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Bieszczad, Daniel, Jaroslaw Wichlinski, and Tomasz Kaczmarzyk. "Factors Affecting the Success of Endodontic Microsurgery: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 10, 2022): 3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11143991.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this retrospective study was to verify preoperative local parameters of periapical lesions evaluated on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans as a potential prognostic factor in endodontic microsurgery (EMS). Among 89 cases, local factors (dimensions of lesion, bone destruction pattern, presence/absence of cortical bone destruction, height of buccal bone plate, apical extend of root canal filling, presence/absence of communication with anatomical cavities, type of lesion restriction) were measured on preoperative CBCT images before EMS. At least one year after surgery, the outcome of EMS was classified as a success or a failure. Ten cases (11.24%) were classified as a failure and 79 as a success (88.76%). Symptomatic lesions (OR = 0.088 (95% CI 0.011–0.731); p = 0.024), apicomarginal lesions (OR = 0.092 (0.021–0.402); p = 0.001) and an association with molar teeth (OR = 0.153 (0.032–0.732); p = 0.019) were found as negative predictive factors in the univariate analysis, whereas large apicocoronal dimension (OR = 0.664 (0.477–0.926); p = 0.016), apicomarginal lesions (OR = 0.058 (0.006–0.55); p = 0.013), and an association with molar teeth (OR = 0.047 (0.003–0.869); p = 0.04) were identified as negative predictive factors in the multivariate analysis model. Symptomatic lesions, apicomarginal lesions, lesions associated with molar teeth and large apicocoronal dimensions are significantly associated with the failure of EMS.
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Song, Dani, and Sung-Eun Yang. "Comparison of Dentinal Tubule Penetration between a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer with Ultrasonic Activation and an Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer: A Study Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy." European Journal of Dentistry 16, no. 01 (October 21, 2021): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735429.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare the degree of dentinal penetration between an epoxy resin-based sealer applied by using two different filling methods and an ultrasonically activated calcium silicate-based sealer via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Materials and Methods Forty-five extracted permanent maxillary premolars with type II canals (Vertucci’s classification) were subjected to the experiment. The root canals were instrumented and distributed randomly into the following three groups: AH Plus + continuous wave technique (AHC group); AH Plus + single cone technique (AHS group); and Endoseal MTA + single cone technique with ultrasonic activation (EMS) group. Each sealer was labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow visualization under CLSM. The sealer penetration depth in each sample was observed at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex by using CLSM. The data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis H test according to normality of variable (α = 0.05). Results In all groups, the maximum sealer penetration depth, mean fluorescence intensity, and sum fluorescence intensity values were higher at the 5-mm level than at the 2-mm level. At the 5-mm level, the EMS group showed the lowest value (p = 0.02). At the 2-mm level, there were no statistically significant differences among any of the groups. The AHC group showed higher values than the other groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the apical area where access of instruments was difficult. Conclusion The AHC group showed the highest dentinal tubule penetration, but had questionable filing efficacy in the apical area, which is of particular importance for the success of root canal treatment. Therefore, in areas such as the apical 2 mm of premolars with type II canals, which are difficult to access by using instruments such as heat carriers, other appropriate approaches may be required accordingly.
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VELASQUEZ, XIMENA, ARSENIY R. MOROV, TUBA TERBIYIK KURT, DALIT MERON, and TAMAR GUY-HAIM. "Two-way bioinvasion: tracking the neritic non-native cyclopoid copepods Dioithona oculata and Oithona davisae (Oithonidae) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 22, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.26036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accelerated anthropogenic changes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) have facilitated the introduction, spread and establishment of invasive copepod species in this region. Here, we report the introduction of two non-native cyclopoid copepods Dioithona oculata and Oithona davisae for the first time in the Israeli coastal waters and describe their temporal variability. The species were identified by morphological characteristics, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic inference. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis supported the taxonomical identification, nevertheless, showed cryptic speciation within D. oculata, separating the Western Pacific and EMS clades. In the Israeli coastal waters, D. oculata presented a temporally restricted occurrence, appearing from September 2019 to December 2019 (30.0±0.7 – 21.0±1.1 °C) and October 2020 (28.0±0.7 °C). The highest abundances of D. oculata occurred in the autumn (October 2019 and 2020), when the water temperature reached 28.0 °C (7 and 10 ind. m-3, respectively). The lowest abundance occurred in December 2019 (0.35 ind. m-3), when the water temperature decreased to 21.0 °C, indicating that the thermal affinity of D. oculata for warm-temperate conditions, for reproduction and the maintenance of viable populations, has persisted in the introduced range. In contrast, O. davisae appeared almost all year around (17.0±0.5 – 28.0±0.7 °C). This species demonstrated peaks in abundance both in October 2019 and October 2020, when the water temperature reached 28.0 °C (406 and 92 ind. m-3), as well as when the temperature decreased to 17.0 °C (31 ind. m-3, February 2020), confirming its wide eurythermal tolerance. Based on our findings and previous observations, we suggest that D. oculata may have invaded the EMS through the Suez Canal and is now at the onset of its spread in the Mediterranean Sea, whereas O. davisae has been introduced via shipping, likely from the Northeast Atlantic, widely spreading and successfully establishing viable populations across the entire Mediterranean Sea, until the coastal Levantine Sea.
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Pojskic, Mirza, Benjamin Saβ, Christopher Nimsky, and Barbara Carl. "Application of an Expandable Cage for Reconstruction of the Cervical Spine in a Consecutive Series of Eighty-Six Patients." Medicina 56, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background and objectives: Expandable cages are frequently used to reconstruct the anterior spinal column after a corpectomy. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the perioperative advantages and disadvantages of corpectomy reconstruction with an expandable cage. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six patients (45 male and 41 female patients, medium age of 61.3 years) were treated with an expandable titanium cage for a variety of indications from January 2012 to December 2019 and analyzed retrospectively. The mean follow-up was 30.7 months. Outcome was measured by clinical examination and visual analogue scale (VAS); myelopathy was classified according to the EMS (European Myelopathy Scale) and gait disturbances with the Nurick score. Radiographic analysis comprised measurement of fusion, subsidence and the C2–C7 angle. Results: Indications included spinal canal stenosis with myelopathy (46 or 53.5%), metastasis (24 or 27.9%), spondylodiscitis (12 or 14%), and fracture (4 or 4.6%). In 39 patients (45.3%), additional dorsal stabilization (360° fusion) was performed. In 13 patients, hardware failure occurred, and in 8 patients, adjacent segment disease occurred. Improvement of pain symptoms, myelopathy, and gait following surgery were statistically significant (p < 0.05), with a medium preoperative VAS of 8, a postoperative score of 3.2, and medium EMS scores of 11.3 preoperatively vs. 14.3 postoperatively. Radiographic analysis showed successful fusion in 74 patients (86%). As shown in previous studies, correction of the C2–C7 angle did not correlate with improvement of neurological symptoms. Conclusion: Our results show that expandable titanium cages are a safe and useful tool in anterior cervical corpectomies for providing adequate anterior column support and stability.
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Schöller, Karsten, Sebastian Siller, Christian Brem, Jürgen Lutz, and Stefan Zausinger. "Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Surgical Planning in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 81, no. 01 (June 10, 2019): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691822.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background and Study Aims/Objective Despite its invasiveness, computed tomography myelography (CTM) is still considered an important supplement to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative evaluation of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We analyzed if diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could be a less invasive alternative for this purpose. Material and Methods In 20 patients with CSM and an indication for decompression of at least one level, CTM was performed preoperatively to determine the extent of spinal canal/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space and cord compression (Naganawa score) for a decision on the number of levels to be decompressed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were correlated with these parameters and with MRI-based increased signal intensity (ISI). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity to discriminate levels requiring decompression surgery. European Myelopathy Score (EMS) and neck/radicular visual analog scale (VAS-N/R) were used for clinical evaluation. Results According to preoperative CTM, 20 levels of maximum and 16 levels of relevant additional stenosis were defined and decompressed. Preoperative FA and particularly ADC showed a significant correlation with the CTM Naganawa score but also with the ISI grade. Furthermore, both FA and ADC facilitated a good discrimination between stenotic and nonstenotic levels with cutoff values < 0.49 for FA and > 1.15 × 10−9 m2/s for ADC. FA and especially ADC revealed a considerably higher sensitivity (79% and 82%, respectively) in discriminating levels requiring decompression surgery compared with ISI (55%). EMS and VAS-N/R were significantly improved at 14 months compared with preoperative values. Conclusion DTI parameters are highly sensitive at distinguishing surgical from nonsurgical levels in CSM patients and might therefore represent a less invasive alternative to CTM for surgical planning.
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Kumagai, Hiromichi, Tsutomu Sugaya, and Toshihiko Tominaga. "Cauterization of Narrow Root Canals Untouched by Instruments by High-Frequency Current." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mechanical removal of bacteria is fundamental to the treatment of infected root canals, but complete sterilization of biofilms tends not to extend to uninstrumented areas. However, during electrical conduction to a root canal filled with a conductor, the higher impedance where the root canal is narrower generates Joule heat that may result in a large temperature increase and sterilization. The effect of a high-frequency electric current on the wall of a simulated narrow root canal was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Simulated root canals, 0.1 mm in diameter, were prepared in dentine blocks. The root canal wall was treated with Plank-Rychlo solution for 5 min to create a decalcified layer. The simulated root canal was filled with either saline or NaClO, and 150 or 225 V at 520 kHz was applied for 0 s, 1 s, or 5 s. As the conduction time increased, and when the saline was replaced with NaClO, the proportion with a flat decalcified surface decreased, dentinal tubules and a lava-like morphology were significantly more evident on SEM (p < 0.01), and EDS showed significant decreases in carbon and oxygen and increases in calcium (p < 0.01). It was concluded that filling uninstrumented root canals with NaClO and using electrical conduction for 5 s could incinerate and eliminate the organic material of the root canal wall. The application of high-frequency electric current may lead to the cure of many cases of persistent apical periodontitis.
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Mandlecha, Divya, and Srinidhi S. R. "Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of XP-Endo Finisher, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and Sonic Activation on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Bioceramic Sealer to Root Dentin." Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research 8, no. 05 (May 16, 2023): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjodr.2023.v08i05.005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Complexities of root canal system necessitate the use of irrigation along with their activation to achieve complete cleaning. Common methods include sonic and ultrasonic activation of the irrigants. A newer rotary file system, XP-Endofinisher has the advantage of elliptical movement resulting in efficient cleaning. 24 single canalled maxillary anterior teeth were selected and divided into 3 groups, Group 1- XP (n=12), Group 2- PUI (n=12), Group 3 – Endoactivator (n=12). All samples were prepared with Protaper Universal files and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite & 17% EDTA. In Group 1- XP-Endofinisher at 800rpm for 1 min; Group 2- i-SuperTip in EMS scaler for 1 min; Group 3- Endoactivator for 1 min. Specimens were filled with Cerafill and then sectioned horizontally with a water-cooled diamond saw at depths of 4, 7 and 10mm to produce 1mm slices. POBS was performed, bond strength in MPa was obtained after dividing the load at failure by the area of the bonded interface. POBS of Cerafill to root dentin of Group 1 was significantly more than that of Group 2 and 3 (p≤0.05) at all three levels. Group 2 was better than 3 at all levels but difference was not significant. In Group 1, POBS was significantly more at 4mm compared to 7mm and 10mm (p≤0.05). Use of XP- Endo Finisher after biomechanical preparation improves the POBS of bioceramic based sealer to root dentin at 4, 7 and 10mm. POBS of sealer after PUI was marginally better than Endoactivator at all levels.
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Ahmedbeyli, R. M., V. M. Bayramova, F. Y. Mammadov, and G. M. Arkhmammаdova. "Integrated Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Endo-Periodontal Lesions." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 5 (November 21, 2022): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study was to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of patients with endo-periodontal lesions. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 on the basis of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Azerbaijan Medical University. 41 patients with endo-periodontal lesions who were not burdened with somatic pathology with combined endodontic and periodontal lesions were examined. Radiation diagnostic methods, in particular orthopantomography and intraoral targeted radiographs, were carried out in both groups and in all patients in these groups before the start of therapeutic measures and 6 and 12 months after their completion. The selected groups of patients were practically comparable in gender and age composition (p>0.05). All persons with the same diagnosis, depending on the therapeutic method or treatment algorithm, were divided into two groups: I – with the diagnosis of endo-periodontal lesions – 20 patients of the main group, who, along with standard treatment, were additionally treated with decontamination of root canal and laser curettage with a dental diode laser (Picasso Life); II – with a diagnosis of endo-periodontal lesions – 21 patients of the control group. Root canal treatment: mechanical expansion with endodontic instruments, antiseptic treatment with 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, 17% EDTA solution. To remove dental deposits in the control group, scaling, curettage with Gracie curettes were performed, and an ultrasound device "Piezon Master 600" ™ EMS was used. Cleaning and polishing of the teeth surface was carried out with an abrasive paste. Patients of the main group were additionally treated with a diode laser. Patients of the control group did not undergo such a procedure. Results and discussion. According to the results of the behavioral study, the values of the hygienic index, the gingivitis index and the periapical index before the start of the course of basic therapy for endo-periodontal complications were comparable in both study groups. In terms of follow-up, statistically significant differences were clearly expressed 12 months after treatment. The high frequency of occurrence of combined periodontal and endodontic tissue diseases in male and female individuals, as well as the increase in their prevalence with age, certain difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of endo-periodontal lesions, causes constant and increased interest in this problem. The results of the index evaluation showed pronounced anti-inflammatory and stimulating bone tissue repair properties of laser therapy. Conclusion. The method of treatment of endo-periodontal complications with the use of a diode laser made it possible to significantly reduce the focus of destruction of bone tissue in the periapical region; contributed to improving oral hygiene and the condition of periodontal tissues. The high efficiency of the proposed combined method of endo-periodontal lesions treatment allows us to recommend it for wide application in practical dentistry
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Melo, Andrélia Maciel, Nilton Vivacqua-Gomes, Ricardo Affonso Bernardes, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte, and Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos. "Influence of Different Coronal Preflaring Protocols on Electronic Foramen Locators Precision." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 4 (August 2020): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different coronal preflaring protocols (absent, conservative and conventional) on the accuracy of Root ZX II, Raypex 6, and RomiApex A-15 electronic foramen locators (EFLs). Twenty mandibular molars with Vertucci’s type IV mesial roots were subjected to endodontic exploration and foraminal patency confirmation. Under 16x magnification, its real lengths (RL) were measured and registered (RL1). The canals were then irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and electronically measured (EM1) employing the alginate model; all measurements were performed in triplicate by a blind operator using adjusted endodontic hand-files introduced until the apex foramen. Coronal preflaring procedures were sequentially performed with #25/.06 (conservative) and #25/.12 (conventional) instruments; new RLs extents were performed after each coronal preparation protocol (RL2/RL3), as same as electronic measurements (EM2/EM3). The devices error (mm) was evaluated considering the difference between RLs and EMs at each preparation stage; their precision was stablished adopting ±0.5 mm as tolerance margin. The EFLs error significantly reduced after conventional coronal preflaring protocol (p<0.05), which not occur after the conservative one. The best precisions values were noted after conventional preparation as 90% (Root ZX II), 97.5% (Raypex 6), and 92.5% (RomiApex A-15). No significant differences were found in EFLs comparisons, regardless of the coronal protocol tested (p>0.05). Under the conditions tested it can be concluded that the EFLs evaluated were precise. Moreover, the preflaring protocols influences its accuracy’s, where the less conservative one produced the best results.
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Busanello, Fernanda Hoffmann, Angela Longo Do Nascimento, Lilian Tietz, Mirela Sangoi Barreto, Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa, Milton Carlos Kuga, Jefferson Ricardo Pereira, Gisselle Moraima Chavez Andrade, Manuela Favarin Santini, and Marcus Vinícius Reis Só. "Passive ultrasonic irrigation in calcium hydroxide removal from root canals: a sem/eds analysis." Journal of Research in Dentistry 3, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v3e32015668-677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different lengths of time of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) paste from root canal, using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four human premolars were used. After coronal access, a size #15 K-file was used to obtain apical patency. Root canal preparation was performed using WaveOne 40.08 instruments. CH paste was placed into the root canal. Specimens were stored in a humid environment, and after seven days, they were divided into five groups (n=12) according to the irrigation protocols: Manual– a size #40 K-file; PUI/1– 1 min; PUI/2– 2 min; PUI/3– 3 min; and Control– without CH paste. An elementary chemical microanalysis (SEM/EDS) was performed to quantify the presence of calcium on the dentinal walls. RESULTS: The percentage of calcium was higher in all experimental groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05); but no differences among them were found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The amount of calcium hydroxide paste on the dentinal walls was not dependent on length of time of ultrasonic activation. SEM/EDS analysis seems to be a reliable method to assess CH paste removal from the root canals.
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Maqbool, Manahil, Syeda Sobia Masood Tirmazi, Asma Shakoor, Zunaira Akram, Rutaba Nazir, Arham Nawaz Chohan, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, and Tahir Yusuf Noorani. "Perception of Dental House Officers regarding Endodontic File Separation during Endodontic Treatment." BioMed Research International 2023 (February 16, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1044541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Despite of having improved endodontic file designs as well as the reinforced metal alloy file structure, intracanal endodontic file separation (EFS) is still a very problematic and worrisome dental incident, which usually occurs without any visible signs of permanent deformation. Further, there have been conflicting reports regarding the clinical significance of leaving separated files within root canals. Aims. The aim of this study was to look into the current perceptions and awareness about file separation during endodontic treatment among the dental house officers (DHOs). Materials and Methods. A novel validated questionnaire comprising of 15 close-ended questions was distributed anonymously via Google Forms through email to 1100 DHOs across Pakistan. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first component (Section I) collected demographic data and the second component (Section II) investigated the causes of EFS during root canal treatment. Following the completion of socioeconomic information, including age and gender, the DHOs were asked to answer a few questions about the various reasons for endodontic instrument fracture. Results. A total of 800 responses were recorded, with an effective rate of 72.8%. The majority of the DHOs ( p value < 0.001) perceived that endodontic instrument fracture occurred in the posterior (61.5%) and apical third of the canal (50.5%) and in older permanent dentition (67.3%), possibly due to patient anxiety (62%). Better choice of instrument (61.15%), operators’ experience (95.3%), knowledge (87.5%), and proper root canal cleaning (91.1%) are believed to be the vital steps in reducing endodontic file separation/fracture. Furthermore, majority of them ( p value < 0.001) perceived that stainless steel was a superior alloy for filing instruments. Manual files tend to be more prone to fractures due to repeated use than rotary files. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that young DHOs had adequate knowledge and awareness regarding the potential predisposing factors and handling techniques for EFS. This study thereby provides an evaluating tool to access the insights of the current perceptions and awareness of DHOs concerning EFS.
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Rajasekaran, Mahadevan Raj, Yanfen Jiang, Valmik Bhargava, Ryan Littlefield, Andrew Lee, Richard L. Lieber, and Ravinder K. Mittal. "Length-tension relationship of the external anal sphincter muscle: implications for the anal canal function." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 295, no. 2 (August 2008): G367—G373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00033.2008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The length at which a muscle operates in vivo (operational length) and the length at which it generates maximal force (optimal length) may be quite different. We studied active and passive length-tension characteristics of external anal sphincter (EAS) in vivo and in vitro to determine the optimal and operational length of rabbit EAS. For the in vitro studies, rings of EAS ( n = 4) were prepared and studied in a muscle bath under isometric conditions. For in vivo studies, female rabbits ( n = 19) were anesthetized and anal canal pressure was recorded by use of a sleeve sensor placed in the custom-designed catheter holders of 4.5-, 6-, and 9-mm diameters. Measurements were obtained at rest and during EAS electrical stimulation. Sarcomere length of EAS muscle was measured by laser diffraction technique with no probe and three probes in the anal canal. In vitro studies revealed 2,054 mN/cm2 active tension at optimal length. In vivo studies revealed a probe size-dependent increase in anal canal pressure and tension. Maximal increase in anal canal tension with stimulation was recorded with the 9-mm probe. Increases in anal canal tension with increase in probe size were completely abolished by pancuronium bromide. EAS muscle sarcomere length without and with 9-mm probe in the anal canal were 2.11 ± 0.08 and 2.99 ± 0.07 μm, respectively. Optimal sarcomere length, based on the thin filament length measured by thin filament analysis, is 2.44 ± 0.10 μm. These data show that the operational length of EAS is significantly shorter than its optimal length. Our findings provide insight into EAS function and we propose the possibility of increasing anal canal pressure by surgical manipulation of the EAS sarcomere length.
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Rawlinson, S., and S. Capper. "Descent of a bullet in the spinal canal." Emergency Medicine Journal 24, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2006.038711.
Повний текст джерела
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Mittal, Ravinder K., Valmik Bhargava, Geoff Sheean, Melissa Ledgerwood, and Shantanu Sinha. "Purse-string morphology of external anal sphincter revealed by novel imaging techniques." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 306, no. 6 (March 15, 2014): G505—G514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00338.2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The external anal sphincter (EAS) may be injured in 25–35% of women during the first and subsequent vaginal childbirths and is likely the most common cause of anal incontinence. Since its first description almost 300 years ago, the EAS was believed to be a circular or a “donut-shaped” structure. Using three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound imaging, MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and muscle fiber tracking, we delineated various components of the EAS and their muscle fiber directions. These novel imaging techniques suggest “purse-string” morphology, with “EAS muscles” crossing contralaterally in the perineal body to the contralateral transverse perineal (TP) and bulbospongiosus (BS) muscles, thus attaching the EAS to the pubic rami. Spin-tag MRI demonstrated purse-string action of the EAS muscle. Electromyography of TP/BS and EAS muscles revealed their simultaneous contraction and relaxation. Lidocaine injection into the TP/BS muscle significantly reduced anal canal pressure. These studies support purse-string morphology of the EAS to constrict/close the anal canal opening. Our findings have implications for the effect of episiotomy on anal closure function and the currently used surgical technique (overlapping sphincteroplasty) for EAS reconstructive surgery to treat anal incontinence.
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Stavreva, Galya, Neli Nedialkova, Negrin Negrev, Dimitar Maslarov, and Radomir Radomirov. "Modular and functionally-different descending recto-anal motor pathways in a rat model." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0039-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe evaluated the motor responses in recto-anal preparations obtained from rats, in terms of the excitation displayed by modules of nerve networks and descending distally directed pathways, when subjected to the mechanographic on-line technique, a partitioned organ bath, electrical stimulation (EFS, 0.8 ms, 5 Hz) and distension. EFS elicited modular contractions, which increased in amplitude distally, in circular muscle rings isolated from the proximal, middle or distal rectum. The modular responses of the internal anal sphincter or anal canal were relaxation or contraction, respectively. The application of EFS to the distal rectum induced a descending contractile response in the anal canal (5.24±0.34 mN), while distension by balloon evoked a descending response consisting of contraction (1.72±0.20 mN) followed by relaxation (3.42±0.24 mN). The responses were sensitive to tetrodotoxin. Atropine considerably depressed the contractions in all preparations. Whether or not atropine was present, L-NNA increased the excitatory responses, while L-arginine decreased the contractions and extended the relaxation of internal anal sphincter and anal canal. The results suggest that excitatory neurotransmission(s) expressed in the distal rectum dominate modular nerve networks. Functionally-different descending pathways are involved in the motor activity of the anal canal. Stimulatory cholinergic pathways are dependent on the electrically-induced excitation, and inhibitory nitrergic pathways are sensitive to distension of rectal wall.
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Benninga, M. A., O. B. Wijers, C. W. P. van der Hoeven, J. A. J. M. Taminiau, P. J. Klopper, G. N. J. Tytgat, and L. M. A. Akkermans. "Manometry, Profilometry, and Endosonography." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 18, no. 1 (January 1994): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1994.tb11125.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary:Normal anal manometric and profilometric values and normal endosonographic features of the anal canal are required for evaluation of pathological conditions such as slow‐transit constipation, anorectal outlet obstruction, and Hirschsprung's disease, status after surgery for imperforate anus, and other anal abnormalities. Anorectal manometry, profilometry (rapid‐pull‐through, three‐dimensional, eight‐channel radial manometry), and endosonography were carried out in 13 healthy children. A significant correlation was demonstrated between conventional manometric and profilometric maximal squeeze pressure of the external anal sphincter (EAS). However, the maximal anal resting tone of the sphincter complex in profilometry was twice as high as in manometry due to reflexive contraction of a pelvic floor muscle, probably the EAS. With profilometry a positive correlation was found between age and sphincter length. Endosonographically assessed thickness of the EAS, puborectal muscle, and levator ani complex showed a significant correlation with age. However, no correlation was demonstrated between age and internal anal sphincter thickness. Thus, the development of the essential structures of the anal canal in children is age dependent. In addition, these measurements of normal physiology and anatomy of the anal canal provide the basis for detecting pathological conditions of the anorectal region in children.
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Frémaux, Céline. "Santé et hygiénisme dans les villes du canal de Suez." Égypte/Monde arabe, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ema.1759.
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Fletcher, A., and A. Shukurov. "Depolarization canals and interstellar turbulence." EAS Publications Series 23 (2007): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas:2007008.
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Jo, Seung Bin, Hyun Kyung Kim, Hae Nim Lee, Yu-Jin Kim, Kapil Dev Patel, Jonathan Campbell Knowles, Jung-Hwan Lee, and Minju Song. "Physical Properties and Biofunctionalities of Bioactive Root Canal Sealers In Vitro." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Calcium silicate-based bioactive glass has received significant attention for use in various biomedical applications due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, the bioactivity of calcium silicate nanoparticle-incorporated bioactive dental sealer is not much explored. Herein, three commercially available bioactive root canal sealers (Endoseal MTA (EDS), Well-Root ST (WST), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG (NBG)) were compared with a resin-based control sealer (AH Plus (AHP)) in terms of physical, chemical, and biological properties. EDS and NBG showed 200 to 400 nm and 100 to 200 nm nanoparticle incorporation in the SEM image, respectively, and WST and NBG showed mineral deposition in Hank’s balanced salt solution after 28 days. The flowability and film thickness of all products met the ISO 3107 standard. Water contact angle, linear dimensional changes, and calcium and silicate ion release were significantly different among groups. All bioactive root canal sealers released calcium ions, while NBG released ~10 times more silicon ions than the other bioactive root canal sealers. Under the cytocompatible extraction range, NBG showed prominent cytocompatibility, osteogenecity, and angiogenecity compared to other sealers in vitro. These results indicate that calcium silicate nanoparticle incorporation in dental sealers could be a potential strategy for dental periapical tissue regeneration.
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MURAD-REGADAS, Sthela Maria, Iris Daiana DEALCANFREITAS, Francisco Sergio Pinheiro REGADAS, Lusmar Veras RODRIGUES, Graziela Olivia da Silva FERNANDES, and Jacyara de Jesus Rosa PEREIRA. "DO CHANGES IN ANAL SPHINCTER ANATOMY CORRELATE WITH ANAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF VAGINAL DELIVERY?" Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 51, no. 3 (September 2014): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032014000300006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives To evaluate anal sphincter anatomy using three-dimensional ultrasonography (3-DAUS) in incontinent women with vaginal delivery, correlate anatomical findings with symptoms of fecal incontinence and determine the effect of vaginal delivery on anal canal anatomy and function. Methods Female with fecal incontinence and vaginal delivery were assessed with Wexner’s score, manometry, and 3DAUS. A control group comprising asymptomatic nulliparous was included. Anal pressure, the angle of the defect and length of the external anal sphincter (EAS), the anterior and posterior internal anal sphincter (IAS), the EAS + puborectal and the gap were measured and correlated with score. Results Of the 62, 49 had fecal incontinence and 13 were asymptomatic. Twenty five had EAS defects, 8 had combined EAS+IAS defects, 16 had intact sphincters and continence scores were similar. Subjects with sphincter defects had a shorter anterior EAS, IAS and longer gap than women without defects. Those with a vaginal delivery and intact sphincters had a shorter anterior EAS and longer gap than nulliparous. We found correlations between resting pressure and anterior EAS and IAS length in patients with defects. Conclusions Avaliar a anatomia do esfíncter anal usando ultra-sonografia tridimensional (3D-US) em mulheres incontinentes com parto vaginal, correlacionar os achados anatômicos com sintomas de incontinência fecal e, determinar o efeito do parto vaginal sobre a anatomia e função do canal anal.
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Coelho, Beatriz Serrato, Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho, Denise Piotto Leonardi, Fabrício Scaini, Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo, Rafaela Mariana de Lara, and Flares Baratto-Filho. "Effects of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide on Adhesion of Posts in Teeth Obturated With Different Sealers." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 4 (August 2020): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202002897.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) on bond strength of fiberglass posts in root canals obturated with different endodontic sealers. Seventy-eight mandibular premolars were obturated with three sealers (n=26): Endofill (END), AH Plus (AHP), and Endosequence BC Sealer (EBS). After preparation of the post space, two subgroups were formed according to the cementation of the posts (n=13): with EDC (EDC), and without EDC (control - CON). The specimens were submitted to a pull-out test, failure mode classification, and root canal surface evaluation by scanning electron microscopy after post displacement. Regarding the bond strength, a significant difference between the EDC and CON subgroups occurred only in the END (p=0.001). No difference was detected among the CON subgroups (p=0.339). However, among the EDC subgroups, AHP presented significantly higher values (END versus AHP: p=0.001; AHP versus EBS: p=0.016). Upon classification of failure modes, score 1 (≥ 50% of cement) was the most commonly observed, except for the END + EDC. Remains of endodontic sealers and resin cements were found in the cervical third, but without statistical difference (p=0.269), while in the middle third, difference occurred (p=0.004). In conclusion, EDC decreases bond strength when associated with END sealer, without changing the failure mode between the resin cement and fiberglass post. The best performance was observed when EDC was combined with AHP sealer.
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Holland, Marshall T., Oliver E. Flouty, Liesl N. Close, Chandan G. Reddy, and Matthew A. Howard. "A Unique Case of Primary Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Cervical Spine in a 53-Year-Old Male: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/402313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma (EES) is a rare presentation, representing only 15% of all primary Ewing’s sarcoma cases. Even more uncommon is EES presenting as a primary focus in the spinal canal. These rapidly growing tumors often present with focal neurological symptoms of myelopathy or radiculopathy. There are no classic characteristic imaging findings and thus the physician must keep a high index of clinical suspicion. Diagnosis can only be definitively made by histopathological studies. In this report, we discuss a primary cervical spine EES in a 53-year-old man who presented with a two-month history of left upper extremity pain and acute onset of weakness. Imaging revealed a cervical spinal canal mass. After undergoing cervical decompression, histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma. A literature search revealed fewer than 25 reported cases of primary cervical spine EES published in the past 15 years and only one report demonstrating this pathology in a patient older than 30 years of ageage=38. Given the low incidence of this pathology presenting in this age group and the lack of treatment guidelines, each patient’s plan should be considered on a case-by-case basis until further studies are performed to determine optimal evidence based treatment.
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Rajasekaran, M. Raj, Sadhana Kanoo, Johnny Fu, My-Uyen (Lilly) Nguyen, Valmik Bhargava та Ravinder K. Mittal. "Age-related external anal sphincter muscle dysfunction and fibrosis: possible role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 313, № 6 (1 грудня 2017): G581—G588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00209.2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies show an age-related increase in the prevalence of anal incontinence and sphincter muscle atrophy. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been recently recognized as the major molecular pathway involved in age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis. The goals of our study were to 1) evaluate the impact of normal aging on external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle length-tension (L-T) function and morphology and 2) specifically examine the role of Wnt signaling pathways in anal sphincter muscle fibrosis. New Zealand White female rabbits [6 young (6 mo of age) and 6 old (36 mo of age)] were anesthetized, and anal canal pressure was measured to determine the L-T function of EAS. Animals were killed at the end of the study, and the anal canal was harvested and processed for histochemical studies (Masson trichrome stain for muscle/connective tissue) as well as for molecular markers for fibrosis and atrophy [collagen I, β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), atrogin-1, and muscle-specific RING finger protein-1 (MuRF-1)]. The L-T was significantly impaired in older animals compared with young animals. Anal canal sections stained with trichrome showed a significant decrease in the muscle content (52% in old compared with 70% in young) and an increase in the connective tissue/collagen content in the old animals. An increased protein and mRNA expression of all the fibrosis markers was seen in the older animals. Aging EAS muscle exhibits impairment of function and increase in connective tissue. Upregulation of atrophy and profibrogenic proteins with aging may be the reason for the age-related decrease in anal sphincter muscle thickness and function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies using a female rabbit model show age-related alterations in the structure and function of the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle. We used endoluminal ultrasound to measure age-related changes in EAS muscle thickness. We employed Western blot and quantitative PCR to demonstrate age-related changes in the levels of important fibrogenic as well as atrophy markers. Our findings may have significant clinical implications, i.e., use of specific antagonists to prevent age-related EAS muscle dysfunction.
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Bardini, Giulia, Elisabetta Cotti, Terenzio Congiu, Claudia Caria, Davide Aru, and Montse Mercadè. "Medium- and Long-Term Re-Treatment of Root Canals Filled with a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer: An Experimental Ex Vivo Study." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 3501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the possibility of re-treating a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSBS), compared to an epoxy-resin sealer (RBS), using rotary instrumentation at different times from obturation (1 month/1 year). Thirty-six human mandibular premolars, extracted as a result of orthodontic or periodontal problems, were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups of 12: BR and BR*, which were filled with CSBS and re-treated after one month and one year of storage, respectively, and AH, which was filled with RBS and re-treated after one month. The same re-treatment protocol was used for all teeth, and the times required for the procedure was recorded. The re-treated specimens were longitudinally sectioned and examined at the stereomicroscope (SM) at 20× magnification. Image J Software was used to process the microphotographs. The percentage of residual filling materials in the root canal and the apical third, the ability to reach working length WL and patency, and the time taken to complete the re-treatment were recorded and analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test (p = 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and coupled energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were applied to representative samples to evaluate canal cleanliness and chemical elements. Patency and WL were re-established in all of the teeth. Residual filling materials were retained in all specimens of the three groups. The mean percentage of residual materials was significantly different between BR and BR* (p-value = 0.048), with BR* showing the highest values. The mean time to complete re-treatment was significantly lower for AH, followed by BR (p = 0.0001) and BR* (p = 0.0078). Conclusions: After both medium and long storage periods, the CSBS can be concluded to have been successfully removed from canals with simple anatomy.
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Reszka, Przemysław, Alicja Nowicka, Włodzimierz Dura, Ewa Marek, and Mariusz Lipski. "SEM and EDS study of TotalFill BC Sealer and GuttaFlow Bioseal root canal sealers." Dental and Medical Problems 56, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/dmp/105561.
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K, Naresh Kumar, Abhijith Kallu, Surender L.R, Sravani Nirmala, and Narender Reddy. "Evaluation of chemical composition of root canal dentin between two age groups using different irrigating solutions: An in vitro sem-eds study." International Dental Journal of Student's Research 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.idjsr.2024.005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different irrigating solutions on the chemical composition of root canal dentin between two age groups.Sixty-six extracted single rooted human premolar teeth were decoronated and longitudinally sectioned to expose canals. Root halves were divided into 2 groups and 3 sub-groups based on the irrigation protocol. Samples were evaluated for mineral content with Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The data were analyzed statistically.Results revealed a statistically significant difference in calcium levels of younger age group, with higher levels for SmearClear (19.1±1.31) when compared to MTAD (Mixture of Tetracycline Isomer, Acid and Detergent) (17.1±1.16), with p value 0.01. A statistically significant difference was observed in magnesium levels of younger age group, with higher levels for MTAD (0.95±0.21) when compared to SmearClear (0.82±0.22), with p value 0.05. Mean comparison of Ca/P ratio of younger age group, revealed higher values for SmearClear (1.71±0.14) when compared to MTAD (1.56±0.15), with p value 0.02.MTAD caused significantly greater loss of calcium, phosphorous, sodium and altered Ca/P ratio of root dentin among younger age group. On the other hand, loss of magnesium content was found to be higher within SmearClear sub group of younger age group (p=0.05).
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Cimpean, Sanda Ileana, Adela Loredana Colceriu Burtea, Radu Stefan Chiorean, Mircea Cristian Dudescu, Aurora Antoniac, Alina Robu, Radu Septimiu Campian, and Lucia Iacobina Timis. "Evaluation of Bond Strength of Four Different Root Canal Sealers." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144966.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purposes of the study were to evaluate the influence of the sealer’s chemical composition on the interfacial strength between root canal dentin and root filling material, for two different classes of endodontic sealers, and to assess their failure modes. Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into four groups using the following endodontic sealers: RealSeal SE and Resilon (RSSE); EndoSequence BC sealer and BC Point (EBCS); Endoseal MTA and gutta-percha (EDS); Bioroot RCS and gutta-percha (BRS). Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin, and the roots were sectioned horizontally into 1 mm slices. For each slice, the perimeter was measured. A push-out test was performed using an Instron universal testing machine. For each sample, bond strength was calculated. Specimens were examined by SEM investigation in order to analyze the dentin–sealer–core interface. Results were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey and Bonferroni test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that EDS and gutta-percha had significantly higher resistance to dislodgement compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). EBCS and BC Point showed significantly greater push-out bond strength values compared to RSSE and Resilon (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bioceramic endodontic sealers showed a higher bond strength to root dentin than methacrylate resin-based endodontic sealer.
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Hernández Zapata, Santiago, Noel Blanco-Roa, Elvin Chavarría Rivaz, and Carlos Alberto Zúniga-Gonzalez. "Estimación in vivo de la canal porcina por el método de ultrasonografía: Un Enfoque de la Ecointensificación en Bioeconomia Porcina." Revista Iberoamericana de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climático 5, no. 10 (December 12, 2019): 1278–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ribcc.v5i10.8966.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En este estudio se analiza la relación entre el espesor de grasa subcutánea (EGS), espesor muscular (EM) y espesor de grasa subcutánea y espesor muscular juntos (EGSM), medidos con ultrasonido en un solo punto anatómico de cerdos vivos y los parámetros más importantes de la canal (Peso vivo, Peso de la canal, carne clase A, B, C que corresponden a las carnes de primera, segunda y tercera categoría, y cortes específicos cómo lomo, posta de pierna y aguja). En nuestro experimento utilizamos cerdos híbridos de las razas Pietrain, Landrace y Yorkshire en cantidad de 25 animales de ambos sexos. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que los parámetros de la composición de la canal aquí analizados (Peso vivo, peso de la canal, carne clase A, B, C y cortes específicos, lomo, posta de pierna y aguja) están altamente correlacionados con el espesor de la grasa subcutánea medida con el ultrasonido en la última costilla del musculo longuísimo dorsal en el lado izquierdo del cerdo vivo (r = 0.53 - 0.67). La correlación múltiple del modelo de predicción de regresión lineal entre los parámetros de la canal y el espesor de grasa dorsal fue (0.74) y el coeficiente de determinación mostró suficiente capacidad de predicción (R2 = 0.55). Los modelos de predicción de regresión lineal de los componentes de la canal con el espesor muscular obtuvieron baja capacidad de predicción (R2 = 0.23). Igualmente en el modelo de regresión del espesor de grasa subcutánea y espesor muscular juntos ( R2= 0.25). Entre las correlaciones más importantes encontradas están: lomo derecho, carne clase A (r = 0.80), peso vivo y canal entera (r = 0.85) paleta derecha y carne clase B (r = 0.88) siendo este patrón repetitivo en todas las correlaciones de las mediciones ultrasonografica y los componentes de la canal. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo alientan su utilización como técnica predictoria de la composición de la canal porcina en el sendero productivo Ecointensificación de la Bioeconomia.
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Silva, Cimara B. B., Juliana D. Bronzato, Daniel R. Herrera, Francisco Montagner, Elifas L. Nunes, and Brenda P. F. A. Gomes. "Efficiency of a digital electrofulguration system in contaminated root canals in vitro." Brazilian Dental Journal 32, no. 3 (June 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202104067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Decontamination of the root canal (RC) system is essential for successful endodontic therapy. In this in vitro study, it was evaluated the disinfection potential of an electrofulguration device, the Endox® Endodontic System (EES), in RC infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Sixty-five human lower premolars were instrumented with MTwo® system. The specimens were distributed into six experimental groups (n = 10), according to the irrigation protocol: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); CHX + EES; 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); NaOCl + EES; saline solution (SS); and SS + EES. Five specimens were untreated (control). RC samples were collected before (C1) and after EES treatment (C2), after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) (C3), and after final EES treatment (C4). All samples were plated for colony forming units (CFU/mL) onto solid media. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Friedman tests for intragroup comparisons and by Kruskal Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test for intergroup comparisons (α = 0.05). Treatment with the EES did not significantly reduce the number of CFU/mL as compared to baseline levels (C1 vs. C2, p> 0.05). After CMP (C3), all groups showed a significantly reduced amount of CFU/mL (p <0.05), with no difference between CHX- and NaOCl-treated samples (p >0.05). Lastly, treatment with the EES following CMP (C4) did not significantly reduce the amount of CFU/mL (C3 vs. C4, p> 0.05). To conclude, the use of the Endox® Endodontic System did not result in considerable bacterial reduction at all operative times, while treatment with NaOCl and CHX was equally efficient for this purpose.
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Istikowati, Wiwin Tyas, Budi Sutiya, Kissinger Kissinger, Hafizianor Hafizianor, Rina Muhayah, and Sunardi Sunardi. "Sosialisasi Manfaat Sekat Kanal di Lahan Eks Pengembangan Lahan Gambut di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah." Abdimas Mandalika 1, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/am.v1i2.7362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The aims of this community service program is to socialize the canal blocking development program in Dadahup Sub District, Kapuas, Central Kalimantan. The program aims to restore the peat ecosystem to support food estate program. The method used by the community service team was to gather representatives of community member from seven villages in Dadahup sub district to discuss about canal blocking program. The socialization was carried out by the service community team using focus group discussion method with community in Dadahup sub-district. From that activity, the community welcome the plan and to be actively involved in canal blocking development activities in Central Kalimantan.Abstrak Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mensosialisasikan rencana program pembangunan sekat kanal yang dilaksanakan di kecamatan Dadahup, Kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah untuk memulihkan ekosistem gambut untuk mendukung program food estate untuk ketahanan pangan nasional. Metode yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi adalah dengan mengumpulkan perwakilan warga masyarakat dari tujuh desa di kecamatan tersebut untuk berdiskusi dengan tim pengabdi terkait rencana yang akan diprogramkan, yaitu pembangunan sekat kanal di wilayah mereka. Sosialisasi dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi dengan metode focus group discussion (FGD) dengan masyarakat di kecamatan Dadahup. Dari diskusi terlihat masyarakat menyambut baik rencana tersebut dan ingin terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan pembangunan sekat kanal di Kalimantan Tengah.
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Kabir, Md Enamul, Bidhan Chandro Sarker, and SM Hasibur Rahman. "Performance of Maize and Sunflower to Abiotic Stresses: Excess Water during Emergence and Salinity during Reproductive Stage." South Asian Journal of Agriculture 8, no. 1-2 (April 23, 2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/saja.v8i1-2.59262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Excess of wetness and salinity in soil are the two major constraints of cropping during the winter season in southwestern (SW) Bangladesh. Seed sowing and crop establishment in the saturated soil might utilize the soil profile water (non-saline) in the early stage of growth and irrigation with natural canal water (low salinity) may open up opportunities of cropping in the winter season. The current pot study (two separate experiments) was conducted with sunflower and maize by sowing seeds in excessively wet field soil (collected, soil moisture was more than field capacity, 42% v/v) in small pots for their performance of emergence to evaluate grain yield. After emergence in small pots, the plants were transferred to large pots and allowed to grow till maturity. The source of irrigation water with cumulative electrical conductivity (EC) was the treatment as fresh water, canal water or NaCl solution. The strength (dS m-1) of NaCl solution was made equal to that of canal water during each of the irrigation. The number of irrigation was four and the ECs were 3.2, 3.9, 4.6 and 5.4 dS m-1 on 30 January, 15 and 28 February, and 15 March, respectively. In both crops, all irrigations were completed by 74 days after sowing (DAS) and the plants were harvested at 75 DAS for dry matter (DM) measurement and 110 DAS for DM, yield and yield attributes. The emergence of seeds decreased significantly when seeds were sown in wet soil which caused the closing of seed-holes from the surface of wet soil. Decreased grain yield recorded for both of the crops (28% in sunflower and 40% in maize compared to that by freshwater irrigation) due to irrigation by canal water or NaCl solution. The yield and yield attributes were numerically lower in NaCl solution irrigation in both of the crops though the ECs of both canal water and NaCl solution maintained as same. The crops established successfully in excessive wet soil, but the yield loss was due to irrigation water salinity (irrespective of source). The yield loss would have been decreased if the crops were sown early (in late December or early January instead of early February in the current study) and completing the irrigations by February. The findings of the current study suggest that sunflower and maize might be grown in the field by using the canal water as a potential irrigation source in the SW Bangladesh. South Asian J. Agric., 8(1&2): 29-35
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Obiols Perearnau, Lluís. "L'expansió del regadiu al Pirineu. El canal de l'Olla i Segalers, a Alàs i la Seu d'Urgell (1817-1818)." Estudis d'història agrària, no. 32 (July 15, 2021): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/eha.2020.32.115-137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La plana de l’Urgellet, centrada per la ciutat de la Seu d’Urgell, és una remarcable extensió de terra de conreu enmig del Pirineu, a l’aiguabarreig dels rius Segre i Valira. La seva producció agrària havia estat condicionada històricament per la meteorologia fins que, a partir del final del segle xviii, la xarxa de petits recs documentats des de l’edat mitjana es va ampliar i complementar amb grans canals de regadiu. Les disposicions legals van afavorir aquesta dinàmica, a través de la qual, durant tot el segle xix, gran part de la plana va ser convertida en irrigable gràcies a la construcció de nombrosos canals, entre els quals destaca el de l’Olla i Segalers, els anys 1817 i 1818.
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Carrillo Varguez, Luis Hernán, Aracely Serrano-Medina, Eduardo Alberto López Maldonado, Eustolia Rodríguez Velázquez, and José Manuel Cornejo-Bravo. "In vitro techniques for evaluating smear layer removal by root canal irrigants: a literature review." Horizon Interdisciplinary Journal 1, no. 2 (October 11, 2023): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56935/hij.v1i2.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: The purpose of this review is to address the most commonly used techniques for evaluating smear layer removal ability or chelating capacity of root canal irrigants, including Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS or EDX), Atomic Absorption Flame Spectrometry (AASF), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF), inductive coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in the Pub Med / MEDLINE database of indexed journals from 1992 to 2020. The search terms included chelating, chelation, calcium chelation, smear layer, smear layer removal, and demineralizing effect.
Results: All the techniques were classified in terms of their results, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Even though smear layer removal and chelating capacity are not the same parameters, most of the studies included both techniques to correlate their results. SEM is the most commonly used technique for evaluating smear layer removal using various root canal irrigants. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (17%) was the most widely studied root canal irrigant.
Conclusion: Different techniques can be used to evaluate smear layer removal and chelating capacity of root canal irrigants. All of these methods have their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to provide researchers with a background for the selection of technique(s) to study the irrigant´s capacity for calcium chelation, which is applicable to smear layer removal
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Capitanio, Bárbara Luzia, Lina Naomi Hashizume, Milton Carlos Kuga, Eliane Cristina Gulin de Oliveira, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Gabriel Barcelos Só, and Marcus Vinicius Reis Só. "Analysis of pH, calcium ion release, and energy dispersive spectroscopy of a bioceramic root canal dressing." Brazilian Dental Journal 34, no. 4 (August 2023): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202305506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study compared the pH and calcium ion release of calcium silicate- (Bio-C Temp) and calcium hydroxide-based (Ultracal XS) medications. Intracanal remnants of both medications were also evaluated using SEM-EDS after the removal protocol. Thirty-five bovine teeth were prepared. Fifteen were filled with Bio-C Temp and 15 with Ultracal XS. Five remained without intracanal medication (control group). Five samples from each experimental time (i.e.. 24, 72, and 168 hours) were used to measure pH and calcium ions release using a digital pH meter and microplate reader, respectively. Afterward, the peaks of the chemical elements composing both medications were analyzed in SEM-EDS. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test analyzed the pH and calcium ion release data. Student's t-test compared the medications in each experimental time. SEM-EDS described the percentage of chemical elements in the samples. Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS showed a significant pH increase from 24 to 168 hours (p<0.05). Ultracal XS showed a higher pH value at 24 hours than Bio-C Temp (p<0.05) but were similar at 72 and 168h (p > 0.05). Calcium ion release did not depend on the experimental period (p > 0.05). Bio-C Temp showed lower calcium ions release than Ultracal XS at 24 hours (p<0.05). SEM-EDS analyses showed the remains of both medications, but the concentration of Si, Al, and W ions was present only in the calcium silicate-based medication. Bio-C Temp presented alkaline pH and a satisfactory calcium ion release over the time. The remaining of both medications were present after the protocols for paste removal.
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Zurzu, Mihai, Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu, Laurențiu Mogoantă, Stelian Pantea, and Mugurel Constantin Rusu. "Telocytes and Lymphatics of the Human Colon." Life 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Telocytes (TCs) are a peculiar morphological type of stromal cells. They project long and moniliform telopodes, visible on various bidimensional sections. Originally regarded as “interstitial Cajal-like cells”, gastrointestinal TCs were CD34+. Further double-labelling studies found that colon TCs are negative for the expressions of the PDGFR-α and α-SMA. However, the TCs in colon were not distinguished specifically from endothelial cells (ECs), vascular or lymphatic. A combinational approach is important for accurate TC identification. Hence, we designed an immunohistochemical study of human colon to check whether ECs and CD34+ TCs express different markers. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on archived paraffin-embedded samples of human colon (nine cases) for the following markers: CD31, CD34, CD117/c-kit and D2-40 (podoplanin). Results: A distinctive population of CD34+ TCs was found coating the myenteric ganglia. However, also perivascular cells and vascular ECs were CD34+. c-kit expression was equally found in interstitial Cajal cells (ICCs) and perivascular cells. The CD34 TCs did not express c-kit. As they were equally CD31- and D2-40- they were assessed as different from ECs. Conclusions: Testing specific markers of ECs, vascular and lymphatic, in the same tissues in which CD34+ TCs are found, is much more relevant than to identify TCs by transmission electron microscopy alone.
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Padmakumar, Indu, Dharam Hinduja, Abdul Mujeeb, Raghu Kachenahalli Narasimhaiah, Ashwini Kumar Saraswathi, Mubashir Baig Mirza, Ali Robaian, Syed Nahid Basheer, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, and Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina. "Evaluation of Effects of Various Irrigating Solutions on Chemical Structure of Root Canal Dentin Using FTIR, SEM, and EDS: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 4 (October 20, 2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Sequential chemical application for irrigating a root canal during chemomechanical debridement can affect the dentin microstructure. Understanding the effects of various irrigants on chemical properties of dentin can elucidate their effects on physical properties and thereby explain the higher incidence of structural failure in endodontically treated teeth. This in vitro research aimed to compare and evaluate the effects of three different irrigating solutions on the chemical structure of root canal dentin in extracted human teeth. Methods: Forty-eight extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at the cemento–enamel junction by a diamond disc and were then randomly assigned to four groups of twelve samples each. The groups were irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl, ozonated olive oil, silver citrate, or distilled water. Dentin sections measuring 1.5 mm were obtained from the root portion and each section and were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). FTIR and EDS values are reported as means ± standard deviations. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). Results: A comparison of the FTIR and EDS values among the groups using ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the organic and inorganic peak values among the groups. An intergroup comparison between NaOCl with silver citrate and ozonated olive oil revealed significant reductions in the carbonate and phosphate peak values in the NaOCl group (p < 0.05). The EDS values tabulated for the carbon, oxygen, phosphorous, and calcium peak levels showed significant differences between the groups using an ANOVA. An SEM analysis was conducted under 1500× magnification, which revealed smear layer removal in the silver citrate group. Conclusions: The silver citrate solution and the ozonated olive oil caused less changes in the organic and mineral contents of dentin than sodium hypochlorite.
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Al Jabbari, Youssef S., Raymond Fournelle, Sara M. Al Taweel, and Spiros Zinelis. "Failure analysis of eleven Gates Glidden drills that fractured intraorally during post space preparation. A retrieval analysis study." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the failure mechanism of clinically failed Gates Glidden (GG) drills. Eleven retrieved GG drills (sizes #1 to #3) which fractured during root canal preparation were collected and the fracture location was recorded based on macroscopic observation. All fracture surfaces were investigated by a SEM. Then the fractured parts were embedded in acrylic resin and after metallographic preparation, the microstructure and elemental composition was evaluated by SEM and EDS. The Vickers hardness (HV) of all specimens was also determined. Macroscopic examination and SEM analysis showed that the drills failed near the hand piece end by torsional fatigue with fatigue cracks initiating at several locations around the circumference and propagating toward the center. Final fracture followed by a tensile overloading at the central region of cross section. Microstructural analysis, hardness measurements and EDS show that the drills are made of a martensitic stainless steel like AISI 440C. Based on the findings of this study, clinicians should expect fatigue fracture of GG drills that have small size during root canal preparation. Selection of a more fatigue resistant stainless steel alloy and enhancing the instrument design might reduce the incidence of quasi-cleavage fracture on GG drills.
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Shah, Shoukat Ali, and Madeeha Kiran. "MANN-KENDALL TEST: TREND ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL AND DISCHARGE OF GHOTKI FEEDER CANAL IN DISTRICT GHOTKI, SINDH, PAKISTAN." Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2021.137.142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Temperature and precipitation variations have huge environmental, socio-economic impacts. This study aims to detect the trend of temperature, precipitation, and discharge from 2000-2020 in the district Ghotki. Mann Kendal test and Sen’s slope were applied by using XLSTAT in MS Excel to investigate the significance of all trends. The results showed that the annual rainfall trend was increased with the highest intensity noted in 2003; 275mm and 2010; 271 mm. The trend in the monsoon season was increased with the highest slope 0.863 by comparing with non-monsoon which showed the slope was 0.642. The annual temperature was increased an average temperature recorded in 2016; 28.5 & 2018; 28 °C. Further, the summer-autumn season’s trend has sharply increased. While the trend of Ghotki feeder discharge was slightly increased in January due to the continuous flow of water and less demand for water during the Rabi season. But in July, the highest discharge was recorded in 2010 due to heavy rainfall and flood situations over the study area. The trend in Kharif was continuously declined due to farmers started sowing sugarcane crops instead of rice and cotton which need less irrigation water. It is concluded that the performance of MK and SS tests was consistent at the verified significance level.
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Favorito, Luciano A., Helce Riberio Julio-Junior, and Francisco J. Sampaio. "Relationship between Undescended Testis Position and Prevalence of Testicular Appendices, Epididymal Anomalies, and Patency of Processus Vaginalis." BioMed Research International 2017 (December 28, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5926370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives. To assess the incidence of testicular appendices (Tas), epididymal anomalies (EAs), and processus vaginalis (PV) patency in patients with undescended testis (UT) according to testicular position and to compare them with human fetuses. Methods. We studied 85 patients (108 testes) with cryptorchidism and compared the features with those of 15 fetuses (30 testes) with scrotal testes. We analyzed the relationships among the testis and epididymis, patency of PV, and the presence of TAs. We used the Chi-square test for statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results. In 108 UT, 72 (66.66%) had PV patent, 67 (62.03%) had TAs, and 39 (36.12%) had EAs. Of the 108 UT, 14 were abdominal (12.96%; 14 had PV patency, 9 TAs, and 7 EAs); 81 were inguinal (75%; 52 had PV patency, 45 TAs, and 31 EAs), and 13 were suprascrotal (12.03%; 6 had PV patency, 13 TAs, and 1 EAs). The patency of PV was more frequently associated with EAs (p=0.00364). The EAs had a higher prevalence in UT compared with fetuses (p=0.0005). Conclusions. Undescended testis has a higher risk of anatomical anomalies and the testes situated in abdomen and inguinal canal have a higher risk of presenting patency of PV and EAs.
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Stavreva, Galya, and Radomir Radomirov. "Region-related modular nerve-dependent motor activity in anorectum - cholinergic and nitrergic contribution to rat model." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 72, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2012-1891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Disturbances of enteric nerve-mediated anorectal evacuation mechanisms have medical and social impact. The study aimed at further eliciting the contribution of cholinergic and nitrergic neurotransmission systems to modular nerve networks in different regions of Wistar rat anorectum. Electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.8 ms, 40 V, 2, 5 or 10 Hz, 20 s), computerized mechanographic on-line setup and drugs were used to evaluate the motor responses of isolated rings from circular muscle of rectum (proximal, middle, and distal part), internal anal sphincter, and anal canal. Twitch-like frequency-dependent contractions, more pronounced in rectal preparations, characterized the modular motor responses of rectal circular muscle rings and anal canal. Depending on the frequency of stimulation, the motor activity of internal anal sphincter varied from deep long-lasting relaxation to initial short-lasting relaxation, followed by a contraction. Electrically-evoked responses of anorectal preparations were tetrodotoxin (0.1 microM)-sensitive. In the presence of atropine (0.3 microM) the contractions of rectal rings decreased, relaxation of internal anal sphincter increased and inhibition of the contractions of the anal canal occurred, followed by relaxation. During atropine treatment, NG-nitro-L-arginine (0.5 microM) increased the contractile responses and suppressed internal anal sphincter relaxations. L-arginine (0.5 microM) decreased the contractions and extended the relaxations of internal anal sphincter and anal canal. Our results suggest that cholinergic and nitrergic systems are not equally involved in modular nerve networks of various regions of anorectum. Cholinergic transmission is more expressed in distal rectum, underlying its contractile potency, while nitric oxide-dependent transmission(s) control the relaxation ability of the internal anal sphincter and anal canal.
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Dellavalle, Nicolò. "Patrimonios confinados. Retos del patrimonio inmaterial ante el COVID-19." Arxiu d'Etnografia de Catalunya, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/aec24.230-232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reseña del libro:
Roigé Ventura, Xavier y Canals Ossul, Alejandra (eds.) (2021). Patrimonios confinados. Retos del patrimonio inmaterial ante el COVID-19 (Vol. 25). Barcelona: Edicions Universitat de Barcelona.
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Klinge, Petra M., Abigail McElroy, John E. Donahue, Thomas Brinker, Ziya L. Gokaslan, and Michael D. Beland. "Abnormal spinal cord motion at the craniocervical junction in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos patients." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 35, no. 1 (July 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.10.spine201765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVE The craniocervical junction (CCJ) is anatomically complex and comprises multiple joints that allow for wide head and neck movements. The thecal sac must adjust to such movements. Accordingly, the thecal sac is not rigidly attached to the bony spinal canal but instead tethered by fibrous suspension ligaments, including myodural bridges (MDBs). The authors hypothesized that pathological spinal cord motion is due to the laxity of such suspension bands in patients with connective tissue disorders, e.g., hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). METHODS The ultrastructure of MDBs that were intraoperatively harvested from patients with Chiari malformation was investigated with transmission electron microscopy, and 8 patients with EDS were compared with 8 patients without EDS. MRI was used to exclude patients with EDS and craniocervical instability (CCI). Real-time ultrasound was used to compare the spinal cord at C1–2 of 20 patients with EDS with those of 18 healthy control participants. RESULTS The ultrastructural damage of the collagen fibrils of the MDBs was distinct in patients with EDS, indicating a pathological mechanical laxity. In patients with EDS, ultrasound revealed increased cardiac pulsatory motion and irregular displacement of the spinal cord during head movements. CONCLUSIONS Laxity of spinal cord suspension ligaments and the associated spinal cord motion disorder are possible pathogenic factors for chronic neck pain and headache in patients with EDS but without radiologically proven CCI.
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Koutourousiou, Maria, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, S. Tonya Stefko, Eric W. Wang, Carl H. Snyderman, and Paul A. Gardner. "Endoscopic endonasal surgery for suprasellar meningiomas: experience with 75 patients." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 6 (June 2014): 1326–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.2.jns13767.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Object Following the introduction of the neurosurgical microscope, the outcomes in suprasellar meningioma surgery were dramatically improved. More recently, the neurosurgical endoscope has been introduced as a visualization option during removal of skull base tumors, both transcranially and endonasally. The authors retrospectively reviewed the effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) in the management of suprasellar meningiomas. Methods Between 2002 and 2011, 75 patients (81.3% female) with suprasellar meningiomas underwent EES at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The authors present the results of EES and analyze the resection rates, visual outcome, and complications. Results Seventy-one patients presented with primary tumors, whereas 4 were previously treated elsewhere. Their mean age was 57.3 years (range 36–88 years), and most patients presented with visual loss (81.3%). Tumors occupied the tuberculum sellae (86.7%) and planum sphenoidale (50.7%), with extension into the optic canals in 26.7% (unilateral in 21.3% and bilateral in 5.3%) and the pituitary fossa (9.3%). Gross-total tumor resection (Simpson Grade I) was achieved in 76% of the cases in the whole cohort and in 81.4% of the patients in whom it was the goal of surgery. Tumor location and extension into the optic canals was not a limitation for total resection. Tumor size, configuration, and vascular encasement were significant factors that influenced the degree of resection (p < 0.0001). Vision was improved or normalized in 85.7% of the cases. Visual deterioration following EES occurred in 2 patients (3.6%). Complications included postoperative CSF leaks (25.3% overall, 16.1% in recent years) resulting in meningitis in 4 cases. One patient had an intraoperative injury of the artery of Heubner resulting in associated neurological deficit. Another elderly patient died within 1 month after EES due to cerebral vasospasm and multisystem impairment. No patient developed postoperative cerebral contusions, hemorrhage, or seizures. During a mean follow-up period of 29 months (range 1–98 months), 4 patients have shown recurrence, but only 1 required repeat EES. Conclusions With the goal of gross-total tumor resection and visual improvement, EES can achieve very good results, (comparable to microscopic approaches) for the treatment of suprasellar meningiomas. Avoidance of brain and optic nerve retraction, preservation of the vascularization of the optic apparatus, and wide decompression of the optic canals are the main advantages of EES for the treatment of suprasellar meningiomas, while CSF leaks remain a disadvantage.
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Amaral, Vívian de Carvalho. "Ultrassom microfocado: mais uma arma contra a atrofia vulvovaginal, incontinência urinária e prolapsos genitais?" Jornal Brasileiro de Ginecologia 129, no. 2 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-2019129229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introdução: A frouxidão do canal vaginal, a atrofia da mucosa vulvovaginal (pós-menopausa, pós-parto ou em portadoras de cânceres ginecológicos), a incontinência urinária e os prolapsos genitais estão entre as principais queixas ginecológicas que assombram o universo feminino. A tecnologia do ultrassom microfocado (HIFU), já consagrada na Dermatologia no combate à flacidez, pode ser utilizada internamente ao canal vaginal, visando ao aumento da firmeza desse canal e da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, com consequente melhora dos sintomas femininos associados a essa flacidez. Objetivo: Avaliação da utilização do HIFU intravaginal para tratamento da síndrome da frouxidão, da perda de lubrificação genital por hipoestrogenismo, da incontinência urinária por fraqueza do assoalho pélvico e de prolapsos leves não cirúrgicos. Métodos: Realizaram-se tratamentos de sessão única em cinco pacientes femininas, com idade entre 34 e 60 anos, cada qual com pelo menos uma das seguintes queixas: diminuição de lubrificação, incontinência urinária, prolapso retal e frouxidão do canal vaginal. As pacientes com queixa de incontinência foram orientadas a realizar estudo urodinâmico e exame de urina (elementos anormais e sedimentos – EAS) prévios. Mediu-se a pressão interna do canal vaginal antes e imediatamente depois do tratamento. Além disso, as pacientes responderam a questionários no intuito de avaliar sua satisfação em relação à sua atividade sexual e à queixa inicial que motivou o tratamento, 14 dias após a sua realização. Resultados: Todas as pacientes obtiveram aumento de pelo menos 52% da pressão intravaginal após a aplicação do aparelho. Todas relataram melhora clínica após o tratamento. As queixas relacionadas à frouxidão muscular do canal vaginal e do assoalho pélvico, como diminuição do prazer sexual, incontinência urinária e prolapso retal, foram as que obtiveram maior índice de satisfação – as pacientes relataram melhora de 70% de sua condição inicial. Pacientes com déficit de lubrificação também relataram melhora clínica, porém modesta quando comparada às demais – 30% de acordo com sua avaliação subjetiva. Conclusão: O HIFU, ao promover microcoagulações na lâmina própria, estimula a produção local de colágeno e elastina, além de promover provável remodelamento vascular. Em última análise, ocorre então a melhora da firmeza e da vascularização da área, incrementando o prazer sexual e a lubrificação. Ao atingir a musculatura lisa do canal vaginal e a musculatura do assoalho pélvico, o HIFU promove encurtamento e reestruturação das fibras musculares, melhorando a firmeza muscular e, com isso, deixando o canal vaginal menos flácido. Além disso, sua aplicação ajuda no reposicionamento dos órgãos pélvicos em casos de prolapsos e incontinência urinária.
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Capdeferro, Òscar. "«Els alertadors de corrupció». Conclusions." IDP Revista de Internet Derecho y Política, no. 28 (February 17, 2019): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/idp.v0i28.3198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El 19 de desembre de 2018 va tenir lloc a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya el seminari «Els alertadors de corrupció», dirigit pel doctor Agustí Cerrillo, catedràtic de dret administratiu. Durant la jornada, diversos especialistes principals en la matèria, provinents tant de l’acadèmia com de les agències anticorrupció i la societat civil (per ex., la xarxa X-Net) van debatre i presentar les seves idees sobre els canals de denúncia i la figura de l’alertador de corrupció.
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Távora-Vieira, Dayse, and Stuart Miller. "The Benefits of Using RONDO and an In-the-Ear Hearing Aid in Patients Using a Combined Electric-Acoustic System." Advances in Otolaryngology 2015 (September 28, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/941230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
People with residual hearing in the low frequencies and profound hearing loss in the high frequencies often do not benefit from acoustic amplification. Focus on this group of patients led to the development of the combined electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) systems which can provide users with greater speech perception than can cochlear implant (CI) alone or acoustic hearing alone. EAS users wear a combined speech processor that incorporates a behind-the-ear audio processor that sits with an ear hook on the user’s pinna and a hearing aid, which sits in the ear canal. However, with the introduction of single-unit processors, which combine the audio processor, coil, control unit, and battery pack into a single device that sits on the implant site, therefore off the ear, simultaneous electric (CI) and acoustic (hearing aid) stimulation is not currently possible with a combined processor. To achieve EAS with a single-unit processor, a CI user must also wear a hearing aid. This study seeks to determine if experienced users of combined EAS speech processors could also benefit from using a combination of a single-unit speech processor that sits off the ear and an in-the-ear hearing aid.
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Prada-Gamero, R. M., P. Vidal-Torrado, and T. O. Ferreira. "Mineralogia e físico-química dos solos de mangue do rio Iriri no canal de Bertioga (Santos, SP)." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 28, no. 2 (April 2004): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832004000200002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A influência de condições halomórficas, hidromórficas e sulfato redutoras na mineralogia da fração argila e na geoquímica de três solos de mangue foi estudada no manguezal do rio Iriri. A partir de uma transeção, foram escolhidos três perfis representativos dos solos de mangue da área nos quais foram descritas as condições geoquímicas e sua conseqüência sobre a mineralogia de seus respectivos solos. A análise mineralógica (DRX e EDS) e as condições físico-químicas encontradas revelam a ocorrência de processos de piritização na área de estudo. A assembléia mineralógica está composta tanto por argilominerais alóctones (caulinitas, micas e esmectitas) como por argilominerais autóctones (micas, esmectitas e pirita). A partir de evidências provenientes da DRX e EDS, especula-se a formação de glauconita nestes solos. As condições de halomorfia e hidromorfia determinam valores de Eh e pH sob os quais elementos como Fe2+ e SO encontram-se livres na solução do solo com tendência à estabilidade da pirita (FeS2), favorecendo, portanto, o processo da piritização.
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Kamel, Hossam H., Ahmad G. Serour, and Laila AS Mousa. "Ultrasound Assessment of the Internal Anal Sphincter in Women with Fecal Incontinence and Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse (Rectocele)." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 4 (2011): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Rupture of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) causes its weakness and it will not withstand increases of abdominal pressure, and fecal incontinence (FI) will occur. Recently, we put forward a novel concept on the physiology of defecation. Defecation is divided into two stages: First stage before training and second stage starts at the age of about 2 years, when the mother starts to teach her child how to hold up himself. This is gained by maintaining high alpha-sympathetic tone at the IAS, thus keeping it closed all the time till there is a need to pass stool or flatus, and the time and place are convenient. On defecation, six neuromuscular actions take place under the control of the CNS: (1) The person will relax the external anal sphincter, (2) he will lower the gained high alpha-sympathetic tone at the IAS, thus opening the anal canal, (3) he will relax the pelvic floor muscles bringing the rectum and the anal canal into one axis, (4) the abdominal and diaphragmatic muscles contract to increase the abdominal pressure, (5) the muscles of the distal colon and rectum contract pushing the stool, (6) sequential contractions of the three parts of the external anal sphincter (EAS) that squeeze any residual contents in the anal canal. Thus, the anal canal is closed and empty under normal circumstances. The IAS is a collageno-muscular tissue cylinder that surrounds the anal canal. The IAS is intimately related to the posterior vaginal wall, and the vagina is over stretched in labor, childbirth trauma affects both the posterior vaginal wall and the IAS. Rupture of the collagen sheet of the IAS which causes its weakness is better demonstrated by imaging by 3D US. Normal vagina is a cylinder of collageno-elastic-muscular tissues. Its strong collagen sheet is responsible for keeping it in its normal upward position. Labors cause redundancy and weakness of the vaginal walls with subsequent prolapse; and lacerations of the IAS which is closely related to the posterior vaginal wall leading to FI.
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Iglesias i Estradé, Adolf Maria. "Relació entre l'anàlisi del sentiment, els resultats acadèmics i l'abandonament als entorns virtuals d'aprenentatge." Universitas Tarraconensis. Revista de Ciències de l'Educació 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/ute.2019.1.2622.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les relacions entre els agents educatius s'han desplaçat fins a posar l'alumne al centre del procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge (E-A). En aquest sentit, els sentiments −l'anàlisi dels quals era, fins ara, molt lenta i qualitativa− han esdevingut sempre un mitjà d'expressió important durant aquest procés. El professor ha de ser capaç d'identificar el ritme i l'evolució del coneixement del seu alumne per a adaptar els continguts però també ha de poder identificar el seu estat emocional. Els avantatges que presenten els entorns virtuals d'aprenentatge (EVA) han permès la seva implantació en moltes institucions educatives. Això no obstant, els estudiants en aquests entorns se senten frustrats per la sensació d'aïllament fruit de la manca de relació pròxima amb altres persones. Aquest sentiment pot tenir conseqüències en forma d'abandonament o de baix rendiment. Els entorns virtuals, a més, eliminen molts dels factors que s'utilitzen per a copsar l'estat emocional de les persones. Moltes vegades, l'únic canal de transmissió és la paraula escrita. L'anàlisi del sentiment és una tècnica que es basa en l'aplicació de la intel·ligència artificial als textos en llenguatge natural per a classificar els textos segons les emocions expressades, molt utilitzada amb finalitats d'anàlisi de mercats però amb molt poc desenvolupament als EVA. En aquest treball es demostra que existeix una relació entre les emocions expressades per l'alumnat en els missatges escrits i la tassa d'abandonament dels estudis en un EVA. El resultat assolit ha de servir per a què els tutors puguin quantificar l'estat i l'evolució emocional del grup de forma automàtica per a poder intervenir-hi i afavorir la millora dels sentiments a l'aula amb la finalitat de reduir-ne l'abandonament.
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Sharma, Rohit, Virender Singh, Shailee Jain, and Narzi Parekh. "Successful clinical management of atrophic flabby ridge with liquid supported prosthesis: a case report." Journal of Research in Dentistry 4, no. 5 (July 4, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v4e52016157-160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Severely resorbed ridges with flabby mucosa often poses great challenge for Prosthodontist in providing a complete denture which is functionally acceptable and causes minimal trauma to the underlying tissues. Liquid supported denture can be a permanent solution in edentulous patients with diabetes, xerostomia and atrophied ridge. Liquid-supported dentures will have optimal stress distribution during masticatory function.he aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different lengths of time of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) paste from root canal, using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS).