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Статті в журналах з теми "Énergies renouvelables – Évaluation du risque"
Poupeau, François-Mathieu, and Fabien Schlosser. "La régulation de la filière bois énergie dans les Ardennes françaises." Articles 29, no. 2 (January 7, 2011): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045153ar.
Повний текст джерелаINGRAND, S., and B. DEDIEU. "Numéro spécial : Quelles innovations pour quels systèmes d'élevage ?" INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.2.3055.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Énergies renouvelables – Évaluation du risque"
Chehaita, Julie. "Apport de l’approche écosystémique dans la gestion des risques de la transition énergétique : cas de l’éolien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0039.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy companies are faced with the need to transform their business model to integrate environmental concerns and ensure an energy transition. According to the transitions literature, addressing the risks of this process requires innovative, long-term oriented approaches, as well as thoughtful and adaptive policy design. In this framework, the business ecosystem approach plays an important role in the discovery of new solutions during the energy transition. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the contribution of applying the ecosystem approach in reducing the underlying risks of this process. Through exhaustive in-depth interviews and literature reviews, extensive stakeholder engagement, and interrogation of the characteristics of energy actors in a range of contexts, the potential for the role of the emerging renewable energy ecosystem in reducing the risks of the energy transition is explored. The research conducted provides insight into the holistic nature of the relationship between energy actors and explores common barriers encountered such as social acceptability, market risks and stakeholder management. The results suggest that companies are aware of the potential of an emerging renewable energy ecosystem and that most companies view the ecosystem approach positively. Many characteristics of this potential ecosystem, which is in its nascent stage, were found in the current partnership strategies of the interviewed stakeholders. More broadly, a mapping of the emerging renewable energy ecosystem was presented
Coupan, Frédéric. "Stockage pour les énergies renouvelables : évaluation et modélisation de la batterie plomb-acide." Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has two parts. A first more "strategic" part concerning the importance of storage for renewable energies. An increasingly technical and increasingly precise part concerning the positioning of the electrochemical storage, the position of the Lead Acid battery, the technological variants, to arrive at a detailed electrochemical modeling of the type of battery retained.In the first section, Chapter 1 of the thesis highlights the good positioning of electrochemical storage for the needs of renewable energies. With respect to the random fluctuations of the resource, time is an important element of the discussion: storage time on the one hand, time of mobilization of stored energy on the other hand. In this respect, the specification for the production smoothing of a unit connected to the network is quite different from the storage applications for a stand-alone production system.The second chapter becomes more technical, when comparing the lead-acid battery with the other storage systems. The guiding idea is to support this discussion on arguments related to the physical basis of functioning of the components studied. At the same time, it is a pretext to begin the introduction of basic principles of electrochemistry that will be developed and used by the after. There are three main families: accumulators (examples lead acid battery, NiMH, Lithium ion), redox systems or more generally external fuel (example fuel cell) and super capacitors. Overall comparison unflattering for the average performance of the lead battery, saved by its good performance / price ratio.The third chapter explains the technological variants, which shows a great flexibility that allows compromises to adapt to a wide variety of specific needs. Attention has been given to identifying specific aspects which have not been explored and which can lead to improvements, in particular in the context of recent reaction mechanisms, 2In particular, at the positive electrode (linked in particular with the Pavlov demonstration of an intermediate phase between PbO 2 and the electrolyte, of Pb (OH) 2 gel, with poorly elucidated properties). In this chapter we have placed a detailed analysis of the hydrolysis, taking into account the direct recombination of O2 and H2 at the negative electrode also cited by Pavlov. These elements will be taken up and completed in Chapter 4 in modeling.Chapter 4, devoted to modeling and experimentation, is the culmination of the progressive work of introducing electrochemical bases applied to the battery. It will underline the central role of dissemination / migration mechanisms in the functioning.A first "mathematical" aspect concerns an approximation of the diffusion equations by a discrete component network, optimal in terms of the number of components. The overall model of the battery schematically be broken down into three main functions: diffusion, activation, hydrolysis. These functions are interconnected, but efforts will be made to introduce them successively in decoupled form (at least in an approximate manner). A first step is to obtain, largely from specific experiments, realistic values of the parameters of the model
Bersalli, Germán. "Évaluation et évolution des politiques de promotion des énergies renouvelables : la transition des secteurs électriques en Amérique Latine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe transition to a more sustainable energy system requires a much faster development of new and renewable energy technologies for electricity generation (RENe). Thus, involving new challenges in the regulation of electricity sector. Additionally, a stronger commitment by emerging and developing countries for a deeper decarbonization trajectory, calls for the strengthening of renewable energy policies. Such policies include designing regulatory instruments that are better adapted for their specific economic and institutional needs.This thesis deals with the evaluation and the redesign of policies that encourage the diffusion of RENe in the context of Latin America’s countries. To this end, we first use Environmental Economics theory to analyse the different regulatory instruments available, characterize them and to propose evaluation criteria based on a thorough review of the literature. We then carry out a panel data econometric study, to identify the determining factors of investments in regards to new RENe production capacity; and in particular, to measure the effectiveness of such policies. In a third phase, we mobilize the evolutionary theory of technological change to analyse the process of policy implementation, the existing barriers and the obtained results. This analysis is based on three case studies in the electricity sector of Chile, Brazil and Argentina. And finally, we focus on the challenges related to the massive deployment of RENe in Latin America by 2030-2040: the integration of intermittent energy sources, the access to financing and the industrial challenge.Our research shows that the evolution of the economic and institutional context encourages a dynamic which conditions public policy choices as well as their performance. We therefore propose the basis of an analytical framework for the design and assessment of ambitious long-term promoting policies. These policies must be integrated into a multidimensional and coherent project for the energy sector. More specifically, concerning the choice of the policy instrument and its design elements, We have therefore highlighted four principles to be considered, especially in the context of emerging countries. The level of risk for investors, the total cost of the policy for consumers, the institutional competency of the instrument and its flexibility to support technologies with various degrees of technical and economic maturity. Such flexibility must also address multiple objectives related to the socio-economic development process of each country
Do, Minh Thang. "Approche probabiliste pour l'évaluation de la fiabilité du système électrique intégrant des énergies renouvelables peu prévisibles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10071/document.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing the environmental constraints to conventional power generation, renewable energy character grows very quickly thanks to government policies. In practice, the nature of primary sources is random, the introduction of renewable energy in an electrical network may impact the operation of the power system and the quality of the power. The use of probabilistic methods in planning the power system becomes necessary for a power system consisting of a large amount of less predictable sources. However, these probabilistic methods are currently limited to long-term planning due to their high computation time. In this thesis, a new probabilistic approach based on a coupling between the law of total probability and the first order reliability method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of the power system in short-term. It takes into account the probability of unanticipated failure of system components, the uncertainty in forecasts of renewable generation and consumption. With this method, the indicators used to quantify the reliability of the power system and the use of renewable resources can be determined. Therefore, the reliability of the power system incorporating less predictable renewable energy can be evaluated. The low computation time of the method allows it to be used to validate the short term planning, which is made one day in advance to the considered day (J)
Joumni, Haitham. "Les instruments d'appui au développement des énergies renouvelables dans les PED : une évaluation comparative dans le cadre du développement durable et du protocole de Kyoto." Versailles-St Quentin-en-Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS022S.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Saint Jean Myriam. "Étude énergétique et évaluation économique d'une boucle de stockage - déstockage d'énergie électrique d'origine renouvelable sur méthane de synthèse à l'aide d'un convertisseur électrochimique réversible SOEC - SOFC." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0051/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work focuses on a Power-to-SNG process, especially on its energy efficiency and its economic competitiveness in the current context. It also aims at determining if the reversibility with a Gas-to-Power working mode is interesting from energy and financial considerations. The main steps required into a Power-to-SNG process, identified thanks to a review of the state of the art, are steam electrolysis for hydrogen production, followed by methane production thanks to the Sabatier reaction and a final step of gas purification to meet the composition requirements for gas network injection. Here, electrolysis is led into solid oxide cells. Power-to-SNG process simulations, led with ProsimPlus 3, indicate that the thermal coupling between methanation and the generation of steam to feed the electrolyzer is pertinent, the process energy efficiency achieving 75.8%. Concerning the Gas-to-Power process, its solid oxide fuel cell is pressurized to use additional thermodynamic cycles. The fuel cell is fed with pure hydrogen stream due to reversibility considerations, this limiting the energy efficiency, which highest value here is evaluated at 44.6%. The economic analysis includes experimental based data concerning electrochemical performances and degradation. They are obtained on a commercial cell tested at the thermoneutral voltage with a high steam conversion rate, these conditions being close to what can be expected for industrial process. They are used to calculate the levelized cost of the SNG produced by the Power-to-SNG process and the levelized cost of electricity produced by the reverse process. Investment and operating cost of these processes are important, leading to a high levelized cost of electricity. In the conditions of this study, adding the Gas-to-Power working mode to a Power-to-SNG process is not economically pertinent
Dagdougui, Hanane. "Système d'aide à la décision pour la durabilité des systèmes énergétiques renouvelables et des infrastructures d'hydrogène : modélisation, contrôle et analyse de risques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679421.
Повний текст джерелаGuinot, Benjamin. "Evaluation multicritère des technologies de stockage couplées aux énergies renouvelables : conception et réalisation de la plateforme de simulation ODYSSEY pour l'optimisation du dimensionnement et de la gestion énergétique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934515.
Повний текст джерелаRodney, Elodie. "Développement d’une méthode de gestion des risques de projet et d’aide à la décision en contexte incertain : application au domaine des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0399/document.
Повний текст джерелаRisk is an inherent property of each project. Indeed, any project faces, throughout its whole life cycle, numerous risks. Those risks can have an internal or an external origin. Be able to control risks is a crucial stake for the project success. Many risk management tools have been developed, but have the recurring weakness of representing only the project and treating the risk in isolation. Risks affect the project and are generated by the project itself. So, it is necessary to consider the numerous and complex interactions between project, environment and risks.The work carried out aims to develop a risk management method suitable for all types of projects and more particularly for projects of the competitive field of renewable energies.This method relies on a formal framework, as well as on application tools to optimize project risk management. Indeed, a modeling framework which supports the method and aims to facilitate the modeling of the project as a complex system has been developed. Moreover, the representation of the interactions and the decision making have been allowed by the nature of the attributes characterizing the entities of the project and its environment and the different models for evaluation, interpretation and selection of alternatives. This method was adapted to the uncertain context. For this purpose, uncertainties have been identified and described via the realization of a data base on risk factors. Then, uncertainties have been formalized, propagated and evaluated
Alhazmi, Hatem. "Une approche analyse de cycle de vie intégrée pour la durabilité. Application à l'évaluation environnementale de processus de dessalement de l'eau (dans le cas d'Arabie Saoudite)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI072.
Повний текст джерелаThe scarcity of fresh water with enough (good) quality for human been is a problem which becomes more acute day by day. The increasing human populations along with increasing industrial and agricultural activities are adding more burden towered the depletion and pollution of fresh water resources. This situation becomes more serious in countries with limit water resources as Saudi Arabia which is the largest country in the world without natural fresh water resources. At the same time, Saudi Arabia is the third-largest per capita water consumer worldwide. To overcome the water shortage, sea water desalination technology has been used so far. Despite more than thirty-two desalination plants, the country faces a significant challenge to supply its population with the required amount of water. In this context, in the first place, this thesis presents a method for producing the required amount of water with minimal environmental impact while maintaining the required water quality need to be developed. Further, the possibilities of alternative energy in reducing the environmental impact from desalination needs are investigated, along with the suitability of different types of alternative energy that could be utilized in the particularly case of Saudi Arabia. Life cycle assessment (LCA) being a holistic method of assessing the environmental impacts of products it was used to assess the environmental impact of the desalination process and identifying the main reasons behind this damages. For this purpose, a collaboration with a desalination plant in Saudi Arabia was set up, which included visiting the plant several times. This allowed us to understand the desalination process, collect the required data and consider the possibilities of introducing alternative energy sources to power the desalination plants. In order to assess the environmental impact of the desalination process a LCA based on SimaPro software was performed. The results of the study showed that the most likely choice of desalination technology within the Saudi Arabian context is Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination. The LCA model showed also that electricity produced from fossil fuel was the responsible of 92.8% of the environmental damages. Further, the most suitable alternatives to produce electricity to RO desalination are solar energy and wind energy instead of fossil crude oil. The LCA showed that using alternative energy as the source to supply electricity to desalination may substantially reduce the environmental impact