Готові списки джерел за темами / Energy-Accuracy Scaling

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Energy-Accuracy Scaling"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Energy-Accuracy Scaling"

Raquibuzzaman, Md, Aleksandar Milenkovic, and Biswajit Ray. "EXPRESS: Exploiting Energy–Accuracy Tradeoffs in 3D NAND Flash Memory for Energy-Efficient Storage." Electronics 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030424.

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The density and cost-effectiveness of flash memory chips continue to increase, driven by: (a) The continuous physical scaling of memory cells in a single layer; (b) The vertical stacking of multiple layers; and (c) Logical scaling through storing multiple bits of information in a single memory cell. The physical properties of flash memories impose disproportionate latency and energy expenditures to ensure the high integrity of the data during flash memory writes. This paper experimentally explores this disproportionality on state-of-the-art commercial 3D NAND flash memories and introduces EXPRESS—a technique for increasing the energy efficiency of flash memory writes by exploiting the premature termination of the flash write operations. An experimental evaluation shows that EXPRESS reduces energy expenditures by 20–50%, relative to the traditional flash writes, at the cost of a minimal loss in the data integrity (<1%). In addition, we evaluate the effects of the page-to-page variability, program–erase cycling, and data retention on the implementation of EXPRESS, and we propose enhancements to counter these effects.

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Jeong, Jonghyun, and Youngmin Kim. "ASAD-RD: Accuracy Scalable Approximate Divider Based on Restoring Division for Energy Efficiency." Electronics 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010031.

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Approximate computing can considerably improve energy efficiency by mitigating the accuracy requirements of calculations in error resilient application programming, such as machine learning, audio–video signal processing, data mining, and search engines. In this study, we propose an approximate divider for dynamic energy-quality scaling, which involves a trade-off between accuracy and latency. Previous approximate dividers for dynamic energy-quality scaling are well-configured, but lack energy-quality scalability. The key is to create a more accurate dynamic approximate divider while extending the limits of accuracy to maximize energy efficiency and meet various accuracy requirements. The proposed divider, called the accuracy scalable approximate divider based on restoring division (ASAD-RD), uses restoring division to significantly improve the error of the approximate divider and to use less latency. For the 8-bit division, SAADI, the previous design, has an average accuracy of 90.78% to 98.77%; however, ASAD-RD can improve the accuracy between 95.2% and 99.23% and hardly requires additional power consumption. Furthermore, for the same target accuracy, ASAD-RD requires fewer cycle iterations than SAADI. Thus, ASAD-RD requires lower energy than SAADI and can operate as an energy-efficient approximate divider.

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Ghedini, Giulia, Martino E. Malerba, and Dustin J. Marshall. "How to estimate community energy flux? A comparison of approaches reveals that size-abundance trade-offs alter the scaling of community energy flux." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1933 (August 19, 2020): 20200995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0995.

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Size and metabolism are highly correlated, so that community energy flux might be predicted from size distributions alone. However, the accuracy of predictions based on interspecific energy–size relationships relative to approaches not based on size distributions is unknown. We compare six approaches to predict energy flux in phytoplankton communities across succession: assuming a constant energy use among species (per cell or unit biomass), using energy–size interspecific scaling relationships and species-specific rates (both with or without accounting for density effects). Except for the per cell approach, all others explained some variation in energy flux but their accuracy varied considerably. Surprisingly, the best approach overall was based on mean biomass-specific rates, followed by the most complex (species-specific rates with density). We show that biomass-specific rates alone predict community energy flux because the allometric scaling of energy use with size measured for species in isolation does not reflect the isometric scaling of these species in communities. We also find energy equivalence throughout succession, even when communities are not at carrying capacity. Finally, we discuss that species assembly can alter energy–size relationships, and that metabolic suppression in response to density might drive the allometry of community energy flux as biomass accumulates.

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Blažek, Mikuláš. "Multifractality in High Energy Collisions." Fractals 05, no. 02 (June 1997): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x97000292.

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With increasing energy of nuclear collisions, several statistical distributions of produced particles show changes in shape. This also concerns the scaling indices which characterize multifractality in the observed particle density distributions. In the present contribution, the self-similar processes governing that multifractality are described in more detail. It is shown especially that the corresponding extended fundamental equation reproduces, with very good accuracy, the data resulting from the oxygen beam at 60 and 200 A GeV colliding with the emulsion nuclei. The approximate description of the quantities characterizing scaling properties near the quark-gluon phase transition is discussed too.

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Gebauer, Ralph, Morrel H. Cohen, and Roberto Car. "A well-scaling natural orbital theory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 46 (November 1, 2016): 12913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615729113.

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We introduce an energy functional for ground-state electronic structure calculations. Its variables are the natural spin-orbitals of singlet many-body wave functions and their joint occupation probabilities deriving from controlled approximations to the two-particle density matrix that yield algebraic scaling in general, and Hartree–Fock scaling in its seniority-zero version. Results from the latter version for small molecular systems are compared with those of highly accurate quantum-chemical computations. The energies lie above full configuration interaction calculations, close to doubly occupied configuration interaction calculations. Their accuracy is considerably greater than that obtained from current density-functional theory approximations and from current functionals of the one-particle density matrix.

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Mikhalev, A., M. Nottoli, and B. Stamm. "Linearly scaling computation of ddPCM solvation energy and forces using the fast multipole method." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 11 (September 21, 2022): 114103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104536.

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This paper proposes the first linear scaling implementation for the domain decomposition approach of the polarizable continuum model (ddPCM) for the computation of the solvation energy and forces. The ddPCM-equation consists of a (non-local) integral equation on the van der Waals or solvent accessible surface of the solute’s cavity resulting in a dense solution matrix, and, in turn, one matrix–vector multiplication has a quadratic arithmetic complexity with respect to the number of atoms of the solute molecule. The use of spherical harmonics as basis functions makes it natural to employ the fast multipole method (FMM) in order to provide an asymptotically linear scaling method. In this paper, we employ the FMM in a non-uniform manner with a clusterization based on a recursive inertial bisection. We present some numerical tests illustrating the accuracy and scaling of our implementation.

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Hassan, Salma, Sameh Attia, Khaled Nabil Salama, and Hassan Mostafa. "EANN: Energy Adaptive Neural Networks." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050746.

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This paper proposes an Energy Adaptive Feedforward Neural Network (EANN). It uses multiple approximation techniques in the hardware implementation of the neuron unit. The used techniques are precision scaling, approximate multiplier, computation skipping, neuron skipping, activation function approximation and truncated accumulation. The proposed EANN system applies the partial dynamic reconfiguration (PDR) feature supported by the FPGA platform to reconfigure the hardware elements of the neural network based on the energy budget. The PDR technique enables the EANN system to remain functioning when the available energy budget is reduced by factors of 46.2% to 79.8% of the total energy of the unapproximated neural network. Unlike the conventional operation that only uses certain amount of energy and cannot function properly if the energy budget falls below that energy level, the EANN system remains functioning for longer time after energy drop at the expense of less accuracy. The proposed EANN system is highly recommended in limited-energy applications as it adapts the hardware units to the degraded energy at the expense of some accuracy loss.

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Zhang, Dengyong, Xiao Chen, Feng Li, Arun Kumar Sangaiah, and Xiangling Ding. "Seam-Carved Image Tampering Detection Based on the Cooccurrence of Adjacent LBPs." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (December 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8830310.

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Seam carving has been widely used in image resizing due to its superior performance in avoiding image distortion and deformation, which can maliciously be used on purpose, such as tampering contents of an image. As a result, seam-carving detection is becoming crucially important to recognize the image authenticity. However, existing methods do not perform well in the accuracy of seam-carving detection especially when the scaling ratio is low. In this paper, we propose an image forensic approach based on the cooccurrence of adjacent local binary patterns (LBPs), which employs LBP to better display texture information. Specifically, a total of 24 energy-based, seam-based, half-seam-based, and noise-based features in the LBP domain are applied to the seam-carving detection. Moreover, the cooccurrence features of adjacent LBPs are combined to highlight the local relationship between LBPs. Besides, SVM after training is adopted for feature classification to determine whether an image is seam-carved or not. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness in improving the detection accuracy with respect to different scaling ratios, especially under low scaling ratios.

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Chafid, Much, Abdul Syukur, Moch Arief Soeleman, and Affandy Affandy. "Seam Cerving and Salient Detection for Thumbnail Photos." Journal of Development Research 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/jdr.v6i1.204.

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Image resizing is a process of processing images or images with the aim of changing the size of the image. The most commonly used methods are cropping or scaling. Scaling is changing the size of the image based on the scale. Contents in the image are not considered in scaling. Seam carving often uses energy functionality that is useful as a determinant of the pixel level contained in an image. Seam is a connecting path of image pixels both vertically and horizontally that is passed by a low energy function. Changing the image size using seam carving is considered better than cropping and scaling. However, the seam carving method still cannot protect the object that is considered the most important. In overcoming this weakness, we can use a combination of seam carving algorithm with salient detection. In this research, we will improve the two methods which function as thumbnail maker. The results of the salient detection of the most important areas of the image will be detected and as a reference in resizing the image (seam carving) The dataset uses 200 images. The accuracy value is calculated by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents and producing an acceptance rate of 78% so that the results are Very Natural/Natural.

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Wright, Michael Dennis, Francesco Gambioli, and Arnaud George Malan. "CFD Based Non-Dimensional Characterization of Energy Dissipation Due to Verticle Slosh." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 10401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110401.

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We present the CFD based non-dimensional characterization of violent slosh induced energy dissipation due a tank under vertical excitation. Experimentally validated CFD is used for this purpose as an ideally suited and versatile tool. It is thus first demonstrated that a weakly compressible VoF based CFD scheme is capable of computing violent slosh induced energy dissipation with high accuracy. The resulting CFD based energy analysis further informs that the main source of energy dissipation during violent slosh is due liquid impact. Next, a functional relationship characterising slosh induced energy dissipation is formulated in terms of fluid physics based non-dimensional numbers. These comprised contact angle and liquid–gas density ratio as well as Reynolds, Weber and Froude numbers. The Froude number is found the most significant in characterising verticle violent slosh induced energy dissipation (in the absence of significant phase change). The validated CFD is consequently employed to develop scaling laws (curve fits) which quantify energy dissipation as a function of the most important fluid physics non-dimensional numbers. These newly developed scaling laws show for the first time that slosh induced energy dissipation may be expressed as a quadratic function of Froude number and as a linear function of liquid–gas density ratio. Based on the aforementioned it is postulated that violent slosh induced energy dissipation may be expressed as a linear function of tank kinetic energy. The article is concluded by demonstrating the practical use of the novel CFD derived non-dimensional scaling laws to infer slosh induced energy dissipation for ideal experiments (with exact fluid physics similarity to the full scale Aircraft) from (non-ideal) slosh experiments.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Energy-Accuracy Scaling"

Kim, Se Hun. "Accuracy-energy tradeoffs in digital image processing using embedded computing platforms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42881.

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As more and more multimedia applications are integrated in mobile devices, a significant amount of energy is devoted to digital signal processing (DSP). Thus, reducing energy consumption for DSP systems has become an important design goal for battery operated mobile devices. Since supply voltage scaling is one of the most effective methods to reduce power/energy consumption, this study examines aggressive voltage scaling to achieve significant energy savings by allowing some output quality degradation for error tolerant image processing system. The objective of proposed research is to explore ultra-low energy image processing system design methodologies based on efficient accuracy (quality)-energy tradeoffs. This dissertation presents several new analyses and techniques to achieve significant energy savings without noticeable quality degradation under aggressive voltage scaling. In the first, this work starts from accurate error analysis and a model based on input sequence dependent delay estimation. Based on the analysis, we explain the dependence of voltage scalability on input image types, which may be used for input dependent adaptive control for optimal accuracy-energy tradeoffs. In addition, this work includes the system-level analysis of the impact of aggressive voltage scaling on overall energy consumption and a low-cost technique to reduce overall energy consumption. Lastly, this research exploits an error concealment technique to improve the efficiency of accuracy-energy tradeoffs. For an image compression system, the technique minimizes the impact of delay errors on output quality while allowing very low voltage operations for significant energy reduction.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Energy-Accuracy Scaling"

Moons, Bert, Roel Uytterhoeven, Wim Dehaene, and Marian Verhelst. "DVAFS: Trading computational accuracy for energy through dynamic-voltage-accuracy-frequency-scaling." In 2017 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date.2017.7927038.

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Peluso, Valentino, and Andrea Calimera. "Weak-MAC: Arithmetic Relaxation for Dynamic Energy-Accuracy Scaling in ConvNets." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2018.8351494.

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Moons, Bert, and Marian Verhelst. "DVAS: Dynamic Voltage Accuracy Scaling for increased energy-efficiency in approximate computing." In 2015 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/islped.2015.7273520.

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Yang, Yue, Long Liu, and Bing Yi. "Sparse Scaling Iterative Closest Point for Rail Profile Inspection." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97160.

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Abstract The accuracy of rail profile inspections is critical for guaranteeing transport security and rail maintenance, and hence the laser based rail profile inspection has been frequently used. However, there are two major challenges in practical applications: the distortion of the measured rail profile and the influences of noise and outliers. In this paper, the sparse scaling iterative closest point method is proposed for rail profile inspection. First, the existing challenges for processing the measured rail profile via a line laser sensor are generally described. After this, a robust registration energy function that evolves both the scale factor and lp norm is proposed for rail profile registration. Finally, the Hausdorff distance is adopted to visualize the matching results. The experiments indicate that the proposed method can both precisely rectify the distorted rail profile and avoid the influences of noise and outliers when compared with the conventional iterative closest point, sparse iterative closest point and reweighted-scaling closest point methods.

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Yan, Yikuan, Shanbin Shi, and Mamoru Ishii. "Scaling Analysis and Facility Design for Stability Investigation During Accidents in a PWR-Type SMR." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60476.

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Small modular reactor (SMR) concept has been developed as one of the key solutions for the growing demand of safe and clean energy. SMR designs can be applied extensively in areas such as sea water desalination and small-scale power generation etc. Unlike conventional light water reactors, most SMRs greatly simplify the structure of reactor pressure vessel, usually eliminate pumps and use natural circulation to cool down the core and transfer energy. However, flow instability may easily occur and affect the entire two phase natural circulation, which is of great importance for the start-up and normal operation process of BWR-type SMRs. For PWR-type SMRs, two-phase natural circulation could exist during accidents such as small break loss of coolant accident (SBLOCA) and loss of heat sink. Current research aims to experimentally investigate potential flow instabilities related to natural circulation for a PWR-type SMR during the accidents. For current research, the NuScale reactor design is selected as the research prototype. In this paper, the design and scaling analysis of a scaled PWR-type experimental facility are provided. In order to experimentally study the natural circulation behavior of PWR-type SMR during accidental scenarios, detailed scaling analyses are necessary to ensure that the scaled phenomena could be obtained in a laboratory test facility. A three-level scaling method is used to get the scaling ratios derived from various non-dimensional numbers. An ideally scaled facility is first accomplished based on derived scaling ratios. RELAP5 simulations of both steady state and transient cases for the ideally scaled facility are performed and compared to the prototype to ensure the accuracy of the scaling analysis. Then the ideally scaled facility is modified under engineering considerations and an engineering scaled facility is designed. Similar RELAP5 analyses are performed on the engineering scaled facility and the results match well with those in the prototype and ideally scaled facility.

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Saujauddin, Noor Jehan, Tim Niemi, Ted Lundquist, and Baohua Niu. "Electrical Probing of 7nm SRAMS/SOC at Contact Layer." In ISTFA 2020. ASM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2020p0214.

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Abstract For advanced node semiconductor process development, manufacturing, fault isolation and product failure analysis, nanoprobing is an indispensable technology. As the process technology node scales, transistors and materials used are more susceptible to electron beam damage and changes. As scanning electron microscope (SEM) energy decreases to minimize electron beam damage, imaging resolution degrades. Process scaling has not only affected patterning dimensions and pitch scaling, but also materials utilized in advanced nodes. The material used at the contact level has changed from tungsten (W) to cobalt (Co), in combination with ultra-low K dielectrics. These new materials tend to make sample preparation and probing increasingly more challenging. At advanced nodes with sub-20nm contacts, probe landing accuracy and probe-contact stability are important to maintain good electrical contact throughout measurement time. In this paper, we discuss nanoprobing results from a 7nm SRAM obtained from a commercially available leading edge 7nm SOC.

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Hunter, Brian, and Zhixiong Guo. "A New Phase Function Normalization Approach for Radiative Transfer Analysis in Highly Anisotropic Scattering Media." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63664.

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A new phase function normalization approach is applied to both the DOM and FVM for predicting radiative heat transfer in an extreme condition — highly anisotropic scattering media. Previous attempts to normalize the DOM result in a distortion of the overall phase function asymmetry factor. The splitting of each solid angle into numerous sub-angles in the FVM is shown to also produce a lack of conservation of asymmetry factor, even though scattered energy is conserved. The current normalization technique is crafted such that scattered energy and asymmetry factor are accurately conserved after both DOM and FVM discretization. The change in scattering effect when asymmetry factor is not conserved is examined for both methods. Wall flux profiles generated by DOM with old and new normalization techniques as well as FVM with and without phase function normalization are compared to isotropic scaling law profiles to gauge the accuracy of the techniques. The effects of changes in both optical thickness and scattering albedo are investigated. It is found that the current normalization approach vastly improves accuracy of flux profiles. The current procedure also greatly decreases FVM convergence time by eliminating the need for large amounts of solid angle splitting.

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Spears, R. E. "Unique Method for Generating Design Earthquake Time Histories." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61243.

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A method has been developed which takes a seed earthquake time history and modifies it to produce given design response spectra. It is a multi-step process with an initial scaling step and then multiple refinement steps. It is unique in the fact that both the acceleration and displacement response spectra are considered when performing the fit (which primarily improves the low frequency acceleration response spectrum accuracy). Additionally, no matrix inversion is needed. The features include encouraging the code acceleration, velocity, and displacement ratios and attempting to fit the pseudo velocity response spectrum. Also, “smoothing” is done to transition the modified time history to the seed time history at its start and end. This is done in the time history regions below a cumulative energy of 5% and above a cumulative energy of 95%. Finally, the modified acceleration, velocity, and displacement time histories are adjusted to start and end with an amplitude of zero (using Fourier transform techniques for integration).

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Smith, Robin J., Andrew H. Sherry, Anthony J. Horn, and Adam C. Bannister. "A Method to Derive the JC Value of a 1T SE(B) Using Charpy Impact Energy in the Lower Ductile to Brittle Transition." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45922.

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This paper describes a method by which the elastic-plastic crack driving force, J, of a 1T SE(B) may be calculated using Charpy V-notch absorbed impact energy, Uel+pl,LLD. The method is applicable in the lower ductile-to-brittle transition regime of fracture behaviour and permits the calculation of equivalent critical J-integral values, Jc, using Uel+pl,LLD data. The method is demonstrated using a ferritic steel study material. Comparisons are made between the predictions of a Uel+pl,LLD scaling approach, which was derived using a Weibull stress model, and experimental test data for a ferritic steel. The approach was evaluated using experimental test data composed of instrumented Charpy impact test results and SE(B) fracture toughness test results. The probabilistic predictions were found to be in good agreement with experimental values. Extension of the methodology is recommended to include other material flow properties. Further work is required to ascertain the accuracy of the approach at higher temperatures in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature range. A practical method for applying the methodology in practice to allow description of the behaviour of a wide range of ferritic steel materials has been outlined.

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Renuke, Avinash, Federico Reggio, Alberto Traverso, and Matteo Pascenti. "Experimental Characterization of Losses in Bladeless Turbine Prototype." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59328.

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Abstract Multi-disk bladeless turbines, also known as Tesla turbines, are promising in the field of small-scale power generation and energy harvesting due to their low sensitivity to down-scaling effects, retaining high rotor efficiency. However, low (less than 40%) overall isentropic efficiency has been recorded in the experimental literature. This article aims for the first time to a systematic experimental characterization of loss mechanisms in a 3-kW Tesla expander using compressed air as working fluid and producing electrical power through a high speed generator (40krpm). The sources of losses discussed are: stator losses, stator-rotor peripheral viscous losses, end wall ventilation losses and leakage losses. After description of experimental prototype, methodology and assessment of measurement accuracy, the article discusses such losses aiming at separating the effects that each loss has on the overall performance. Once effects are separated, their individual impact on the overall efficiency curves is presented. This experimental investigation, for the first time, gives the insight into the actual reasons of low performance of Tesla turbines, highlighting critical areas of improvement, and paving the way to next generation Tesla turbines, competitive with state of the art bladed expanders.

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