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1
Lopez, V., J. M. Gran Josa, V. Uceda, F. Slyne, M. Ruffini, R. Vilalta, A. Mayoral, R. Muñoz, R. Casellas, and R. Martínez. "End-to-End Service Orchestration From Access to Backbone." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): B137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.9.00b137.
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Rafiq, Adeel, Asif Mehmood, Talha Ahmed Khan, Khizar Abbas, Muhammad Afaq, and Wang-Cheol Song. "Intent-Based End-to-End Network Service Orchestration System for Multi-Platforms." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On-demand service is the main feature of the 5G network, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides it by virtualizing the existing 5G network infrastructure. NFV crafts various virtual networks on a shared physical network, but one of the core challenges in future 5G networks is to automate the modeling of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) and end-to-end Network Service (NS) orchestration with less human interaction. Traditionally, the descriptor of VNF and NS is created manually, which requires expert-level skills. This manual approach has a big threat of human error, which can be avoided by using the Intent-Based Networking (IBN) approach. The IBN approach eliminates the requirement of expertise for designing VNFs and NS by taking users’ intentions as an input. In this paper, the proposed system presents the Intent Management System for VNF modeling and end-to-end NS orchestration for multi-platforms. This system takes the high-level information related to a specific service, configures it accordingly, and converts it into the selected platform. The proposed system is tested using Mobile Central Office Re-architected as Data Center (M-CORD) and Open-Source Management and Orchestration (OSM) orchestrators. The results section shows that the proposed system reduces the effort of the end-user in creating network slices and provides seamless end-to-end service orchestration.
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Castro, Alberto, Luis Velasco, Lluis Gifre, Cen Chen, Jie Yin, Zuqing Zhu, Roberto Proietti, and Sung-Joo Ben Yoo. "Brokered Orchestration for End-to-End Service Provisioning Across Heterogeneous Multi-Operator (Multi-AS) Optical Networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 34, no. 23 (December 1, 2016): 5391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2016.2610964.
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Papadakis-Vlachopapadopoulos, Konstantinos, Ioannis Dimolitsas, Dimitrios Dechouniotis, Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou, Ioanna Roussaki, and Symeon Papavassiliou. "On Blockchain-Based Cross-Service Communication and Resource Orchestration on Edge Clouds." Informatics 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the advent of 5G verticals and the Internet of Things paradigm, Edge Computing has emerged as the most dominant service delivery architecture, placing augmented computing resources in the proximity of end users. The resource orchestration of edge clouds relies on the concept of network slicing, which provides logically isolated computing and network resources. However, though there is significant progress on the automation of the resource orchestration within a single cloud or edge cloud datacenter, the orchestration of multi-domain infrastructure or multi-administrative domain is still an open challenge. Towards exploiting the network service marketplace at its full capacity, while being aligned with ETSI Network Function Virtualization architecture, this article proposes a novel Blockchain-based service orchestrator that leverages the automation capabilities of smart contracts to establish cross-service communication between network slices of different tenants. In particular, we introduce a multi-tier architecture of a Blockchain-based network marketplace, and design the lifecycle of the cross-service orchestration. For the evaluation of the proposed approach, we set up cross-service communication in an edge cloud and we demonstrate that the orchestration overhead is less than other cross-service solutions.
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Morkevicius, Nerijus, Algimantas Venčkauskas, Nerijus Šatkauskas, and Jevgenijus Toldinas. "Method for Dynamic Service Orchestration in Fog Computing." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fog computing is meant to deal with the problems which cloud computing cannot solve alone. As the fog is closer to a user, it can improve some very important QoS characteristics, such as a latency and availability. One of the challenges in the fog architecture is heterogeneous constrained devices and the dynamic nature of the end devices, which requires a dynamic service orchestration to provide an efficient service placement inside the fog nodes. An optimization method is needed to ensure the required level of QoS while requiring minimal resources from fog and end devices, thus ensuring the longest lifecycle of the whole IoT system. A two-stage multi-objective optimization method to find the best placement of services among available fog nodes is presented in this paper. A Pareto set of non-dominated possible service distributions is found using the integer multi-objective particle swarm optimization method. Then, the analytical hierarchy process is used to choose the best service distribution according to the application-specific judgment matrix. An illustrative scenario with experimental results is presented to demonstrate characteristics of the proposed method.
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Wang, Shuyi, and Longxiang Yang. "Securing Dynamic Service Function Chain Orchestration in EC-IoT Using Federated Learning." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 9041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dynamic service orchestration is becoming more and more necessary as IoT and edge computing technologies continue to advance due to the flexibility and diversity of services. With the surge in the number of edge devices and the increase in data volume of IoT scenarios, there are higher requirements for the transmission security of privacy information from each edge device and the processing efficiency of SFC orchestration. This paper proposes a kind of dynamic SFC orchestration security algorithm applicable to EC-IoT scenarios based on the federated learning framework, combined with a block coordinated descent approach and the quadratic penalty algorithm to achieve communication efficiency and data privacy protection. A deep reinforcement learning algorithm is used to simultaneously adapt the SFC orchestration method in order to dynamically observe environmental changes and decrease end-to-end delay. The experimental results show that compared with the existing dynamic SFC orchestration algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve better convergence and latency performance under the condition of privacy protection; the overall latency is reduced by about 33%, and the overall convergence speed is improved by about 9%, which not only achieves the security of data privacy protection of edge computing nodes, but also meets the requirements of dynamic SFC orchestration.
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Batista, José Olimpio Rodrigues, Douglas Chagas da Silva, Moacyr Martucci, Regina Melo Silveira, and Carlos Eduardo Cugnasca. "A Multi-Provider End-to-End Dynamic Orchestration Architecture Approach for 5G and Future Communication Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 11914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411914.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Network segregation is the solution adopted in the IMT-2020 standardization of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), better known as 5G networks (Fifth Generation Mobile Networks), under development to meet the requirements of performance, reliability, energy, and economic efficiency required by applications in the various verticals of current and near-future economic activities. The philosophy adopted for the IMT-2020 standardization relies on the use of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and Software-Defined Radio (SDR), i.e., the softwarization of the network. Softwarization allows network segregation through its slicing, which is discussed herein this work. Network slicing is performed by a novel Orchestrator, as provided in IMT-2020, which maintains the end-to-end network slices independent of each other and performs horizontal handover when the possibility of a loss of Quality of Service (QoS) is predictively detected by monitoring quality parameters during operation. Therefore, the Orchestrator is dynamic, operates in uptime, and allows horizontal handover. Hence, it chooses the most appropriate telecommunication infrastructure provider and network operator to guarantee QoS and Quality of Experience (QoE) to end-users in each network segment. These features make this work modern and keep it aligned with the actions being carried out by ITU. Based on this objective, as the main result of this paper, we propose an effective architecture for implementing the Orchestrator, not only to contribute to the state of the art for 5G and beyond communication systems but also to generate economic, technological, and social impacts.
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Kim, Dongkyun, and Yong-Hwan Kim. "Dynamic Virtual Network Slicing and Orchestration for Selective MEC Services over Wide-Area SDN." Algorithms 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13100245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multi-access edge computing (MEC) has become an essential technology for collecting, analyzing, and processing data generated by widely distributed user equipment (UE), wireless end-hosts, Internet of things (IoT) sensors, etc., providing real-time and high-quality networking services with ultralow end-to-end latency guaranteed between various user devices and edge cloud computing nodes. However, the cloud resources at the MEC on-site (access point) and edge site are restricted and insufficient mainly because of the operation and management constraints (e.g., limited space and capacity), particularly in the case of on-demand and dynamic service resource deployment. In this regard, we propose a selective MEC resource allocation scheme adopting a multitier architecture over a wide-area software-defined network (SDN) on the basis of our recent research work on virtual network slicing and resource orchestration. The proposed scheme provides an optimized MEC selection model considering end-to-end latency and efficient service resource utilization on the basis of the hierarchical MEC service architecture.
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Peng, Shuping, Jose Oscar Fajardo, Pouria Sayyad Khodashenas, Begoña Blanco, Fidel Liberal, Cristina Ruiz, Charles Turyagyenda, Mick Wilson, and Sunil Vadgama. "QoE-Oriented Mobile Edge Service Management Leveraging SDN and NFV." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3961689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
5G envisages a “hyperconnected society” where trillions of diverse entities could communicate with each other anywhere and at any time, some of which will demand extremely challenging performance requirements such as submillisecond low latency. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) concept where application computing resources are deployed at the edge of the mobile network in proximity of an end user is a promising solution to improve quality of online experience. To make MEC more flexible and cost-effective Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies are widely adopted. It leads to significant CAPEX and OPEX reduction with the help of a joint radio-cloud management and orchestration logic. In this paper we discuss and develop a reference architecture for the orchestration and management of the MEC ecosystem. Along with the lifecycle management flows of MEC services, indicating the interactions among the functional modules inside the Orchestrator and with external elements, QoS management with a focus on the channel state information technique is presented.
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Liutkevičius, Agnius, Nerijus Morkevičius, Algimantas Venčkauskas, and Jevgenijus Toldinas. "Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 7, 2022): 5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing that provides computing services closer to user end-devices at the network edge. One of the challenging topics in fog networks is the placement of tasks on fog nodes to obtain the best performance and resource usage. The process of mapping tasks for resource-constrained devices is known as the service or fog application placement problem (SPP, FAPP). The highly dynamic fog infrastructures with mobile user end-devices and constantly changing fog nodes resources (e.g., battery life, security level) require distributed/decentralized service placement (orchestration) algorithms to ensure better resilience, scalability, and optimal real-time performance. However, recently proposed service placement algorithms rarely support user end-device mobility, constantly changing the resource availability of fog nodes and the ability to recover from fog node failures at the same time. In this article, we propose a distributed agent-based orchestrator model capable of flexible service provisioning in a dynamic fog computing environment by considering the constraints on the central processing unit (CPU), memory, battery level, and security level of fog nodes. Distributing the decision-making to multiple orchestrator fog nodes instead of relying on the mapping of a single central entity helps to spread the load and increase scalability and, most importantly, resilience. The prototype system based on the proposed orchestrator model was implemented and tested with real hardware. The results show that the proposed model is efficient in terms of response latency and computational overhead, which are minimal compared to the placement algorithm itself. The research confirms that the proposed orchestrator approach is suitable for various fog network applications when scalability, mobility, and fault tolerance must be guaranteed.
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Trakadas, Panagiotis, Panagiotis Karkazis, Helen C. Leligou, Theodore Zahariadis, Felipe Vicens, Arturo Zurita, Pol Alemany, et al. "Comparison of Management and Orchestration Solutions for the 5G Era." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan9010004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
5G is considered to be the technology that will accommodate the development and management of innovative services with stringent and diverse requirements from end users, calling for new business models from the industry. In this context, the development and efficient management of Network Services (NS) serving specific vertical industries and spanning across multiple administrative domains and heterogeneous infrastructures is challenging. The main challenges regard the efficient provision of NSs considering the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements per vertical industry along with the optimal usage of the allocated resources. Towards addressing these challenges, this paper details an innovative approach that we have developed for managing and orchestrating such NSs, called SONATA, and compare it with OSM and Cloudify, which are two of the most known open-source Management and Orchestration (MANO) frameworks. In addition to examining the supported orchestration mechanisms per MANO framework, an evaluation of main operational and functional KPIs is provided based on experimentation using a real testbed. The final aim is the identification of their strong and weak points, and the assessment of their suitability for serving diverse vertical industry needs, including of course the Internet of Things (IoT) service ecosystem.
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Pencheva, Evelina. "An Approach to Self-Configuration of M2M Services." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2017-0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The increased number of connected devices and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications becomes business and technical challenge for network operators. The complexity of connectivity challenge yields for appropriate connectivity management solutions. The explosion of M2M services may result in undesired service interaction. Despite of the considerable progress in service interaction management, there is a lack of knowledge on the kind of interaction in real M2M communication systems. In this paper, a method for service orchestration between M2M applications which add value to basic device connectivity management is proposed. The automatic resolving of service interaction using policies allows service self-configuration and provisioning of adaptive service continuity to end users.
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Wang, Rui. "A Goal-Oriented Active Service Model and its COE Algorithm for Migrating Workflow System." Key Engineering Materials 426-427 (January 2010): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.426-427.343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Workflow management systems (WFMS) are complex distributed systems, which are geared for the orchestration of business processes across multiple organizations. In order to adapt to the heterogeneous, distributed and dynamic environment, we propose a goal-oriented active service model. The model is designed to support organizational coevolution for providing workflow services. This paper reviews the introduction and motivation for active service approach, discusses the technologies used in active service, which represents steps towards the end goal of building virtual service group and organizational coevolutionary(COE) algorithm.
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Li, Wei, Yuan Jiang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Fangfang Dang, Feng Gao, Haomin Wang, and Qi Fan. "Reliability Assurance Dynamic SSC Placement Using Reinforcement Learning." Information 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13020053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) make a network programmable, resulting in a more flexible and agile network. An important and promising application for these two technologies is network security, where they can dynamically chain virtual security functions (VSFs), such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and intrusion prevention systems, and thus inspect, monitor, or filter traffic flows in cloud data center networks. In view of the strict delay constraints of security services and the high failure probability of VSFs, we propose the use of a security service chain (SSC) orchestration algorithm that is latency aware with reliability assurance (LARA). This algorithm includes an SSC orchestration module and VSF backup module. We first use a reinforcement learning (RL) based Q-learning algorithm to achieve efficient SSC orchestration and try to reduce the end-to-end delay of services. Then, we measure the importance of the physical nodes carrying the VSF instance and backup VSF according to the node importance of VSF. Extensive simulation results indicate that the LARA algorithm is more effective in reducing delay and ensuring reliability compared with other algorithms.
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Wang, Rui, Qibing Wang, George T. Kanellos, Reza Nejabati, Dimitra Simeonidou, Rodrigo S. Tessinari, Emilio Hugues-Salas, et al. "End-to-End Quantum Secured Inter-Domain 5G Service Orchestration Over Dynamically Switched Flex-Grid Optical Networks Enabled by a q-ROADM." Journal of Lightwave Technology 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2949864.
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Wu, Yutong, and Jinhe Zhou. "Dynamic Service Function Chaining Orchestration in a Multi-Domain: A Heuristic Approach Based on SRv6." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 6563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the emergence of virtualization technology, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) make the network function abstract from the hardware and allow it to be run on virtual machines. These technologies can help to provide more efficient services to users by Service Function Chaining (SFC). The sequence of multiple VNFs required by network operators to perform traffic steering is called SFC. Mapping and deploying SFC on the physical network can enable users to obtain customized services in time. At present, a key problem in deploying SFC is how to reduce network resource consumption and load pressure while ensuring the corresponding services for users. In this paper, we first introduce an NFV architecture for SFC deployment, and illustrate the SFC orchestration process which is based on SRv6 in multi-domain scenario. Then, we propose an effective SFC dynamic orchestration algorithm. First, we use Breadth-First Search algorithm to traverse network and find the shortest path for deploying VNFs. Next, we use the improved Ant Colony Optimization algorithm to generate the optimal deployment scheme. Finally, we conduct a series of experiments to verify the performance of our algorithm. Compared with other deployment algorithms, the results show that our solution effectively optimizes end-to-end delay, bandwidth resource consumption and load balancing.
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Almutairi, Jaber, and Mohammad Aldossary. "Modeling and Analyzing Offloading Strategies of IoT Applications over Edge Computing and Joint Clouds." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Internet of Things (IoT) is swiftly evolving into a disruptive technology in recent years. For enhancing customer experience and accelerating job execution, IoT task offloading enables mobile end devices to release heavy computation and storage to the resource-rich nodes in collaborative Edges or Clouds. However, how different service architecture and offloading strategies quantitatively impact the end-to-end performance of IoT applications is still far from known particularly given a dynamic and unpredictable assortment of interconnected virtual and physical devices. This paper exploits potential network performance that manifests within the edge-cloud environment, then investigates and compares the impacts of two types of architectures: Loosely-Coupled (LC) and Orchestrator-Enabled (OE). Further, it introduces three customized offloading strategies in order to handle various requirements for IoT latency-sensitive applications. Through comparative experiments, we observed that the computational requirements exerts more influence on the IoT application’s performance compared to the communication requirement. However, when the system scales up to accommodate more IoT devices, communication bandwidth will turn to be the dominant resource and becomes the essential factor that will directly impact the overall performance. Thus, orchestration is a necessary procedure to encompass optimized solutions under different constraints for optimal offloading placement.
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Llorens-Carrodeguas, Alejandro, Stefanos G. Sagkriotis, Cristina Cervelló-Pastor, and Dimitrios P. Pezaros. "An Energy-Friendly Scheduler for Edge Computing Systems." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 7151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deployment of modern applications, like massive Internet of Things (IoT), poses a combination of challenges that service providers need to overcome: high availability of the offered services, low latency, and low energy consumption. To overcome these challenges, service providers have been placing computing infrastructure close to the end users, at the edge of the network. In this vein, single board computer (SBC) clusters have gained attention due to their low cost, low energy consumption, and easy programmability. A subset of IoT applications requires the deployment of battery-powered SBCs, or clusters thereof. More recently, the deployment of services on SBC clusters has been automated through the use of containers. The management of these containers is performed by orchestration platforms, like Kubernetes. However, orchestration platforms do not consider remaining energy levels for their placement decisions and therefore are not optimized for energy-constrained environments. In this study, we propose a scheduler that is optimised for energy-constrained SBC clusters and operates within Kubernetes. Through comparison with the available schedulers we achieved 23% fewer event rejections, 83% less deadline violations, and approximately a 59% reduction of the consumed energy throughout the cluster.
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Pedone, Ignazio, Antonio Lioy, and Fulvio Valenza. "Towards an Efficient Management and Orchestration Framework for Virtual Network Security Functions." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (November 12, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2425983.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recent years have witnessed a growth in the number of users connected to computer networks, due mainly to megatrends such as Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, and Smart Grids. Simultaneously, service providers started offering vertical services related to a specific business case (e.g., automotive, banking, and e-health) requiring more and more scalability and flexibility for the infrastructures and their management. NFV and SDN technologies are a clear way forward to address these challenges even though they are still in their early stages. Security plays a central role in this scenario, mainly because it must follow the rapid evolution of computer networks and the growing number of devices. The main issue is to protect the end-user from the increasing threats, and for this reason, we propose in this paper a security framework compliant to the Security-as-a-Service paradigm. In order to implement this framework, we leverage NFV and SDN technologies, using a user-centered approach. This allows to customize the security service starting from user preferences. Another goal of our work is to highlight the main relevant challenges encountered in the design and implementation of our solution. In particular, we demonstrate how significant is to choose an efficient way to configure the Virtual Network Security Functions in terms of performance. Furthermore, we also address the nontrivial problem of Service Function Chaining in an NFV MANO platform and we show what are the main challenges with respect to this problem.
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Siountri, Konstantina, Emmanouil Skondras, and Dimitrios D. Vergados. "Developing Smart Buildings Using Blockchain, Internet of Things, and Building Information Modeling." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 12, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2020070101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Building information modeling (BIM) is a revolutionary technology that provides all the necessary mechanisms to achieve end-to-end communication, data exchange and information sharing between project actors, leading to smarter outcomes for communities and more efficient projects for AEC service providers. 3D models generated in the context of engaging in the BIM process and as-delivered physical assets through building management systems (BMS) adopt Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and services. However, the orchestration of IoT devices in a highly modular environment with many moving parts and inter-dependencies between the stakeholders of this environment, lead to many security issues. This article focuses on applying novel technologies in the construction industry, such as BIM, IoT, and Blockchain, but also on examining their interconnection and interoperability on a proposed system architecture on a case of a building (museum), where efficient security, management and monitoring are considered crucial factors for the unobstructed operation of the organization that hosts.
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Harmatos, János, and Markosz Maliosz. "Architecture Integration of 5G Networks and Time-Sensitive Networking with Edge Computing for Smart Manufacturing." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digitalization and networking are taking on an increasingly important role in manufacturing. Fifth Generation mobile networks (5G) allow us to wirelessly connect multiple assets in factories with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). A 5G non-public network (5G-NPN) realizes a dedicated network with secure communication within the factory. Time-sensitive networking (TSN) provides deterministic connectivity and reliability in local networks. Edge computing moves computing power near factory locations, reducing the latency of edge applications. Making production processes more flexible, more robust, and resilient induces a great challenge for integrating these technologies. This paper presents the benefits of the joint use of 5G-NPN, TSN, and edge computing in manufacturing. To that end, first, the characteristics of the technologies are analyzed. Then, the integration of different 5G-NPN deployment options with edge (and cloud) computing is presented to provide end-to-end services. For enhanced reliability, ways of interworking between TSN and edge computing domains are proposed. Afterward, as an example realization of edge computing, the investigation on the capabilities of the Kubernetes container orchestration platform is presented together with the gap analysis for smart manufacturing requirements. Finally, the different integration options, interworking models, and Kubernetes-based edge computing are evaluated to assist smart factories to use these new technologies in combination in the future.
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Vidyasankar, K., and Gottfried Vossen. "Multi-Level Modeling of Web Service Compositions with Transactional Properties." Journal of Database Management 22, no. 2 (April 2011): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2011040101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Web services have become popular as a vehicle for the design, integration, composition, reuse, and deployment of distributed and heterogeneous software. However, although industry standards for the description, composition, and orchestration of Web services have been under development, their conceptual underpinnings are not fully understood. Conceptual models for service specification are rare, as are investigations based on them. This paper presents and studies a multi-level service composition model that perceives service specification as going through several levels of abstraction. It starts from transactional operations at the lowest level and abstracts into activities at higher levels that are close to the service provider or end user. The authors treat service composition from a specification and execution point of view, where the former is about composition logic and the latter about transactional guarantees. Consequently, the model allows for the specification of a number of transactional properties, such as atomicity and guaranteed termination, at all levels. Different ways of achieving the composition properties and implications of the model are presented. The authors also discuss how the model subsumes practical proposals like the OASIS Business Transaction Protocol, Sun’s WS-TXM, and execution aspects of the BPEL4WS standard.
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Czekierda, Łukasz, Krzysztof Zieliński, and Sławomir Zieliński. "Automated Orchestration of Online Educational Collaboration in Cloud-based Environments." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 17, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3412381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integrated collaboration environments (ICEs) are widely used by corporations to increase productivity by fostering groupwide and interpersonal collaboration. In this article, we discuss the enhancements of such environment needed to build an educational ICE (E-ICE) that addresses the specific needs of educational users. The motivation for the research was the Małopolska Educational Cloud (MEC) project conducted by AGH University and its partners. The E-ICE developed by MEC project fosters collaboration between universities and high schools by creating an immersive virtual collaboration space. MEC is a unique project due to its scale and usage domain. Multiple online collaboration events are organized weekly between over 150 geographically scattered institutions. Such events, aside from videoconferencing, require various services. The MEC E-ICE is a complex composition of a significant number of services and various terminals that require very specific configuration and management. In this article, we focus on a model-driven approach to automating the organization of online meetings in their preparation, execution, and conclusion phases. We present a conceptual model of E-ICE-supported educational courses, introduce a taxonomy of online educational services, identify planes and modes of their operation, as well as discuss the most common collaboration patterns. The MEC E-ICE, which we present as a case study, is built in accordance with the presented, model-driven approach. MEC educational services are described in a way that allows for converting the declarative specification of E-ICE application models into platform-independent models, platform-specific models, and, finally, working sets of orchestrated service instances. Such approach both reduces the level of technical knowledge required from the end-users and considerably speeds up the construction of online educational collaboration environments.
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Gatzianas, Marios, Agapi Mesodiakaki, George Kalfas, Nikos Pleros, Francesca Moscatelli, Giada Landi, Nicola Ciulli, and Leonardo Lossi. "Offline Joint Network and Computational Resource Allocation for Energy-Efficient 5G and beyond Networks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 10547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to cope with the ever-increasing traffic demands and stringent latency constraints, next generation, i.e., sixth generation (6G) networks, are expected to leverage Network Function Virtualization (NFV) as an enabler for enhanced network flexibility. In such a setup, in addition to the traditional problems of user association and traffic routing, Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement needs to be jointly considered. To that end, in this paper, we focus on the joint network and computational resource allocation, targeting low network power consumption while satisfying the Service Function Chain (SFC), throughput, and delay requirements. Unlike the State-of-the-Art (SoA), we also take into account the Access Network (AN), while formulating the problem as a general Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). Due to the high complexity of the proposed optimal solution, we also propose a low-complexity energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm, which was shown to significantly outperform the SoA, by achieving up to 78% of the optimal energy efficiency with up to 742 times lower complexity. Finally, we describe an Orchestration Framework for the automated orchestration of vertical-driven services in Network Slices and describe how it encompasses the proposed algorithm towards optimized provisioning of heterogeneous computation and network resources across multiple network segments.
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Math, Sa, Prohim Tam, Dae-Young Kim, and Seokhoon Kim. "Intelligent Offloading Decision and Resource Allocations Schemes Based on RNN/DQN for Reliability Assurance in Software-Defined Massive Machine-Type Communications." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4289216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The heterogeneous novelty applications present in the 5th generation (5G) era, including machine-type communication (mMTC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), which required mobile edge computing (MEC) for local computation and services. The next-generation radio networking (NGRN) will rely on new radio (NR) with the millimeter-wavelength (mmWave) technologies that enable ultra-dense connectivities of the deployed heterogeneous mobile terminal gateways (MTG). However, the mission-critical mMTC applications will suffer from inadequate radio resource management and orchestration (MANO), which will diminish end-to-end (E2E) communication reliability in edge areas. This paper proposed optimal MTG selections and resource allocation (RA) based on the complementary between MTG loading prediction based on recurrent neural network-based long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM) and MTG loading adjustment based on the applied deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches, respectively. Furthermore, the RNN-LSTM enhances offloading and handover decisions with discrete-time predictions, while the DRL plays an essential role in adjusting the determined MTG during congestion situations. The proposed method contributed to remarkable outcomes in crucial performance metrics over reference approaches regarding computation and communication quality of service (QoS).
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Lima, Matheus Sant’Ana. "Information theory inspired optimization algorithm for efficient service orchestration in distributed systems." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): e0242285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Distributed Systems architectures are becoming the standard computational model for processing and transportation of information, especially for Cloud Computing environments. The increase in demand for application processing and data management from enterprise and end-user workloads continues to move from a single-node client-server architecture to a distributed multitier design where data processing and transmission are segregated. Software development must considerer the orchestration required to provision its core components in order to deploy the services efficiently in many independent, loosely coupled—physically and virtually interconnected—data centers spread geographically, across the globe. This network routing challenge can be modeled as a variation of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm for optimum route selection using Algorithmic Information Theory. The Kelly criterion for a Shannon-Bernoulli process is used to generate a reliable quantitative algorithm to find a near optimal solution tour. The algorithm is then verified by comparing the results with benchmark heuristic solutions in 3 test cases. A statistical analysis is designed to measure the significance of the results between the algorithms and the entropy function can be derived from the distribution. The tested results shown an improvement in the solution quality by producing routes with smaller length and time requirements. The quality of the results proves the flexibility of the proposed algorithm for problems with different complexities without relying in nature-inspired models such as Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colony, Cross Entropy, Neural Networks, 2opt and Simulated Annealing. The proposed algorithm can be used by applications to deploy services across large cluster of nodes by making better decision in the route design. The findings in this paper unifies critical areas in Computer Science, Mathematics and Statistics that many researchers have not explored and provided a new interpretation that advances the understanding of the role of entropy in decision problems encoded in Turing Machines.
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Theodoropoulos, Theodoros, Antonios Makris, Abderrahmane Boudi, Tarik Taleb, Uwe Herzog, Luis Rosa, Luis Cordeiro, et al. "Cloud-based XR Services: A Survey on Relevant Challenges and Enabling Technologies." Journal of Networking and Network Applications 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33969/j-nana.2022.020101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the emergence of XR (eXtended Reality) applications, including Holography, Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality, has resulted in the creation of rather demanding requirements for Quality of Experience (QoE) and Quality of Service (QoS). In order to cope with requirements such as ultra-low latency and increased bandwidth, it is of paramount importance to leverage certain technological paradigms. The purpose of this paper is to identify these QoE and QoS requirements and then to provide an extensive survey on technologies that are able to facilitate the rather demanding requirements of Cloud-based XR Services. To that end, a wide range of enabling technologies are explored. These technologies include e.g. the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC), Edge Storage, the ETSI Management and Orchestration (MANO), the ETSI Zero touch network & Service Management (ZSM), Deterministic Networking, the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Media Streaming, MPEG’s (Moving Picture Experts Group) Mixed and Augmented Reality standard, the Omnidirectional MediA Format (OMAF), ETSI’s Augmented Reality Framework etc.
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Sokratis Barmpounakis, Nancy Alonistioti, George C. Alexandropoulos, and Alexandros Kaloxylos. "Dynamic infrastructure-as-a-service: A key paradigm for 6G networks and application to maritime communications." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/wqwx1975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although, the advent of the fifth Generation (5G) of communication networks has introduced the technology enablers and system capability to support a large number of devices, and highly-demanding services, as well as ultra-low latency and high reliability, enhancements to the current systems will not suffice for future generation networks. Instead, a disruptive communication paradigm needs to be introduced that will ultimately enable the radical evolution of the current systems to a new ones, capable of self-aggregating extraordinary connectivity and computing capabilities in a seamless manner. To this end, sixth Generation (6G) networks should be able to seamlessly integrate and release, in a dynamic manner, heterogeneous types of resources, such as diverse types of network entities/nodes with nomadic, relaying, and multi-tenancy capabilities, which can enable demand-driven service provisioning, coverage extension, increased network capacity, and reduced energy consumption. This paper presents a novel networking paradigm towards Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), which introduces a disruptive and dynamic network infrastructure management and service orchestration mechanism, including nomadic networks and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-aware networking approaches for seamless and dynamic management of diverse network resources. In order to emphasize the compelling potential of the proposed paradigm, we detail its application to maritime communication networks, while identifying this use case as a key driver for the proposed dynamic IaaS concept.
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Faria, João Pascoal, Bruno Lima, Tiago Boldt Sousa, and Angelo Martins. "A Testing and Certification Methodology for an Open Ambient-Assisted Living Ecosystem." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2014100106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To cope with the needs raised by the demographic changes in our society, several Ambient-Assisted Living (AAL) technologies have emerged in recent years, but those ‘first offers' are often monolithic, incompatible and thus expensive and potentially not sustainable. The AAL4ALL project aims at improving that situation through the development of an open ecosystem of interoperable AAL components (products and services), tied together by an integration infrastructure, comprising a message-queue based service bus and gateways bridging the communication with devices. To that end, the project encompasses the specification of interfaces and requirements for interoperable components, against which candidates can be tested and certified before entering the ecosystem. This paper proposes a testing and certification methodology for such an ecosystem. Besides fulfilling specified pre-requisites, candidate components must pass unit tests that check their conformance with interface specifications and integration tests that check their semantic interoperability with other components in specified orchestration scenarios.
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Malik, Sehrish, Shabir Ahmad, and DoHyeun Kim. "A Novel Approach of IoT Services Orchestration Based on Multiple Sensor and Actuator Platforms Using Virtual Objects in Online IoT App-Store." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 5859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The information and communication technology (ICT) is witnessing a revolutionary era with the advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT). An IoT network is a combination of sensor and actuator networks, connected and communicating in certain ways to design and provide IoT services to the end users. These IoT services are created by mapping physical-world objects into virtual-world objects. In this work, we propose a novel approach of IoT services orchestration based on multiple sensor and actuator platforms using virtual objects in online IoT application-store (app-store). In this work, we focused on combining the concepts of do-it-yourself (DIY) IoT marketplace, virtual objects (VOs), and virtual services. We built a fusion IoT services platform on a previously proposed IoT application store. The IoT application store enables the sharing and discovery of IoT VOs, along with micro-services associated with each VO uploaded into the application store. The fusion IoT services platform enables the user to fetch the desired or all VOs from the IoT app store and map the available VOs to form the fusion IoT services. The user can either select all the available VOs and see all the possible services’ combinations or select the desired (DIY) services and customize the virtual services scope. The performance of the proposed fusion IoT services platform was evaluated on the basis of the service connection times, service response times with varying load of VOs, virtual users, and active platforms. The proposed idea also offers a sustainable solution by proposing the reuse of existing resources and reducing duplicate deployments, which can lessen the total cost of the physical networks’ deployment and maintenance. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed work is the first of its kind.
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Hossain, Md Delowar, Tangina Sultana, Md Alamgir Hossain, Md Imtiaz Hossain, Luan N. T. Huynh, Junyoung Park, and Eui-Nam Huh. "Fuzzy Decision-Based Efficient Task Offloading Management Scheme in Multi-Tier MEC-Enabled Networks." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multi-access edge computing (MEC) is a new leading technology for meeting the demands of key performance indicators (KPIs) in 5G networks. However, in a rapidly changing dynamic environment, it is hard to find the optimal target server for processing offloaded tasks because we do not know the end users’ demands in advance. Therefore, quality of service (QoS) deteriorates because of increasing task failures and long execution latency from congestion. To reduce latency and avoid task failures from resource-constrained edge servers, vertical offloading between mobile devices with local-edge collaboration or with local edge-remote cloud collaboration have been proposed in previous studies. However, they ignored the nearby edge server in the same tier that has excess computing resources. Therefore, this paper introduces a fuzzy decision-based cloud-MEC collaborative task offloading management system called FTOM, which takes advantage of powerful remote cloud-computing capabilities and utilizes neighboring edge servers. The main objective of the FTOM scheme is to select the optimal target node for task offloading based on server capacity, latency sensitivity, and the network’s condition. Our proposed scheme can make dynamic decisions where local or nearby MEC servers are preferred for offloading delay-sensitive tasks, and delay-tolerant high resource-demand tasks are offloaded to a remote cloud server. Simulation results affirm that our proposed FTOM scheme significantly improves the rate of successfully executing offloaded tasks by approximately 68.5%, and reduces task completion time by 66.6%, when compared with a local edge offloading (LEO) scheme. The improved and reduced rates are 32.4% and 61.5%, respectively, when compared with a two-tier edge orchestration-based offloading (TTEO) scheme. They are 8.9% and 47.9%, respectively, when compared with a fuzzy orchestration-based load balancing (FOLB) scheme, approximately 3.2% and 49.8%, respectively, when compared with a fuzzy workload orchestration-based task offloading (WOTO) scheme, and approximately 38.6%% and 55%, respectively, when compared with a fuzzy edge-orchestration based collaborative task offloading (FCTO) scheme.
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Careglio, Davide, Salvatore Spadaro, Albert Cabellos, Jose Antonio Lazaro, Pere Barlet-Ros, Joan Manel Gené, Jordi Perelló, et al. "Results and Achievements of the ALLIANCE Project: New Network Solutions for 5G and Beyond." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 9130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Leaving the current 4th generation of mobile communications behind, 5G will represent a disruptive paradigm shift integrating 5G Radio Access Networks (RANs), ultra-high-capacity access/metro/core optical networks, and intra-datacentre (DC) network and computational resources into a single converged 5G network infrastructure. The present paper overviews the main achievements obtained in the ALLIANCE project. This project ambitiously aims at architecting a converged 5G-enabled network infrastructure satisfying those needs to effectively realise the envisioned upcoming Digital Society. In particular, we present two networking solutions for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G), such as Software Defined Networking/Network Function Virtualisation (SDN/NFV) on top of an ultra-high-capacity spatially and spectrally flexible all-optical network infrastructure, and the clean-slate Recursive Inter-Network Architecture (RINA) over packet networks, including access, metro, core and DC segments. The common umbrella of all these solutions is the Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN)-based orchestration layer which, by implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, enables an optimal end-to-end service provisioning. Finally, the cross-layer manager of the ALLIANCE architecture includes two novel elements, namely the monitoring element providing network and user data in real time to the KDN, and the blockchain-based trust element in charge of exchanging reliable and confident information with external domains.
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Giannoutakis, Konstantinos M., Christos K. Filelis-Papadopoulos, George A. Gravvanis, and Dimitrios Tzovaras. "On the Optimization of Self-Organization and Self-Management Hardware Resource Allocation for Heterogeneous Clouds." Computers 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10110147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a tendency, during the last years, to migrate from the traditional homogeneous clouds and centralized provisioning of resources to heterogeneous clouds with specialized hardware governed in a distributed and autonomous manner. The CloudLightning architecture proposed recently introduced a dynamic way to provision heterogeneous cloud resources, by shifting the selection of underlying resources from the end-user to the system in an efficient way. In this work, an optimized Suitability Index and assessment function are proposed, along with their theoretical analysis, for improving the computational efficiency, energy consumption, service delivery and scalability of the distributed orchestration. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is being evaluated with the use of simulation, by comparing the optimized methods with the original approach and the traditional centralized resource management, on real and synthetic High Performance Computing applications. Finally, numerical results are presented and discussed regarding the improvements over the defined evaluation criteria.
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Arnold, Paul, and Dirk von Hugo. "Future integrated communication network architectures enabling heterogeneous service provision." Advances in Radio Science 16 (September 4, 2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-59-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This paper summarizes expectations and requirements towards future converged communication systems denoted by 5th Generation (5G). Multiple research and standardization activities globally contribute to the definition and specification of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide business customers and residential users with both, existing and future upcoming services which demand for higher data rates and granted performance figures in terms of QoS parameters, such as low latency and high reliability. Representative use case families are threefold and represented as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Internet of Things (mIoT), and Critical Communication, i.e. Ultra-Low Latency (ULL)/Ultra-High Reliability (UHR). To deploy and operate a dedicated network for each service or use case separately would raise the expenses and service costs to an unduly high amount. Instead provision of a commonly shared physical infrastructure offering resources for transport, processing, and storage of data to several separated logical networks (slices) individually managed and configured by potentially multiple service providers is the main concept of this new approach. Beside a multitude of other initiatives the EU-funded 5G NORMA project (5G Novel Radio Multiservice adaptive network Architecture) has developed an architecture which enables not only network programmability (configurability in software), but also network slicing and Multi Tenancy (allowing independent 3rd parties to offer an end-to-end service tailored according to their needs) in a mobile network. Major aspects dealt with here are the selectable support of mobility (on-demand) and service-aware QoE/QoS (Quality of Experience/Service) control. Specifically we will report on the outcome of the analysis of design criteria for Mobility Management schemes and the result of an exemplary application of the modular mobility function to scenarios with variable service requirements (e.g. high-terminal speed vs. on-demand mobility or portability of devices). An efficient sharing of scarce frequency resources in new radio systems demands for tight coordination of orchestration and assignment (scheduling) of resources for the different network slices as per capacity and priority (QoS) demand. Dynamicity aspects in changing algorithms and schemes to manage, configure, and optimize the resources at the radio base stations according to slice specific Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are investigated. It has been shown that architectural issues in terms of hierarchy (centralized vs. distributed) and layering, i.e. separation of control (signaling) and (user) data plane will play an essential role to increase the elasticity of network infrastructures which is in focus of applying SDN (Software Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) to next generation communication systems. An outlook towards follow-on standardization and open research questions within different SDOs (Standards Defining Organizations) and recently started cooperative projects concludes the contribution.
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Ben Said, Najah, and Ioana Cristescu. "End-to-end information flow security for web services orchestration." Science of Computer Programming 187 (February 2020): 102376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2019.102376.
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Moubayed, Abdallah, Abdallah Shami, and Anwer Al-Dulaimi. "On End-to-End Intelligent Automation of 6G Networks." Future Internet 14, no. 6 (May 29, 2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14060165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The digital transformation of businesses and services is currently in full force, opening the world to a new set of unique challenges and opportunities. In this context, 6G promises to be the set of technologies, architectures, and paradigms that will promote the digital transformation and enable growth and sustainability by offering the means to interact and control the digital and virtual worlds that are decoupled from their physical location. One of the main challenges facing 6G networks is “end-to-end network automation”. This is because such networks have to deal with more complex infrastructure and a diverse set of heterogeneous services and fragmented use cases. Accordingly, this paper aims at envisioning the role of different enabling technologies towards end-to-end intelligent automated 6G networks. To this end, this paper first reviews the literature focusing on the orchestration and automation of next-generation networks by discussing in detail the challenges facing efficient and fully automated 6G networks. This includes automating both the operational and functional elements for 6G networks. Additionally, this paper defines some of the key technologies that will play a vital role in addressing the research gaps and tackling the aforementioned challenges. More specifically, it outlines how advanced data-driven paradigms such as reinforcement learning and federated learning can be incorporated into 6G networks for more dynamic, efficient, effective, and intelligent network automation and orchestration.
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Tipantuña, Christian, Xavier Hesselbach, Victor Sánchez-Aguero, Francisco Valera, Ivan Vidal, and Borja Nogales. "An NFV-Based Energy Scheduling Algorithm for a 5G Enabled Fleet of Programmable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (February 20, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4734821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) is expected to provide diverse and stringent improvements such as greater connectivity, bandwidth, throughput, availability, improved coverage, and lower latency. Considering this, drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices are perfect examples of existing technology that can take advantage of the capabilities provided by 5G technology. In particular, UAVs are expected to be an important component of 5G networks implementations and support different communication requirements and applications. UAVs working together with 5G can potentially facilitate the deployment of standalone or complementary communications infrastructures, and, due to its rapid deployment, these solutions are suitable candidates to provide network services in emergency scenarios, natural disasters, and search and rescue missions. An important consideration in the deployment of a programmable drone fleet is to guarantee the reliability and performance of the services through consistent monitoring, control, and management scheme. In this regard, the Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) paradigm, a key technology within the 5G ecosystem, can be used to perform automation, management, and orchestration tasks. In addition, to ensure the coordination and reliability in the communications systems, considering that the UAVs have a finite lifetime and that eventually they must be replaced, a scheduling scheme is needed to guarantee the availability of services and efficient resource utilization. To this end, in this paper is presented an UAV scheduling scheme which leverages the potential offered by NFV. The proposed strategy, based on a brute-force search combinatorial algorithm, allows obtaining the optimal scheduling of UAVs in time, in order to efficiently deploy network services. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed strategy, by providing the number of drones needed to meet certain levels of service availability. Furthermore, the strategy allows knowing the sequence of replacement of UAVs to ensure the optimal resource utilization.
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Oztoprak, Kasim, Yusuf Kursat Tuncel, and Ismail Butun. "Technological Transformation of Telco Operators towards Seamless IoT Edge-Cloud Continuum." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article investigates and discusses challenges in the telecommunication field from multiple perspectives, both academic and industry sides are catered for, surveying the main points of technological transformation toward edge-cloud continuum from the view of a telco operator to show the complete picture, including the evolution of cloud-native computing, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and network automation platforms. The cultural shift in software development and management with DevOps enabled the development of significant technologies in the telecommunication world, including network equipment, application development, and system orchestration. The effect of the aforementioned cultural shift to the application area, especially from the IoT point of view, is investigated. The enormous change in service diversity and delivery capabilities to mass devices are also discussed. During the last two decades, desktop and server virtualization has played an active role in the Information Technology (IT) world. With the use of OpenFlow, SDN, and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), the network revolution has got underway. The shift from monolithic application development and deployment to micro-services changed the whole picture. On the other hand, the data centers evolved in several generations where the control plane cannot cope with all the networks without an intelligent decision-making process, benefiting from the AI/ML techniques. AI also enables operators to forecast demand more accurately, anticipate network load, and adjust capacity and throughput automatically. Going one step further, zero-touch networking and service management (ZSM) is proposed to get high-level human intents to generate a low-level configuration for network elements with validated results, minimizing the ratio of faults caused by human intervention. Harmonizing all signs of progress in different communication technologies enabled the use of edge computing successfully. Low-powered (from both energy and processing perspectives) IoT networks have disrupted the customer and end-point demands within the sector, as such paved the path towards devising the edge computing concept, which finalized the whole picture of the edge-cloud continuum.
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Baranda, Jorge, Josep Mangues-Bafalluy, Inaki Pascual, Jose Nunez-Martinez, Juan Luis De La Cruz, Ramon Casellas, Ricard Vilalta, Josep X. Salvat, and Charles Turyagyenda. "Orchestration of End-to-End Network Services in the 5G-Crosshaul Multi-Domain Multi-Technology Transport Network." IEEE Communications Magazine 56, no. 7 (July 2018): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1701329.
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Fernandez, Vidal, and Valera. "Enabling the Orchestration of IoT Slices through Edge and Cloud Microservice Platforms." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132980.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article addresses one of the main challenges related to the practical deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions: the coordinated operation of entities at different infrastructures to support the automated orchestration of end-to-end Internet of Things services. This idea is referred to as “Internet of Things slicing” and is based on the network slicing concept already defined for the Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile networks. In this context, we present the architectural design of a slice orchestrator addressing the aforementioned challenge, based on well-known standard technologies and protocols. The proposed solution is able to integrate existing technologies, like cloud computing, with other more recent technologies like edge computing and network slicing. In addition, a functional prototype of the proposed orchestrator has been implemented, using open-source software and microservice platforms. As a first step to prove the practical feasibility of our solution, the implementation of the orchestrator considers cloud and edge domains. The validation results obtained from the prototype prove the feasibility of the solution from a functional perspective, verifying its capacity to deploy Internet of Things related functions even on resource constrained platforms. This approach enables new application models where these Internet of Things related functions can be onboarded on small unmanned aerial vehicles, offering a flexible and cost-effective solution to deploy these functions at the network edge. In addition, this proposal can also be used on commercial cloud platforms, like the Google Compute Engine, showing that it can take advantage of the benefits of edge and cloud computing respectively.
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Pelle, István, Márk Szalay, János Czentye, Balázs Sonkoly, and László Toka. "Cost and Latency Optimized Edge Computing Platform." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2022): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Latency-critical applications, e.g., automated and assisted driving services, can now be deployed in fog or edge computing environments, offloading energy-consuming tasks from end devices. Besides the proximity, though, the edge computing platform must provide the necessary operation techniques in order to avoid added delays by all means. In this paper, we propose an integrated edge platform that comprises orchestration methods with such objectives, in terms of handling the deployment of both functions and data. We show how the integration of the function orchestration solution with the adaptive data placement of a distributed key–value store can lead to decreased end-to-end latency even when the mobility of end devices creates a dynamic set of requirements. Along with the necessary monitoring features, the proposed edge platform is capable of serving the nomad users of novel applications with low latency requirements. We showcase this capability in several scenarios, in which we articulate the end-to-end latency performance of our platform by comparing delay measurements with the benchmark of a Redis-based setup lacking the adaptive nature of data orchestration. Our results prove that the stringent delay requisites necessitate the close integration that we present in this paper: functions and data must be orchestrated in sync in order to fully exploit the potential that the proximity of edge resources enables.
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Nguyen, Chau Thi Minh, and Doan B. Hoang. "Large-Scale Software-Defined IoT Platform for Provisioning IoT Services on Demand." International Journal of Smart Sensor Technologies and Applications 1, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssta.20200101.oa1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Internet of things (IoT) has developed into an interconnected platform infrastructure for providing everyday services. Emerging end-to-end IoT services are being developed for local and multiple distributed regions. To realize the on-demand services in a timely and economically beneficial way, programmability and reusability are crucial for provisioning and reusing IoT resources. Existing IoT platforms are rigid and cannot be easily adapted to accommodate new services. This paper proposes a programmable large-scale software-defined IoT model for provisioning IoT services on demand with two levels of management and orchestration. One orchestrates services over geographically distributed clusters and the other orchestrates services over IoT devices within a cluster. The model entails the design of IoT-specific controllers, software-defined virtual sensors, and a new protocol for managing resource-constrained but enriched devices. The model allows provisioning and resource-sharing of end-to-end IoT services on demand. Implementation results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model.
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Tam, Prohim, Sa Math, and Seokhoon Kim. "Priority-Aware Resource Management for Adaptive Service Function Chaining in Real-Time Intelligent IoT Services." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 2976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11192976.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) in various mission-critical applications generates service heterogeneity with different priority labels. A set of virtual network function (VNF) orders represents service function chaining (SFC) for a particular service to robustly execute in a network function virtualization (NFV)-enabled environment. In IoT networks, the configuration of adaptive SFC has emerged to ensure optimality and elasticity of resource expenditure. In this paper, priority-aware resource management for adaptive SFC is provided by modeling the configuration of real-time IoT service requests. The problem models of the primary features that impact the optimization of configuration times and resource utilization are studied. The proposed approaches query the promising embedded deep reinforcement learning engine in the management layer (e.g., orchestrator) to observe the state features of VNFs, apply the action on instantiating and modifying new/created VNFs, and evaluate the average transmission delays for end-to-end IoT services. In the embedded SFC procedures, the agent formulates the function approximator for scoring the existing chain performance metrics. The testbed simulation was conducted in SDN/NFV topologies and captured the average of rewards, delays, delivery ratio, and throughput as −48.6666, 10.9766 ms, 99.9221%, and 615.8441 Mbps, which outperformed other reference approaches, following parameter configuration in this environment.
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Nakazato, Jin, Zongdian Li, Kazuki Maruta, Keiichi Kubota, Tao Yu, Gia Khanh Tran, Kei Sakaguchi, and Soh Masuko. "MEC/Cloud Orchestrator to Facilitate Private/Local Beyond 5G with MEC and Proof-of-Concept Implementation." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 5145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emergence of 5G-IoT opens up unprecedented connectivity possibilities for new service use cases and players. Multi-access edge computing (MEC) is a crucial technology and enabler for Beyond 5G, supporting next-generation communications with service guarantees (e.g., ultra-low latency, high security) from an end-to-end (E2E) perspective. On the other hand, one notable advance is the platform that supports virtualization from RAN to applications. Deploying Radio Access Networks (RAN) and MEC, including third-party applications on virtualization platforms, and renting other equipment from legacy telecom operators will make it easier for new telecom operators, called Private/Local Telecom Operators, to join the ecosystem. Our preliminary studies have discussed the ecosystem for private and local telecom operators regarding business potential and revenue and provided numerical results. What remains is how Private/Local Telecom Operators can manage and deploy their MEC applications. In this paper, we designed the architecture for fully virtualized MEC 5G cellular networks with local use cases (e.g., stadiums, campuses). We propose an MEC/Cloud Orchestrator implementation for intelligent deployment selection. In addition, we provide implementation schemes in several cases held by either existing cloud owners or private and local operators. In order to verify the proposal’s feasibility, we designed the system level in E2E and constructed a Beyond 5G testbed at the Ōokayama Campus of the Tokyo Institute of Technology. Through proof-of-concept in the outdoor field, the proposed system’s feasibility is verified by E2E performance evaluation. The verification results prove that the proposed approach can reduce latency and provide a more stable throughput than conventional cloud services.
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Math, Sa, Prohim Tam, and Seokhoon Kim. "Proactive Network Fault Management for Reliable Subscribed Network Slicing in Software-Defined Mobile Data IoT Services." Scientific Programming 2022 (May 24, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8774190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Proactive network solutions (PNS) become the precise management and orchestration (MANO) in the applied artificial intelligence (AI) era. The PNS proposed to invent future mobile edge communications by predicting the fault networks for reliable slicing configurations. Furthermore, federated learning (FL) systems have been appealed to apply for critical mobile data privacy of the Internet of Things (IoT) services. Therefore, FL-based IoT communications need a precise PNS to pretend the network failures to maximize the model inference and improve end-to-end (E2E) quality of services (QoS). This paper proposed an adopted software-defined network slicing (NS) for IoT communications based on network failure prediction and resource allocations by utilizing a deep-Q-network approach (DQN). The proposed proactive reliable subscribed network slicing was based on software-defined DQN-based proactive dynamic resource allocations (SDQN-PDRA) for adaptive communication configurations. The experiment showed that the proposed approach enhanced the significant outcomes of stability, reliability, convergence time, and other communication QoS.
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Kukliński, Sławomir, Krzysztof Szczypiorski, and Prosper Chemouil. "UAV Support for Mission Critical Services." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 5681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155681.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mission critical solutions are essential for providing communications and services in the case of the troubles with connectivity that are often found in infrastructure-based solutions. Such solutions are typically used in the case of disasters, lack of energy, etc. There exist several narrowband solutions that provide countrywide coverage in certain countries. In recent years, the activities related to creating mission-critical broadband solutions based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) have led to the definition of LTE Mission Critical (LTE-MC). Both solutions ignore virtualization and require dedicated mobile terminals as a part of the mission-critical communication solution. This paper describes the opportunities, open issues and a proposal of a solution that exploits Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and network virtualization for mission-critical services. The presented approach combines Cloud/Edge and Fog orchestration to efficiently use all the available resources, including virtualized resources of the end-user devices.
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Tripathi, A. K., S. Agrawal, and R. D. Gupta. "WPS ENABLED SDI: AN OPEN SOURCE APPROACH TO PROVIDE GEOPROCESSING IN WEB ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5/W2 (December 5, 2019): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-w2-119-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Sharing and management of geospatial data among different communities and users is a challenge which is suitably addressed by Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). SDI helps people in the discovery, editing, processing and visualization of spatial data. The user can download the data from SDI and process it using the local resources. However, large volume and heterogeneity of data make this processing difficult at the client end. This problem can be resolved by orchestrating the Web Processing Service (WPS) with SDI. WPS is a service interface through which geoprocessing can be done over the internet. In this paper, a WPS enabled SDI framework with OGC compliant services is conceptualized and developed. It is based on the three tier client server architecture. OGC services are provided through GeoServer. WPS extension of GeoServer is used to perform geospatial data processing and analysis. The developed framework is utilized to create a public health SDI prototype using Open Source Software (OSS). The integration of WPS with SDI demonstrates how the various data analysis operations of WPS can be performed over the web on distributed data sources provided by SDI.
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Gao, Li, Xiao Jun Meng, and Yong Jin Yu. "Study on Enterprise Integration Platform Based on Web Services." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.633.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Logical framework of enterprise integration platform is constructed, which is based on the model of user-process-applications. The application systems and business processes are encapsulated by the neutral and standard web services with the support of enterprise applications and database. By using services publishing and discovering mechanisms, enterprise resources can be located and shared. Services within the enterprise can by dynamically orchestrated as processes, so that the enterprise business process can by dynamically constructed and monitored according to the changing environment. Core of the platform is orchestration and management of web services, which is driver by a process engine. The platform is exhibited as enterprise portal supporting single sing-on. An enterprise –wide Kanban system is also incorporated within the platform, covering the enterprise and workshop information. An example is given at the end.
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Cattaneo, Giorgio, Fabio Giust, Claudio Meani, Daniele Munaretto, and Pietro Paglierani. "Deploying CPU-Intensive Applications on MEC in NFV Systems: The Immersive Video Use Case." Computers 7, no. 4 (October 26, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers7040055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) will be a technology pillar of forthcoming 5G networks. Nonetheless, there is a great interest in also deploying MEC solutions in current 4G infrastructures. MEC enables data processing in proximity to end users. Thus, latency can be minimized, high data rates locally achieved, and real-time information about radio link status or consumer geographical position exploited to develop high-value services. To consolidate network elements and edge applications on the same virtualization infrastructure, network operators aim to combine MEC with Network Function Virtualization (NFV). However, MEC in NFV integration is not fully established yet: in fact, various architectural issues are currently open, even at standardization level. This paper describes a novel MEC in an NFV system which successfully combines, at management level, MEC functional blocks with an NFV Orchestrator, and can neutrally support any “over the top” Mobile Edge application with minimal integration effort. A specific ME app combined with an end-user app for the provision of immersive video services is presented. To provide low latency, CPU-intensive services to end users, the proposed architecture exploits High-Performance Computing resources embedded in the edge infrastructure. Experimental results showing the effectiveness of the proposed architecture are reported and discussed.
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Aalbers, Rick, and Wilfred Dolfsma. "Innovation despite reorganization." Journal of Business Strategy 35, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-06-2013-0046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how to nourish innovation during the course of a downsizing event. Drawing from an array of intra-organizational network studies, we show how management can use its understanding of the existing formal and informal networks to rewire connections between employees. Downsizing always leaves scars. Yet tough choices need to be made in tough times. In such times, innovation efforts are easiest to cut since their returns are uncertain and will only arrive in the future. Innovation is known to suffer. Cutting on innovation however may simply postpone the inevitable by poorly equipping a firm for future survival let alone competitive positioning. Design/methodology/approach – The insights presented in this article are based on research and consulting work over the past years with a number of leading companies in industries varying from financial and information technology services, to engineering, trading and professional service firms (a.o. Atos Origin, Equens, Siemens, Deloitte, ING, Academia, DSM, Friesland Campina, Shell, Philips). This work centered on understanding how to orchestrate downsizing without hampering the interpersonal network of relations that constitutes the innovative DNA of the firm. To examine this process, we used organization network analysis techniques to visualize the networks that facilitate the transfer of innovative knowledge at a variety of organizations. Through a series of interviews in combination with analysis of the innovation networks pre- and post-downsizing, deeper understanding of the characteristics of the guardians of innovation was gained. Personal innovation activity and value of inputs were measured and these were correlated with the network position prior and post-downsizing. Findings – Orchestration of downsizing is a delicate and crucial task for management. There is a natural tendency, when deciding who to retain, to mostly look at the knowledge and capabilities that an individual holds. Without connections to others in the firm, however, even if the knowledge someone holds is relevant, it will not be developed further. In this paper, it is argued that a crucial ingredient of downsizing is for management to use its understanding of the existing formal and informal networks so it can rewire connections between employees keeping our findings in mind. Research limitations/implications – Downsizing requires managerial agility. While typically of strategic nature, the consequences of downsizing may have considerable negative operational consequences, disrupting organizational routines, when management does not tread carefully. When deciding on who to retain and who to let go, value attributed to individual knowledge and capabilities commonly play a leading role in guiding these managerial decisions. The true value of these knowledge and capabilities however, will not flourish without a supportive social infrastructure to leverage them within the organization. Without connections to others in the firm even the brightest idea will not be developed further. Successfully managing a downsizing even requires management to use insight in the existing formal and informal networks present within the organization to actively rewire connections between employees bearing our findings in mind. Without attention to properly retaining some wires and rewiring other social contacts, and particularly the ones that nourish innovation, downsizing becomes self-defeating. Practical implications – Managers need to take an end-to-end view of their innovation efforts, spotting firm-specific strengths and weaknesses and tailoring innovation efforts in a way that is appropriate to their firm. In times of downsizing, innovation efforts are easiest to cut, as their returns are uncertain and will only arrive in the future. Innovation is known to suffer. At the same time, however, cutting on innovation may simply postpone the inevitable by poorly equipping a firm for future survival, let alone competitive positioning. In this contribution, what innovation efforts should be cut and which should be maintained have been pointed out, and how innovation efforts can be maintained at lower cost has been shown. Social implications – Selecting among innovation efforts is important in good times, but it becomes a life-saving exercise in times of crisis. Not only profitability but also job security and long-term employability are at stake. In these times, investing in the development of new knowledge that may only be relevant in a distant future is no longer an option. What managers need to realize is, however, that innovation thrives on employees closely cooperating in fine-grained social interactions. With this consideration in mind, a firm can make better choices to continue to nourish innovation despite downsizing. Originality/value – Although the explicit desire to investigate network evolution is not a recent one (Burt, 2000; McPherson et al., 2001), it only recently has found its way toward the field of organizational network studies (Van de Bunt et al., 2005). We follow up earlier research by Shah (2000), as we shed light on the network effects of downsizing, which surprisingly has remained particularly rare in this line of research to date. These findings might prove useful to start up much needed studies on tie formation strategies (Hallen and Eisenhardt, 2011) which, at the intraorganizational level, have not been carried out to date.