Дисертації з теми "Énergie de la biomasse – Recherche"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Énergie de la biomasse – Recherche".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Fadlalla, Mohamed Elyaman. "Rétention, transport de matière et conversion dans un réacteur transpaille." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20124.
Повний текст джерелаZandi, Atashbar Nasim. "Modeling and Optimization of Biomass Supply Chains for Several Bio-refineries." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0038.
Повний текст джерелаBiomass can play a crucial role as one of the main sources of renewable energies. As logistics holds a significant share of biomass cost, efficient biomass supply chains must be designed to provide bio-refineries with adequate quantities of biomass at reasonable prices and appropriate times. This thesis focuses on modeling and optimization of multi-biomass supply chains for several bio-refineries. A data model is developed to list, analyze and structure the set of required data, in a logical way. The result is a set of tables that can be loaded into mathematical models for solving optimization problems. Then, a multi-period mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to optimize a multi-biomass supply chains for several bio-refineries, at the tactical and strategic level. Refineries can be already placed or located by the model. The aim is to minimize the total costs, including biomass production, storage, handling, refineries setup and transportation costs, while satisfying the demand of refineries in each period. Additionally, a multi-objective model is developed to optimize simultaneously the economic and environmental performance of biomass supply chains. The model is solved by using the ε-constraint method. Furthermore, large-scale tests on real data for two regions of France (Picardie & Champagne-Ardenne) are prepared to evaluate the proposed models. Finally, two-phase approaches are proposed to solve large-scale instances in reasonable running times, while evaluating the loss of optimality compared to the exact model
Shah, Narendra. "Carbonisation discontinue du bois en four à combustion partielle : contribution à la connaissance des phénomènes et recherche d'une méthode de gestion." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD289.
Повний текст джерелаPoggi-Parodi, Dante. "Une approche de biologie systémique pour développer des souches industrielles performantes de Trichoderma reesei." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066721.
Повний текст джерелаA lot of progress had been done in recent years to understand the regulation of synthesis and secretion of cellulases in the fungus Trichoderma reesei. However, the production cost of cellulases still remains one of the most important limiting steps in the production of bioethanol from lignocellulose. It is in this context that my PhD project has been developed: to genetic engineering T. reesei strains to increase its cellulase production and its adaptation to industrial conditions. First, we conducted a transcriptome analysis to an improved lineage of industrial strains during cellulase production following conditions close to the industrial process (lactose as inducer and fed-batch culture in bioreactor). We found specifically regulated genes for the most performant strain, possibly involved in its high cellulase production capacity. Then, we identified which regulated genes from transcriptome were involved in cellulase production. For this purpose mutated strains for highly regulated genes were constructed and their phenotype assessed. Three mutated genes showed to impact cellulase production and their function gave us an insight into new mechanisms being regulated. Finally, we explored the expression differences when we used a lignocellulose hydrolysate as cellulases inducer instead of lactose. A transcriptomic study of cellulases production on lignocellulose hydrolysates and lactose, allowed us to characterize the differences in regulated genes between these inducers. In addition, a group of genes probably related to detoxification was identified and could be used in the future to develop an inhibitor resistant strain
Ba, Birome Holo. "Modélisation et optimisation de chaines d'approvisionnement en biomasses pour des bioraffineries." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research works of this thesis address the problem of modeling and optimizing biomass supply chains for biorefineries. Indeed, efficient supply chains are essential to provide conversion facilities with sufficient quantities of quality biomass at reasonable prices. The problem is described and modeled.A network model and a data model are developed to allow to describe the structure of the supply chain and its data, without affecting the underlying mathematical model. The latter is a mixed-integer linear programming that combines for the first time various aspects, either original or tackled separately in the literature. For given refinery needs, its exact resolution by CPLEX specifies the logistic activities in the network (amounts harvested, baled, transported, stored etc.) and the necessary equipment, in order to minimize a total cost including harvesting costs, transport costs and storage costs. Case studies are described to illustrate this multi-biomass and multi-period tactical planning model.A more compact model is also elaborated to cope with large-scale instances. It is illustrated using a real case study for a bio-refinery planned near Compiègne, France.Finally, the developments conducted for the implementation of a prototype of decision-support application are presented and recommendations for coming to a commercial software are proposed
Lê, Ngọc Huyền Trân. "Transformation de la biomasse aérienne de Miscanthus giganteus : aptitude à la dégradation enzymatique et valorisation des coproduits en agro-matériaux." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0100.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of plant resources in renewable materials and energy is receiving increased interest. In this respect, Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) is a perennial grass showing great potential as a raw material for bioethanol production. The plant biomass can be harvested at different dates, in autumn (early harvest) in order to maximize yield, and in winter (delayed harvest). The main objectives were first to evaluate the impact of harvesting date (early, late) on the chemical composition susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification of miscanthus aiming at production second generation bioethanol, second to explore the use of lignocellulosic byproduct into agromaterials. The proportion of soluble fraction is mainly affected by the harvesting date while few change occurred in the cell wall composition. Chemical heterogeneity according to the type of organ leads to variation in susceptibility to saccharification. Owing to its high recalcitrance towards enzymatic conversion, a chemical pretreatment is required. Ammonia pretreated biomass is more prone to saccharification compared to acid treated samples. Following ammonia treatment, early harvested biomass is shown to be more efficiently converted by enzymes than a diluted acid pretreatment. Then the use of solid byproducts into cementitious material and self-binding fiberboards is explored. The obtained cementitious material had a great workability and interesting mechanical properties. Enzymatic treatment does not improve the delay in the setting time of the lignocellulosic composite. In contrast to the raw miscanthus, fiberboards are obtained by hot-pressing of byproducts from the saccharified biomass. Nevertheless, industrial applications would still require further improvements of the composites properties
Le, Brech Yann. "Analyse des mécanismes primaires de pyrolyse de la biomasse." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0106/document.
Повний текст джерелаCurrent research studies focus on biomass thermochemical conversion to produce other energetic vectors more appropriate to be conveyed, such as electricity, gas or liquid products. Pyrolysis is the first mechanism occurring in all thermochemical processes for solid fuels conversion (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis). It controls in a large extent products (gas, condensables and char) distribution and composition. The prediction of pyrolysis products and the understanding of the chemical mechanisms are thus pivotal for developing thermochemical reactors. Extensive work has been conducted for more than one century but the important heterogeneity of biomasses and pyrolysis conditions make it difficult to encompass a global chemical mechanism. The aim of this study is to develop complementary analyses of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis is conducted in a fixed bed reactor under slow pyrolysis conditions (5 K/min), for a wide range of final temperature (200°C and 500°C) and for different biomasses (miscanthus, douglas and oak). Various analytical methods have been used in order to characterise the pyrolysis products: nuclear magnetic resonance (carbon 13C and proton 1H NMR), Calorimetry, Thermogravimetry, GC/MS (Gas Chromatography and Mass spectrometry), LC/MS (Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry) and soft ionization mass spectrometry (Single Photo Ionisation SPI). Original analytical methods such as 2D NMR HETCOR 1H-13C (for the analysis of chemical moieties in char) and high temperature 1H NMR (for in-situ analysis of mobile protons) have been used. The latter allowed a novel characterization of the interaction between biomass and minerals during pyrolysis
Ndiaye, Fatou Toutie Lédé Jacques Ferrer Monique. "Pyrolyse de la biomasse en réacteur cyclone - Recherche des conditions optimales de fonctionnement." S. l. : INPL, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_NDIAYE_F_T.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLobos, Buschmann Jorge Alejandro. "Dynamique de populations épuratives en réacteur ferme et en bioréacteur à membranes continu et séquencé : influence du critère "substrat/biomasse"." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20098.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this memory is to provide a fundamental understanding of the metabolic ways and bacterial processes in submerged membranes bioreactors (MBR) operated at high solid retention times. The intensification of the membrane separation was studied as well. In a first experimental batch study, the role of the ratio S0/X0 (substrat/biomasse) was clarified. A cellular multiplication process is favoured at high ratios S0/X0 while a storage compound synthesis process is dominant at low ratios. The membranes bioreactors operation was carried on under continuous and sequencing feeds, with a synthetic effluent based on acetate and Viandox®. Comparatively, the performances of the MBR operated in continuous way were more satisfactory with respect to organic matter removal, sludge production and separation. The lower conversion yields substrate to biomass obtained, were associated to the intensification of maintenance cells functions, lysis process and predation activity. The modelling of the system, with the models of Pirt and ASM3, shows a stabilisation of the active biomass concentration and a constant inert materials accumulation (resulting from endogenous respiration). The interest of estimate this fraction of active biomass (lower than 20% in our operational conditions) is underlined. With regard to membrane separation, the biomass accumulated around the fibres seems not play a crucial role in the fouling process. The influence of the macromolecular compounds has been also studied
Pelletier, Chloé. "Analyse environnementale et économique des filières bois-énergie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0331/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to conduct the environmental and economic analysis of several wood-to-energy production chains based on various wood combustion technologies. The material and energy balances of the production chains are determined with modeling of forest growth and of wood combustion. The wood combustion models use the emission factors from real-scale experimental tests on stoves and boilers. Forest growth is modeled for maritime pine and beech plantations, according to several forest management schemes. The data on the harvest, transformation, and transport steps, as well as the economic data, were taken from the literature. The environmental analysis compares the impacts calculated by two methods: ReCiPe and CML 2001. A dynamic analysis of the “climate change” impact complements the discussion on the environmental impacts of energy wood. Finally, we open a broader perspective with modeling of land use and production costs of bioenergy on a global scale. The results of the Life Cycle Analysis show the importance of both combustion quality (linked to combustion technology), and the transformation and transport steps. For instance, pellet stoves and boilers have excellent efficiencies, but suffer from the consumption of fossil fuels to dry the biomass. These technologies are also much more expensive to buy than log stoves or boilers. The dynamic analysis shows that the intensification of wood production via the shortening of growth cycles leads to higher impacts that are not completely offset by the higher production rate
Wouters, Denis. "Recherche de nouveaux bosons légers en astronomie de haute énergie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065648.
Повний текст джерелаGotzig, Bernhard. "Recherche du schéma optimal d'exploitation d'un réseau de distribution électrique." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0209.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is the exploration of the do main of the optimisation of the radial topology of a distribution system for different operation states on a real time basis. We have therefore developed several powerful computation utilities, especially a unified approach which may be used both for the optimisation in the normal state and for finding a restoration plan for the isolated llnfalllted areas in the case of an OLltage of an element in the network. In arder to satisfy the real time constraint, we have L1sed heuristic methods which permit the global optimum to be approached effeciently within a very short computation time. The verification of the results obtained by the heuristic methods is done using optimisation methods which are more dedicated for the research of the global optimum. In validating the proposed method with reallarge scale distribution networks, we have shown the efficiency of our approach in both computation time and the quality of the results
Ndiaye, Fatou Toutie. "Pyrolyse de la biomasse en réacteur cyclone - Recherche des conditions optimales de fonctionnement." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL013N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe usual processes of biomass thermal upgrading are designed for the production of bio-oils or of gases rich in CO, CO2, H2 and light hydrocarbons for energy or chemical productions. The laboratory-scaled set-up used in this study includes a cyclone reactor, heated at its walls and able to carry out the fast pyroliquefaction or pyrogazeification by simply changing the operating conditions. The reaction products (charcoal, liquids and gases) are recovered and analyzed. The masses and elementary (C, H, O) balances closures are very accurate. Pyroliquefaction conditions are favoured by low walls temperatures and small carrier gas flowrates. The bio-oils fractions increase with the biomass flowrate. The particles size has only a weak influence on gas, liquids and charcoal selectivities. A model representing the cyclone behaviour is established by taking into account the hydrodynamics of the gases and solids, and the wall-gas and wall-solids heat transfer laws inside the cyclone. This general model includes also a model of particle decomposition (scheme of fast pyrolysis in competition with heat transfers) and a model of vapours cracking. Validated successively with cellulose and then with wood, it allows to predict the variations of the selectivities according to the operating conditions. The model shows that the cracking reactions occur mainly inside a thin boundary layer close to the hot walls. Two laws (pyrogazeification and pyroliquefaction) gathering the various operational parameters that control the performances of the reactor are finally proposed
Cabanne, Serge. "De la fabrication à l'utilisation d'un combustible composite nouveau : le biofuel." Pau, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PAUU3007.
Повний текст джерелаCore, L. "Recherche de neutrinos de ultra haute énergie à l'aide du telescope ANTARES." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969098.
Повний текст джерелаHe, Zhaofeng. "Recherche d'indicateurs de stabilité transitoire de réseaux électriques." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT105H.
Повний текст джерелаBenoit, Isabelle. "Expression et caractérisation fonctionnelle des cinnamoyl esterases d'aspergillus niger pour les biotechnologies blanches." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11008.
Повний текст джерелаZinkone, Téné Rosine. "Broyage à billes de microalgues : étude et modélisation par classe de taille, application au bioraffinage." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4084/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicroalgae are a sustainable feedstock for high value products and to produce 3rd generation biofuels. However, for a bulk production of microalgae it is necessary to consider a "biorefinery" approach which includes the complete valorization of the biomass. The wet route of microalgae biorefinery requires the disruption of cell walls and cell membranes to release the biomolecules. The disruption method is crucial since it determines the costs, the yields and the complexity of the fractionation and purification steps. Bead milling is an efficient mechanical cell disruption method that can be used at large scale and allows a mild or even selective release of intracellular molecules. The disruption mechanisms are complex and the large number of parameters increases the costs of the optimization of the operating conditions. The current study is focused on developing a predictive model for the cell disruption kinetics that takes into account the specificities of microalgae. The model includes the effect of cell size, hydrodynamics in the equipment, and the effect of the operating parameters. The model is usedto minimize energy consumption and for transposition of experimental results at large scale
Rivera, Tinoco Rodrigo. "Etude technico-économique de la production d'hydrogène à partir de l'électrolyse haute température pour différentes sources d'énergie thermique." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005346.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focus on the techno-economic study of massive hydrogen production by the High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) process and also deals with the possibility of producing the steam needed in the process by using different thermal energy sources. Among several sources, those retained in this study are the biomass and domestic waste incineration units, as well as two nuclear reactors (European Pressurised water Reactor – EPR and Sodium Fast Reactor – SFR). Firstly, the technical evaluation of the steam production by each of these sources was carried out. Then, the design and modelling of the equipments composing the process, specially the electrolysers (Solid Oxides Electrolysis Cells), are presented. Finally, the hydrogen production cost for each energy sources coupled with the HTE process is calculated. Moreover, several sensibility studies were performed in order to determine the process key parameter and to evaluate the influence of the unit size effect, the electric energy cost, maintenance, the cells current density, their investment cost and their lifespan on the hydrogen production cost. Our results show that the thermal energy cost is much more influent on the hydrogen production cost than the steam temperature at the outlet stream of the thermal source. It seems also that the key parameters for this process are the electric energy cost and the cells lifespan. The first one contributes for more than 70% of the hydrogen production cost. From several cell lifespan values, it seems that a 3 year value, rather than 1 year, could lead to a hydrogen production cost reduced on 34%. However, longer lifespan values going from 5 to 10 years would only lead to a 8% reduction on the hydrogen production cost
Jackowiak, David. "Prétraitement de biomasses lignocellulosiques par microondes pour l'amélioration du procédé de biométhanisation." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1921.
Повний текст джерелаThe structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass are known to be critical points to use this material in anaerobic digestion. Indeed, the presence of lignin forms a physical barrier and induces a non-productive adsorption and activity of enzymes. Therefore, this thesis aims at to study the effects of microwave heating of lignocellulosic material, especially on matter solubilisation through soluble COD, and on anaerobic digestion through BMP assays. Experimental studies were carried out on wheat straw and switchgrass, and revealed that their microwave pretreatments led to increase of matter solubilisation and an improvement of their anaerobic digestibility. The best conditions found are the highest heating rate for a final temperature 150°C without any holding time. A temperature beyond 150°C induces an increase of matter solubilisation but decreases the biodegradability of lignocellulosic material. This work studied also the energy balance. The energy calculated from the difference of methane production between treated and untreated sample does not compensate the energy consumed by the microwave pretreatment, at least with the microwave devices used. It therefore appears necessary to study the development of adapted industrial apparatus
Souchard, Julien. "Recherche de photons cosmogéniques dans le flux des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute énergie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY030.
Повний текст джерелаUltrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), whose origin is still mysterious, provide a unique probe of the most extreme environments in the universe, of the intergalactic space and of particle physics beyond the reach of terrestrial accelerators. UHECRs are very scarce and their characteristics are inferred from the measurement of extensive air showers they produce.The Pierre Auger Observatory located in the province of Mendoza (Argentina) and covering 3000 square kilometres, brings unique capabilities to the UHECR study. It combines two techniques to measure the EAS properties by observing their longitudinal development in the atmosphere with the fluorescence detector (FD) consisting in 27 fluorescence telescopes, as well as their lateral spread at ground level with the surface detector (SD) consisting of 1660 autonomously operated water-Cherenkov detectors.The Pierre Auger Observatory started operating more than a decade ago. Outperforming preceding experiments both in size and in precision, it has boosted forward the field of UHECRs as witnessed by a wealth of results.But any harvest of new results also calls for new questions: what is the true nature of the spectral suppression: a propagation effect (so-called Greisen, Zatsepin and Kuz'min or GZK cutoff) or cosmic accelerators running out of steam? What is the composition of UHECRs at the highest energies? In order to answer these questions, the Auger Collaboration is undertaking a major upgrade program of its detectors, the AugerPrime project, designed to improve the knowledge on mass composition, mainly by discriminating electromagnetic and muonic shower components from SD-based observables, by having a further and independent measurement. Scintillator detectors will be settled on each of the 1660 Water Cherenkov detectors, with new electronics providing higher performances.The AUGER team of the LPSC assumes responsibilities in the in the monitoring and the follow-up of the performances of the SD, and contributes in an essential way to the project of improvement and renovation of the electronics. Furthermore, a part of scintillators will be assembled and tested in the LPSC in 2017.One of the main objectives of AugerPrime is the understanding of the suppression of the RCUHE flux at the highest energies. If it is the signature of propagation effect, the famous ' GZK ' effect, the detection of « cosmogenic » photons of ultra high energy can provide an independent evidence of the existence of this effect allowing to constrain the astrophysical scenarios. The lastest results from photon search in Auger data allowed to derive upper limits on the expected flux, at the level of the optimistic predictions of GZK models. The Observatory has no rivals in term of sensibility in UHE photon search, and with the future data, and the improvements brought to the detection, this sensibility will increase. The thesis work will consist mainly in data analysis to identify the air showers produced by UHE photons. New reconstruction methods and event selection procedures should be designed and implemented to exploit at best the detector performances
Roucelle, Cécile. "Recherche des photons d'ultra haute énergie dans les données de l'observatoire Pierre AUGER." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077188.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the trails that may lead to the understanding of the existence of the highest energy cosmic rays (≥10²º eV) relies on the decay of super heavy relies of the primordial Universe or topological defects. The remarkable common feature of these so called top-down models is the prediction that a significant fraction of the cosmic rays would be photons. The atmospheric showers triggered by high energy photons have a different development as compared to those induced by a hadronic primary. The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify photon induced showers using the surface detecter of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Using the data recorded since 2004, we have established a very low upper limit on the photon fraction by developing a specific analysis for photon induced showers and comparing the Auger events with a set of simulated photon induced showers. This limit brings a new constraint on the top-down models. We have also searched for the signature of the conversion of ultra high energy photons in the geomagnetic field, potentially observable in the arrivai directions of the events with energies above 10¹⁹̇̇̇̇̄̇̇̇̇̇̇·⁵ eV. No such effect has been observed. The ultra massive particles such as those expected from top-down models should cluster through gravitational attraction and follow the dark matter profiles. We have therefore also searched the southern sky for preferred directions with Auger events selected as exhibiting the most photon-like characteristics. No significant excess in any direction is found
Le, Borgne François. "Développement d'un photobioréacteur solaire intensifié en vue de la production à grande échelle de biomasse microalgale." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2025.
Повний текст джерелаBrière, Thierry. "Valorisation chimique de la bagasse de canne à sucre : synthèse de l'hydroxy-méthyl-furfural." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20044.
Повний текст джерелаBecker, Jean-Jacques. "Étude des débouchés énergétiques de l'agriculture en complément des débouchés agricoles traditionnels." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090109.
Повний текст джерелаTabka, Mohamed Ghazi. "Mise en oeuvre d'oxydo-réductases et d'hydrolases fongiques pour la destructuration orientée de matériaux ligno-cellulosiques en vue de produire du bioéthanol." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11037.
Повний текст джерелаLorreyte, Clarisse. "Etudes numérique et expérimentale de la synthèse de biogaz : vers la transformation thermochimique solaire de copeaux de bois." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS033.
Повний текст джерелаThermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass belongs to attractive technologies which are viable routes to reduce reliance on fossil energy and to enhance carbon conversion efficiency. Nevertheless, classical gasification process via autothermal combustion of biomass presents severe drawbacks as bad yield and produced important pollutants. Solar concentrated energy enables high temperature reactions with reduced contaminating gas and higher yield. In this context, this thesis aims at developing experimental and numerical approaches to study detailed mechanism of pyrolysis and gasification processes of wood chips packed bed which are key step toward designing efficient solar gasifier. In a first time, inner properties of wood (initial composition and thermal decomposition) were studied via ultimate and proximate analyzes. Structural and morphological properties of wood chips were computed using image analysis. Effective mass and heat transport properties of the packed bed were assessed via direct numerical simulation combined with X-ray tomographic images. Then a laboratory scale device enabling to characterize pyrolysis and gasification kinetics and gas production was developed. The aim of this experimental work was to understand the impact of parameters such as drying and pyrolysis temperatures, and the steam flow rate during gasification. A multiphysical model of pyrolysis of wood chips packed bed was also developed. It allowed to perform detailed study of pyrolysis physics and in fine it will allow optimizing the pyrolysis/gasification process. Finally, a first design for a solar gasifier was reported and constitutes the basis of further studies
Ruiz, Bailon Miguel. "Traitement physique et catalytique des vapeurs de pyrolyse flash : vers la double valorisation matière-énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG025/document.
Повний текст джерелаFlash pyrolysis (FP) is an efficient thermochemical route to convert biomass in bio-oils. Bio-oils are energetic and material renewable vectors with a high potential to replace fossil fuel. Nevertheless, bio-oils are high oxygenated and acidic liquids with a high content of solid particles. These particular physico-chemical properties are the main drawbacks that hinder the development of industrials bio-oil applications. The main goal of this work has been to upgrade the quality of flash pyrolysis oils. To reach this goal, we developed an ex-situ post-treatment unit composed of: a hot has filter unit (HGF) and a fixed bed catalytic reactor.Firstly, several experimental campaigns, conducted at laboratory and pilot scale, shown the impact of three HGF parameters (HGF temperature, HGF char thickness, and inorganic content of raw biomass) in the nature and extension of secondary reactions inside the HGF unit. In addition, limitations concerning to long-term process operation of HGF units were identified. Secondly, the catalytic activity of several materials in the form of pellets was investigated. Micro porous zeolite HMFI-90 showed a high activity on the conversion of light oxygenated molecules such as: acids, aldehydes and ketones. A parametric study allowed us to identify a compromise between the rise in the energy content of catalytic bio-oils and the loss in the organic yield. Lastly, taking into consideration the complex (multicomponent and multiphase) composition of FP vapors we explored a new cascade catalytic strategy. For that, we first tested a new catalyst formulation based on iron nanoparticles supported on hierarchical porous gamma-alumina pellets (Fe/bi-Al2O3). Then, we used both catalyst (zeolite HMFI90 and Fe/bi-Al2O3) in a cascade configuration. Our results suggested that this new cascade strategy could enhance the overall catalyst treatment performance
Amy, de la Bretèque Emmanuel. "Etude du comportement thermique de modules photovoltaïques en vue de la prédiction de leur production." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11063.
Повний текст джерелаThe framework of this study is the field performance assessment of gridconnected photovoltaic modules. The efficiency of crystalline silicon modules under field conditions decreases linearly with their operating temperature, compared to the efficiency under standard test conditions (STC). Hence, neither the peak power nor the efficiency at STC is representative of the mean operating performance. The purpose of this work is to develop a model for the PV modules thermal behaviour, which may easily be implemented in field performance assessment prediction methods. The model delivers an estimate of mean module temperature over the whole plane-of-array irradiance range, which is a parameter of the site profile description of local climates. The wind speed probability density function enables taking the average solution of the module energy balance equation. A quantification of thermal losses is achieved by empirical optimization of phenomenological models. Supposing that wind speed and solar irradiance might be considered independent as stochastic variables eventually delivers a characterization of local climate by energy-weighted averages of meteorological parameters. The experimental study of a 1. 1 kWp roof mounted photovoltaic systems illustrates and validates the proposed models
Halladjian, Garabed. "Recherche de neutrinos cosmiques de haute-énergie émis par des sources ponctuelles avec ANTARES." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798866.
Повний текст джерелаCollard, François-Xavier. "Nouvelles stratégies catalytiques pour la gazéification de la biomasse : influence de métaux imprégnés sur les mécanismes de pyrolyse." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2022.
Повний текст джерелаThe very promising development of the use of biomass for biofuel production by gasification is slowed down owing to too high tar concentration in the gas produced by this process. Recent works showed that, when impregnated in biomass, metals display catalytic activity that results in a significant decrease in the production of the primary tars, during the pyrolysis step, which precedes the oxidation reactions. The main aim of this work was to assess the effect of impregnated metals on pyrolysis mechanisms and on the tar yield of this step. The reactivity of the metal-doped char produced, during the oxidation reactions, was also evaluated. The study of the influence of iron and nickel on the pyrolysis conversion of the main polymers that form biomass (i. E. Cellulose, xylan and lignin) and of biomass samples showed that impregnated metals mainly catalyzed the mechanisms of char formation. This phenomenon inhibited the depolymerization and fragmentation reactions, which are responsible for most tar formation. When impregnated in the amorphous phase of the polysaccharides, nickel also promoted some depolymerization reactions. This result explains the bigger decrease in tar production obtained with iron than with nickel. However, nickel was more efficient in limiting the production of molecules containing a benzene ring and to catalyze the secondary reactions of volatile compounds. During gasification tests, the conversion of the iron-doped char revealed problems of deactivation of the metal catalyst, which led to a decrease in the reaction rate of the oxidation reaction. On the contrary, the catalytic activity of nickel was stable and made possible the oxidation reactions of char at 600 °C with CO2 and at 500 °C with steam. These findings show that the approach which consists in impregnating biomass with metals, allows considering the implementation of gasification processes at low temperature, which could limit the tar problem and could improve the energy conversion efficiency of these processes
Alayoubi, Ranim. "Production de bioéthanol à partir d'hydrolysats enzymatiques de substrats (ligno)cellulosiques prétraités par des liquides ioniques." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0009.
Повний текст джерелаThe lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), derived from forest and/or agricultural residues, represents a promising and renewable feedstook to produce second generation bioethanol and to handle the depletion of fossil fuels. The bioethanol production process applied in this study starts with a LCB pretreatment using two hydrophilic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), the 1-éthyl-3-méthylimidazolium acétate [Emim][OAc] and the 1-éthyl-3-méthylimidazolium méthylphosphonate [Emim][MeO(H)PO2], followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulases from Trichoderma reesei and xylanases from Trichoderma longibrachiatum and a microbial ethanolic fermentation tested with four yeast species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Scheffersomyces shehatae and Scheffersomyces stipitis. Two real LCBs were studied : the white willow (forest residue) and the destarched wheat bran (agricultural residue). The results showed that IL-pretreatment of LCBs at 35°C improves the polysaccharides enzymatic digestibility (up to +56.7% for glucose yields and up to +31.1% for xylose yields) in comparison with the control without pretreatment. In addition, the performance of ethanolic fermentation processes is enhanced by a factor of 1.3 to 4.6 depending on the substrate studied and the yeast species used. Thus, ILs are promising solvents for the pretreatment of (ligno)cellulose at low temperatures allowing an improvement in enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanolic production yields
Lefebvre, Emeline. "Procédé par absorption avec stockage d’énergie solaire intersaisonnier intensifié par la cristallisation de l’absorbant : recherche & caractérisation thermodynamique de nouveaux couples : conception de la cuve de stockage." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10248.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of solar energy as a renewable energy has been widely demonstrated since many years. Thermal solar energy storage is an interesting way of reducing gas emissions. This storage can be achieved using water vapor absorption-desorption in a binary system with a desiccant salt. The innovation of this project is the crystallization of the salt solution as its temperature falls under the storage temperature to optimize the storage capacity. A previous work was realized using LiBr as absorbent. In spite of its interesting efficiency, two major drawbacks have been underlined: its price and its low storage capacity. This work is dedicated to evaluate and characterize new potential candidates of absorbent usable in the industrial process. The first chapter presents a bibliography report of the various thermal energy processes. The second and third chapters display the thermodynamical properties of the selected binary systems, calculated from calorimetric and vapor pressure measurements, and calculated process parameters which lead to select the new absorbent. The fourth chapter is based on the study of the solid/liquid/gas equilibrium of the new binary system and of LiBr/H20 to characterize the crystallized phases in many different equilibrium states. Finally, the last chapter presents a preliminary study of the CFD modeling of the non-isothermal flow in the storage tank and the suggested geometries tested for the crystallization of KHCOO in the storage tank
Niedercorn, F. "Recherche de particules supersymétriques dans le canal jets et énergie manquante auprès du détecteur ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640136.
Повний текст джерелаGibelin, Julien. "Recherche de résonances dipolaires de basse énergie dans le ^{26}Ne, noyau riche en neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011600.
Повний текст джерелаA l'aide de la méthode de la masse invariante appliquée dans la voie de décroissance 25Ne+n, et en comparant la section efficace de réaction sur le plomb et sur une cible légère d'aluminium, nous observons de la force de moment angulaire égal à un entre les seuils d'émission un neutron et deux neutrons. A l'aide des distributions angulaire de diffusion du 26Ne nous en confirmons la nature et extrayons la valeur de probabilité de transition réduite dipolaire correspondante B(E1) = 0.54 (0.18) e2fm2. Notre méthode nous permet aussi d'accéder pour la première fois aux rapports d'embranchement de la décroissance d'une résonance pygmée.
Par ailleurs, en détectant les photons de décroissance des états au-dessous du seuil d'émission neutron et en analysant les distributions angulaires de diffusion du 26Ne correspondant au premier état excité 2+, nous en déduisons sa probabilité de transition réduite, à partir de l'état fondamental. La valeur obtenue de B(E2) = 87 (13) e2fm4 est en désaccord avec le résultat d'une expérience précédente.
Dastgheibi, Fard Ali. "Étude d’un détecteur sphérique gazeux pour la recherche d’événements rares à bas seuil en énergie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112297/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Spherical gaseous detector (or Spherical Proportional Counter, SPC) is a novel type of a particle detector, with a broad range of applications. Its main features in- clude a very low energy threshold which is independent of the volume (due to its very low capacitance), a good energy resolution, robustness and a single detection readout channel. SEDINE, a low background detector installed at the underground site of Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane is currently being operated and aims at measuring events at a very low energy threshold, around 40 eV. The sensitivity for the rare events detection at low energy is correlated to the detector background and to the decreasing the level of energy threshold, which was the main point of this thesis. A major effort has been devoted to the operating of the experimental detector. Several detection parameters were optimized: the electric field homogeneity in the sphere, keeping clear of sparks, the electronic noise level and the leak rate of the detector. The detector is optimized for operation with a high pressure stable gain. The modification of the shield, cleanings of the detector and the addition of an anti-Radon tent have significantly reduced the background of SEDINE. Progress has increased the sensitivity of the detector at low energy up to a value comparable to the results other underground research experiences for the low mass WIMPs. We will present the results with a measured background in the region of keV, which has allowed us to show a competitive figure of exclusion for the production of light dark matter
Niedercorn, François. "Recherche de particules supersymétriques dans le canal jets et énergie manquante auprès du détecteur ATLAS." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066672.
Повний текст джерелаKhalef, Nawel. "Contributions méthodologiques et instrumentales aux études d'interaction solide-vapeur et transformations cristallines induites en recherche et développement pharmaceutique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10015.
Повний текст джерелаA methodology together with an instrumental approach, consisting of thermal activity tracing due to changes of the vapour pressure to which the sample is exposed are proposed for solving various pharmaceutieal research, development and production problems. They allow carrying out stability/compatibility testing and studies of the effect ofvapour pressure upon ingredients physical stability, such as amorphous to crystalline changes and amorphous content measurements. Critical vapour pressures of the material are determined. They also allow solid surface characterizations such as sorption isotherms and surface energies assessments that take into account the surface heterogeneity and solubility of the material. Measuring principle and system validation are presented. Numerous examples offTequently encountered prob]ems while manipulating pharmaceutica] ingredients either chemically defined or not, are presented. Procedures reported in the literature, for amorphous content detennination using mierohygrostats containing saturated salt solutions and calorimetrie measurements are questioned and shown to be based upon wrong assumptions. The physicochemical phenomena underlying there limitations are exposed and experimentally shown. Alternative solutions using the approach described above are proposed and experimentally tested. This approach together with classical methods (HPLC, MNR, XRD. . . ) allows studying the stability of sodium cromoglycate in solution and as solid. Its various hydration steps and pseudopo]ymorphic changes are identified. More than a precious analytical tool, the instrument can be used to scale down and monitor processes for production conditions optimization
Mughal, Arshad Saleem. "Valorisation industrielle intégrée d'agro-ressources non alimentaires : contribution au développement d'une méthodologie d'analyse énergétique et environnementale basée sur le génie des procédés." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT042G.
Повний текст джерелаEpane, Géraldine. "Oxydation des sucres via la technologie des micro-ondes, en vue d’obtenir des acides carboxyliques." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0123.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims, the preparation of carboxylic acids starting from glucidic resources degradation. Microwaves organic syntheses under solventless conditions combined with the use of solid supports were privileged in an environmental and energy concern. Initially, the alkaline degradation of simple carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, mannose and saccharide on support alumina (Al2O3) was investigated. Thereafter, a second way of synthesizing carboxylic acids using strong oxidants also supported on alumina was studied. Finally, the acid degradation of glucose or fructose starting from an acid with both a catalytic and a solid support properties was carried out. In this work, the experimental designs were often used with an aim of minimizing the experiments on the one hand, but also to study the effects of the various operational parameters for an optimization of the processes
Bernardon, Guillaume. "Hydrodésoxygénation de molécules modèles sur catalyseur sulfures de nickel et de molybdène déposés sur alumine." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2331.
Повний текст джерелаBirot, Anne. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs Rhodium et Nickel/ CexZr1-xO2 pour la production d'hydrogène par vaporeformage de l'éthanol." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2304.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerned a study on catalytic behaviour of metallic catalysts (Rh or Ni) supported on earth rare oxides CexZr1-xO2 in ethanol steam reforming in order to hydrogen production. Catalyst 1%Rh/Ce0,50Zr0,50O2 showed a good activity with a good hydrogen yield. We turned a study onto understanding inter-conversion reaction between H2, CO and CO2 which lead to CH4 formation. We can also study intrinsic properties of catalysts. We can confirm basic character of catalysts and a good hydrogenation activity. A good activity in CO hydrogenation allowed to evidence a necessity to use a catalyst which less active in hydrogenation reaction and with a basic character in order to improve hydrogen yield
Schaetzle, Olivier. "Développement et étude d’une pile à combustible microbienne en vue d’une application dans le traitement des eaux." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S222.
Повний текст джерелаBouzid, Ourdia. "Exploration de la biodiversité des champignons filamenteux pour leur aptitude à produire des enzymes de transformation de composés aromatiques végétaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11002.
Повний текст джерелаBessaad, Abdelwahab. "Les récoltes intensives de bois-énergie : risque environnemental et gain économique." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://intranet.univ-orleans.fr/bibliotheques/theses/103711_BESSAAD_2020_archivage.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаForest-wood sector is a strategic sector for the mitigation of climate change, in particular through the production of fuelwood. However, the intensive harvesting of biomass can lead to a loss of forest soil fertility in the long term. The thesis work focuses on the sustainability of energy wood harvesting with (1) an environmental component, which concerns the assessment of nutrient returns by leaching during the pre-drying period, the characterization of exported biomass as well as the evaluation of dead wood on the ground (2) an economic component with an assessment of the economic impacts of a potential drop in productivity and their highlighting with the possible choices of cutting and silvicultural treatments.The Pre-drying operation of the trees proved to be unsatisfactory for an optimal return of nutrients contained in leaves and twigs. More than half of the nutrients remain exported from the forest after three months of pre-drying. The volumes of dead wood left on forests to maintain soil fertility and biodiversity were low (<10%) and below current recommendations. The risk of reduced productivity in the long term is therefore very high for the studied practices. From an economic side, whole-tree harvesting improves forest profitability on average by 40% compared to conventional harvesting, while a potential decrease in annual tree growth of 3% on average led to equivalent profitability as for conventional harvesting system. Maintaining recommended levels of ground residue (30%) does not significantly affect the expected profitability of the total wood harvest, -10% on average. Forest owners need to be aware of the role of harvest residues, supported technically and financially by forest managers and policies in order to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of wood harvesting in the long term
Kado, Marumi. "Recherche du boson de Higgs dans le canal à énergie manquante avec le détecteur ALEPH à LEP2." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006569.
Повний текст джерелаSadeghin, Bahareh. "Effect of light supply on the hydrocarbon enriched microalga, Botryococcus braunii BOT-22." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4033/document.
Повний текст джерелаBotryococcus braunii Bot-22 was cultivated in a flat-panel photobioreactor under continuous photoautotrophic conditions. Two photon flux densities (PFD) of 50 and 500 μmol photons m-2 s-1, two dilution rates of 0.178 and 0.357 d-1, three different dissolved oxygen concentration and two light periods were applied to provide different biomass and hydrocarbon production and fatty acids profile. The tenfold increase of the PAR-PFD applied on the photobioreactor surface induced a transient increase of rEX, before reaching a new steady state corresponding to a biomass productivity of 21.34 g m-2 d-1, a 360 % increase as compared to the productivity obtained under 50 μmol photons m-2 s-1. By contrast, no apparent change of rEX was observed after doubling the dilution rate at constant PFD, despite a twofold increase of the biomass productivity, up to 47.8 g m-2 d-1. The extracellular hydrocarbons productivity followed the same trend as the biomass data, reaching a maximal value of 12.4 g m-2 d-1 for an estimated biomass yield on light supply of 1.1 g mol photons-1. The highest hydrocarbon productivity was corresponding to continuous light, dilution rate of 0.357d-1, 500 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and 4 % of dissolved oxygen concentration. The main fatty acids of B. braunii race B strain BOT-22 fatty acids were, oleic acid, palmitic acid, a-linoleic acid, and stearic acid
Rengel, Ana. "Energy and environmental analyses of a bioreactor for microalgae culture for energy production." Paris, ENMP, 2010. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00631067.
Повний текст джерелаMicroalgae are photosynthetic organisms considered today for energy production. Photobioreactors are closed systems that present higher productivities than open ponds. In this study, a hydrodynamic model is developed for an internal airlift reactor and validated experimentally. Microparticles are added to the reactor at concentrations found in current microalgae cultures. Results show that gas hold-up and liquid velocities are not affected by the presence of particles. Light distribution and availability in the internal airlift reactor is calculated, taking into account biomass concentrations and algae optical properties. Light is attenuated from the wall to the reactor center while this attenuation increases with biomass concentrations. Based on two biological models, biomass productivities achieved in photobioreactors are higher than in open ponds. From biomass productivities, the reactor capacity to absorb CO2 and to release O2 is estimated. Results show that at moderate irradiances, dissolved O2 levels do not reach intoxication at low air flow rates. If natural air is injected into the reactor, CO2 and TIC become limiting therefore, it is necessary to inject CO2-enriched air. The hydrodynamics of a helical airlift reactor is also presented. Two pipe diameters are tested in the helical section. A mathematical correlation is proposed to estimate the friction factor as a function of the Reynolds number and curvature ratios. To perform microalgae culture at large scale, it is necessary to obtain a positive energy and GHGs balance. Therefore, microalgae culture has to be integrated in a system where conversion processes such as biodiesel production and anaerobic digestion are performed
Demuez, Marie. "Etude des relations structure-fonctions de l’hydrogénase à fer de Clostridium acetobutylicum avec ses partenaires d’oxydo-réduction." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000191/.
Повний текст джерелаThe biological production of hydrogen, a "clean" energy carrier, has recently aroused a great interest. The most efficient reported micro-organism for hydrogen production from hexose is the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum with a chemostat production of 2. 4 l H2 l-1 h-1, catalyzed by the HydA [FeFe]-hydrogenase. In order to understand and improve C. Acetobutylicum hydrogen potentialities, we have attempted to characterize the structure-function relationships of HydA with its redox partners. By homology with the [FeFe]-hydrogenase of Clostridium pasteurianum, the [4Fe-4S] FS4C and [2Fe-2S] FS2 clusters located on the protein surface were predicted to be involved in the inter-molecular electron transfer between HydA and its redox partners. Our goal was to determine the implication of the FS4C and FS2 clusters in this transfer. To do so, mutagenesis by amino acid substitutions and domain deletions was performed on FS4C and FS2. In order to stabilize native and modified hydrogenases, the purification protocol was improved. Native hydrogenase was successfully stabilized, while the persisting instability of modified hydrogenase was an obstacle of their catalytic characterization. Decreased activity of modified hydrogenases was due to a loss of active site functionality and to a lower iron content than the theoretical value. The physiological redox partners of HydA, ferredoxine CAC0303 and flavodoxin, were purified. The complete catalytic profile of HydA and its kinetic parameter with different redox partners for hydrogen uptake and hydrogen production were determined. The optimized purification protocol led to a significant increase of both hydrogen uptake and hydrogen production activities. We confirmed that the in vitro hydrogen uptake was more favourable than the hydrogen production. A very high kcat was determined with the artificial substrate methyl viologen for the hydrogen uptake activity. This result might indicate that methyl viologen could be prone to interact more or less directly with the active site, shunting the intra-molecular electron transfer chain. High catalytic efficiencies for both H2 uptake and H2 production activities were observed with either artificial (except for reduced methyl viologen) and physiological redox partners. This result reflects the high potential of HydA for hydrogen-related activities which is conserved with three different electron carriers. Hence, in iron-limited growth conditions, the in vivo substitution of ferredoxin by flavodoxin might not be a limitation for in vivo hydrogenase activity
Claveau, Charles-Antoine. "Construction d'un spectrographe et recherche de quasars pour le projet d'étude de l'énergie noire, DESI." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS255/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe accelerating expansion of the universe is one of the main topics of modern cosmology. It may stem from a new component, so-called dark energy, which would make up 70% of the energy content of the universe. To study its nature through its equation of state, one can measure a standard ruler given by baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) at various redshifts or for different slices of the universe. This approach was used successfully for the first time in 2005 by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-II) project. Then, the BAO signal was confirmed in 2012 by the BOSS project (SDSS-III) and then by the eBOSS project (SDSS-IV), both with galaxies and HI absorbers revealed in quasar spectra. Our group is preparing the next generation of BAO experiments by taking part in building the spectrograph of the new Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) program. This project will perform a 3D survey of several tens of millions of galaxies and quasars with the 4-meter Mayall telescope in Arizona (USA). I participated in the adjustments of the spectrograph of DESI in collaboration with our industrial partner (WINLIGHT). I was also in charge of developing an optical bench in order to check the alignment of the CCD sensors mounted within the crysotat vessels. Arrays of microlens are used to project very precisely grids of spots on the CCDs. We are able to infer the position of the CCDs according to the observed distortion of the grids of spots. In parallel, I developped algorithms for the selection of quasar candidates, the more distant objects that will be observed by DESI, based on their photometry properties by making use of machine learning tools