Дисертації з теми "Encapsulation devices"
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Roohpour, Nima. "Polyurethane membranes for encapsulation of implantable medical devices." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510793.
Повний текст джерелаGoh, Kuan Eng Johnson Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Encapsulation of Si:P devices fabricated by scanning tunnelling microscopy." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Physics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27022.
Повний текст джерелаNehm, Frederik. "Encapsulation and stability of organic devices upon water ingress." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-223230.
Повний текст джерелаOrganische Elektronik-Bauteile wie organische Solarzellen und organische Leuchtdioden degradieren in kürzester Zeit, wenn sie ungeschützt feuchter Luft ausgesetzt sind. Ihre starke Anfälligkeit gegenüber Wasserdampf macht ihre Verkapselung notwendig. Der maximale Wassereintritt, der für sinnvolle Lebensdauern noch zulässig erscheint, liegt jedoch noch mehrere Größenordnungen unter dem, was mit existierenden Technologien erreicht werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein elektrischer Kalzium-Korrosionstest benutzt, um Barrieresysteme auf ihre Anwendbarkeit als Verkapselung organischer Bauelemente hin zu untersuchen und zu optimieren. Abgesehen von signifikanten Verbesserungen am Messsystem werden Wasserdampfbarrieren aus Atomlagenabscheidungs-, Kathodenzerstäubungs- und Verdampfungsprozessen vermessen. Dabei werden außerordentlich niedrige Wasserdampfdurchtrittsraten von nur 2*10^(-5) g(H2O)/(m²*d) in einem Alterungsklima von 38 °C und 90% relativer Feuchte verzeichnet. Vollkommen neue Verkapselungstechniken werden realisiert, wie etwa die Integration von Zwischenschichten durch Molekularlagenabscheidung oder die Lamination zweier Barrieren, die unabhängig voneinander prozessiert werden. Dieser Prozess verwandelt einfache Al Schichten in qualitativ hochwertige Wasserdampfbarrieren. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Einzelschicht-Barrieren einer breiten Klimavariation ausgesetzt. Dies ermöglicht die genaue Analyse der Permeationsmechanismen des Wassers. Es wird gezeigt, dass Sorption hier dem Henry'sche Gesetz folgt. Diffusion entlang der Grenzfläche unterhalb der Barriere dominiert die Permeation zu späten Testzeiten. Die untersuchten Wasserdampfbarrieren werden an organischen Leuchtdioden und Solarzellen erprobt und zeigen große Verbesserungen bezüglich ihrer Lebensdauern. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich eine stark verbesserte Resistenz gegenüber Wassereintritt, wenn eine zusätzliche Adhäsionsschicht unter der Kathodengrenzfläche integriert wird. Letztendlich zeigt sich das große Potential und die Anwendbarkeit der Ergebnisse in der hohen Effizienz und langen Lebensdauer vollflexibler, verkapselter organischer Solarzellen
Fuchs, Adrian Vaughan. "The encapsulation of gold nanoparticles using RAFT, ATRP and miniemulsion polymerisation techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31708/3/Adrian_Fuchs_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKinder, Erich W. "Fabrication of All-Inorganic Optoelectronic Devices Using Matrix Encapsulation of Nanocrystal Arrays." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339719904.
Повний текст джерелаKarasinski, Michael A. "Manufacturing Microfluidic Flow Focusing Devices For Stimuli Responsive Alginate Microsphere Generation And Cell Encapsulation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/756.
Повний текст джерелаBroha, Vincent. "Encapsulation couche mince des dispositifs photovoltaïquesorganiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI027.
Повний текст джерелаOxygen and water present in the atmosphere are important actors of the degradation of materialscontained in optoelectronic devices. In order to increase the stability and the lifetime ofOPV, the devices are encapsulated with gas-barrier materials by lamination encapsulation orthin film encapsulation. These latter, espacially used in OLED technology, provides high performancegas barriers by depositing dense inorganic layers directly onto the devices. However,they are subject to the defects of the surfaces on which they are deposited.The purpose of this study is to develop a planarinzing layer in order to homogenize the surfaceof organic photovoltaic devices (OPV) and to reduce the roughness with the aim to obtain animproved gas barrier protection, conferred by the subsequent deposition of dense inorganic layersby various ways (liquid and gaseous routes).In a first step, the planarization layers were developed from six p(VDF-HFP) co-polymers. Thesehave been characterized to improve our knowledge on those materials.Through a solubility study, inks at different concentrations in ethyl acetate were made. Thelatter were studied by rheological measurements and surface tension to understand better theirspread, and the surface conditions obtained on PET substrates and OPV devices. Those researchswere completed with a topography control and consequently the planarization of OPVdevices by confocal microscopy.Finally, the study of the barrier performance of hybrid encapsulation structures (organic-inorganic)revealed a good compatibility when the rugosity of the planarization layer is very low. Theseresults are confirmed by permeation measurements and accelerated aging tests of OPV devicesencapsulated in climatic chambers that illustrate the interest of the planarized ink developed.This work has been performed in the LMPO Laboratory at CEA/LITEN in collaboration withthe chemical company Arkema in order to be able to provide performant encapsulation technologies
Klumbies, Hannes. "Encapsulations for Organic Devices and their Evaluation using Calcium Corrosion Tests." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133263.
Повний текст джерелаDiese Arbeit untersucht die Verkapselung organischer Leuchtdioden (OLEDs) und organischer Solarzellen (OSCs), um ihre Lebensdauer zu verlängern. Trotz unbestrittener Vorteile wie geringer Materialaufwand und mechanische Flexibilität stellt die kurze Lebensdauer dieser Bauteile an Luft einen deutlichen Nachteil dar. Um sie zu schützen, müssen sie mit Permeationsbarrieren verkapselt werden. Eine geeignete Barriere zeichnet sich durch eine Wasserpermeationsrate (WVTR) unterhalb von 10^(-4) g(H2O) m^(-2) d^(-1) aus – weniger als eine Monolage Wasser pro Tag. Folglich wird zur Entwicklung einer solchen Barriere primär eine äußerst empflindliche Methode zu ihrer Vermessung benötigt. Um für den elektrischen Calcium-Test ein hinreichendes Maß an Messgenauigkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Probendurchsatz zu erzielen, werden in dieser Arbeit Grundlagenuntersuchungen sowie die Entwicklung des Messaufbaus umfassend behandelt. Der elektrische Calcium-Test bestimmt die Menge eindringenden Wassers anhand der Leitfähigkeitsabnahme einer dünnen Schicht Calcium – eines unedlen Metalls. Um eine hohe Genauigkeit zu erlangen, werden das Reaktionsprodukt (Calciumhydroxid) und der spezifische Widerstand ((6,2 +- 0,1) 10^(-6) Ohm cm) aufgedampfter Calcium-Filme bestimmt. Entgegen einer für die Auswertung von Calcium-Tests üblichen Annahme wird für Calcium ein lateral inhomogenes Korrosionsverhalten festgestellt. Allerdings kann theoretisch und experimentell nachgewiesen werden, dass hierdurch die WVTR-Messung nicht verfälscht wird. Neben diesen Grundlagenuntersuchungen werden Design-Probleme des Calcium-Tests und deren Lösung vorgestellt, z. B. die Schädigung der anorganischen Barriere durch direkten Kontakt mit dem Calcium-Sensor. Im Ergebnis ist damit ein ebenso leistungsstarker wie zuverlässiger Messaufbau entwickelt worden. Im nächsten Schritt wird die Untersuchung einer Vielzahl von Barrieren mithilfe von Calcium-Tests, aber auch Bauteil-Verkapselung und galvanischer Abscheidung in Defekten, vorgestellt: Die Permeation durch aufgedampfte Aluminium-Dünnfilme geschieht demnach im Wesentlichen durch Makro-Defekte (Radien > 0,4 μm), die einer optischen Charakterisierung zugänglich sind. Barrieren, die durch Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) hergestellt werden, verbessern sich mit steigender Schichtdicke, wobei solche Schichten auf Folien ausgezeichnete – aber bisher unzuverlässige – Permeationsbarrieren darstellen. Sowohl für einfache Polymerfolien als auch für gesputterte Zink-Zinn-Oxid-Barrieren (ZTO) werden zum einen gute Übereinstimmungen der gemessenen WVTR mit Vergleichswerten erzielt, zum anderen wächst in beiden Fällen die WVTR grob linear mit der anliegenden Luftfeuchte. Die POLO-Barriere mit einer WVTR im unteren 10^(-4) g(H2O) m^(-2) d^(-1)-Bereich erreicht die Messgrenze des aktuellen Messaufbaus. Kurzgesagt, es werden tiefgehende Untersuchungen zur Permeation durch verschiedene Barrieren durchgeführt, die grundlegende Zusammenhänge zwischen WVTR und Prozess-/Klimabedingungen beleuchten. Schließlich wird Wasser, das die aktive Fläche reduziert, als die vorrangige Degradationsursache identifiziert. Für je eine Sorte OLEDs und OSCs wird mittels eines vergleichenden (gegenüber Calcium-Tests) Alterungsexperiments dieWassermenge bestimmt, die die aktive Fläche um 50% verringert (T50-Wasser-Aufnahme). Für die OSC wird zudem gezeigt, dass die T50-Wasser-Aufnahme von (20 +- 7) mg(H2O) m^(-2) unabhängig von den Klimabedingungen ist. Folglich kann die zuvor unspezifische Forderung nach einer angestrebten Lebensdauer nun in eine konkrete Anforderung an die Barriere übersetzt werden: eine Wasserpermeationsrate. Mit Blick auf das Feld der Verkapselung verbessert diese Arbeit eine wichtige Messmethode, charakterisiert eine Vielzahl an Permeationsbarrieren und untersucht die Bauteilalterung durch Lufteinwirkung. Auch wenn das das Forschungsfeld der Verkapselungen nach wie vor eine Reihe offener Fragen aufweist, so bestärkt diese Arbeit doch in der Hoffnung, dass die organischen Bauteile selbige überdauern werden
Diouf, Maïmouna Wagane. "Low-temperature synthesis of alumina and titania by atomic layer deposition for application to the encapsulation of organic devices." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0373.
Повний текст джерелаThe scientific goal of this work was to propose improved, cost-efficient encapsulation film structures with the use of atomic layer deposition at low temperature. Widely used oxides, alumina and titania, have been investigated with the use of low-cost chemical precursors (trimethyl aluminum – TMA, titanium tetraisopropoxide – TTIP).The use of plasma treatment to improve the intrinsic barrier properties of the oxide layers has been proposed and tested on alumina. Alumina has been synthesized at 80°C, using TMA and water (thermal mode) or TMA and an argon / oxygen plasma (plasma-enhanced mode).Plasma treatment consists of periodic exposure to an argon / oxygen plasma during a thermal deposition. It has made it possible to produce films having better barrier properties than films deposited in pure thermal mode or in pure plasma-enhanced mode.An effort has been made on the understanding of the reason for the very low barrier performances of titania made at low-temperature. The permeability of these films has been shown to be related to the incorporation of TTIP ligands into the layer during low-temperature syntheses. The use of heat treatment at a temperature above the crystallization threshold of TiO2 (ca. 340 ° C.) has proved effective in eliminating ligands and restoring chemical resistance.It has been necessary to also work on the characterization methods to evaluate the barrier properties. A rapid method of macro-defects characterization, already used at Encapsulix, has been further developed: defects decoration with sulfuric acid.This work is a contribution to the improvement of the intrinsic barrier properties of the oxides used in nanolaminates for encapsulation
Nehm, Frederik Verfasser], Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] [Leo, and Volker [Gutachter] Kirchhoff. "Encapsulation and stability of organic devices upon water ingress / Frederik Nehm ; Gutachter: Karl Leo, Volker Kirchhoff ; Betreuer: Karl Leo." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130092909/34.
Повний текст джерелаNehm, Frederik [Verfasser], Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Leo, and Volker [Gutachter] Kirchhoff. "Encapsulation and stability of organic devices upon water ingress / Frederik Nehm ; Gutachter: Karl Leo, Volker Kirchhoff ; Betreuer: Karl Leo." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130092909/34.
Повний текст джерелаAdeyemi, Adefemi Habib. "Microfluidic Devices for the Characterization and Manipulation of Encapsulated Cells in Agarose Microcapsules Using Dielectrophoresis and Electrophoresis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37102.
Повний текст джерелаComunian, Talita Aline. "Simultaneous encapsulation of echium (Echium Plantagineum L.) seed oil, phytosterols and phenolic compounds: characterization and application of microcapsules." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-23022018-135021/.
Повний текст джерелаO consumo de ácidos graxos ômega-3 e fitosterol promove a redução dos níveis de colesterol e triacilglicerol. No entanto, esses compostos são susceptíveis à oxidação, o que dificulta sua aplicação. Primeiramente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi encapsular o óleo de echium (Echium plantagineum L.), fonte de ácidos graxos ômega-3, com compostos fenólicos hidrofílicos (ácido sinápico e rutina) por emulsão dupla seguida de coacervação complexa com intuito de avaliar o melhor composto fenólico hidrofílico. Neste caso, o ácido sinápico apresentou melhor desempenho como antioxidante. Em seguida, o segundo objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a microencapsulação do óleo de echium por coacervação complexa utilizando as combinações gelatina-goma arábica e gelatina-goma de caju como materiais de parede e ácido sinápico e transglutaminase como agentes de reticulação. Nesta etapa, foi possível observar que o ácido sinápico, além de ser um antioxidante, também pode atuar como agente de reticulação. Assim, o terceiro objetivo foi estudar o efeito do ácido sinápico em micropartículas de óleo de echium obtidas por emulsão seguida de atomização ou liofilização utilizando goma arábica como agente carreador, com a finalidade de comparar diferentes técnicas de encapsulação. Além desses métodos, o quarto objetivo foi comparar essas técnicas já mencionadas com a combinação de dispositivos microfluídicos e gelificação iônica utilizando o óleo de echium como composto bioativo. Neste caso, o ácido sinápico e a quercetina também foram incorporados nas microcápsulas. Todas as microcápsulas/ micropartículas obtidas pelas diferentes técnicas mencionadas apresentaram características viáveis para aplicação e também promoveram a proteção do óleo. No entanto, a encapsulação por coacervação complexa e a adição de ácido sinápico como reticulante foi o método escolhido para a coencapsulação de óleo de echium e fitosteróis, uma vez que apresentou melhor resultado. Além disso, o tratamento GA075 (microcápsula com gelatina-goma arábica como materiais de parede e 0,075g de ácido sinápico/ g gelatina) promoveu a melhor proteção aos compostos encapsulados. Desta forma, este tratamento foi aplicado em iogurte e comparado com o mesmo adicionado dos compostos não encapsulados e o iogurte controle. O iogurte contendo microcápsulas apresentou faixa de pH de 3,89-4,17 e acidez titulável de 0,798-0,826 %, com boa aceitação sensorial. Foi possível a aplicação das microcápsulas no iogurte, sem comprometer as propriedades reológicas e a estabilidade físico-química do produto, obtendo um produto funcional rico em ácidos graxos ômega-3, fitosteróis e compostos fenólicos.
Castagnola, Valentina. "Implantable microelectrodes on soft substrate with nanostructured active surface for stimulation and recording of brain activities." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2646/.
Повний текст джерелаImplantable neural prosthetics devices offer, nowadays, a promising opportunity for the restoration of lost functions in patients affected by brain or spinal cord injury, by providing the brain with a non-muscular channel able to link machines to the nervous system. The long term reliability of these devices constituted by implantable electrodes has emerged as a crucial factor in view of the application in the "brain-machine interface" domain. However, current electrodes for recording or stimulation still fail within months or even weeks. This lack of long-term reliability, mainly related to the chronic foreign body reaction, is induced, at the beginning, by insertion trauma, and then exacerbated as a result of mechanical mismatch between the electrode and the tissue during brain motion. All these inflammatory factors lead, over the time, to the encapsulation of the electrode by an insulating layer of reactive cells thus impacting the quality of the interface between the implanted device and the brain tissue. To overcome this phenomenon, both the biocompatibility of materials and processes, and the mechanical properties of the electrodes have to be considered. During this PhD, we have addressed both issues by developing a simple process to fabricate soft implantable devices fully made of parylene. The resulting flexible electrodes are fully biocompatible and more compliant with the brain tissue thus limiting the inflammatory reaction during brain motions. Once the fabrication process has been completed, our study has been focused on the device performances and stability. The use of high density micrometer electrodes with a diameter ranging from 10 to 50 µm, on one hand, provides more localized recordings and allows converting a series of electrophysiological signals into, for instance, a movement command. On the other hand, as the electrode dimensions decrease, the impedance increases affecting the quality of signal recordings. Here, an organic conductive polymer, the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, has been used to improve the recording characteristics of small electrodes. PEDOT was deposited on electrode surfaces by electrochemical deposition with a high reproducibility. Homogeneous coatings with a high electrical conductivity were obtained using various electrochemical routes. Thanks to the increase of the surface to volume ratio provided by the PEDOT coating, a significant lowering of the electrode impedance (up to 3 orders of magnitude) has been obtained over a wide range of frequencies. Thermal accelerated ageing tests were also performed without any significant impact on the electrical properties demonstrating the stability of the PEDOT coatings over several months. The resulting devices, made of parylene with a PEDOT coating on the active surface of electrodes, have been tested in vitro and in vivo in mice brain. An improved signal to noise ratio during neural recording has been measured in comparison to results obtained with commercially available electrodes. In conclusion, the technology described here, combining long-term stability and low impedance, make these implantable electrodes suitable candidates for the development of chronic neural interfaces
Monette-Catafard, Nicolas. "High-throughput Cell Encapsulation in Monodisperse Agarose Microcapsules Using a Microfluidic Device." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31852.
Повний текст джерелаHiscox, Alton. "Development, Characterization, and Assessment of a Tissue-Engineered Prevascularized Pancreatic Islet Encapsulation Device." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196072.
Повний текст джерелаTavares, Guilherme Miranda. "β-lactoglobulin and lactoferrin complex coacervates: Characterization and putative applications as encapsulation device". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7801.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T15:05:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3560441 bytes, checksum: 82236d1734bfb37faef9de46c5042ddf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-08
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A encapsulação de moléculas bioativas é utilizada há décadas pelas industrias de alimentos e representa uma real oportunidade de desenvolvimento de produtos inovadores. Dada a sua versatilidade funcional, as proteínas do leite, em particular as proteínas do soro de leite, tem sido utilizadas para fins de encapsulação por meio de diferentes técnicas. Complementarmente, estudos recentes mostraram a habilidade de proteínas alimentares de carga oposta de se co-associar formando micro-esferas através da coacervação complexa. Compreender as forças que governam o processo de coacervação de hetero-proteínas e o efeito da presença de pequenos ligantes (bioativos) são pré-requisitos para o uso de coacervados complexos de hetero-proteínas como agentes de encapsulação. Neste contexto, o objetivo do meu projeto de tese foi entender o mecanismo de coacervação complexa entre β-lactoglobulina (β-LG) e lactoferrina (LF) na ausência ou na presença de pequenos ligantes. As condições ótimas para a coacervação entre β-LG e LF foram identificadas como sendo entre os pH 5.4 – 6.0 e em presença de um excesso molar de β-LG. Interessantemente, LF demonstrou uma seletividade de coacervação com a β-LG A, a isoforma ligeiramente mais eletronegativa. A nivel molecular, a presença de dois sítios de interação da β-LG com a LF foram evidenciados. Em complemento, hetero-complexos como o pentâmero LF(β-LG 2 ) 2 e outros complexos maiores (LFβ- LG 2 ) n foram identificados como constituintes da fase coacervada. Para avaliar o efeito da presença de pequenos ligantes na coacervação complexa entre β-LG e LF, foram usados modelos de moléculas hidrofóbica (ANS) e hidrofílica (ácido fólico). Embora nas condições experimentais os pequenos ligantes não tenham interagido com a β-LG, ambos interagiram com a LF induzindo sua auto-associação em nano- partículas. Concentrações relativamente elevadas de pequenos ligantes afetaram a interação entre as duas proteínas levando a uma transição entre os regimes de coacervação e agregação.
Le bénéfice de l’encapsulation des molécules bioactives a séduit les industries agroalimentaires depuis plusieurs décennies et constitue toujours un levier de développement pour des produits innovants. Plus récemment des études ont montré la capacité de protéines alimentaires de charge opposée à s’assembler en microsphères par coacervation complexe. La compréhension des forces gouvernant le processus de coacervation complexe entre protéines et l’influence exercée par la présence de petits ligands (bioactifs) demeurent des prérequis pour l’utilisation des coacervats complexes de protéines comme agent d’encapsulation. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de mon projet de thèse a été de comprendre le mécanisme de coacervation complexe entre une protéine chargée négativement, la β-lactoglobuline (β-LG), et une protéine chargée positivement, la lactoferrine (LF), issues du lactosérum en absence et en présence de petits ligands. Les conditions optimales de coacervation entre la β-LG et la LF ont été définies entre pH 5.4 et 6.0 ainsi qu’en présence d’un excès de β-LG. La LF a présenté une coacervation préférentielle avec le variant A de la β-LG qui se distingue du variant B par la substitution de 2 acides aminés. Au niveau moléculaire, deux sites de fixation de la β-LG sur la LF ont été identifiés. En outre, par la mesure d’une part des coefficients de diffusion rotationnel et d’autre part de la cinétique de diffusion des entités moléculaires constituant les coacervats, il est suggéré que ces derniers sont formés à partir de β-LG libre, de pentamère, LF(β- LG 2 ) 2 , ainsi que des entités plus larges, (LFβ-LG 2 ) n . Afin d’évaluer l’effet de la présence de petits ligands sur la coacervation complexe entre la β-LG et la LF, des ligands modèles, l’un hydrophobe (ANS), l’autre hydrophile (acide folique) ont été utilisés. Dans les conditions expérimentales testées ces deux ligands n’ont pas d’affinité pour la β-LG, mais après interaction avec la LF ils sont capables d’induire son auto-association en nanoparticules. En concentrations élevées de ligands, la coacervation complexe entre la β-LG et la LF est perturbée et une transition vers un régime d’agrégation est observée.
Encapsulation of bioactives has been used by the food industries for decades and represents a great potential for the development of innovative products. Given their versatile functional properties, milk proteins in particular from whey have been used for encapsulation purposes using several encapsulation techniques. In parallel, recent studies showed the ability of oppositely charged food proteins to co-assemble into microspheres through complex coacervation. Understanding the driving forces governing heteroprotein coacervation process and how it is affected by the presence of ligands (bioactives) is a prerequisite to use heteroprotein coacervates as encapsulation device. In this context, the objective of my thesis work was to understand the mechanism of complex coacervation between β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and lactoferrin (LF) in the absence and presence of small ligands. The conditions of optimal β-LG - LF coacervation were found at pH range 5.4-6 with a molar excess of β-LG. Remarkably, LF showed selective coacervation with β-LG A, the slightly more negative isoform. At molecular level, the presence of two binding sites on LF for β-LG was evidenced. Moreover, the heterocomplexes such as pentamers LF(β-LG 2 ) 2 and quite large complexes (LFβ-LG 2 )n were identified as the constituent molecular species of the coacervate phase. To evaluate the β-LG - LF complex coacervation in the presence of small ligands, models of hydrophobic (ANS) and hydrophilic molecules (folic acid) were used. Although under the experimental conditions tested the small ligands did not interact with β-LG, both interacted with LF inducing its self- association into nanoparticles. High relative concentrations of small ligands affected the interaction between the two proteins leading to a transition from coacervation to aggregation regime.
Kim, Namsu. "Fabrication and characterization of thin-film encapsulation for organic electronics." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31772.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Samuel Graham; Committee Member: Bernard Kippelen; Committee Member: David McDowell; Committee Member: Sankar Nair; Committee Member: Suresh Sitaraman. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Klumbies, Hannes [Verfasser], Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Leo, and Steven M. [Akademischer Betreuer] George. "Encapsulations for Organic Devices and their Evaluation using Calcium Corrosion Tests / Hannes Klumbies. Gutachter: Karl Leo ; Steven M. George." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068445114/34.
Повний текст джерелаHerrera, Morales Jorge Mario. "Evaluation de couches barrières biocompatibles pour l’encapsulation de dispositifs médicaux microélectroniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS016/document.
Повний текст джерелаMiniaturized medical devices are becoming increasingly adopted by doctors and patients because they enable new treatment and monitoring capabilities, minimally invasive surgery, improved portability and ease of use. Recent examples include micro pacemakers, micro cochlear implants and ex-situ micro glucose sensors. However, implantable micro devices employing packaging technologies other than metallic enclosures are yet to be seen. Physiological monitors such as in-situ pressure sensors and BioMEMS could profit significantly from advances in thin barrier films for corrosion protection of silicon micro devices. Coating films that stop the diffusion and permeation of harmful substances are necessary to protect both the patient and the micro device. Ceramic films deposited by chemical vapor deposition techniques are good candidates for this task due to their low permeability to gases, low chemical reactivity and high conformality. However, few studies are available about the corrosion protection offered by biocompatible coatings to microelectronic devices in representative biological environments.Ten materials were selected in this thesis after a bibliographic study: Al2O3, BN, DLC, HfO2, SiC, SiN, SiO2, SiOC, TiO2 and ZnO. Ultra-thin films of these materials (5-100 nm) were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) on substrates commonly found in electronic micro devices: crystalline silicon, copper, tungsten nitride and polyimide. In vitro cytotoxicity tests and degradation tests were performed for several weeks at different temperatures in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) and NaCl supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (NaCl/FBS). Changes in thickness and chemical composition were monitored by VASE, XPS and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). It was found that SiO2 and SiN films (generally used for protection in the microelectronics industry) are not stable in PBS and NaCl/FBS at 37°C, even though they act as good hermetic barriers. Al2O3 showed very good stability in saline solution and excellent behavior as gas barrier, but it was rapidly dissolved in NaCl/FBS.In contrast, films of DLC, SiOC and TiO2 showed very low chemical reactivity in both mediums. Finally, it was shown that multilayers of TiO2 on Al2O3 offer the best performance as hermetic and diffusion barriers for corrosion protection of silicon micro systems in saline environments
Venot, Timothée. "Matériaux optiques actifs en couches minces : élaboration et caractérisation de systèmes tout-solides électrochromes à émissivité infrarouge variable." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4006.
Повний текст джерелаElectrochromic materials are devices for modulating the reflection or transmission of light. They cover a wide variety of applications in the visible range (smart windows) and the infrared range (thermal protection for satellites and optical infrared discretion). The works presented in this manuscript were essentially responding to the problem of developping an all solid electrochromic device with a variable infrared emissivity by a single process of magnetron sputtering. A new stacking architecture with a working bi functional monolayer electrode was chosen to bring the properties conventionally made by two or more layers on top of electrochromic device. This new architecture has required the establishment of an original deposit process of hydrated reactive sputtering. This process yielded a monolayer electrode based on tungsten trioxide combining the desired optical and electronic properties. It allowed to deposit other layers of the stack, the counter electrode based on tungsten trioxide and the proton conductive solid electrolyte based on tantalum or zirconium oxide. The study of the addition of an encapsulation layer based on cerium dioxide was also conducted. This architecture has resulted in a functional all-solid electrochromic stack. The complete device thus prepared exhibits good optical properties in the infrared emissivity in terms of modulation and in particular in the spectral bands of interest, namely 13 % in MW and 31 % in LW
Ho, Chih-hsiang, and 何智翔. "Using Epoxy UV Cationic Polymerization for Organic Devices Encapsulation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b9bz79.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
理學院應用科技學程
102
In this study, UV-curable epoxy resins were used to encapsulate the organic devices. The epoxy resin shows a high glass transition tem-perature (Tg ≧110℃), good adhesion to the glass substrate (≧2.0 kgf/mm2) after UV curing. The encapsulant reveals a very low volume shrinkage (≦4%), high water vapor transmission resistance ability (WVTR ≦10 g/m2-day). In this study, the epoxy resins were used to encapsulate the organic device such as organic light-emitting diode(OLED) and organic photovoltaics(OPV) devices. The results demonstrate that the lifetime of the encapsulated devices is enhanced. For the OPV devices, their PCE values are around 60% of original values af-ter keeping the encapsulated device in atmosphere for 1,000 hrs.
Nehm, Frederik. "Encapsulation and stability of organic devices upon water ingress." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30268.
Повний текст джерелаOrganische Elektronik-Bauteile wie organische Solarzellen und organische Leuchtdioden degradieren in kürzester Zeit, wenn sie ungeschützt feuchter Luft ausgesetzt sind. Ihre starke Anfälligkeit gegenüber Wasserdampf macht ihre Verkapselung notwendig. Der maximale Wassereintritt, der für sinnvolle Lebensdauern noch zulässig erscheint, liegt jedoch noch mehrere Größenordnungen unter dem, was mit existierenden Technologien erreicht werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein elektrischer Kalzium-Korrosionstest benutzt, um Barrieresysteme auf ihre Anwendbarkeit als Verkapselung organischer Bauelemente hin zu untersuchen und zu optimieren. Abgesehen von signifikanten Verbesserungen am Messsystem werden Wasserdampfbarrieren aus Atomlagenabscheidungs-, Kathodenzerstäubungs- und Verdampfungsprozessen vermessen. Dabei werden außerordentlich niedrige Wasserdampfdurchtrittsraten von nur 2*10^(-5) g(H2O)/(m²*d) in einem Alterungsklima von 38 °C und 90% relativer Feuchte verzeichnet. Vollkommen neue Verkapselungstechniken werden realisiert, wie etwa die Integration von Zwischenschichten durch Molekularlagenabscheidung oder die Lamination zweier Barrieren, die unabhängig voneinander prozessiert werden. Dieser Prozess verwandelt einfache Al Schichten in qualitativ hochwertige Wasserdampfbarrieren. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Einzelschicht-Barrieren einer breiten Klimavariation ausgesetzt. Dies ermöglicht die genaue Analyse der Permeationsmechanismen des Wassers. Es wird gezeigt, dass Sorption hier dem Henry'sche Gesetz folgt. Diffusion entlang der Grenzfläche unterhalb der Barriere dominiert die Permeation zu späten Testzeiten. Die untersuchten Wasserdampfbarrieren werden an organischen Leuchtdioden und Solarzellen erprobt und zeigen große Verbesserungen bezüglich ihrer Lebensdauern. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich eine stark verbesserte Resistenz gegenüber Wassereintritt, wenn eine zusätzliche Adhäsionsschicht unter der Kathodengrenzfläche integriert wird. Letztendlich zeigt sich das große Potential und die Anwendbarkeit der Ergebnisse in der hohen Effizienz und langen Lebensdauer vollflexibler, verkapselter organischer Solarzellen.
Lin, Yang-Shih, and 林揚士. "Silicon Oxide/Organic Silicon Thin Films for Encapsulation of Optoelectronic Devices." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08877397521590700551.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系所
104
Recently, the consumer electronics have gained a huge demand and the flexible electronic products become indispensable in the modern life. One of the important challenges for the flexible electronics is to improve thermal stability, dimensional stability and moisture resistivity. Among various thin-film techniques, high-density-plasma deposition has several advantages such as large area deposition, low temperature, low ion bombardment, good step coverage and uniformity. In this dissertation, the inductively-coupled-plasma technology was utilized to deposit inorganic silicon oxide (SiOx) and organic silicon (Org.-Si) films for the encapsulation of optoelectronic devices. The gas mixture of tetramethylsilane (TMS) and oxygen was used for the SiOx deposition, and the TMS and Ar for the Org.-Si deposition. These films were deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The effects of deposition parameters such as substrate temperature, power density and gas mixture ratio on film properties were investigated. Under the optimal condition where the substrate temperature of 90°C, power density of 2120 W/m2 and O2/TMS gas ratio of 30, the SiOx films with high Si-O-Si bond intensity and dense structure can be obtained. At a temperature of 90°C, power density of 1580 W/m2 and TMS/(TMS+Ar) ratio of 20%, the Org.-Si can be deposited with an optimal deposition rate and film density. The Org.-Si insertion layer was used as a buffer layer to reduce internal stress and improve the adhesion between the PET substrate and SiOx barrier. It was found that six-pair SiOx/Org.-Si stacked layer can yield a hardness of 7H, water-vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of smaller than 5.66×10-6 g/m2day, and a water contact angle of 116°. For the encapsulation application, the lifetime of the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) increases from 7 h for devices without encapsulation to more than 200 h for devices with SiOx/Org.-Si stacked layer encapsulation. The lower WVTR value of the SiOx/Org.-Si stacked layer can reduce the dark spots in OLEDs. For the encapsulation application in flexible thin-film solar cells, the conversion efficiency can increase from 7.19% for modules encapsulated with conventional ethylene vinyl acetate to 7.36% for modules encapsulated with the SiOx/Org.-Si stacked layer. From outdoor environmental tests results, the SiOx/Org.-Si encapsulated devices can retain 88% performance, and will not be discolored as observed on EVA-encapsulated devices. As a result, the SiOx/Org.-Si stack multifunction layer with hydrophobilicty, hardness, stability and water-vapor resistance have great potential for flexible electronic device application.
Chen, Mu-Shian, and 陳牧賢. "The Study of Encapsulation for Longevity of Organic Electroluminescent Devices with Passivation Layer." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60228739830794034960.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
機械工程系所
98
In this work, we deposited the passivation layer on devices by vacuum evaporation to investigate the effect of OLED with passivation layer and encapsulation. The device structure was ITO/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al. A m-MTDATA/SiO2 passivation layer was deposited to separate hydrosphere and prevent the degradation. The electrical and emissive properties of device with and without passivation layer are compared and the degradation was observed. In this case, a passivation layer process did not influence the electrical and emissive characteristic of device and enhanced the lifetime in the air. The current density of device was set at 10 mA/cm2 and the initial luminance was 300 cd/m2. Under R.H 50 % and R.H 70 % in the air, the half-life of device with passivation layer improves by 6 times and 5 times, respectively. Besides, the half-life of device with passivation layer and encapsulation improves by 24 times and 27 times, respectively. According to the experiment results, we conclude that adding a passivation layer in the encapsulation device effectively separates hydrosphere and enhances the device lifetime.
Lee, Shih-Nan, and 李世男. "Study of anode modification and thin-film encapsulation of flexible organic light-emitting devices." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85019465352717005543.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
應用化學研究所
98
Electroluminescence (EL) performance of flexible organic light-emitting device (FOLED) was found to be highly related to the surface morphology of the indium tin oxide (ITO)/plastic substrate as well as the patterning and processing conditions of the substrate. This thesis presents evidences showing that luminance efficiency of FOLED can be greatly improved by ITO pretreatment. Surface analysis of the ITO/PET by means of atomic force microscope (AFM) and optical microscope was compared with that of the ITO/glass and the influence of flexible OLEDs substrate treatment by various methods on EL performance were discussed. It was found that LiF as modified layer of ITO on plastic substrates led to the decrease of the operating voltage of FOLED devices. In fabrication of anode, ITO thin films were deposited onto polyethersulfone (PES) substrate at room temperature by negative ion-beam sputtering deposition technology of Plasmion Corporation. The optical and electrical properties of ITO/PES thin films were improved by introducing the Cs vapor during sputtering. Under the optimal condition, the resistivity of ITO/PES can reach 4.3 × 10-4 Ω-cm, which is lower than 1.58 × 10-3 Ω-cm of the conventional RF sputtered films. The optical transmittance is 85% throughout visible region. Surface morphology of the optimal ITO/PES films is 0.95 nm of the surface roughness under this condition. In addition, we use negative ion- beam sputtering deposition technology to deposit gas barrier layer on the plastic substrate. Under the optimal condition, we got the Rms of 1.54 nm and 0.63 nm for SixNy and AlxOy, respectively. In thin film encapsulation, we have developed a novel thin film encapsulation method for top-emitting and transparent OLED by introducing organic (not polymer)/inorganic multiple thin films to protect the devices, which is shown to suppress the permeation rate of moisture and oxygen. From the stability test of devices, the projected lifetime of transparent OLED with such a thin film encapsulation technique was similar to that with glass lid encapsulation.
Chang, Chih-Yu, and 張志宇. "Applications of Atomic Layer Deposition Films on Organic Electronic Devices: Photo-Patterning, Encapsulation, and Buffer Layer." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34522318273781702565.
Повний текст джерела臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學研究所
98
This study utilized atomic layer deposition (ALD) to develop solutions to critical problems of organic electronics, including patterning-enabling and electron-injection- enhancing dual-functioning films for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), gas-permeation barriers for the thin-film encapsulation of organic solar cells (OSCs), and permeation-blocking and electron-collecting dual-functioning films for flexible air-stable OSCs. On OLEDs, we demonstrated that with a 10-Å ALD Al2O3 film overcoated on a poly[1-methoxy-4-(2’-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2,5-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) electro- luminescent layer, the OLEDs not only withstood an aggressive photolithographic patterning process without any degradation but unprecedentedly showed increased luminous efficiency. Although the ALD precursor, trimethylaluminum (TMA), was found to damage MEH-PPV through addition to MEH-PPV’s vinylene groups, its damaging effect was eliminated by pre-treating the MEH-PPV surface with isopropyl alcohol (IPA), whose hydroxyl groups scavenged TMA throughout the ALD process. On the encapsulation of OSCs, we developed ALD processes that both prevented degradations caused by ambient gases and served as an annealing step that increased the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cells. With the ALD temperature set at 140 ºC and the deposition time set at 1 hr, OSCs based on blended poly-3- hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid-methylester (PCBM), were optimally annealed during encapsulation, achieving a PCE of 3.66%. Encapsulating the cells with a 26-nm Al2O3/HfO2 nanolaminated film overcoated with an epoxy-resin protection layer enabled the cell to obtain an in-air degradation rate that was similar to cell stored in O2/H2O-free atmosphere. The Al2O3/HfO2 nanolaminated structure resolved the problem of hydrolysis-induced aging that occurred in single Al2O3 films, owing to the hydrophobicity of the HfO2 layers. Additionally, extended exposure of the ALD precursors during the ALD process ensured complete coverage of ALD films over the P3HT:PCBM layer at the perimeter of the cells. On flexible air-stable OSCs, we developed low-temperature (90 ºC) ALD ZnO films as both gas barriers and electron-collection layers for P3HT:PCBM-based inverted OSCs. By utilizing a long purge time (25-s) and a low deposition temperature (90 ºC) in the ALD process, we obtained high electron mobility (9.6 cm2/V s) and low carrier concentration (2.1×1017 cm-3) in the ZnO films, thereby optimizing their electron- collecting function and achieving 4.06% PCE in the resultant inverted OSCs. Moreover, when deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates, the ALD ZnO films at 70 nm of thickness showed excellent barrier properties: water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) < 10-3 g/m2 day and helium transmission rate (HeTR) of 5.03 cc/m2 day. This moisture-blocking capability was crucial for achieving air-stable inverted OSCs, as we determined that air-induced degradations of inverted OSCs mainly originated from moisture uptake by the poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer. Using an 70 nm ALD ZnO film for the electron-collection/barrier dual functions as well as a 26-nm Al2O3/HfO2 nanolaminate as the encapsulation layer, we demonstrated flexible OSCs on PET substrates with initial PCE of 2.77% and with negligible air-induced degradation: the OSCs showed near identical degradation rate as the control devices stored in an O2/H2O-free environment, and they retained 73% of their initial PCE over 1800 hr of storage under a 65 ºC/60% RH accelerated aging condition. The results of my study will facilitate the practical applications of OLEDs and OSCs, as well as other types of organic electronics that require precise patterning, interface engineering and hermetic sealing.
Ahmad, Jakaria. "Synthesis and characterization of plasma polymer thin films from γ-terpinene for encapsulation of electronic devices". Thesis, 2015. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39960/1/39960-ahmad-2015-thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерела蔡廷君. "Property Improvement of Highly Transparent Resins for the Encapsulation of Optical Devices Utilizing the Concept of Nanocomposites." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72208390996653721756.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系所
103
Delamination from the surface of gold (Au)-clad copper (Cu) leadframe occurred when the highly transparent, two-component epoxy molding compound (EMC) was applied to the encapsulation of optical devices. The mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) in between EMC and Cu as well as the relatively poor adhesion of EMC on Au are likely the causes of such a manufacture defect. This study aims to overcome this difficulty by modulating the physical properties of EMC via the concept of nanocomposites. In the prerequisite of preserving the transparency of the EMC, an appropriate amount of nano-scale SiO2 powders serving as the inorganic filler was added in the EMC to reduce its CTE. As to the study of adhesion enhancement, a suitable thiol compound was coated on the leadframe so as to form a strong covalent bond in between Au and the polymeric matrix during the curing treatment of EMC. First, the type of chemical dispersion agents and the size of nano-scale SiO2 powders suitable for the preparation of EMC-SiO2 nanocomposite resin were determined. Via the analyses of transmittance and CTE, GPTMS ((3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane) and the SiO2 powder with average size of 10 nm were selected as the dispersant agent and inorganic filler for subsequent study. Appropriate amounts of GPTMS and SiO2 were added in EMC precursor under the optimized processing condition and relevant physical properties were characterized. Analytical results indicated the formation of nanocomposite may suppress the CTE of the EMC and mildly increase the adhesion strength on Au-clad leadframe. In the portion of study regarding of the adhesion enhancement, the addition of MPTMS ((3-mercaptoproply)trimethoxysilane) in the EMC was found to efficiently improve the adhesion property. In conjunction with the adhesion enhancement by forming the nanocomposite, more than two-fold increment in adhesion strength of the EMC on Au-clad leadframe was achieved.
Klumbies, Hannes. "Encapsulations for Organic Devices and their Evaluation using Calcium Corrosion Tests." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27499.
Повний текст джерелаDiese Arbeit untersucht die Verkapselung organischer Leuchtdioden (OLEDs) und organischer Solarzellen (OSCs), um ihre Lebensdauer zu verlängern. Trotz unbestrittener Vorteile wie geringer Materialaufwand und mechanische Flexibilität stellt die kurze Lebensdauer dieser Bauteile an Luft einen deutlichen Nachteil dar. Um sie zu schützen, müssen sie mit Permeationsbarrieren verkapselt werden. Eine geeignete Barriere zeichnet sich durch eine Wasserpermeationsrate (WVTR) unterhalb von 10^(-4) g(H2O) m^(-2) d^(-1) aus – weniger als eine Monolage Wasser pro Tag. Folglich wird zur Entwicklung einer solchen Barriere primär eine äußerst empflindliche Methode zu ihrer Vermessung benötigt. Um für den elektrischen Calcium-Test ein hinreichendes Maß an Messgenauigkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Probendurchsatz zu erzielen, werden in dieser Arbeit Grundlagenuntersuchungen sowie die Entwicklung des Messaufbaus umfassend behandelt. Der elektrische Calcium-Test bestimmt die Menge eindringenden Wassers anhand der Leitfähigkeitsabnahme einer dünnen Schicht Calcium – eines unedlen Metalls. Um eine hohe Genauigkeit zu erlangen, werden das Reaktionsprodukt (Calciumhydroxid) und der spezifische Widerstand ((6,2 +- 0,1) 10^(-6) Ohm cm) aufgedampfter Calcium-Filme bestimmt. Entgegen einer für die Auswertung von Calcium-Tests üblichen Annahme wird für Calcium ein lateral inhomogenes Korrosionsverhalten festgestellt. Allerdings kann theoretisch und experimentell nachgewiesen werden, dass hierdurch die WVTR-Messung nicht verfälscht wird. Neben diesen Grundlagenuntersuchungen werden Design-Probleme des Calcium-Tests und deren Lösung vorgestellt, z. B. die Schädigung der anorganischen Barriere durch direkten Kontakt mit dem Calcium-Sensor. Im Ergebnis ist damit ein ebenso leistungsstarker wie zuverlässiger Messaufbau entwickelt worden. Im nächsten Schritt wird die Untersuchung einer Vielzahl von Barrieren mithilfe von Calcium-Tests, aber auch Bauteil-Verkapselung und galvanischer Abscheidung in Defekten, vorgestellt: Die Permeation durch aufgedampfte Aluminium-Dünnfilme geschieht demnach im Wesentlichen durch Makro-Defekte (Radien > 0,4 μm), die einer optischen Charakterisierung zugänglich sind. Barrieren, die durch Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) hergestellt werden, verbessern sich mit steigender Schichtdicke, wobei solche Schichten auf Folien ausgezeichnete – aber bisher unzuverlässige – Permeationsbarrieren darstellen. Sowohl für einfache Polymerfolien als auch für gesputterte Zink-Zinn-Oxid-Barrieren (ZTO) werden zum einen gute Übereinstimmungen der gemessenen WVTR mit Vergleichswerten erzielt, zum anderen wächst in beiden Fällen die WVTR grob linear mit der anliegenden Luftfeuchte. Die POLO-Barriere mit einer WVTR im unteren 10^(-4) g(H2O) m^(-2) d^(-1)-Bereich erreicht die Messgrenze des aktuellen Messaufbaus. Kurzgesagt, es werden tiefgehende Untersuchungen zur Permeation durch verschiedene Barrieren durchgeführt, die grundlegende Zusammenhänge zwischen WVTR und Prozess-/Klimabedingungen beleuchten. Schließlich wird Wasser, das die aktive Fläche reduziert, als die vorrangige Degradationsursache identifiziert. Für je eine Sorte OLEDs und OSCs wird mittels eines vergleichenden (gegenüber Calcium-Tests) Alterungsexperiments dieWassermenge bestimmt, die die aktive Fläche um 50% verringert (T50-Wasser-Aufnahme). Für die OSC wird zudem gezeigt, dass die T50-Wasser-Aufnahme von (20 +- 7) mg(H2O) m^(-2) unabhängig von den Klimabedingungen ist. Folglich kann die zuvor unspezifische Forderung nach einer angestrebten Lebensdauer nun in eine konkrete Anforderung an die Barriere übersetzt werden: eine Wasserpermeationsrate. Mit Blick auf das Feld der Verkapselung verbessert diese Arbeit eine wichtige Messmethode, charakterisiert eine Vielzahl an Permeationsbarrieren und untersucht die Bauteilalterung durch Lufteinwirkung. Auch wenn das das Forschungsfeld der Verkapselungen nach wie vor eine Reihe offener Fragen aufweist, so bestärkt diese Arbeit doch in der Hoffnung, dass die organischen Bauteile selbige überdauern werden.:1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals 2.1 Organic Semiconductors 2.2 Organic Solar Cells 2.3 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 2.4 Humidity, Evaporation, and Condensation 2.5 Principles of Permeation 3 State of the Art in Barrier Production and Evaluation 3.1 Barrier Technologies 3.2 Permeation Measurement Techniques 4 Experimental 4.1 Description of the As-Delivered Substrates 4.2 Treatment of Substrates 4.3 Deposition of Calcium Tests and Devices by Thermal Evaporation 4.4 Permeation Barriers by Atomic Layer Deposition 4.5 Defect Evaluation by Electrodeposition 5 Calcium for Permeation Tests Properties and Corrosion Behavior 5.1 Electrical Conductance and Optical Transmission 5.2 Corrosion Product 5.3 Laterally Inhomogeneous Calcium Corrosion 5.4 Implications for Optical and Electrical Calcium Corrosion Tests 6 Electrical Calcium Test 6.1 Measurement Setup 6.2 Calcium Test Layout 6.3 Comparability with Other Methods – OE-A Round Robin 6.4 Limitations and Future Prospects of the Electrical Calcium Test 6.5 Setup and Layout – Conclusions 7 Barrier Investigation 7.1 Thermally Evaporated Aluminum as Thin Film Encapsulation 7.2 ZnSnO (Magnetron Sputtered) on Polymer Foil 7.3 Al2O3 (ALD) on Polymer Substrate and as Thin Film Encapsulation 7.4 Summary and Conclusions for the Investigated Barriers 8 Encapsulation and Lifetime of Devices 8.1 Phenomenology of Device Degradation in Ambient Atmosphere 8.2 OLED Degradation Investigated by Calcium Tests 8.3 OSC Degradation Investigated by Calcium Tests 8.4 Discussion 8.5 Conclusions 9 Conclusions and Future Prospects Bibliography Acknowledgements Statement of Authorship
Saravanan, S. "Moisture Barrier Polymer Nanocomposites for Organic Device Encapsulation." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3809.
Повний текст джерелаGupta, Satyajit. "Development of Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Composites as a Barrier Material for Organic Electronics." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3408.
Повний текст джерелаSalgado, Shehan. "Graphene Encapsulation for Cells: A Bio-Sensing and Device Platform." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8391.
Повний текст джерелаFu, Eric, and 傅發賜. "3D Simulation for Filler Concentration Distribution in Semiconductor Device Encapsulation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92712362283564717877.
Повний текст джерела國立清華大學
化學工程學系
103
We are using a wide range of electronic products in our daily life, and we can hardly live without them. Due to our requirements for modern electronic product - lighter, slimmer , shorter, and smaller, the smaller dimensional specification is expected to fit under the evolution of continuous process. On the other hand, under the highly competitive environment and the pressure of time-to-market, how to provide qualified modern electronic products is a new challenge for the associated package process. Specifically, one of the important defects is non-uniform property result from un-even filler particle distribution, temperature profile, and local gelation change during the package process.To catch the phenomena, CAE simulation is commonly applied. However, most CAE simulations assume the material property is homogeneous, and this assumption will be far from the situation in reality such as regarding to shear-induced migration and particle settling. In this study, a three-dimensional simulation model of non-colloidal filler suspension is proposed to predict the filler concentration in microchips. Firstly, the proposed model is validated using two-dimensional channel and axisymmetrical circular pipe geometry model. Results showed that the trend of filler distribution is in a good agreement. Furthermore, there are various factors caused the inhomogeneity of fillers during the encapsulation of transfer molding processes. Therefore, it's important to figure out what the driving forces or causes are. Study shows there are two main reasons in the processes induce distinct filler concentration distributions after molding - settling and shear migration. We focus on the transfer molding processes in this study, and we discuss different conditions such as transfer time, mold temperrature, resin temperature, which affect the filler distribution. The results show that the transfer time may be the major factor than the others, and they will provide a comprehensive understanding uneven filler concentration after encapsulation. By using the integrated analysis, filler concentration under deferent working condition during encapsulation can be easily predicted, so as to efficiently reduce manufacturing cost and design cycle time.
Tsai, Fang-Jing, and 蔡芳菁. "Encapsulating the contact pads of electronic devices with spacer process." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jqdy8b.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
材料科學與工程研究所
101
Recently, the optoelectronic industry develops rapidly to increase the requirement of thinner and lighter properties for flat panel display products. Undoubtedly, the fabrication of organic light emitting diode (OLED) on flexible plastic substrate was the major technique in the next flat display generation. The encapsulation of organic semiconductor devices with the concept of multilayer films onto the devices and conductors is the major trend of producing thin and light weight devices for the industrial and research. However, ,the low process temperature of the multilayer films onto the devices exhibits with poor film quality and will cause leakage path by moisture and oxygen which will induce the failure of products after the opening process of contact pads. In this study, to minimize the possible leakage path by moisture and oxygen in the devices, a new technique fortifying the lifetime and reliability of flexible device will be introduced on protecting the sidewall of contact pads after the opening process. The study started with the photolithography process producing 100 x100 μm2 pattern devices to simulate the opening position of contact pads. We encapsulated the device by gas barriers that were produced with magnetron-sputtering system. The gas barriers of thin film layer structure are made with SiO2, Al, SiO2/Al, SiO2/Al (two pairs) respectively and etched in blanket way to form the SiO2 spacer films onto the sidewall of contact pads. By measuring the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR, at 32°C and RH 100%), it was found that the gas barriers of the two sidewall of Al/SiO2 (two pairs) performed well to prevent degradation; It was reduced from the original 2.50x10-5 g/m2-day to 1.21x10-5 g/m2-day after processing. This study has successfully developed a simple sidewall structural design barrier technology.
YANG, REN-FANG, and 楊荏鈁. "Encapsulation of Hydrophobic Bioactives with Jelly Fig Polysaccharides Using a Milli-Fluidic Device." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8ztgub.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
107
This study research that the pectin polysaccharide extracted from Ficus awkeotsang Makino seeds 0.1 M EDTA was added during the extraction of Ficus awkeotsang Makino and the capsule encapsulating hydrophobic substance was produced by a milli-fluidic device. First, the characteristics of the fabricated Ficus awkeotsang Makino the film was transformed by Fourier transform Infrared light, moisture content, water permeability and then analysis. Ficus awkeotsang Makino the seed is a rich source of polysaccharides gel, its main component is low-methyl pectin, low-methyl pectin and metal ions will form a network cross-linking, so come evaluation of the suitability as a capsule. Studies have shown that the film produced by Ficus awkeotsang Makino extracted with EDTA has a stronger structure than the film without EDTA extraction and the loss rate of the film of the calcium ion and the EDTA extraction film in the in vitro erosion test. 52% and 47%, respectively, demonstrating that the film extracted using EDTA has less solubility in the gastrointestinal tract than the unused EDTA. And adding glycerin as a plasticizer, the gel structure is increased in elasticity, and the capsule is not easily broken when dried. Under the optical micrograph. By controlling the flow, the core diameter of 1.4 mm -1.9 mm and the gel has an outer diameter of 2.1 mm -2.8 mm core-shell capsules, it can be seen that there is a successful encapsulate of soybean oil with red dye in the capsule, and there is a clear boundary, which proves that the milli-fluidic device can successfully encapsulate the capsule with the hydrophobic substance and can also be stable control the production of capsules of different diameter Keywords: Ficus awkeotsang Makino polysaccharide, hydrophobic bioactives, milli-fluidic device.
Chen, Chen-Ming, and 陳建明. "A Study on the Properties and Modification of Encapsulating Materials for Photoelectric Devices." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66020503332846234319.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
材料科學與工程系所
97
This thesis studied the preparation of various ultraviolet (UV)-curable polymeric composite resins (i.e. PU-acrylate/silica (weight ratio = 90 wt.%/10 wt.%), silicone-acrylate/Alumina (weight ratio = 90 wt.%/10 wt.%) as well as epoxy-acrylate/silica/Invar (weight ratio = 35 wt.%/50 wt.%/15 wt.%) and their applications for the packaging of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In the part of study relating to OLEDs, the lifetimes of devices were successfully enhanced by modulating the LiF thickness and utilizing the UV-curable silicone-acrylate adhesives for encapsulation. It was found that the LiF and lab-made encapsulating adhesives can effectively block the invasion of moisture as well as oxygen in the atmosphere into the OLEDs so that an 18-folds increment of lifetimes was achieved after encapsulation. A low turn-on voltage (3 V), high luminance (4850 cd/m2 at 9 V), color/luminance tunable OLED with device structure as ITO glass/naphthyl phenyl benzidine (NPB; 80 nm)/4,4’-bis(diphenylvinylenyl)- biphenyl (ADS082BE; 35 nm)/1,3-bis[2-(2,2’-bipyridine-6-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl] benzene (Bpy-OXD; 20 nm)/tris-[8-hydroxy- quinoline]aluminum (Alq3; 50 nm)/lithium fluoride (LiF; 3 nm )/aluminum (Al; 80 nm) was successfully fabricated in this study. Its electroluminescent properties (e.g., hue, luminescent intensity, etc.) could be modulated by the manipulation for the layer thickness of NPB/ADS082BE/Bpy-OXD and the applied bias. In addition, the UV-curable silicone-acrylate encapsulating resin exhibited excellent gas barrier capability so that the half-lifetimes of OLEDs and LEDs reached 98 and 18300 hrs while those without encapsulation were only 9 and 2400 hrs. The UV-curable epoxy-acrylate nanocomposite resins with good thermal stability, moderate adhesion strength and excellent gas barrier capability were also prepared in this work. In order to improve the gas blocking properties, the Invar alloy was also blended into the resins so as to increase the gas resistance and decrease resin shrinkage after UV curing. Experimental results revealed that introduction of epoxy-acrylate nanocomposite resins could effectively block the penetration of moisture as well as oxygen in the air into the devices and consequently promoted the lifetimes of OSCs. Fabrication of polymeric reflector cups for LEDs by using polyphenylene sulfide/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PPS/PET) and PPS/nylon 6,6/glass fiber alloys via injection molding process was also presented in this work. In order to enhance their mechanical properties, the compatibilizer, PE-g-GMA, was first developed by grafting the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) into the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with initiators by reactive extrusion procedure in a twin screw extruder. PPS/PET and PPS/nylon 6,6/glass fiber alloys with various amounts of PE-g-GMA (PPS/PET/PE-g-GMA (wt./wt./wt.)=100/50/12.5; PPS/Nylon 6,6/Glass Fiber Alloy/ PE-g-GMA(wt./wt./wt./wt.) =100/50/45/12.5) were then prepared and their physical properties as well as feasibilities for the high-brightness LEDs were also analyzed.
Sankatumvong, Porntipa, and 李明蓉. "Cell-in-Droplet Encapsulation by Using Dean Flow in Spiral Microchannel Device for Microalgae Separation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60910666284469090793.
Повний текст джерела國立清華大學
奈米工程與微系統研究所
104
In this study, a cell-in-droplet encapsulation using dean flow in spiral microchannel device is applied for microalgae separation. Researchers are interested in separating microparticles by using microfluidic chips in recent years due to great advantages for variety kinds of related applications such as biotechnology, medical examinations, or cell studies. However, the main disadvantage of these microfluidic chips is that it usually would experience particles clogging which reduces the separation yield and hard for particles investigation. The microfluidic chip being introduced in this study is a combination of 2 distinct designs: (1) spiral microchannel design used for separating different sizes of microalgae and (2) microdroplet generation design used for cell encapsulation. The reason is to enhance the separation yield by using different dominant forces concept (Dean drag force and lift force) in spiral microchannel design together with microdroplet generation design narrow down the volume for easier cell observation. The microfluidic chip was fabricated by using soft lithography techniques. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is well known as biocompatible material, low cost of production, disposable, more over it is transparency makes it possible to observe particles inside the microchannel clearly. Due to all of these benefits, this device might be an alternative for cell applications using droplet-based platforms.
Huang, Yi-Wen, and 黃奕文. "Using anodic oxidation to fabricate dual-metal gate oxide layer-HfTiOx of MIS capacitor with different gate metals and MOSFET with device encapsulation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95942910500439990710.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
電子與資訊工程研究所
95
In this research, effects of dual-metal gate oxide layer-HfTiOx on MIS capacitor with different gate metals are studied first. We use RF sputtering to deposit Hf and Ti metal layers on n-type (100) Si substrate, and then use anodic oxidation to transfer them into an oxide layer of HfTiOx at room temperature. Finally, we deposit different gate metals with Al, Hf and Ti to fabricate MIS capacitors. C-V and I-V measurements were performed respectively by using Keithley 236 and Keithley 590 I-V & C-V analyzer. From experimental results, the sample of HfTiOx with Ti electrode shows a higher dielectric constant k(~ 75)and better electrical characteristics. It indicates that the method of film deposition in this research shows lower prime cost and increases dielectric constant(k > 25)effectively. Different gate electrodes have shown similar results. It also indicates that the gate metal of Ti has the ability of oxygen decomposition, identical physical thicknesses with a higher capacitance storage density and a lower EOT (Equivalent Oxide Thickness). Furthermore, we apply results of the high-k oxide layer to MOSFETs with device encapsulation. At first, we use RF sputtering to deposit the metal layer of Hf or dual-metal gate oxide layer of Hf and Ti on MOSFET with doped n+ region, and then use anodic oxidation to transfer them into an oxide layer of HfO2 or HfTiOx at room temperature. Finally, we use device encapsulation to fabricate MOSFETs. Variations of ID-VDS and ID-VGS for I-V measurements were measured by using Keithley 236 I-V analyzer. Results show that the threshold voltage of oxide layers of HfO2, HfTiOx, HfTiOx ( 72 hours later ) are 1.75 V, 0.5 V and 0.3 V, respectively. The effective mobility ( μeff ) of HfO2, HfTiOx, HfTiOx ( 72 hours later ) are 120 cm2/V-s, 223 cm2/V-s and 227 cm2/V-s, respectively. It indicates that MOSFETs with device encapsulation shows lower prime cost, lower fabrication risks and reproducible characteristic. It not only raises mobility effectively but also reduces substrate bias effects and channel length modulation. It also enhances device stability, ambient-enduring performance, convenience and re-use times for measuring.