Дисертації з теми "Energetical optimization"
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Baysset, Guillaume. "Modélisation et simulation thermique de différentes architectures de chaine de traction d'un véhicule hybride." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0022.
Повний текст джерелаTo reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions, automotive manufacturers tend to turn increasingly towards electrified powertrains solutions, such as Hybrid Vehicles (HEV). Model Based System engineering (MBSE) and computational tools are useful to support the development of HEV systems. Global optimization needs to investigate the following system design level: architecture, component and control. The aim of this thesis is to develop a global optimization framework to design cooling system for hybrid vehicles. The methodology starts from a set of component and system requirements to automatically generate all possible system architectures. The generation of solution is based on a concept of decision tree. An energentical optimisation under hydraulic, thermal and integration cosntraitns is done on each solution generated. Finally, amulticritetria optimization is used as decision making tool to support engineers on system archtiecture choices early in the development process. This framework has been applied on a Renault project. Results showed that the system is highly dependent on its requirements. Changing system requirements can potentially modify the optimal system architecture regarding the system specifications
Kiran, Bangalore Ravi. "Energetic-lattice based optimization." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1091/document.
Повний текст джерелаHierarchical segmentation has been a model which both identifies with the construct of extracting a tree structured model of the image, while also interpreting it as an optimization problem of the optimal scale selection. Hierarchical processing is an emerging field of problems in computer vision and hyper-spectral image processing community, on account of its ability to structure high-dimensional data. Chapter 1 discusses two important concepts of Braids and Energetic lattices. Braids of partitions is a richer hierarchical partition model that provides multiple locally non-nested partitioning, while being globally a hierarchical partitioning of the space. The problem of optimization on hierarchies and further braids are non-tractable due the combinatorial nature of the problem. We provide conditions, of h-increasingness, scale-increasingness on the energy defined on partitions, to extract unique and monotonically ordered minimal partitions. Furthermore these conditions are found to be coherent with the Braid structure to perform constrained optimization on hierarchies, and more generally Braids. Chapter 2 demonstrates the Energetic lattice, and how it generalizes the Lagrangian formulation of the constrained optimization problem on hierarchies. Finally in Chapter 3 we apply the method of optimization using energetic lattices to the problem of extraction of segmentations from a hierarchy, that are proximal to a ground truth set. Chapter 4 we show how one moves from the energetic lattice on hierarchies and braids, to a numerical lattice of Jordan Curves which define a continous model of hierarchical segmentation. This model enables also to compose different functions and hierarchies
Kaczmarczyk, Václav. "Optimální metody řízení energetické spotřeby budov." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233629.
Повний текст джерелаHošek, Jaromír. "Optimalizační modely pro energetické využití odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232178.
Повний текст джерелаCarreras, Ubach Joan. "Mathematical programming for energetic, economic and environmental optimization of building design." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396315.
Повний текст джерелаEl objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar herramientas sistemáticas de soporte para la toma de decisiones basadas en métodos matemáticos para el diseño óptimo de edificios con mínimo coste y mínimo impacto ambiental. Hoy en día la sociedad es cada vez más consciente de la importancia que tiene respetar el medio ambiente. Como resultado, las autoridades y muchas empresas y consumidores están interesados en productos económicamente eficientes pero también respetuosos con el medio ambiente. En este contexto la eficiencia energética juega un papel muy importante. El aislamiento de edificios es particularmente interesante, ya que hace disminuir el consumo de energía y, consecuentemente, permite reducir también el impacto ambiental. El problema general que pretendemos solucionar en esta tesis es el diseño de edificios ambientalmente respetuosos con el mínimo coste económico, centrándonos en la optimización del aislamiento térmico exterior. Para demostrar las posibilidades de nuestras herramientas, consideramos un caso de estudio: Una casa tipo cubículo localizada en la región de Lleida. No obstatnte nuestras metodologías son suficientemente generales para trabajar con diferentes modelos de edificio, variables de decisión y funciones objetivo. Nuestros métodos se han desarrollado con la intención de ayudar a los agentes involucrados en el diseño de edificios.
The goal of this thesis is to provide systematic mathematical decision-support tools for the design of optimal buildings with minimum cost and minimum environmental impact. Nowadays the society is becoming more aware of the importance of being environmentally conscious. As a result, the authorities and many companies and consumers seek for products that are cost efficient but also environmentally friendly. Here energy efficiency plays an important role. Building insulation is particularly appealing, since it decreases the energy demand, thereby leading to significant environmental savings. The general problem we aim to solve in this thesis is the design of environmentally friendly buildings with the lowest possible cost focusing on the optimization of the external thermal insulation. To illustrate the capabilities of our approaches, we consider a case study: A house-like cubicle located in the Lleida region. However our methodology is general enough to work with different building models, decision variables and objective functions. Our methods are intended to assist decision-makers in the design of buildings.
Rulíšková, Pavla. "Energetická optimalizace polyfunkčního objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226835.
Повний текст джерелаNovotný, Jan. "Energetická bilance čistíren odpadních vod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226166.
Повний текст джерелаČížová, Barbora. "Energetická bilance městských čistíren odpadních vod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227739.
Повний текст джерелаAchilli, Isabella. "Study of a conventional Savonius rotor and optimization of a helical prototype." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15339/.
Повний текст джерелаŠomplák, Radovan. "Efektivní plánování investic do technologií pro energetické využití odpadů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240797.
Повний текст джерелаRyšavá, Veronika. "Energeticky uvědomělá optimalizace budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409874.
Повний текст джерелаGabrielli, Paolo. "Design and optimization of turbo-expanders for organic rankine cycles." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6829/.
Повний текст джерелаBrown, Geoffrey L. "Nonlinear Locomotion: Mechanics, energetics, and optimality of walking in circles and other curved paths." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339169797.
Повний текст джерелаHudec, Lukáš. "Systémy dálkového měření v energetice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218880.
Повний текст джерелаClark, Barrett C. "Energetic efficiency and stability in bipedal locomotion: 3D walking and energy-optimal perturbation rejection." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534579029132854.
Повний текст джерелаMantovanelli, Alessandro. "Microchannel heat exchangers: An attractive option for the regenerator of a mobile orc waste heat recovery system." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8639/.
Повний текст джерелаNováková, Iva. "Analýza a optimalizace tepelného chování budov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409871.
Повний текст джерелаNittinger, Eva [Verfasser], and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Rarey. "Water Molecules Within the HYDE Scoring Function : Placement, Optimization, and Energetic Contributions / Eva Nittinger ; Betreuer: Matthias Rarey." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116522772X/34.
Повний текст джерелаNittinger, Eva Verfasser], and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] [Rarey. "Water Molecules Within the HYDE Scoring Function : Placement, Optimization, and Energetic Contributions / Eva Nittinger ; Betreuer: Matthias Rarey." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-92723.
Повний текст джерелаCampari, Alessandro. "Design and optimization of an emergency system for cryogenic fuels." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23775/.
Повний текст джерелаZambelli, Monica de Souza. "Planejamento da operação energetica do sistema interligado nacional baseado em modelo de controle preditivo." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261137.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O planejamento da operação energética do Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN) é uma tarefa complexa realizada por meio de uma cadeia de modelos de médio, curto e curtíssimo prazo acoplados entre si, cada um com considerações pertinentes à etapa que aborda. A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar uma alternativa para o planejamento da operação energética de médio prazo. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia baseada em modelo de controle preditivo, abordando os aspectos estocásticos do problema de forma implícita pela utilização de valores esperados das vazões, e fazendo uso de um modelo determinístico de otimização a usinas individualizadas, que possibilita uma representação mais precisa do sistema hidrotérmico. A análise de desempenho é feita através de simulações da operação, considerando os parques hidrelétrico e termelétrico que compõem o SIN, com restrições operativas reais, em configuração dinâmica, com plano de expansão e a possibilidade de intercâmbio e importação de mercados vizinhos. Os resultados são comparados aos fornecidos pela metodologia em vigor no setor elétrico brasileiro, notadamente o modelo NEWAVE, que determina as decisões de geração por subsistema, e o modelo Suishi-O, que as desagrega por usinas individualizadas
Abstract: The long term hydrothermal scheduling of the Brazilian Integrated System (SIN) is a complex task solved by a chain of long, medium and short term coupled models, each one with considerations pertinent to the stage of operation that it deals with. The proposal of this work is to present an alternative for the long term hydrothermal scheduling. A methodology based on model predictive control was developed, implicitly handling stochastic aspects of the problem by the use of inflows expected values, and making use of a deterministic optimization model to obtain the optimal dispatch for individualized plants, what makes possible a more accurate representation of the hydrothermal system. The performance analysis is made through simulations of the operation, taking into consideration all the hydro and thermal plants that compose the SIN, with real operative constraints, in dynamic configuration, with its expansion plan and the possibility of interchange and importation from neighboring markets. The results are compared with those provided by the approach actually in use by the Brazilian electric sector, specifically the NEWAVE model, which defines the generation decisions for the subsystems, and the Suishi-O model, that disaggregates them for the individualized plants
Doutorado
Energia Eletrica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Romani, Marco. "Flow Optimization of a MVHR combined with an Exhaust air Heat Pump by means of CFD Simulation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMarques, Thyago Carvalho. "Uma politica operativa a usinas individualizadas para o planejamento da operação energetica do sistema interligado nacional." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261140.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma polÃtica para a operação energética do Sistema Nacional (SIN), baseada na representação individualizada das usinas hidrelétricas e termelétricas, na representação detalhada das caracterÃsticas de operação dessas usinas, e na representação indireta da estocasticidade das vazões através demodelo de previsão. Essas caracterÃsticas diferem a polÃtica operativa proposta daquela em vigor no setor elétrico brasileiro, que se baseia na modelagem equivalente de sistemas hidrotérmicos interligados. Diversos estudos de caso são apresentados com o intuito de avaliar o desempenho dessa polÂ'ıtica, desde o caso de sistemas hidrotérmicos simples com uma única usina até o caso completo do SIN sob condições reais. Para esse último caso, um procedimento de ajuste da operação foi implementado para assegurar o atendimento do mercado com as restrições de intercâmbio entre os subsistemas. Análises de sensibilidade foram realizadas em relação a restrições de intercâmbio, inflexibilidade das usinas termelétricas, a importância de algumas usinas hidrelétricas e mercado
Abstract: This work presents an operational policy for the mid term hydrothermal scheduling of the Brazilian Interconnected Power System (BIPS) based on the individual representation of the hydro and thermo power plants, the detailed representation of the plantsâ?¿ features and the indirect representation of the inflow stochasticity through a forecasting model. These characteristics differs the operational policy which is in use nowadays in BIPS, which is based on four interconnected subsystems represented by composite reservoirs. Several case studies are presented to evaluate the performance of the operational policy, from the simple case with a single hydro plant system to the complete case of the whole BIPS under real conditions. For this last case an operational adjustment procedure was implemented to assure the market attendance considering interchange constraints between the subsystems. Sensitivity analyses have been done with respected to interchange, minimum thermal generation, market, importance of hydro plants and system dimension
Doutorado
Energia Eletrica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Bahini, Yacoub. "La transition énergétique et son impact sur la croissance économique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010018.
Повний текст джерелаThis work tries to approach the problem of the energy transition under a rather particular angle to raise the complexity of this transition and the fact whom we are still relatively far from handling this question in a suitable and convincing way. By discuss this problem in the first two chapters, basing on the already existing literature ; two other models were proposed to contribute modestly to this literature. These two models belong to two different families, in particular TETM and EnvETM2 who have, each, peculiarities appropriate to him, and give, generaly, rather divergent results.We deduce from results of the first model that the development of the renewable energies does not have to exceed certain level, and that the policies based on energy prices (taxes, subsidy, ...) will be more effective to accelerate the energy transition. The energy transition will not can pass with the same rhythm in all sectors, what makes that political choices must be very precise to choose the rignts sectors ans territories, to lead an optimal transition.The second model, has for objective the generalization of the model of CMM1 to explore new policies to fight against the environmental problems, caused by the massive use of the fossil energy resources, sources of GHG (greenhouse gas emissions). We can summarize the results of this model by deducing that the renewable energy must be produced over time, even with an energy price lower than its marginal cost. This implies that the renewable energies have to subsidized, as long as they remain non-competitive. The use of the renewable energies is not sufficient solution to fight against GHG emissions, in certain case we have to abate as we use ReE
Chadima, Tomáš. "Analýza vnitřního klimatu lázeňského komplexu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392187.
Повний текст джерелаJarošová, Petra. "Optimalizace vybraných parametrů pro návrh objektů s nízkou energetickou náročností." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355621.
Повний текст джерелаShi, Yi. "Research on Application of Parameter Design and Optimization of Building Thermal Model Based on Infrared Image." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Знайти повний текст джерелаKřeček, David. "Vliv architektonického konceptu na potřebu tepla na vytápění energeticky úsporných budov pro bydlení." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233244.
Повний текст джерелаGraziani, Alessandro. "Methods and tools for the optimization of renewable technologies and hybrid energy systems. Metodi e strumenti per l'ottimizzazione di tecnologie rinnovabili e sistemi energetici ibridi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423884.
Повний текст джерелаIl progetto delle Nazioni Unite "Sustainable energy for all" ha fissato tre obiettivi ambiziosi per favorire uno sviluppo sostenibile e limitare l'impatto del cambiamento climatico: - Accesso universale a moderni servizi elettrici. Tali servizi sono attualmente indisponibili per circa 1.3 miliardi di persone ed è previsto un aumento del 40% della domanda globale di energia elettrica entro il 2040, a causa dell'incremento della popolazione mondiale e delle economie in crescita nei paesi in via di sviluppo - Raddoppio del tasso globale di miglioramento dell'efficienza energetica - Raddoppio del contributo di fonti di tipo rinnovabile nel mix energetico globale Inoltre, lo scenario climatico proposto nel "fifth assessment report (AR5)" redatto da "International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)" stabilisce la necessità di ridurre l'emissione di gas ad effetto serra del 40-70%, rispetto ai valori registrati nel 2010, entro il 2050 ed eliminarli in modo quasi definitivo entro la fine del secolo con lo scopo di evitare effetti climatici indesiderati. Il raggiungimento di tali obiettivi richiede e incoraggia la diffusione di fonti energetiche rinnovabili (FER) all'interno del mix energetico globale, rimpiazzando gradualmente le fonti di energia convenzionali basate su combustibili fossili, inquinanti e in via di esaurimento, che hanno ancora l'incidenza principale nel settore energetico. A seguito nel loro sviluppo tecnologico e la crescente competitività nel mercato, le FER rivestono già un ruolo fondamentale nel mix energetico di numerose Nazioni ricoprendo il 22.1% del fabbisogno globale di energia nel 2013 e mostrando un andamento in rialzo nel 2014 (REN, 2014). Tuttavia, sono ancora cruciali politiche di supporto, ingenti investimenti privati e contributi della comunità scientifica per dimostrare l'efficacia e la sostenibilità tecnica ed economica delle FER e favorire, quindi, una loro diffusione in larga scala. In questo contesto, la seguente tesi di dottorato è rivolta allo studio, progettazione e sviluppo di metodi e strumenti per l'ottimizzazione e la valorizzazione di tecnologie energetiche rinnovabili e la loro integrazione efficace con fonti di produzione di energia convenzionali alimentate da combustibili fossili e sistemi di accumulo di energia (Sistemi energetici di tipo ibrido). I contributi scientifici disponibili in letteratura e l'analisi dei diversi scenari e delle prospettive delle FER nei vari contesti nazionali ed internazionali hanno dimostrato che la loro sostenibilità economica, e quindi la loro diffusione, è strettamente legata ad una serie di parametri tecnici, economico / finanziari e geografici. Tali parametri sono stati impiegati come input in due modelli analitici sviluppati per la progettazione tecnico-economica di impianti fotovoltaici (FV) e micro turbine eoliche e applicati per lo studio della loro fattibilità economica, attraverso analisi multi-scenario, in alcuni dei maggiori Paesi Europei. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato come l'autoconsumo dell'energia prodotta rivesta un ruolo fondamentale nella redditività economica dei citati impianti ed, in particolare, a seguito del taglio parziale o totale dei sistemi di incentivazione e l'incertezza attorno alle politiche di supporto all'interno del panorama Europeo. Lo studio specifico del profilo di domanda elettrica delle utenze e l'impiego di sistemi di accumulo di energia sono stati identificati come strategie efficaci al fine di incrementare la quota di autoconsumo. Tali considerazioni hanno portato allo sviluppo di un modello analitico utile alla progettazione tecnico-economica un sistema energetico ibrido connesso alla rete Nazionale integrante un impianto FV e un sistema di accumulo a batterie. La redditività del sistema, valutata su un caso reale, risulta comparabile a un impianto fotovoltaico privo di batterie in caso di un gap significativo tra il costo dell'energia elettrica acquistata dalla rete e il prezzo di vendita dell'energia elettrica ceduta in rete. Tuttavia, gli elevati costi dovuti all'acquisto iniziale e alle attività di manutenzione, e l'eventuale incentivazione sulla vendita dell'energia in rete, non rendono l'investimento particolarmente attrattivo per impianti connessi alla rete. L'attenzione si è quindi rivolta all'analisi tecnico-economica di sistemi energetici ibridi non connessi alla rete, comunemente definiti in isola o off-grid, per soddisfare il fabbisogno energetico di utenti in area remote e quindi prive di allaccio a una rete elettrica. In tali sistemi, i sistemi di accumulo a batterie, oltre alla capacità di accumulo dell'energia prodotta in eccesso variabili e intermittenti FER, hanno funzioni fondamentali nella gestione del sistema stesso. L'attività è stata anche rafforzata da un'applicazione industriale per la configurazione, test e installazione di due sistemi energetici ibridi in isola impiegati per soddisfare il fabbisogno energetico di un villaggio e di un sistema di telecomunicazione situati in aree remote. In parallelo, sono state svolte due attività sperimentali applicate alla promettente, ma non ancora completamente sviluppata a livello industriale, tecnologia solare a concentrazione. La prima attività riguarda la progettazione, sviluppo e test sperimentali di un prototipo in scala ridotta di concentratore solare a lenti di Fresnel per la produzione distribuita di energia elettrica, mediante l'uso di celle fotovoltaiche multi giunzione, ed energia termica a bassa temperatura, tramite un sistema di recupero termico. La seconda attività concerne lo sviluppo e test sperimentali di un prototipo di sistema di accumulo termico per impianti termodinamici alimentati da sistemi a concentrazione solare. Il sistema di accumulo consente di compensare la natura intermittente e variabile della fonte solare incrementando le ore di funzionamento dell'impianto termodinamico con i conseguenti benefici economici. Concludendo, la presente tesi di dottorato include la descrizione di metodi e strumenti per l'ottimizzazione e valorizzazione delle FER. I risultati evidenziano le criticità e potenzialità dei sistemi studiati con lo scopo di contribuire a una loro diffusione e favorire uno sviluppo sostenibile
Gengembre, Édouard. "Contribution à la construction de méta-modèles pour l’optimisation sous contraintes de critères énergétiques : application à la conception des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11723/1/gengembre.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMontenon, Alaric. "Analyse, mutualisation et optimisation par la commande de la consommation énergétique des héliostats autonomes des centrales à concentration solaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9709/1/montenon_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаtamburino, l. "The application of individual-based models to the analysis of the structure, dynamics and resource optimization in forest ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423661.
Повний текст джерелаQuesto lavoro presenta tre modelli che sono stati sviluppati usando tecniche individual-based, con lo scopo di investigare su differenti aspetti di ecosistemi forestali. Il principio di equivalenza energetica (EER) predice che nelle comunità ecologiche in uno stato di equilibrio, l’abbondanza è controbilanciata da cambiamenti del tasso metabolico, cosicché l’uso dell’energia risulta invariante per classi dimensionali. Nelle comunità forestali, generalmente si ritiene che l’EER vale per unità di superficie. Tuttavia, non sono stati fornite indicazioni esplicite per valutare la quantità di superficie effettivamente occupata da una classe dimensionale, cosa cruciale per capire come la dimensione degli alberi influenza la produttività di un dato sito. Per dirimere la questione, è stato sviluppato un semplice modello, parametrizzato sulla base di dati empirici, in cui patch identiche fra loro per superficie e risorse sono state riempite con alberi di diversa dimensione e gli alberi erano soggetti a due vincoli: spazio e risorse ipogee. Il modello ha messo in luce che la risorsa limitante per gli alberi può variare in dipendenza della dimensione, da cui segue che anche la produttività per unità di superficie varia con essa. Combinato con dati sperimentali, il modello può fornire motivazioni sul perché una foresta si presenta stratificata o sparsa (come al limite superiore del bosco), spiegando quindi l’esistenza di diverse strutture forestali. A partire da esso, è stato sviluppato un modello dinamico, parametrizzato sulla base di dati empirici, che combina tecniche individual-based con un approccio metabolico per simulare una foresta che evolve nel tempo. Essendo dinamico, le distribuzioni degli alberi non sono imposte nelle patch, ma sono il risultato della crescita e delle interazioni fra gli alberi, cosa che le rende più simili alle distribuzioni reali osservate in foresta. L’analisi dei risultati delle simulazioni hanno mostrato che il modello per molti aspetti riesce a riprodurre il comportamento osservato delle foreste reali, come il processo dell’autodiradamento, la curva della massa epigea, la struttura a mosaico e la distrubuzione delle altezze degli alberi. Un confronto quantitativo con due plot forestali ha mostrato anche un buon fitting del numero di alberi e della percentuale di superficie coperta. Questo lo rende particolarmente adatto a mettere in luce le relazioni fra struttura e uso delle risorse nell’ambito di ecosistemi forestali. Si presta inoltre ad essere usato come strumento per predire la risposta di una foresta a diversi livelli di disturbo e/o tipi di gestione. Infine, il terzo modello è stato sviluppato per gettare luce sul fenomeno del mast seeding (pasciona) negli ecosistemi forestali. Il mast seeding è la produzione sincronizzata di una grande quantità di semi a lunghi intervalli di tempo in popolazioni di piante. Si osserva in svariati generi e la sua spiegazione rimane controversa. Per testare una delle più popolari ipotesi, la "predator satiation", ho sviluppato un esperimento virtuale basato su un modello individual-based che riproduce le interazioni fra alberi e consumatori di semi in una foresta. Questo ha permesso un confronto diretto—che sarebbe stato impossibile nella realtà—fra una foresta con masting e una senza. L’ampia differenza osservata fra i due scenari supporta fortemente l’ipotesi. Allo stesso tempo, un secondo meccanismo simile al classico "paradox of enrichment" sembra svolgere un ruolo cruciale, agendo in sinergia con il "predator satiation" per tenere sotto controllo la popolazione dei consumatori. Più in generale, ho mostrato che la distribuzione delle risorse nel tempo può fortemente influenzare le dinamiche di popolazione, anche quando la quantità complessiva della risorsa si mantiene costante.
Touš, Michal. "Výpočtový systém pro výběr optimálního způsobu využití energie generované spalovacími procesy." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234148.
Повний текст джерелаSzásziová, Lenka. "Analýza interakcí v odpadovém hospodářství." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316246.
Повний текст джерелаDi, Chicco Augusto. "Optimization of a calculation scheme through the parametric study of effective nuclear cross sections and application to the estimate of neutronic parameters of the ASTRID fast nuclear reactor." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Знайти повний текст джерелаHrazdira, Adam. "Algoritmy řízení elektromobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264929.
Повний текст джерелаMartins, Leonardo Silveira de Albuquerque. "Metodo de pontos interiores não-linear para otimização deterministica a usinas individualizadas do planejamento da operação energetica do sistema interligado nacional com restrições de intercambio entre subsistemas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261136.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: A otimização determinística da operação de médio prazo de sistemas hidrotérmicos de potência é um problema não-linear de grande porte. Neste trabalho, ele é resolvido com a devida consideração das restrições de fluxo de intercâmbio energético entre os subsistemas em um único modelo. Para tanto, fez-se necessária a representação explícita do balanço energético, definido como a soma das gerações hidro e termelétrica e do intercâmbio líquido, tal que a demanda de carga seja atendida. As dificuldades algébricas e computacionais impostas pela formulação do problema são contornadas por meio de um método de pontos interiores primal-dual não-linear. Nele, é empregada busca unidimensional com filtro que, dada a implementação proposta, apesar de não garantir convergência global, mostrou-se eficaz em todas as instâncias de testes numéricos realizados, dispensando o uso de funções de mérito. A estrutura esparsa bloco-diagonal das restrições do problema é explorada com vistas à obtenção de melhor desempenho computacional. Resultados dos estudos de caso numéricos para dados reais do sistema elétrico brasileiro sob diferentes configurações são apresentados.
Abstract: This work presents the solution of the medium-term operation scheduling problem for hydrothermal power systems, a complex large-scale nonlinear problem, with consideration of power exchange between interconnected systems. This required the need to explicitly represent the power balance nonlinear equations, defined as the sum of hydro and thermal outputs, and net power imports such that load demand is attained. Algebraic and computational difficulties arisen by the problem formulation are overcome by the use of a nonlinear primal-dual interior-point line search filter method. A line search filter procedure is chosen for these are known to generally outperform penalty merit functions. Although the implementation proposed herein does not guarantee global convergence, it has shown to be very efficient for all numerical tests performed. In addition, the problem's block-constraint structure is exploited for means of improved computational efficiency. Results for diverse numerical tests applied to the Brazilian power system are shown.
Doutorado
Energia Eletrica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
SPITONI, MARCO. "Technology Evolution of Natural Gas systems from Renewable Energy Sources: CNG and LNG Evoluzione dei Sistemi Energetici per il Gas Naturale da Fonte Rinnovabile: CNG e LNG." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253122.
Повний текст джерелаWith about 24% of total CO2 emissions, transport sector represents a major item in air pollution. In order to meet the target for the GHG emissions, several policies were introduced, regarding biofuels production and utilization. In this perspective, biomethane production as biofuels is growing quickly since it can be used in the Compressed or Liquefied state. In the first Chapter, a brief introduction regarding the environmental issues associated with the GHG emissions is presented. In the second Chapter, a review over the governmental policies adopted worldwide is presented. Critical aspects and provisions are also discussed. Biogas and biomethane potential as vehicle fuels and achievable production is presented for the European region and the Chinese regions. In Italy, the minimum value of the base incentive was estimated to vary from 0.10 € Sm3 to 0.42 € Sm3. In the third Chapter, the CNG refueling technology is presented and investigated. The possibility of combining biogas plant production and upgrading with CNG refueling stations allows the production of the CBG. In order to evaluate the potential of an alternative refueling station, a comparison was proposed with a traditional buffer station. In the fourth Chapter, the LNG technology is presented. The possibility to achieve LBG is investigated. A novel cryogenic separation technology is proposed to achieve upgrading and LBG production. Specific energy consumption was found to vary between 1.284 kWh kg-1 and 1.982 kWh kg-1. An optimization with the CO2 recovery shows a specific energy consumption of 1.093 kWh kg-1. The possibility to achieve carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was investigated. A final specific energy consumption of 1.526 kW kg-1 was found. In the last Chapter, conclusions of the thesis are reported, with potential future works.
Negrea, Andrei Liviu. "Optimization of energy efficiency for residential buildings by using artificial intelligence." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI090.
Повний текст джерелаConsumption, in general, represents the process of using a type of resource where savings needs to be done. Energy consumption has become one the main issue of urbanization and energy crisis as the fossil depletion and global warming put under threat the planet energy utilization. In this thesis, an automatic control of energy was developed to reduce energy consumption in residential area and passive house buildings. A mathematical model founded on empirical measurements was developed to emphasize the behavior of a testing laboratory from Universitatea Politehnica din București - Université Politechnica de Bucarest - Roumanie. The experimental protocol was carried out following actions such as: building parameters database, collecting weather data, intake of auxiliary flows while considering the controlling factors. The control algorithm is controlling the system which can maintain a comfortable temperature within the building with minimum energy consumption. Measurements and data acquisition have been setup on two different levels: weather and buildings data. The data collection is gathered on a server which was implemented into the testing facility running a complex algorithm which can control energy consumption. The thesis reports several numerical methods for estimating the energy consumption that is further used with the control algorithm. An experimental showcase based on dynamic calculation methods for building energy performance assessments was made in Granada, Spain, information which was later used in this thesis. Estimation of model parameters (resistances and capacities) with prediction of heat flow was made using nodal method, based on physical elements, input data and weather information. Prediction of energy consumption using state-space modeling show improved results while IoT data collection was uploaded on a Raspberry Pi system. All these results were stable showing impressive progress in the prediction of energy consumption and their application in energy field
Blaise, Mathilde. "Contribution au développement des moteurs à apport de chaleur externe utilisés pour la conversion des rejets thermiques industriels en électricité. Modélisation et optimisation thermodynamique d’un nouveau convertisseur : Turbosol." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0147/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo convert the industrial waste heat into mechanical, or electrical energy, is a way to decrease the greenhouse gases emission and the energy consumption. The present PhD thesis is co-financed by the french Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), in this context. The other co-financer, the company Hevatech, exploits the patent of a new heat converter into electricity named Turbosol®. Turbosol® is a good candidate for the industrial waste heat recovery. The concept is currently developed by the study of a prototype and the installation of the prototype on industrial site. The Turbosol® cycle originality is the quasi-isothermal expansion of the water vapor. Consequently, the Turbosol® cycle is close to the Carnot cycle. In the manuscript first part, the possibility of the feasibility of an engine operating according to the Carnot cycle is studied. A Carnot engine with a changing phase working fluid is modeled and optimized by maximization of the net power output. The variables are the optimal vaporization and condensation temperatures, and the optimal allocation of a total thermal transfer area between the condenser and the evaporator. Then, in the second part, the model of the Carnot engine is adapted to the Turbosol® prototype. In the sensitivity analysis, the vaporization temperature and the mass flow rate of the working fluid are identified as optimization variables. So, the Turbosol® converter is optimized by maximization of the net power output and the first law efficiency for a given waste heat fluid to valorize
Kébé, Abdoulaye. "Contribution au pré dimensionnement et au contrôle des unités de production d’énergie électrique en site isolé à partir des énergies renouvelables : Application au cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112281/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe energy crisis characterized by the oil products price rising and the imperatives of sustainable development do that renewable energies are an alternative today witch attract the interest of several research teams. Senegal, sub-Saharan country, not oil producer is not spared by this crisis. The consequence of this is a low coverage of the country (especially rural areas) by the national grid. For solving this, the new orientation of the energy policy focuses on the use of renewable energy particularly solar and wind.The main objective of this thesis is to identify a methodology of design of an isolated site of electrical energy production from alternative energies It is consists on, from site characteristics (energy resources, energy requirements):- to develop an approach that allows the choice of network architecture and sizing optimally all components of the network (machines, sources and storage devices) taking into account all the constraints- to design a device for controlling components and managing the energy flowsThis thesis contains three chapters:- Chapter 1 - poses the problem of energy in Senegal. The institutional organization of the electricity sub-sector and the ongoing projects are presented. Also, a study of micro- architectures networks is made.- Chapter 2 deals with tools and software. A comparative study of the main software of analysis, design and simulation of micro- network is realized. The components of our system have been modeled. Optimization methods and tools for graphical representation (Bond Graph, GIC and EMR) systems were presented. A survey and a literature review allowed us to evaluate the energy potential of the site and the needs of populations.- Chapter 3: This is the application of our tool on an isolated site identified in Senegal (MBoro / Mer). Optimization through the Annualized Cost of the System (ACS) objective function has allowed us to scale our system optimally. As the control system with Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) has been designed.For further work should be considered a treatment of problems of availability of the system through monitoring and supervision of the system. The socio- economic component is also integrated in the future to meet the changing needs and habits of the population
Matějíček, Michal. "Modelování, simulace a experimentální měření reakce systémů vytápění/vzduchotechniky na požadavky regulace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392106.
Повний текст джерелаBrenner, Lorenz. "Exergy-based performance assessment and optimization potential of refrigeration plants in air-conditioning applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI014.
Повний текст джерелаA significant amount of energy consumption in buildings is due to heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. Among other systems, refrigeration plants are subject of efficiency improvements. However, actual operating conditions of such plants and the performance must be known as well as any eventual optimization potential identified before enhancements can take place. Energy and exergy analyses have been widely used to assess the performance of refrigeration systems. Among others, exergy efficiency is used as an indicator to determine the system performance; however, the practical achievable values are unknown. Therefore, this work proposes a practice-oriented evaluation method for refrigeration plants, based on exergy analysis and technical standards as baseline. The identification of possible enhancements is highly relevant in practice, as measures which improve the system effectiveness most likely prevent frequent shortcomings during refrigeration plant operation. With the introduced optimization potential index (OPI), the achievable enhancements compared to the state of the art in technology and the performance are identified at a glance regardless the complexity of the system. By dividing the plant into different subsystems, each of them can be assessed individually. Laypersons can easily determine the system operating state and subsequently, if needed, initiate a detailed analysis as well as appropriate countermeasures by specialist. Moreover, modeling is seen as an appropriate method to determine additional reference values for refrigeration machines if none are available according to technical standards. Among different modeling techniques, artificial neural network models reveal the best performance for the present application. The application, functionality and purpose of the presented method is exemplified on two numerical test cases and on a real field plant as a case study. The investigation reveals an adequate operation of the studied field plant in general, where three out of seven cooling locations have performance issues. The reason should be identified in a subsequent detailed study. Overall, the auxiliary electrical exergy input shows the same magnitude as the thermal exergy input. This emphasizes the importance of minimizing the electrical energy usage, as it is the main overhead in the operating cost of refrigeration plants and also to achieve an increase in system performance. Moreover, measuring concepts of real systems are analyzed and the corresponding retrofitting costs for the application of the presented approach are identified. It is shown that a retrofit of the instrumentation can be worthwhile if the refrigeration plant already comprises a measuring concept close to the state of the art
Putna, Ondřej. "Termické zpracování odpadů jako klíčový prvek efektivních systémů odpadového hospodářství." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433521.
Повний текст джерелаKopecký, Václav. "Význam dodávky tepla ze zařízení energetického využití odpadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400865.
Повний текст джерелаDupré, Olivier. "Physics of the thermal behavior of photovoltaic devices." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0089/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D. thesis manuscript reports on a study about the physics of the thermal behavior of photovoltaic (PV) systems. While it is long known that the conversion efficiency of PV devices deteriorates when their temperature increases, a detailed analysis of all the mechanisms involved was not available to date in the literature. Part I of this manuscript gathers and extends the existing works on the topic in order to offer a comprehensive view of the physics involved in the temperature sensitivities of PV systems. First, temperature coefficients, which quantify the temperature dependences, are analyzed in the radiative limit (which is the fundamental limit for PV conversion). Then, the additional loss mechanisms of real PV devices are introduced and their impacts on the temperature coefficients are assessed. The existing theoretical expressions of the temperature coefficients of important solar cell parameters (namely open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and fill factor) are reviewed. A new formulation of the temperature coefficient of the open-circuit voltage that incorporates the concept of External Radiative Efficiency (ERE) is proposed. The theoretical expressions are compared to experimental results on crystalline silicon cells from measurements made at the University of New South Wales (UNSW, Australia) and from the literature. Using the understanding of the relation between the temperature coefficients and device physics, the special cases of silicon heterojunction cells and cells made from compensated silicon are examined. Because temperature has a critical impact on the performances of PV devices, several studies aimed on the one hand at predicting the temperature of PV modules from their operating conditions and on the other hand at designing inexpensive cooling solutions. The goal of Part II of this manuscript is to propose an original approach to minimize the temperature-induced losses in PV systems. The idea is to include the operating conditions in the optimization of the system parameters in order to maximize the power produced in these conditions rather than in the Standard Test Conditions (STC). These original optimizations are based on a comprehensive thermal model of PV cells that captures all of the physical mechanisms involved in the generation of heat within the cell. Following the presentation of this thermal model, several examples of global optimization (i.e. a thermal criterion is added to the usual optical and electrical ones) are presented. Some of these examples apply to standard solar cells while others demonstrate that this kind of optimization can be applied to other PV systems such as thermophotovoltaic (TPV) converters (solar or near-field TPV). The recent trend of the PV industry towards the creation of products specifically adapted to a given use suggests that these original optimizations that take into account the system operating conditions could be implemented in the near future
Franco, Hermas Teixeira 1954. "Modelo de suporte a decisão para a otimização da operação de sistema de Usinas Hidreletricas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257869.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir uma ferramenta de suporte à decisão que permita avaliar de maneira fácil e rápida as alternativas existentes para a otimização energética do aproveitamento conjunto da operação multipla de um "Sistema Reservatório" já existente com vistas à maximização dos benefícios deste sistema. Definiu-se (para uso neste trabalho) a expressão "Sistema Reservatório"? como sendo um conjunto de reservatórios hídricos que propõe-se administrar. Definiu-se ainda (no âmbito deste trabalho) como benefícios a energia potencial gravitacional total (dentro do horizonte de planejamento) dos recursos hídricos compreendidos neste estudo. Para avaliar estas alternativas de otimização foi desenvolvido um especial sistema de suporte à decisão para ser usado pelos operadores do sistema podendo subsidiar o processo da tomada das decisões. Procurou-se construir esta ferramenta de tal forma que fosse constituida por um sistema computacional em ambiente gráfico (Windows ®) com interface amigável ao usuário (F-GUI - Friendly Grafic User Interface), para ser usada de forma contínua e que fosse também de fácil implantação. O arcabouço teórico utilizado pelo sistema foi o da concepção de Sistema de Suporte à Decisão para a modelagem do sistema em estudo, tendo usado a técnica de Programação Não Linear para a etapa da otimização. As funções da otimização multi-objetivo inerentes à produção de energia elétrica ou reservação de volumes d'água para a mesma finalidade, são tratadas pelo método das ponderações, ficando a cargo dos operadores do sistema a calibração dos fatores sob diferentes situações de carga. Este trabalho utilizou os dados disponibilizados pela AES Tietê referentes a cinco reservatórios-usinas sequenciais no Rio Tietê, três reservatórios-usinas sequencias no Rio Pardo, um reservatório-usina no Rio Grande e um reservatório-usina no Rio Mogi-Guaçu, todos situados na região Sudeste do Brasil
Abstract: This dissertation has the objective of build a Decision Support Tool that gives a quick and easy way to analyze all the different alternatives to manage integrated a complex of hydroelectric reservoirs seeking the maximization of the benefits of the complex. The benefits of the complex were defined as the total potential gravitational energy of the hydraulic resources included in the system in the period of the planning horizon. This tool had being built looking for a computer Friendly Graphic User Interface based in the Microsoftã Windows Operational System to make easy the use of the tool day by day and also the initial installation in the users computers. The theory used were the conception of the Decision Support Tool in the modeling phase study and the Non Linear Programming in the optimization phase. This dissertation has used the data provided by the owner of the power generation complex -AES Tiete- that include five reservoirs in the Tiete river basin, three reservoirs in the Pardo river basin, one reservoir in the Grande river basin and one reservoir in the Mogi-Guaçu river basin, all of them in the southeast region of Brasil, South America
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Komínek, Petr. "Optimalizace provozu otopné soustavy po její rekonstrukci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226820.
Повний текст джерелаRey, José Ramón Copa. "Avaliação técnico-econômica da incorporação de ciclos combinados associados à gaseificadores de leito fluidizado circulante no setor sucroalcooleiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155989.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O bagaço e a palha são resíduos do processamento industrial da cana-de-açúcar que constituem uma importante fonte de recurso para cogeração de energia no setor sucroalcooleiro. Os sistemas de cogeração neste setor geram potência mecânica ou elétrica e vapor, que são utilizados no próprio processo e o excedente é vendido as concessionárias de energia. Porém, estes sistemas encontram-se bem abaixo do potencial real. Uma alternativa tecnológica que poderá contribuir com a oferta de excedentes de energia elétrica é a introdução da tecnologia BIG-GT (gaseificadores de biomassa associados a turbina a gás e caldeira de recuperação). O presente trabalho, tem como objetivo o estudo termoeconômico da incorporação desta tecnologia em usinas sucroalcooleiras como alternativa para o aumento de geração de eletricidade. As análises energéticas e exergéticas foram realizadas para quatro possíveis configurações de uma usina sucroalcooleira com a integração da tecnologia BIG-GT com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de geração de eletricidade e vapor de processo, bem como o aproveitamento global de energia de cada uma delas. Na análise termoeconômica, é determinado o custo de produção de gás de gaseificação, eletricidade e vapor do processo no sistema proposto, assim como, tempo de recuperação do investimento. Na parte final do trabalho foi realizada a otimização multiobjetiva do sistema considerando três funções objetivo: tecnológica, econômica e ambiental, para identificar a configuração com melhor comportamento. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no estudo conclui-se que o caso III que estuda a gaseificação em leito fluidizado circulante pressurizado e mistura de oxigênio-vapor de gaseificação e o caso IV que além da gaseificação em leito fluidizado circulante pressurizado com mistura de oxigênio-vapor estuda a queima suplementar de palha na caldeira de recuperação, apresentam-se como as melhores das opções propostas.
Bagasse and straw are residues from the industrial processing of sugarcane that constitute an important source for cogeneration of energy in the sugar-alcohol sector. The cogeneration systems in this sector generate mechanical or electrical power and steam, which are used in the process itself and the surplus is sold to energy distribution companies. However, these systems are well below real potential. One of the technological alternatives that may improve the supply of surplus electricity is the introduction of BIG-GT technology (biomass gasifier associated with gas turbine and Heat recovery steam generator). In this work, it is proposed to conduct thermoeconomic studies of the incorporation of this technology in the sugarcane ethanol plants as an alternative to increasing the supply of electricity generation. The energetic and exergetic analyses were performed for four possible configurations of a sugarcane ethanol plant with the integration of BIG-GT technology with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of electricity generation and process steam as well as the global energy utilization of each one of them. In the thermoeconomic analysis, it is determined the cost of production of producer gas, electricity and steam of the process in the proposed system, as well as the investment payback period. In the final part of the work, it is developed the multiobjective optimization of the system considering three objective functions: technological, thermoeconomic and environmental, for identifying the configuration with better behavior. According to the results obtained in the study, it is concluded that case III and case IV are presented as the best of the proposed options.
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DI, PILLA LORENZA. "A methodology for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of residential building stocks retrofits in Italy and Denmark." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266492.
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