly every town in South Africa. The SAPS is thus in a position to provide leadership in government and in communities on issues like global warming. The carbon footprint of the SAPS has been calculated as prescribed by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (2011). As a service organisation, the SAPS does not have industrial processes that may be the source of large quantities of greenhouse gases. In this research study, Scope 1 and scope 2 emissions were calculated and possible mitigation options are proposed. A survey conducted among a specific target group has indicated a general understanding of the concept of climate change. The respondents have difficulty in establishing a connection between climate change and increased crime levels. Behavioural change and education are necessary to promote a culture of energy efficiency and a reduction of greenhouse gases. Leadership is seen as an inhibiting factor, as top management does not consider global warming to be an influencing factor on crime levels. Government must provide strong leadership and formulate climate change strategies. Funding can be generated with carbon tax and emissions trading. On departmental level the energy efficiency of buildings can be improved and alternative fuels for vehicles be used.
Sue, Langford Phillip. "Modelling of tsunami generated by submarine landslides." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1211.
Повний текст джерелаTeng, Sin Yong. "Intelligent Energy-Savings and Process Improvement Strategies in Energy-Intensive Industries." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433427.
Повний текст джерелаNetzer, Gilbert. "Efficient LU Factorization for Texas Instruments Keystone Architecture Digital Signal Processors." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170445.
Повний текст джерелаEnergiförbrukningen av storskaliga högpresterande datorsystem (HPC) har blivit ett av de främsta problemen för såväl ägare av dessa system som datortillverkare. Det har lett till ett förnyat intresse för alternativa datorarkitekturer som kan vara betydligt mer effektiva ur energiförbrukningssynpunkt. För detaljerade analyser av prestanda och energiförbrukning av dessa för HPC-industrin nya arkitekturer krävs väloptimerade implementationer av standard HPC-bänkmärkningsproblem. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att tillhandhålla ett sådant högkvalitativt verktyg i form av en implementation av ett bänkmärkesprogram för LU-faktorisering för den åttakärniga digitala signalprocessorn (DSP) TMS320C6678 från Texas Instruments. Bänkmärkningsproblemet är samma som för det inom HPC-industrin välkända bänkmärket “high-performance LINPACK” (HPL). Den här presenterade implementationen nådde upp till en prestanda av 30,9 GF/s vid 1,25 GHz klockfrekvens genom att samtidigt använda alla åtta kärnor i DSP:n. Detta motsvarar 77% av den teoretiskt uppnåbara prestandan, vilket är jämförbart med förväntningar på effektivteten av mer traditionella x86-baserade system. En detaljerad prestandaanalys visar att detta tillstor del uppnås genom den högoptimerade implementationen av den ingående matris-matris-multiplikationen. Användandet av specialiserade “direct memory access” (DMA) hårdvaruenheter för kopieringen av data mellan det externa DDR3 minnet och det interna kärn-privata och delade arbetsminnet tillät att överlappa dessa operationer med beräkningar. Optimerade mjukvaruimplementationer av dessa beräkningar, delvis utförda i maskinspåk, tillät att utföra matris-multiplikationen med upp till 95% av den teoretiskt nåbara prestandan. I rapporten ges en detaljerad beskrivning av dessa två nyckeltekniker. Energiförbrukningen vid exekvering av det implementerade bänkmärket kunde med hjälp av en för ändamålet anpassad Advantech TMDXEVM6678L evalueringsmodul bestämmas till maximalt 2,92 GF/J. Resultat från verifikationen av bänkmärkesimplementationen och en uppskattning av mätosäkerheten vid de experimentella mätningarna presenteras också.
Peeters, Agnes. "Application of the Stimulus-Driven Theory of Probabilistic Dynamics to the hydrogen issue in level-2 PSA." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210641.
Повний текст джерелаCes accidents sévères dépendent non seulement de défaillances matérielles ou d’erreurs humaines, mais également de l’occurrence de phénomènes physiques, tels que des explosions vapeur ou hydrogène. La prise en compte de tels phénomènes dans le cadre booléen des arbres d’événements s’avère difficile, et les méthodologies dynamiques de réalisation des EPS sont censées fournir une manière plus cohérente d’intégrer l’évolution du processus physique dans les changements de configuration discrète de la centrale au long d’un transitoire accidentel.
Cette thèse décrit l’application d’une des plus récentes approches dynamiques des EPS – la Théorie de la Dynamique Probabiliste basée sur les Stimuli (SDTPD) – à différents modèles de déflagration d'hydrogène ainsi que les développements qui ont permis cette applications et les diverses améliorations et techniques qui ont été mises en oeuvre.
Level-2 Probabilistic Safety Analyses (PSA) of nuclear power plants aims to identify the possible sequences of events corresponding to an accident propagation from a core damage to a potential loss of integrity of the containment, and to assess the frequency of occurrence of the different scenarios.
These so-called severe accidents depend not only on hardware failures and human errors, but also on the occurrence of physical phenomena such as e.g. steam or hydrogen explosions. Handling these phenomena in the classical Boolean framework of event trees is not convenient, and dynamic methodologies to perform PSA studies are expected to provide a more consistent way of integrating the physical process evolution with the discrete changes of plant configuration along an accidental transient.
This PhD Thesis presents the application of one of the most recently proposed dynamic PSA methodologies, i.e. the Stimulus-Driven Theory of Probabilistic Dynamics (SDTPD), to several models of hydrogen explosion in the containment of a plant, as well as the developed methods and improvements.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dahlfors, Marcus. "Studies of Accelerator-Driven Systems for Transmutation of Nuclear Waste." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6341.
Повний текст джерелаMallangi, Siva Sai Reddy. "Low-Power Policies Based on DVFS for the MUSEIC v2 System-on-Chip." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229443.
Повний текст джерелаNuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.
"Performance Benchmarking: Creating Measurable Energy and Monetary Savings in the Real Estate Industry." Tulane University, 2013.
Знайти повний текст джерела"Regression Tree-Based Methodology for Customizing Building Energy Benchmarks to Individual Commercial Buildings." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18809.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
M.S. Built Environment 2013
Davis, Ian M. (Ian Mack). "Neutron transport benchmarks for binary stochastic multiplying media : planar geometry, two energy groups." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29748.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 2005
Pires, Paulo Jorge dos Santos Nunes. "Análise metabólica do crossfit® : resposta energética dos diferentes benchmarks (WOD'S)." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19555.
Повний текст джерелаPURPOSE: CrossFit is characterized by high intensity, constantly varied, functional movement. However, scientific data regarding the practice of CrossFit is sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to: 1) characterize the physiological response in different CrossFit® Wod's and 2) to evaluate training effect in six weeks on aerobic and anaerobic capacity’s. METHODS Twelve male athletes participated in study I (Age: 28,67 ± 5.00yrs; Height: 175,50 ± 6.10cm; Weight: 75,34 ± 8,26kg; %BF:10,64 ± 3,30%; FFM: 65,07 ± 6.10kg; V̇O2PEAK: 49,33 ± 4,23ml.kg-1min-1) and 8 athletes in the study II (Age: 28.62 ± 7.63 years; Weight: 78.39 ± 10,03kg; Height: 175.9 ± 4.28cm;%BF: 12.51 ± 5.33; FFM: 65,05 ± 4,85kg; V̇O2PEAK: 48.88 ± 4.91ml.kg-1min-1; 3,82 ± 0,33L.min-1). Study I involved characterization of physiological response to two typical workouts (Wod’s), performed as quickly as possible (Wod1: 3x (500m on an indoor rower + 12x Dead Lifts + 21x box jump at 61cm and Wod2 (21x Dead Lifts + 21x HandStand Push-Up “HSPU”) + (15x Dead Lifts + 15x “HSPU”) + (9x Dead Lifts + 9x “HSPU”) and identify its association with aerobic and anaerobic capacity parameters for which two laboratory tests were performed, a maximal incremental test and a supramaximal test (110% Maximal Aerobic Speed). In the laboratory test, all athletes were evaluated on a treadmill, where the gas exchanges being quantified with the use of a portable analyzer (Metamax 3B, Cortex, Germany). Blood lactate [La-] was measured using the Lactate Pro 2 ™ portable device (Arkray, Koji, Japan). The estimation of aerobic cost (WAER) was performed from the accumulated oxygen volume used during the task. The estimation of lactic anaerobic component (W[La-]) was performed by taking into account the gradient of lactatemia before and after the effort to be characterized. The alactic anaerobic component (WPCR) was calculated from the V̇ O2 fast recovery phase curve (EPOCFAST). In order to modelling V̇O2 kinetics curve, data were collected by breath-by-breath mode and exposed to a monoexponential modelling. In study II, the same physiological parameters were determined before and after 6 weeks of CrossFit® training, and after 3 detraining weeks. Was also assessed at the same period, the performance and physiological response to Wod1. RESULTS: In study I, the relative energy contribution (WAER; W[La-] e WPCR) was, in, Wod1, 73,75 ± 3,4%; 17,61 ± 3,9% e 8,63 ± 4,9%, e no Wod2 46,83 ± 13,5%, 36,45 ± 14,2% e 16,7 ± 8% revealing aerobic system predominance in both Wod’s. The differences are due to the duration required for each one. In Wod1, a positive correlation was found between TimeTOT and the time constant of V̇ O2 kinetics (tp) (r=0.582; p=0.046), indicating the meaning of aerobic muscular adaptations for the performance. In Wod2 V̇ O2PEAK was associated to TimeTOT (r=0,635; p=0,027), denoting probably that the best performance depends of the anaerobic adaptations of the athletes. Regarding to study II, significant differences were shown in the maximal incremental test in: V̇ O2PEAK (ml.kg-1.min-1) (p=0,000; +4,6%[pre - post]); V̇ O2PEAK (L.min-1) (p=0,016; 4,3%[pre - post]) and VT2 (p=0,000;4,4% [pre - post]), and in the supramaximal test in: V̇ O2PEAK (ml.kg-1min-1) p=0.03 [+4,4%]) e no V̇ O2PEAK (L.min-1)p=0.03 [+4.8%]). Yet, in the supramaximal test there was a decrease in the anaerobic capacity from pre and post training to detraining (DT)(p=
吳振旭. "Energy Consumption Benchmark and Energy Conservation Approaches for a Semiconductor Fab." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77475627143008654052.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
91
Knowledge of energy consumption benchmark is very important to perform the energy conservation work in semiconductor fabs. In view of the importance, this thesis developed an energy analysis model especially for semiconductor fabs. The model was used in a standard 8’’ DRAM wafer fab, which has an annual wafer starts of 420,000。 The detailed energy benchmark of facility system, including the chiller plant, makeup air unit, recirculation air system, exhaust air system, compressed dry air, process cooling water, vacuum and ultra-pure water system was studied. The energy benchmark provided in this thesis can be used as a reference data to the similar research for other 8” wafer fabs. Some approaches to reduce energy consumption and their associated benefits are proposed and discussed.
Liu, Chia-Heng, and 劉珈亨. "The Energy Conservation Assessment of Energy Benchmark and Investment on Industrial Sector." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03045893809416971802.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
102
Energy use and carbon emissions increased after the Industrial Revolution. The industrial sector consumes over 40% energy end-use. Taiwan is transferring to a developed country that the proportion of service sector grows with time. However, the energy demand of the industrial sector was about 50 % in 2012, the industrial sector just contributed 38 % of GDP. Hence this represents that the energy input is unequal to the value of output. Energy efficiency is a”no regret strategy”. Green industry is a global trend; in consequence, the industrial sector needs to decrease the resource use. It’s a common situation that industrial energy efficiency policies are composed of benchmarks and the energy price. This study focuses on the “energy audit annual report for manufacturing industries” which large energy users submit to the Bureau of Energy. The conclutions of this study show that the energy intensity of metal industries, non-metallic mineral products manufacturings, paper mills and paper manufacturings, and computers, electronic and optical products manufacturings decrease significantly after the energy efficiency laws administering. The submission of data from the large energy users shows that as more energy used causes more investment in EE equipment; investing more capital would result in more energy conservation, thus makes more profits; the shorter payback is an incentive to invest; the longer payback leads the unit conservation cost to lessen. In Taiwan, the large-scale companies invest more EE equipment. Electricity, fuel-coal, and purchased steam are the key factors in investing behaviors; the higher proportion of electricity used and the more investment; but the higher proportion of electricity and lower energy conservation potentials.
CHOU, TSE-YA, and 周澤亞. "Study on Power Consumption Benchmark and Energy Saving Strategy of Government Office Buildings." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d7gghj.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
設計學院設計博士班
107
Aiming to evaluate power consumption in government office buildings and energy conservation strategies, this study targeted county and city government offices at all levels as sample buildings through the collection of power consumption information and purposive sampling, acquiring original source material through field investigations and personnel interviews. This research applied statistical analysis of building electricity evaluation indicators and equipment-specific capacity recommendations to obtain future projections for the same type of office buildings to incorporate a recommendation value of per capita power consumption into the calculation of the number of personnel. This recommendation value of power consumption evaluation was 0.7 kWh /person.㎡.year. Meanwhile, through the review of construction equipment specific load benchmarks, the surveyed data of suitable equipment was analyzed statistically to explore such equipment capacity benchmarks as applicable to specific office buildings. Finally, for suitable equipment, the capacity evaluation obtained was 0.022 kW/㎡, along with 0.065 kW/㎡ of air conditioning equipment and 0.011 kW/㎡ of lighting equipment. If the distribution of space in the building was clearly known in the evaluation stage, the air-conditioned area would be able to divide as follows: 0.027 kW/㎡of equipment capacity, 0.073 kW/㎡of the air-conditioning equipment and 0.013 kW/㎡of the lighting equipment. To understand the 3-way impact of building power consumption, user management behavior, and degree of personnel comfort, this study, after having confirmed that the impact factor on building characteristics was the direct solar radiation through regression, and affirming the selection of a building with external shading by technical analysis, an office building located in Yunlin was chosen as the model. After applying Design Builder, a dynamic energy consumption software, to simulate the building, the results indicated that the difference in annual power consumption of the air conditioner between human intervention mode and the non-intervention mode was 9%. The annual power consumption of non-intervention mode and the application that met the energy efficiency and relevant specifications would gain reduction by 3% and 11%, respectively. When the air conditioning operated in non-human intervention mode, the degree of comfort for people in the building would increase, thus greatly reducing those uncomfortable hours. This paper also applied simulation to explore the relevant impact factors of air conditioning power consumption operation and buildings under thermal equilibrium conditions. The results showed that, when a building is of equal area in all directions, the external condition depends on the obtained heat of the building exposed to solar radiation, which is as follows: open areas receive direct solar radiation throughout the year; in the northern and central part of the country the level of intensity decreases in the following order, with eastward > westward > southward > northward; and in the southern part the intensity decreases with westward > southward > eastward > north. When the density of personnel increased, the power consumption of air conditioners also increased through the obtained heat of personnel. The obtained heat on the air conditioners was simulated by the installation position of the LED lamps and the fluorescent lamps. The effect of the annual power consumption was as follows: the level of intensity decreases in this order, with T5 recessed Fluorescent Luminaire > T5 suspended Fluorescent Luminaire > T5 surface mount Fluorescent Luminaire > LED recessed Luminaire > LED suspended Luminaire> LED surface mount Luminaire. At the same time, this study also reviewed the selected sample buildings. Through the energy-saving strategy and simulation of the scheme, we obtained a conclusion that the improvement scheme would help reduce the power consumption of air-conditioning. The results of the final output of this study can provide a reference for the future development of assessment benchmarks for building power consumption, as well as the application strategies and procedures for efficiency improvement and benefit assessment of building energy conservation.
Ulbricht, Robert. "Benchmarking Renewable Energy Supply Forecasts." 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75439.
Повний текст джерелаKai-yu, Chang, and 張楷御. "To investigate the relationship between the building of energy use intensity and energy efficiency benchmark – case study of university dormitory buildings." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6utbt2.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
103
Taiwan belongs to subtropical regions of the island-type climate, high heat and humidity of the special environment. Because of the high humidity will affect the temperature of the body to feel, so this study based on the climate and environment in Taiwan, collecting energy data to be used from National Taiwan University student dormitory, reference to the Energy Star model of US energy use benchmarks, deduced from the primary energy use efficiency estimate models of National Taiwan University student dormitory to establish the energy use benchmarks of Taiwan localization. In this paper, based on the collection of questionnaire from National University dormitory energy use data. When the parameters are a linear correlation analysis, we found the relevant of Soure Energy is higher than Energy Use Intensity (EUI), therefore this study based on Soure Energy. To consider the humidity, present study use HI-CDD, enthalpy difference (ED) as a parameter of a cooling load linear correlation analysis; when the humidity is not considered, R2 is 0.732195. Humidity in HI-CDD as a parameter, R2 is 0.775933; humidity in the enthalpy difference as a parameter, R2 is 0.747091.From the three data comparison, after considering the humidity, the correlation is improved, proof humidity considerations have a positive impact on energy use analysis. Collecting 33 student dormitories energy use data, we can establish the estimate energy efficiency model of the dormitory in Taiwan; by the way, we can already assess the scores of dormitory energy use by this estimate model, dormitory energy use of the scores. Using HI-CDD, ED estimate model parameters respectively to establish a comparison and found that these two parameters taking into account the temperature and humidity,it will be a consistent rationality. Finally, Using a south of dormitory as a Ecotect model to simulate, we found that direction change will affect the hot environment, but there is no direct impact on the amount of energy used, mainly due to the higher proportion of electricity in the dormitory equipment. It was found that in the summer, Air exchange rate will be converted from 1 simulated 0.5, it should be the high Air exchange rate, then consume more energy; contrarily, in the winter, there will bean energy-efficient phenomenon, it may be the outside air temperature is lower than it is in summer,and it can reduce the energy consumption of the heat exchange; for this reason, it reduce the burden on air-conditioning equipment.
Du, Gi-Ant, and 杜峻安. "Benchmark of Specific Energy Consumption of Electronic Industries -- Polarizer Film Plants, TN/STN LCD Plants." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ynkntn.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
冷凍與低溫科技研究所
97
The electronic, semiconductor, opto-electric & material technology have been highly developed in the past years in Taiwan, as the maturity in the mass production skill, The manufacturing industries of the LCD relative product in Taiwan have shared a very important role in the world and consume a lot of energy. The research was under the Energy Bureau of Taiwan government and ITRI, as a part of the annual energy-survey program to the electrical industries. For this time, we shall focus on the specific energy consumption of the product of polarizer and TN/STN LCD . We recommended, the benchmark value of the specific energy consumption of polarizer & TN/STN LCD product, shall be 1.62kWH/m2 & 5.0Mcal/m2 for polarizer, and 339.1 kWH/m2 (758.2Mcal/m2), 111.5kWH/m2 (249.4Mcal/m2), 36.6kWH/m2 (81.9Mcal/m2) for process type A (total process), type B (without CF process) & type C (without CF, Module, SMT process) of TN/STN LCD product.
Inglesi-Lotz, Roula. "A sectoral benchmark-and-trade system to improve electricity efficiency in South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28694.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Economics
unrestricted
Kuo, Chung-Chuan, and 郭中權. "Benchmark of Specific Energy Consumption of Electronic Industry--LED Plants、Epitaxy Si Wafer Plants、Lead -Acid Battery for Auto & Motorcycle Plants." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e2vwjy.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
95
The study in this thesis is to establish the figure of specific energy consumption. Methods are depended on the present industries’ structures, sorting characteristics of products with different or similar specifications, and in the similar manufacturing processes. Through the examined data from the ITRI’s reports (Industry Technology Research Institute of Taiwan) and visiting manufacturers and information from the relative economic researches, it then inducts the characteristics of manufacturing processes and products types. Thereafter, datasheets are designed and provided to each industry as to return their figures on different products. Moreover, the utilization rate of capacity is obtained by the designed production quantities in the beginning stage of building plant and its actual quantities in real working situation. Later, all the various energies are transformed by means of caloric values to be the uniform energy consumptions as standardizations. Next, summing all the energy consumptions and corresponding to the year quantities so as to gain the specific energy consumption. After dealing with the figures, the specific energy consumption for each sampling manufacturer is obtained. The main four target products in this project are epitaxy Si wafers, LEDs, and lead-acid battery for auto and motorcycles. Those above products are defined by the uni-specification in manufacturing area that is to say all the specific energy consumptions including the manufacturing tools’ and the utilities’ are summed and corresponded to the utilization rate of month capacity for the month specific energy consumption. Furthermore, powers regression equation of Microsoft Excell is utilized to set up curves charts for each sampling manufacturer, and is used as the standardization of the specific energy consumption when the utilization rate of capacity is at 100%. In addition, selecting secondary values from those sampling manufacturers to be of the recommended notice values as benchmarks, meantime, taking place seminar with each sampling manufacturer’s representatives, and having discussions with scholars, the figures are surely acknowledged at length, and listed in the following table. The Recommended Notice Value Specific Energy Consumption in this Project Products Indicating manufacturers specification Manufacturing processes The recommended notice value of the specific energy consumption kwh/k Mcal/k kwh/in2 Mcal/in2 kwh/set Mcal/set LEDs LED-I LED-J Regular brightness Chips 0.57 1.27 NA NA NA NA LEDs LED-E Higher brightness Chips 1.86 4.15 NA NA NA NA LEDs LED-H Higher brightness/2 inches Epitaxy NA NA 10.43 23.32 NA NA LEDs LED-E Higher brightness Epitaxy combining chips 3.09 6.9 NA NA NA NA Epitaxy Si wafers EPI-A 4~8 inches Si epitaxy NA NA 1.03 2.3 NA NA Epitaxy Si wafers EPI-C 8 inches Si epitaxy NA NA 0.34 0.76 NA NA Lead-acid batteries C-BT-B Auto Including assembly NA NA NA NA 8.73 19.52 Lead-acid batteries B-BT-A Motorcycles Including assembly NA NA NA NA 5.34 11.94
Hoffmann, Joachim [Verfasser]. "Reactive transport and mineral dissolution, precipitation in porous media : efficient solution algorithms, benchmark computations and existence of global solutions / vorgelegt von Joachim Hoffmann." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1002480981/34.
Повний текст джерелаLuís, João Almeida. "Consulting project for the marketing oil department of Galp energia: boosting customer loyalty by increasing value perception and incentivizing purchase frequency analysing the current situation of a B2B fuel loyalty program and benchmarking the best practices of international oil companies." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/105455.
Повний текст джерела