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1
Butler, J. S., and Peter Jones. "Theoretical and empirical distributions of the p value." METRON 76, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40300-017-0130-2.
2
Hanifah, Risti Ulfi, Eviatiwi Kusumaningtyas Sugiyanto, and Dian Triyani. "INDUSTRY VALUE: EMPIRICAL STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING." Economics and Business Solutions Journal 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/ebsj.v5i2.3493.
Анотація:
<p><em>The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the value of the industry. The independent variables are investment opportunities, dividend policy, financial leverage, profitability. The population in this research is a non-financial industry listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2019. The illustrations for this research were selected using a purposive sampling procedure, and 200 illustrations were taken. Information analysis uses multiple regression procedures. The results of this research show that financial leverage, profitability and an independent board of commissioners affect the value of the industry, on the other hand, investment opportunities do not affect the value of the industry.</em></p>
3
Kung, Liang-Hsi, and Yu-Hua Yan. "Empirical Study on Hospitalist System: A Value Creation Perspective." Healthcare 12, no. 10 (May 7, 2024): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12100953.
Анотація:
This study investigates the impact of hospitalist system awareness, motivation, and behavior on value creation within the healthcare context of Taiwan. As population aging and the prevalence of chronic diseases continue to rise, accompanied by increased medical resource consumption, the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare introduced the hospitalist system. Despite its implementation, the number of participating hospitals remains low. Using a questionnaire survey conducted from October 2021 to March 2022, data were collected from medical teams involved in the hospitalist system. A total of 324 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The results reveal that hospitalist awareness positively influences participation motivation (β = 0.846, p < 0.001), which subsequently impacts participation behavior positively (β = 0.888, p < 0.001). Moreover, participation behavior significantly contributes to value creation (β = 0.869, p < 0.001), along with the direct effect of awareness (β = 0.782, p < 0.001) on value creation. In conclusion, the successful promotion and implementation of the hospitalist system rely heavily on the support and active participation of medical staff. Effective interactions and comprehensive information dissemination are essential for maximizing healthcare value creation.
4
Ratmono, Dwi, and Darsono Darsono. "New public management and corruption: Empirical evidence of local governments in Indonesia." Public and Municipal Finance 11, no. 1 (June 7, 2022): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.11(1).2022.05.
Анотація:
This study is relevant because it examines the determinants of corruption in local governments that have a negative impact on the success of sustainable development. This study aims to examine the effect of New Public Management (NPM), as measured by fiscal decentralization, financial reporting quality and independent audits, on the level of corruption. The sample consisted of 433 local governments in Indonesia based on data from 2011–2017. PLS-SEM was used as a data analysis technique. The results test shows that fiscal decentralization positively affects corruption with a path coefficient of 0.19 and a p-value of 0.004. The quality of financial reporting has a negative effect on the level of corruption with a coefficient of –0.26 and a p-value &lt; 0.001. Hypotheses testing results also show that audit finding positively affects corruption with a coefficient of 0.10 and a p-value &lt; 0.10. On the other hand, follow-up audit results have no significant effect on corruption with a p-value &gt; 0.10. This study concludes that the NPM mechanism in the form of fiscal decentralization positively affects corruption. These results imply that fiscal decentralization needs to be balanced with good governance, among others, by increasing the quality of financial reports and independent audits.
5
Goodman, William M., Susan E. Spruill, and Eugene Komaroff. "A Proposed Hybrid Effect Size Plus p-Value Criterion: Empirical Evidence Supporting its Use." American Statistician 73, sup1 (March 20, 2019): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1564697.
6
Tabansi Okeke, Callistus, Chinwe Ann Anisiobi, and Chinwe Monica Madueke. "Public Debt and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. III (2023): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7309.
Анотація:
This study examined the impact of public debt on economic growth in Nigeria using annual secondary data from 1981 to 2021 and the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag technique. The variables used in the study were real gross domestic product (RGDP), which is the proxy for economic growth, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), external debt (EXDT), exchange rate (EXCR), domestic debt (DODT) and debt service repayment (DSRT). The results of the findings show that the past value of RGDP, GFCF, EXDT and DSRT have positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Also, EXCR and DODT have negative impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Judging from the p values, the lagged value of RGDP, GFCF, EXDT and DSRT are statistically significant as their p values are lower than critical values at 5 percent level of significance, while EXCR and DODT have no significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends that government should formulate and effectively implement policy that would boost domestic revenue generation by broadening the revenue base, improving capacity to tax and curtailing ineffective government spending. Also, borrowed funds should be utilized for the diversification of the productive base of the economy.
7
Bian, N'dri Hubert. "A goodness-of-fit test based on Kendall’s process: Durante's bivariate copula models." Afrika Statistika 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 2851–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/as/2021.2851.187.
Анотація:
The proposed goodness-of-fit testing procedures for copula models are fairly recent. The new test statistics or omnibus tests are functional of an empirical process motivated by the theoretical and empirical versions of Kendall’s or Spearman's dependence function. In this paper, we propose a fitting procedure for a symmetric and flexible copula model with a non-zero singular component using the Kendall process. The conditions under which this empirical process weakly converges are satisfied. Using a parametric bootstrap method that allows to compute approximate p-values, it is empirically shown that tests based on the Cramer-von Mises distance keeps the prescribed value for the nominal level under the null hypothesis. Simulation studies that demonstrate the power of the fit test are presented.
8
Burucuoglu, Murat, and Evrim Erdogan. "An Empirical Examination of the Relation between Consumption Values, Mobil Trust and Mobile Banking Adoption." International Business Research 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n12p131.
Анотація:
<p>The purpose of this study is to examine the relations among consumption values of the consumers relevant to mobile banking services, adoption to mobile banking and mobile trust. For this purpose, we propose a structural model which demonstrates the relations between consumption values, mobile banking adoption and mobile trust of consumers. The data had been collected through survey applied on individuals who are using mobile banking services in Turkey. It had been reached to 175 participants in total. The obtained data had been analyzed by partial least squares path analysis (PLS-SEM) which is known as second generation structural equation modeling. As the result of the research, it had been concluded that the conditional value, emotional value and epistemic value –from among consumption values- have positive and statistically meaningful effect on adoption to mobile banking, and that the social value has negative and statistically meaningful effect. It is being observed that there is positive and statistically meaningful relation in between trust relevant to mobile banking and conditional value, emotional value and functional value. And there are positive and statistically meaningful relations on trust relevant to mobile banking and adoption to mobile banking.</p>
9
Kwon, Gee Jung. "The Value Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility: Focusing on Donation Expenditure." Asian Social Science 12, no. 8 (July 7, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n8p1.
Анотація:
<p>This paper investigates the value relevance of corporate social responsibility. In particular, the paper examines the time lag value relevance of donation expenditure on firm value over the period of 2000–2014 in the listed Korean stock markets. Through empirical analysis, the paper provides evidence that donation expenditure has a significant effect on future firm value.</p><p>The empirical results of this paper support research hypothesis 1 (donation expenses have an effect on firm value) and research hypothesis 2 (donation expenses have a time lag effect on firms’ future value). In particular, the results show that donation expenses have an effect on firm value and the time lag interval is from two to 12 years. These results suggest that donation expenses can be regarded as assets that have potential for firms’ future cash flows.</p><p>The empirical evidence of this paper suggests there should be debate on whether the accounting treatment of donations should be changed in Korean accounting practices. </p>
10
Marsman, Maarten, and Eric-Jan Wagenmakers. "Three Insights from a Bayesian Interpretation of the One-Sided P Value." Educational and Psychological Measurement 77, no. 3 (October 5, 2016): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164416669201.
Анотація:
P values have been critiqued on several grounds but remain entrenched as the dominant inferential method in the empirical sciences. In this article, we elaborate on the fact that in many statistical models, the one-sided P value has a direct Bayesian interpretation as the approximate posterior mass for values lower than zero. The connection between the one-sided P value and posterior probability mass reveals three insights: (1) P values can be interpreted as Bayesian tests of direction, to be used only when the null hypothesis is known from the outset to be false; (2) as a measure of evidence, P values are biased against a point null hypothesis; and (3) with N fixed and effect size variable, there is an approximately linear relation between P values and Bayesian point null hypothesis tests.
11
Prihandanu, Riyan Bagus, and Achmad Baidowi. "Cavitation Prevention for Submarine Propeller with Empirical Method." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 20, no. 3 (June 13, 2023): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v20i3.52960.
Анотація:
Submarines are a component that is taken into account in assessing the security of a country. Many countries have developed their own types of submarines according to technological developments in that country. To be able to move silently underwater, the most important requirement for submarine propellers is low noise generated by these propellers. So the first thing that must be avoided from the emergence of a noise on a submarine is the absence of cavitation when the propeller operates both on the surface and at depth. The cavitation value can be predicted based on the limits from the burril cavitation diagram. The diagram is obtained from cavitation experiments and recorded full-scale cavitation observations over many years. Simulation calculations will be varied by value of P/D, Ae/Ao, Number of blades (Z) and diameter (D). Other components such as advance velocity (Va) and rotation speed (n) of propeller are considered constant or ignored as in Keller's Formula. From the calculation, by adding the expanded area ratio and propeller diameter values can reduce cavitation in the propeller. While the opposite happens, when the propeller pitch value and the number of blades increase, the cavitation value will also increase. If submarine in dive condition the cavitation difficult to appears, because the pressure of the ship when diving conditions will be very high and the cavitation number will be very small.
12
YİĞİT, Mustafa, та Hüseyin DÖNMEZ. "A Systematic Review on (p,α) Cross Section Data at the Energy of 17.9 MeV". Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Dergisi 17, № 2 (25 листопада 2022): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1169140.
Анотація:
Nuclear cross section data are needed in various applications such as radiation therapy, astrophysics, radioisotope production, fusion and fission. The systematics play a very important role in determining cross sections on neutron- and proton-induced reactions at incoming energies of which there are no experimental values. So, empirical systematics have been extensively used at present in the studies on cross section calculations. In this paper, we proposed empirical cross section formulas considering Q–value dependence on (p,α) reactions at proton energy of 17.9 MeV. The present formulas including Coulomb and odd-even effects are based on the statistical theory. In addition, these formulas are a modification to the Levkovskii’s original asymmetry parameter formulas for neutron induced reactions and the Tel et al.’s empirical formulas for proton reactions. Fitting parameters of formulas were determined by least-squares fitting to experimental excitation function data. It is seen that new empirical formulas give good fits with (p,α) experimental cross section values in the literature at 17.9 MeV.
13
Solikhah, Mar’atus, and Dedy Purwito. "Community Preparadness For Earthquake Natural Disasters on Empirical Study." Proceedings Series on Health & Medical Sciences 5 (March 20, 2024): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pshms.v5i.978.
Анотація:
Background: Indonesia is in a region prone to natural disasters, including earthquakes. Earthquakes often result in loss of life and property damage. One of the main factors contributing to a high casualty rate is the lack of knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward disasters and insufficient preparedness to anticipate such events. Method: A quantitative correlation study used a cross-sectional approach. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling, resulting in 16 samples from each educational level (elementary, junior high, high school, and university), totaling 64 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. Results: The characteristics of the respondents of the gender, the most common are men 56.3%, the most common age group is in the 36-45 years old range 45.3%, then in the occupational group the most common are housewives with 26.6%. The study found that the majority of the community had sufficient knowledge (p-value 0.001), good attitudes (p-value 0.029), and sufficient behavior (p-value 0.001) towards earthquake preparedness. This indicates a significant relationship between the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior with preparedness for earthquake natural disasters. Conclusion: Knowledge level, attitude, and behavior influence community preparedness for natural disasters, including earthquakes.
14
Suartini, Sri, and Suparno Padikromo. "Determinants of Corporate Value (Empirical Studies of Manufacturing Sector 2012-2015 BEJ)." AFEBI Economic and Finance Review 2, no. 02 (January 11, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aefr.v2i02.94.
Анотація:
<p><em>The study aims to conduct analysis themselves and provide empirical evidence that independent variable Managerial Ownership, ownership of Instisusional both partian or simultaneous effect on the value of the Corporation. This research uses the approach of kuantitative with a sample of 50 manufacturing companies registered in BEI during 2012-2015 with purposive sampling method. Then technical data analysis done with test statiistik using multiple regression. Research results showed variable Managerial Ownership and Institutional Ownership affect the value of the company. This finding is interesting that increased value of the company's success depends on the ability of the company to the maximum resources to empower and implement company policies that have been defined not by a factor of incentive Manager and supervision of instituonal.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>JEL Classification: </em></strong>G10, G17, G32</p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, The Value of The Company</em>
15
Sitinjak, Ririn, Azhar Azis, Faridah Hanum, and Babby Hasmayni. "Hubungan Antara Kepercayaan Diri Dengan Kecemasan Menghadapi Pertandiangan pada Atlet Bulu Tangkis PB Indocafe di Medan." Jouska: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 2, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jsa.v2i1.1675.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine the relationship between self-confidence and anxiety in facing a match. The scale used in this study is the self-confidence scale and the anxiety scale where the subjects in this study are PB Indocafe badminton athletes in Medan, totaling 30 athletes. The data analysis method used in this study is a purposive sampling technique, so the following results can be obtained: the hypothesis proposed in this study reads "There is a negative correlation between self-confidence and anxiety about facing matches in PB Indocafe Medan athletes". This result is evidenced by the following results: 1. The proposed hypothesis is accepted, meaning that there is a negative relationship between self-confidence and anxiety, where rxy = -0.861 with a significant p = 0.000 0.050. 2. The determinant coefficient (r2) of the relationship between the independent variable X and the dependent variable Y is r2 = 0.742. This shows that self-confidence contributes to anxiety by 74.2%. 3. 3. Based on the comparison of the two values (hypothetical and empirical), it can be stated that self-confidence is high because the hypothetical average value of 87.5 is greater than the empirical average value of 81.00, and anxiety is classified as high because the average value the hypothetical 67.5 is smaller than the empirical mean value of 75.54. 3. Based on the comparison of the two values (hypothetical and empirical), it can be stated that self-confidence is high because the hypothetical average value of 87.5 is greater than the empirical average value of 81.00, and anxiety is high because the hypothetical average value is 67 .5 is smaller than the empirical mean value of 75.54. From the results of this study, the proposed hypothesis is accepted.
16
Damilano, Marina, Nicola Miglietta, Enrico Battisti, and Fabio Creta. "Value Creation and Competitive Advantage: Empirical Evidence from Dividend Champions of the S&P 500." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 12 (November 12, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n12p50.
Анотація:
The aim of the paper is to verify, through the measurement of value creation, the existence of a competitive advantage in those companies recognized as “Dividend Champions” in the S&P 500. The paper uses a quantitative and explorative method of research and is divided into two sections: in the first, it identifies, within the S&P 500, those companies that have systematically, for more than 40 years, distributed dividends that have grown each year (60 firms), and in the second, it gives a comparative analysis of the Return on Invested Capital and Weighted Average Cost of Capital of the analysed firms, in order to investigate the existence of a competitive advantage. The results of our research show that the “Dividend Champions” have, in comparison to their main competitors of reference in the US market, a lasting competitive advantage, in virtue of a higher profitability with respect to the cost of capital. Specifically, we can observe that the “Dividend Champions”, classified by sector, are also “Value Champions”, able to beat competitors and having a lasting competitive advantage
17
Danilov, Sergey V., Lyubov P. Shustova, Galina I. Simonova, and Elena N. Pechenkina. "Developing the value orientations of young educators as a predictor of professional activity." Perspectives of Science and Education 56, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.2.34.
Анотація:
Introduction. According to world statistics, some of the young teachers leave educational organizations. The reason is in the “axiological conflict”: the contradiction between the value orientations of the teacher himself and the values of the education system. The desire to resolve this contradiction determines the purpose of the study: to determine the content and methods of forming the value orientations of young teachers as a predictor of their professional detail. Materials and methods. The theoretical part of the study is based on the analysis and generalization of primary sources on the problem under study. Empirical methods are presented by a formative experiment conducted on the basis of the author's program of additional professional education, aimed at resolving the axiological conflict of young teachers. Value orientations were studied using the methodology of N. A. Samoilik "Diagnostics of the professional and value orientations of the individual". The results were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics (Student's t-test). The study involved teachers of the Kirov region with work experience from 1 to 5 years (N = 161 people). Research results. It has been empirically proven that the program of additional professional education causes positive dynamics in the development of value orientations of novice teachers: in the emotional (the difference between the results of the input and final diagnostics was 2.75 walls), cognitive (2.6), and behavioral (2.3) components. The empirical value for each criterion is tCR = 1.99 at p ≤ 0.05, tCR = 2.64 at p ≤ 0.01. The greatest changes have occurred in such structural components of value orientations as: "values - goals" (3.5), "values - relationships" (2.8) and "values - skills" (2.7). Less changed were "values - qualities" (1.9), "values - result" (2.0) and "values - knowledge" (2.4). Discussion and conclusions. The reasons for the axiological conflict, caused by the contradictions between: the values of the education system and the requirements imposed on it by society, the state and the market, have been determined; "Values-expectations" to the young teacher and his value orientations. The effectiveness of the author's additional professional program in the development of the emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of the value orientations of novice teachers has been proved.
18
Arandjelović, Ognjen. "A more principled use of the p -value? Not so fast: a critique of Colquhoun’s argument." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 5 (May 2019): 181519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181519.
Анотація:
The usefulness of the statistic known as the p -value, as a means of quantifying the strength of evidence for the presence of an effect from empirical data has long been questioned in the statistical community. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the awareness of both fundamental and practical limitations of the statistic within the target research fields and especially biomedicine. In this article, I analyse the recently published article (Colquhoun 2017 R. Soc. open sci. 4 , 171085 ( doi:10.1098/rsos.171085 )) which, in summary, argues that with a better understanding and thus more appropriate use of the statistic, many of the aforementioned limitations can be addressed. In particular, I demonstrate that the (often implicit) premises of this counterargument are questionable, in some cases arguably inconsistent, and that therefore the counterargument provides little if any justification for the continued use of the p -value. Additionally, my analysis should help researchers seeking to interpret their empirical data by illustrating the nuanced nature and the multiplicity of statistical, methodological and epistemological issues which must be considered in this process.
19
Gauchan, Eva, Sahisnuta Basnet, and Kalpana Karmacharya Malla. "FACTORS PREDICTING FAILURE OF EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN NEONATAL SEPSIS IN THE FIRST ONE WEEK OF LIFE." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.324.
Анотація:
Background: World Health Organization recommends ampicillin and gentamicin as empirical antibiotics for treatment of neonatal sepsis. However not all neonates respond to the empirical antibiotics. This study was conducted to find out the risk factors associated with treatment failure to these antibiotics so that alternative antibiotics can be started at the outset to ensure a successful discharge from hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary-level hospital of Western Nepal from January 15 2019 to January 14 2020. Neonates < 7 days old with neonatal sepsis were enrolled into the study. Babies who died or whose antibiotics were changed from the empirical antibiotics to second-line antibiotics within 48 hours were classified as treatment failure. Various parameters were compared between the treatment failure group to the group who did not fail on the empirical antibiotics. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out keeping treatment failure as the dependent variable and various independent variables were identified which predicted the chances of treatment failure. Results: Out of 173 neonates admitted for sepsis, 19 (11%) developed treatment failure. Binary logistic regression analysis found 5 min Apgar <7 (p-value=0.005), need for vasoactive support (p-value= <.001) and culture positivity (p-value= 0.009) correctly predicted treatment failure. Conclusions: In presence of Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, need for vasoactive support and culture positivity, it would be beneficial to start alternative antibiotics according to the local microbiological flora to minimize complications and ensure better outcome.
20
Bah, Abdullah, Andrew Squire, and Edward Thomas. "Empirical Evidence on the Impact of the Banking Sector on the Sierra Leone Economy." Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges 2023, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/eitc.2023.04.02.
Анотація:
The study seeks to assess the impacts of the banking sector on the Sierra Leone economy. The Case study research design was adopted for this study. The Pooled OLS regression Model, Correlation Matrix, and Descriptive Statistics were employed in the study. E-Views was used to analyze the panel data using the Pooled OLS regression data, Descriptive statistics, and the Correlation Matrix. The Pooled OLS econometric result shows that Bank Liquid Reserves to Assets positively correlates with Gross Domestic Product with a coefficient value of 0.8425. It was further revealed that the relationship is highly significant (p-value of 0.0158 and a t-stat of 2.4560. Domestic credit to the Private Sector has a negative relationship with the Gross Domestic Product with a coefficient value of (-0.155367). This relationship was further revealed to be highly insignificant (p-value of 0.7533 and t-stats of -0.3152). The result also shows that Deposit Interest Rates have a positive coefficient value of (2.1040), which is also highly significant (p-value of 0.0013 and t-stats of 3.3050). The study further revealed that the Gross Domestic Product (% of GDP) has a negative relationship with the GDP, with a coefficient value of (-0.2055). It further revealed that the result is highly insignificant (p-value of 0.1383 and t-stats of -1.4944). On the other hand, Interest rate spread has a negative relationship with the Gross Domestic Product with a coefficient value of (- 3.0265). It was further revealed that the relationship is highly significant (pvalue of 0.0000 and t-stats of -4.8611)
21
Usmani, Suada, Javaid Munir, Zulfiqar Ali Buzdar, Tariq Abassi, Zia ul Haq, and Fakhar uz Zaman. "Comparison of Empirical Treatment Versus Advanced Medical Care in Treatment of Burns of Domestic Violence." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 10 (October 30, 2021): 2721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115102721.
Анотація:
Background: Fires and burns incidence are on constant rise. Efforts had been made since very ancient times to curb such debilitating injuries resulting from domestic violence, vitriol incidences, accidents and mishaps. Treating the burns always had been an intricate matter of concern. Since primitive times the treatment modalities had been changed over and over in the search of best available options. Aim: To compare the efficacy of empirical treatment with that of advanced medical care among the victims of burns. Methods: The study comprised of 300 cases of burns presented from January to December 2020 in Accidents and Emergency Department of the Jannah Hospital Lahore for empirical treatment and those managed in the Burn Center of Jannah Hospital Lahore for advanced medical care of burns. Those who have been referred from periphery and could not get advanced medical care or had their wound healed when brought to above set-up were considered as treated as empirically managed burn victims. Results: The comparative analysis of empirical therapy and advanced medical care revealed significant difference when observed among the literacy level and medium of burns with 0.000 value of p. While no significance difference was observed when analysis was carried out for age and gender with a p value of 0.187 and 0.496 respectively. Keywords: Empirical, Advanced Medical Care, Burns, Age, Gender, Literacy level, Medium of Burns
22
Safrudin, Safrudin, Al Ghazali, Yohannes Don Bosco Doho, and Moh Ali. "Enhancement of Work Culture for Quality Lecturer Performance: Empirical Study." AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i3.3319.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of work culture on the performance of lecturers at Poltekes Kemenkes III Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach through survey methods. The population sample is lecturers in four Departments of Health Polytechnic III Jakarta. This study indicates that work culture has a positive and significant influence on the performance of lecturers at Poltekkes Kemenkes III Jakarta. This is concluded because, from the hypothesis, the regression equation is obtained: Y = 50,135 + 0,753 X 1, which means the constant value is 50,135. From these equations, lecturer assignments can be predicted if the work culture values. The value of b = 0.753 means that the lecturer's task performance variable will increase by 75.3% if the work culture value increases by 1%. From the results of statistical tests, there is a significant relationship between workplace culture and the lecturer's task performance (p = 0.000). Moreover, the results of hypothesis testing show that the results of t arithmetic 4.651 are greater than t table 1.99 with a path coefficient of 0.365, stating that Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted.
23
Jha, Anuja, Manju Agrawal, Arvind Neral, Rajesh Hishikar, and Basant Maheshwari. "Escherichia coli as uropathogen: antibiotic susceptibility profiling." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20180655.
Анотація:
Background: Empirically chosen antibiotics based on the local resistance pattern of uropathogens remain the principle treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods: Antibiogram of most frequent uropathogen was determined. Based on the antibiogram result, authors compared effectiveness of drugs recommended for UTI by National centre for disease control (NCDC), India, and assessed age and gender based variability in the effectiveness of these drugs.Results: 1278 urine samples were accounted, of which 405 samples showed significant growth. E. coli was the most common uropathogen (n=146, 36%) followed by enterococcus species (31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Using McNemar’s test authors found that nitrofurantoin (90% sensitivity) was statistically the most effective drug among drugs recommended by NCDC for uncomplicated cystitis. Furthermore, authors used Fisher’s exact test on adults and paediatrics and found that significant difference in effectiveness was observed for nitrofurantoin (p-value <0.001) and cotrimoxazole (p-value 0.034). Using logistic regression, authors found that with age, effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole deteriorate significantly (p-value 0.021 and 0.002 respectively). Additionally, authors observed that cotrimoxazole has significantly better efficacy in males compared to females (p-value 0.022).Conclusions: In accordance with present study, nitrofurantoin can be used as first line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis. Age and gender should be considered while prescribing empirical treatment for UTI. Periodic surveillance should be carried out to identify the on-going pattern of antibiogram to update the guideline for empirical therapy.
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Oakley, William S. "Validating internal electron and proton energy configurations via a theoretical derivation of the mass ratio mp/me." International Journal of Scientific Reports 3, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20171472.
Анотація:
<p><strong>Background:</strong> There are no particle models giving theoretical rest mass energy values for the electron or proton, and their internal energy configurations are unknown. Consequently there is no theoretical basis for the proton/electron rest mass ratio m<sub>p/</sub>m<sub>e</sub>. Previous articles established both electrons and protons consist of quantum loops of the same 6.8MeV base quantum energy, albeit in different relativistic states.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Prior work is extended by considering internal particle energy cross coupling factors to derive detailed theoretical expressions for the internal energy distributions of electrons and protons. These expressions consist of the base quantum energy modified by terms containing only relativistic factors of the fine structure constant, α ~ 1/137. For m<sub>p</sub>/m<sub>e</sub> the base quantum energy cancels and the derived mass ratio is given by the particle’s internal quantum loop relativistic states. The derived mass ratio is compared to the empirical value. Newton’s gravitational constant, G, is calculated from the electron internal energy configuration.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Derived particle energy configurations give proton mass and proton/electron mass ratio values fully consistent with empirical data. The common base quantum loop energy is obtained to 6ppm. Combining particle mass energy expressions gives m<sub>p</sub>/m<sub>e</sub> to ten digits and consistent with the 2014 CODATA value via an expression containing only the fine structure constant. A theoretical value for Newton’s gravitational constant is obtained to an uncertainty of 6ppb. The Hierarchy problem is resolved, and the Planck scale of matter is adjusted. </p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The particle energy configurations are validated by providing particle mass energy values and a proton/electron mass ratio consistent with empirical data. Newton’s G is shown not a natural constant, and misunderstanding its nature gave rise to the Hierarchy problem and an erroneous value for the Planck scale of matter, both now resolved.</p>
25
Hauptman, Lidija, Berislav Žmuk, and Ivana Pavić. "Tax Compliance in Slovenia: An Empirical Assessment of Tax Knowledge and Fairness Perception." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 3 (February 20, 2024): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030089.
Анотація:
Complex tax systems can result in tax evasion, which further impacts the revenues necessary to achieve sustainable development goals. Enhancing taxpayer education, tax knowledge, and tax fairness perception is essential for boosting revenues to support societal sustainability. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of tax knowledge and tax fairness perception within the Slovene taxpayer population, with a specific focus on the differences related to gender and settlement size. Further, the connections between tax knowledge and various aspects of tax fairness were explored. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to assess the statistical significance of gender and settlement size differences and the Kendall’s coefficient of rank to determine the association between the tax knowledge and fairness perception dimensions. The results provide evidence that highlights disparities in tax knowledge between male and female taxpayers (p-value = 0.0116). Additionally, this study demonstrates that settlement size does not significantly impact tax knowledge perception among Slovene taxpayers (p-value = 0.2067). However, tax fairness encompasses various dimensions, and our research reveals no disparities based on gender (p-value = 0.7263) or settlement size (p-value = 0.2786). When assessing the correlation between tax knowledge and tax fairness perception, the results indicate statistically significant but weak correlations in both directions, depending on the specific fairness dimension.
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Hofmann, Bjørn, Samuli I. Saarni, Annette Braunack-Mayer, and Gert Jan van der Wilt. "TO EVALUATE VERSUS TO KNOW THE VALUE OF EVERYTHING." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 28, no. 2 (April 2012): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462312000165.
Анотація:
Kathrin Dengler and Uta Bittner demand a full-fledged philosophy of values in our empirical study of various methods for ethical analysis in health technology assessment (HTA). This may be like putting the classification of disease on hold until the concept of disease is clarified, or postponing the development of health care until the term “health” is clarified. As Dengler and Bittner rightly point out, the term value has many meanings, and as they properly recognize: “[P]hilosophically, the definition of what is meant by ‘a good life’ or ‘well-being’ is a very challenging project.” Hence, it may be a bit over the top to crave that we solve eternal issues in an empirical article on methodology.
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Suwono, Livia Vania, and Sabrina Oktaria Sihombing. "Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty of Fitness Centers: An Empirical Study." Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen 7, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v7i1.5758.
Анотація:
<p>Awareness of healthy lifestyle in society is increasing day by day. Therefore, the fitness centers more motivated to focus on these business opportunities. Hence, it is important for companies to understand how to satisfy consumers to obtain consumer loyalty. Main variables were applied to predict customer loyalties areswitching cost, customer value, physical environment, and customer satisfaction. Data was collected through questionnaires distribution to students at private university in Tangerang. Data then was analyzed to by applying multipleregressionswith SPSS software. The results showed that there are three hypotheses are supported. The hypothesis is the relationship between switching cost and customer value, the relationship between customer value and customer satisfaction, and the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. There is a hypothesis that is not supported, namely the relationship between the physical environment and customer satisfaction. This study also provides a discussion and offers direction for further research.</p><p>Kesadaran akan hidup sehat dalam masyarakat semakin meningkat. Oleh karenaitu, perusahaan-perusahaan pusat kebugaran termotivasi untuk focus pada peluang bisnis ini. Dengan demikian, pemahaman akan kepuasan konsumen yang dapat menjadikan konsumen semakin loyal adalah penting bagi perusahaan. Penelitian ini focus pada variable biaya perpindahan, nilai yang diterima konsumen, lingkungan fisik, dan kepuasan konsumen dalam memprediksi loyalitas konsumen. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner pada mahasiswa di sebuah universitas swasta. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga hipotesis yang didukung. Hipotesis tersebut adalah hubungan antara biaya perpindahan dan nilai yang diterima konsumen, hubungan antara nilai yang diterima konsumen dan kepuasan konsumen, dan hubungan antara kepuasan konsumen dan loyalitas konsumen. Terdapat satu hipotesis yang tidak didukung, yaitu hubungan antara lingkungan fisik dan kepuasan konsumen. Penelitian ini menyampaikan pembahasan dan arah atas penelitian selanjutnya.</p>
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Stive, Marcel, Liang Ji, Ronald L. Brouwer, Co Van de Kreeke, and Roahanka Ranasinghe. "EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INLET CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AND TIDAL PRISM: A RE-EVALUATION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.86.
Анотація:
The well-known empirical relationship between the equilibrium cross-sectional area of tidal inlet entrances (A) and the tidal prism (P), first developed by O’Brien (1931), has been extensively reviewed. Our theoretical investigations indicate that a unique A-P relationship should only be expected for clusters of inlets that are phenomenological similar (i.e. fairly similar hydrodynamic and morphological conditions), and that the exponent q in the A-P relation should be larger than 1. However, relevant published data available to date do not clearly support this theoretical finding. A re-analysis of the available data sets by Stive et al. (2009) indicated that they may not be sufficiently reliable to verify our theoretical finding with regard to q>1 due to the violation of the condition of phenomenological similarity, and possibly also due to violating the initial definitions given by O’Brien (1931) in estimating the tidal prism. The resolution of this issue is important because slightly different values of q result in significantly variable values for the equilibrium cross-sectional area of the tidal entrance. This may have significant implications in determining the true stable equilibrium entrance cross-sectional area. Here we present a re-analysis of the available data with a focus on determining the phenomenological dependencies of the A-P relationship. The available A-P data from the US Pacific, Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Jarrett, 1976 and Powell, 2003) have been re-scrutinized and categorized following the above mentioned phenomenological similarity criteria, viz. similar tidal range, similar sediment size, similar littoral transport and similar hydraulic radius. All together, some 20 different categories were considered and A-P relationships were obtained for each category. Generally, high correlations were found between the stable inlet predicted by each A-P relationship and the corresponding data. However, only in a limited number of categories were they significantly better than the correlations for the complete datasets. Finally, we point out that only in a number of categories the q value associated with the A-P relationship exceeded unity as suggested by the theoretical derivations. In the majority of categories the q value associated with the A-P relationship does not exceed unity. This is truly disappointing, and we have no physical explanation for this and consider this issue unresolved.
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Allan, Lorraine G. "The Location and Interpretation of the Bisection Point." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 55, no. 1b (February 2002): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724990143000162.
Анотація:
In atemporal bisectiontask with humans, the observer is required to decide whether a probe duration (t) is more similar to the short referent (S), an R S response, or to the long referent (L), an R L response. Temporal bisection yields a psychometric function relating the proportion of long responses, P(R L), to probe duration t. The value of t at which R S and R L occur with equal frequency, P(RL) =.5, is referred to as the bisection point, T 1/2. Bisection models usually interpret T 1/2 as identifying the value of t that is equally confusable with S and L, but they differ in their predictions for the location of T 1/2. The present paper presents new data relevant to the location and interpretation of T 1/2. The data indicate that the empirical values usually are biased, the biases being influenced by duration range, L:S ratio, and probe spacing. Moreover, the biases often are not consistent across observers. It is concluded that empirical values of T 1/2 should not be interpreted as indicating the value of t that is equally confusable with S and L.
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Blanco, Rafael, José Suazo, JoséLuis Santos, Hernán Carreño, Hernán Palomino, and Lilian Jara. "No Evidence for Linkage and Association between 4q Microsatellite Markers and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Chilean Case-Parents Trios." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 3 (May 2005): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/03-160.1.
Анотація:
Objective Nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCLP) has the characteristics of a complex genetic trait. Linkage and association studies have suggested that one or more clefting loci may be located on chromosome 4q. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible linkage and association due to linkage disequilibrium between five microsatellite markers located on 4q28 to 4q33 and NSCLP, using the case-parent trio design. Subjects and Methods A total of 56 Chilean families (32 simplex and 24 multiplex) were recruited. Microsatellite markers were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction with fluorescent-labeled forward primers, followed by electrophoresis on a laser-fluorescent sequencer. Case-parents trios were ascertained to assess linkage and linkage disequilibrium through a multistage procedure. Transmission disequilibrium tests for multiple alleles were carried out to assess the statistical significance of 4q28 to 4q33 microsatellite markers. Results Only weak evidence for linkage was obtained for the FGA marker (asymptotic uncorrected p value = .08 and empirical p value = .05). Only the FGA and UCP1 markers were selected for association analysis in trios, with unrelated cases achieving a nearly significant result for the UCP1 marker (asymptotic uncorrected p value = .07 and empirical p value = .19). Conclusion Though the FGA and UCP1 markers showed nearly significant p values for linkage and association, respectively, the results of the present study provided insufficient evidence of the existence of a major susceptibility locus in the 4q region that was analyzed in the present study.
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Ferguson, John, and Joseph Chang. "An empirical Bayesian ranking method, with applications to high throughput biology." Bioinformatics 36, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz471.
Анотація:
Abstract Motivation In bioinformatics, genome-wide experiments look for important biological differences between two groups at a large number of locations in the genome. Often, the final analysis focuses on a P-value-based ranking of locations which might then be investigated further in follow-up experiments. However, this strategy may result in small effect sizes, with low P-values, being ranked more favorably than larger more scientifically important effects. Bayesian ranking techniques may offer a solution to this problem provided a good prior distribution for the collective distribution of effect sizes is available. Results We develop an Empirical Bayes ranking algorithm, using the marginal distribution of the data over all locations to estimate an appropriate prior. In simulations and analysis using real datasets, we demonstrate favorable performance compared to ordering P-values and a number of other competing ranking methods. The algorithm is computationally efficient and can be used to rank the entirety of genomic locations or to rank a subset of locations, pre-selected via traditional FWER/FDR methods in a 2-stage analysis. Availability and implementation An R-package, EBrank, implementing the ranking algorithm is available on CRAN. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Ramos Silva, Alice, Luis Phillipe Nagem Lopes, Fernando Fernandez-Llimos, and Elisangela Costa Lima. "Empirical antimicrobial therapy based on active surveillance cultures in ICU patients." REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v13i2.1379.
Анотація:
Objective: To assess the predictive value of prior carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) colonization established in surveillance cultures for subsequent infection by these pathogens in ICU patients. Methods: A cohort study was performed with patients admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 48 h. Negative and positive predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of surveillance cultures in CRAB and CRPA were measured. Results: 693 infected patients were included. Patients previously colonized by CRAB and CRPA were more likely to be infected by these pathogens: adjusted OR: 10.34 (6.58 - 16.45; p < 0.001) and 2.30 (3.88 - 10.26; p < 0.001), respectively. We found high negative predictive values of surveillance cultures for CRAB (87.18%) and CRPA (88.30%) and high specificity 91.96% and 90.13%, respectively. Conclusions: Patients not colonized by CRAB and CRPA were less prone to infection by these pathogens. These findings may contribute to the choice of empirical antimicrobial therapy and discourage the prescription of antibiotics against these pathogens in patients without previous colonization.
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Handika, Rangga, and Dony Abdul Chalid. "The predictive power of log-likelihood of GARCH volatility." Review of Accounting and Finance 17, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-01-2017-0006.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the best statistical model also corresponds to the best empirical performance in the volatility modeling of financialized commodity markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors use various p and q values in Value-at-Risk (VaR) GARCH(p, q) estimation and perform backtesting at different confidence levels, different out-of-sample periods and different data frequencies for eight financialized commodities. Findings They find that the best fitted GARCH(p,q) model tends to generate the best empirical performance for most financialized commodities. Their findings are consistent at different confidence levels and different out-of-sample periods. However, the strong results occur for both daily and weekly returns series. They obtain weak results for the monthly series. Research limitations/implications Their research method is limited to the GARCH(p,q) model and the eight discussed financialized commodities. Practical implications They conclude that they should continue to rely on the log-likelihood statistical criteria for choosing a GARCH(p,q) model in financialized commodity markets for daily and weekly forecasting horizons. Social implications The log-likelihood statistical criterion has strong predictive power in GARCH high-frequency data series (daily and weekly). This finding justifies the importance of using statistical criterion in financial market modeling. Originality/value First, this paper investigates whether the best statistical model corresponds to the best empirical performance. Second, this paper provides an indirect test for evaluating the accuracy of volatility modeling by using the VaR approach.
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Popovych, Ihor, Olena Blyskun, Inesa Hulias, Vitalii Shcherbyna, Nataliia Batasheva, Mariia Aleksieieva, and Tetiana Chala. "Psychological Semantic Parameters of Adolescents’ Conformism in the Measurement of Value Orientations." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 13, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.2/416.
Анотація:
The aim is to theoretically substantiate and empirically study the psychological semantic parameters of conformism of adolescence and to establish the relationship with values. Value orientations as an important regulatory mechanism of personality behavior are revealed. Conformism is interpreted through social desirability as the individual’s desire for positive and constructive interaction, exchange with society, during which the individual obeys the latter, presenting himself in a favorable light. It is noted that young people often change their values under the pressure of “significant others” and society, presenting themselves in a favorable light, implementing conformal behavior. It is established that conformism correlates with value orientations (p<.01; p<.05). It is noted that respondents with a high level of conformism are characterized by a change in values under the influence of the environment and people with low levels – this trend is not observed. It has been studied that in adolescence there is a shift in the orientation of the individual from focusing on other people to focusing on their own meanings and values. It is determined that a person with a high level of conformism can neglect his own values, and therefore change his own behavior, which can be regarded as a “challenge to the environment”. It is offered to apply the received empirical results in training and to implement in educational and professional preparation of students-psychologists.
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Said, Jamaliah, Md Mahmudul Alam, Nik Herda Nik Abdullah, and Nur Nadiah Zulkarnain. "Risk Management and Value Creation: Empirical Findings from Government Linked Companies in Malaysia." Review of European Studies 8, no. 2 (March 29, 2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n2p124.
Анотація:
<p>This study is an attempt to assess the status of current level of value creation among the Government Linked Companies (GLCs) in Malaysia. This study collected primary data based on a set of questionnaire survey among 134 executives and managers of GLCs in Malaysia. The data were collected based on opinions of the ten factors of value creation practices by using the five-point Likert scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Further, the reliability of the data was tested using Cronbach’s alpha test, the validity of the data was tested by checking the normality test through skewness and kurtosis, and the consistency of the data was tested using factor analysis. On an average, 80.6% of the respondents agreed that they focus on these factors of value creation. Overall, the federal owned GLCs place more emphasis on certain elements of value creation than the state owned GLCs. Among the elements of value creation, the state owned GLCs emphasize the most on quality development and brand value creation, where the federal owned GLCs emphasized the most on reputation. The GLCs engaged in service sector emphasized the most on brand value and the GLCs engaged in manufacturing sector emphasized the most on customer satisfaction and quality development. This study suggest that GLCs in Malaysia improve the overall value creation by emphasizing on responsiveness, average return on investment, sales growth, profit growth and average return on sales.</p>
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Denburg, Avram. "Social values and cancer funding priorities: Empirical evidence for cancer policy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18352-e18352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18352.
Анотація:
e18352 Background: Achieving value in health care requires knowledge of public values and priorities. To better understand public values for resource allocation on cancer care, we conducted a population-based stated preference survey with a nested randomized controlled moral reasoning intervention. Our objective was to generate evidence to inform economic evaluation and policymaking on cancer care priority-setting and payment reform in developed health systems. Methods: We conducted a population-based stated preference survey of societal views on the prioritization of health resources between children and adults, administered to a nationally representative sample (n = 1,556) of Canadian adults. Allocative preferences were elicited across a range of hypothetical treatment scenarios and scored on a visual analogue scale. Participants were randomized to a moral reasoning intervention (n = 773) or a control group (n = 783). Those randomized to the intervention group were exposed to a moral reasoning exercise prior to each choice task. The exercise presented participants with a list of ethical principles relevant to health care resource allocation and tasked them to select the top principles guiding their choice. The main outcomes were the difference in mean preference scores by group, scenario, and participant demographics. Results: Multiple regression analyses demonstrated a consistent aggregate preference by participants to allocate scarce health system resources to children. Exposure to the moral reasoning exercise weakened but did not eliminate allocative preference for children, as compared to control (difference 0.72, SE 0.14, p < 0.0001). Younger respondent age (-0.71, SE 0.14, p < 0.0001) and parenthood (-0.40, SE 0.11, p < 0.0002) were associated with greater preference for children. The top three principles guiding participants’ allocative decisions were treat equally (54.3-63.9%), relieve suffering (39.6-66.1%), and rescue those at risk of dying (37-40.8%). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a significant preference by participants to allocate health care resources to children, but one attenuated by exposure to a range of ethical principles to guide decision-making. It also evinced strong support for humanitarian principles to guide health care resource allocation. Definitions of value in health care based primarily on the magnitude of clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness may exclude moral considerations that the public values.
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Beh, Eric, and Wang Ting-Wu. "On the P-value for Members of the Cressie-Read Family of Divergence Statistics." Austrian Journal of Statistics 52, no. 5 (September 11, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v52i5.1607.
Анотація:
A few years ago a paper appeared in this Journal that proposed a closed-form approximation of the p-value for Pearson's chi-squared statistic. Extensive empirical and simulation studies were performed and it was shown that the approximation provides very accurate p-values when compared with what we considered to be the ``true'' p-value (obtained using a base R function). It is important to note, however, that Pearson's chi-squared statistic is a special case of the Cressie-Read family of divergence statistics as is, for example, the log-likelihood ratio statistic, the Freeman-Tukey statistic and the Cressie-Read statistic. Therefore, this paper adapts the previously published closed form approximation of the p-value by demonstrating its applicability to any member of the Cressie-Read family of divergence statistics. We also give two further closed form approximations and assess their accuracy by analysing three contingency tables of varying sample size, degrees of freedom and statistical significance of the association.
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Sousa, Juliana Moraes de, and Juliana Barreiros Porto. "Happiness at Work: Organizational Values and Person-Organization Fit Impact." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 25, no. 61 (August 2015): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272561201509.
Анотація:
Despite the large quantity of research on person-organization (PO) fit, there is a lack of empirical research using axiological theories applicable to the value structure at the individual and organizational levels. In this study, we incorporated the PO fit literature, Schwartz’ values theory and Warr’s vitamin analogy to evaluate the effect of values’ PO fit on happiness at work. Using a sample of 145 questionnaires collected in a military organization, data analyses were performed using hierarchical quadratic regressions and surface analysis of polynomial regressions, conducted at an individual level. Individual values moderated the curvilinear relationship between organizational values and happiness at work (R2 = .25; p < .01). Additionally, agreement between higher levels of values promoted higher levels of happiness at work (.07 ≥ R2 ≤ .18; p < .05). We concluded that axiological PO fit affects happiness at work and provide empirical support for Warr’s vitamin analogy.
39
Cui, Xia, Runze Li, Guangren Yang, and Wang Zhou. "Empirical likelihood test for a large-dimensional mean vector." Biometrika 107, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asaa005.
Анотація:
Summary This paper is concerned with empirical likelihood inference on the population mean when the dimension $p$ and the sample size $n$ satisfy $p/n\rightarrow c\in [1,\infty)$. As shown in Tsao (2004), the empirical likelihood method fails with high probability when $p/n>1/2$ because the convex hull of the $n$ observations in $\mathbb{R}^p$ becomes too small to cover the true mean value. Moreover, when $p> n$, the sample covariance matrix becomes singular, and this results in the breakdown of the first sandwich approximation for the log empirical likelihood ratio. To deal with these two challenges, we propose a new strategy of adding two artificial data points to the observed data. We establish the asymptotic normality of the proposed empirical likelihood ratio test. The proposed test statistic does not involve the inverse of the sample covariance matrix. Furthermore, its form is explicit, so the test can easily be carried out with low computational cost. Our numerical comparison shows that the proposed test outperforms some existing tests for high-dimensional mean vectors in terms of power. We also illustrate the proposed procedure with an empirical analysis of stock data.
40
Aladwan, Mohammad, Omar Alsinglawi, Omar M. Alhawatmeh, and Mohammad Almaharmeh. "Corporate Financial Performance and the Intervening Role of Energy Operating Costs: The Case of Jordanian Electricity Sector." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 5 (September 16, 2023): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14591.
Анотація:
This paper analyzes the impact of financial performance reported data on market value. The study was conducted on electricity companies for the period 2011 to 2021. The study also empirically analysis the intervening role for oil and gas as operating costs on this relationship. The empirical analysis involved testing the direct effect for company size (TA), profitability (ROE), debt (DR), liquidity (CR) and oil and gas price (OG-P) as independent variables on market value measured by price to book value (P-BV) as dependent variable. Several statistical test were used in the study comprise correlation, simple and multiple regression through Ordinary Least Square (OLS) in order to verify the effect of independent and mediating variables on the dependent variable. The main findings based on correlation, simple and multiple regression can be summarized as follows: independent variables namely ROE, CR and the mediating variable OG-P were found statistically significant and justified the change in market value; other factors TA and DR failed to prove any effect on market value of companies. The oil and gas costs confirmed their impact on market value as single variables effect and joint variable effect.
41
Nwaogbe, Obioma, Adebayo Monday, and Huwa Wokili-Yakubu. "An empirical study of air transport demand forecast in Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics 8, no. 1 (May 5, 2023): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/jsdtl.2023.8-1.1.
Анотація:
The aim of the study is to estimate the air travel demand forecast of domestic passengers’ travels in Nigeria from 2002-2016. Data wesourced from Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, and Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria. The study utilized multiple regressions model using Stata-Graphic software solver to analyze the data. From the analysis, the result shows that there is significant relationship between the explanatory variable (passengers) and unexplanatory variables National Disposable Income, Population, Average Airfare, Gross Domestic Product, Exchange Rate, Total Expenditure, and Crude oil price, accounted for adjusted R of 93.624% relationship with demand for domestic air travel of passenger. The R-square statistic shows that the fitted model explains the variability in Number of passenger (NPAX) which is 96.8124%. The Hypothesis testing reveals that National Disposable Income and Air fare have strong statistically significant relationship with the demand for domestic air travel with P-value of 0.0013. Moreso, there is statistically significant relationship for National Disposable Income, Average Airfare, and Crude oil price with P-value of 0.0017 and 0.0445 respectively. Furthermore, forecast of the number of passengers and average airfare was carried out using ARIMA (1,0,0) model which made available the future predicted values for the number of passenger movement and average airfare for the next 10-12 years to come. Thus, the study recommends that stakeholders in the air transport sector should work towards improving the capacity and infrastructure to accommodate the growth of air travel demand for domestic air travel in Nigeria. Policy implications were made on how to regulate the sector by having a good pricing policy to control the air fare for the industry.
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P, Vinupritha, Hariharan M, Kathirvelu D, and Chinnadurai S. "ESTIMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN A1C USING THE COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT MEASURES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19407.
Анотація:
Objective: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder occurring either due to the inadequate secretion of insulin or ineffective utilization of insulin by the body. The study was aimed to identify the variations of the complete blood count (CBC) parameters among the diabetic and normal individuals and to derive an empirical formula to estimate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of an individual using CBC parameters.Methods: A total of 83 subjects (mean age: 52.8±9.0 years) involved in the study, among which 39 (mean age: 49.1±8.8 years) were normal and 44 (mean age: 56±7.8 years) were diabetic. The blood was drawn from the participants and was subjected to CBC analysis using automated hematology analyzer. The stepwise linear regression model was used to determine the empirical formula to estimate HbA1c using the CBC parameters. The Student’s t-test was performed to identify the group differences.Results: A negative correlation was observed for Hb (r=−0.35**, p<0.001) and packed cell volume (PCV) (r=−0.23**, p<0.05) against HbA1c. The CBC parameters Hb, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PCV, red blood cells count, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular Hb exhibited a statistically significant difference at the level (p<0.05) between the normal and diabetic groups. The empirically derived formula yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy measures of 91%, 49%, 67%, 83%, and 71%, respectively, in diagnosing diabetes based on the estimated HbA1c.Conclusion: The empirical formula derived to estimate HbA1c could be useful in the prediction of diabetes with an appreciable accuracy.
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Susanti, Rina, and Rahayu Triastity. "Empirical Study Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Risiko Sistematis Saham Industri Halal pada Jakarta Islamic Index Tahun 2017-2019." RESEARCH FAIR UNISRI 5, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33061/rsfu.v5i1.4615.
Анотація:
Penelitian ini berjudul “Empirical Study Faktor-Faktor Fundamental yang Mempengaruhi Risiko Sistematis Saham Industri Halal Pada Jakarta Islamic Index Tahun 2017-2019.” Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga puluh saham syariah paling likuid yang yang terindeks pada Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), sedangkan pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purphosive sampling yaitu pemilihan sampel berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Metodologi penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) uji asumsi klasik (uji autokorelasi, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, dan uji normalitas), 2) analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa leverage (X1) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko sistematis saham (Y) dengan nilai p value sebesar sebesar 0,002 < 0,05, likuiditas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko sistematis saham (Y) dengan nilai p value sebesar sebesar 0,001 < 0,05, suku bunga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko sistematis saham (Y) dengan nilai p value sebesar sebesar 0,005 < 0,05, inflasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko sistematis saham (Y) dengan nilai p value sebesar sebesar 0,000 < 0,05.
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Rosalia, Ayuni Dita, Patiha Patiha, and Eddy Heraldy. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE REACTION WITH IODIDE IN ACID CONDITION." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.11.1.109.72-80.
Анотація:
<p>This research aimed to find out I<sup>-</sup> reaction order in the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide reaction with iodide in acid condition, to find out the form of rate law, and to show the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction. The experiment for determining reaction order was carried out with isolation method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The order reaction was obtained from the <em>r</em> value approaching one, the results of its linear regression. The form of rate law was viewed from the presence or absence of oxygen gas. Meanwhile the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction was determined by observing the pH value in 60 minutes.</p><p>The result of experiment shows that the mechanism of reaction has rate law in the form of fraction, in which I<sup>-</sup> could be in zero and first orders. In addition, the rate law in this experimental condition is not an addition in the absence of O<sub>2</sub> and relatively equal <em>k</em><sub>obs</sub> value in the same order. The role of H<sup>+ </sup>is observed not as catalyst, but reactant.</p>
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Rosalia, Ayuni Dita, Patiha Patiha, and Eddy Heraldy. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE REACTION WITH IODIDE IN ACID CONDITION." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v11i1.109.
Анотація:
<p>This research aimed to find out I<sup>-</sup> reaction order in the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide reaction with iodide in acid condition, to find out the form of rate law, and to show the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction. The experiment for determining reaction order was carried out with isolation method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The order reaction was obtained from the <em>r</em> value approaching one, the results of its linear regression. The form of rate law was viewed from the presence or absence of oxygen gas. Meanwhile the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction was determined by observing the pH value in 60 minutes.</p><p>The result of experiment shows that the mechanism of reaction has rate law in the form of fraction, in which I<sup>-</sup> could be in zero and first orders. In addition, the rate law in this experimental condition is not an addition in the absence of O<sub>2</sub> and relatively equal <em>k</em><sub>obs</sub> value in the same order. The role of H<sup>+ </sup>is observed not as catalyst, but reactant.</p>
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Bokova, Olga A., and Anatoly A. Veryaev. "Subjective perception of inequality and injustice by schoolchildren and students: experience of empirical research." Perspectives of Science and Education 56, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.2.23.
Анотація:
Introduction. In modern society, quite a lot of attention is paid to the development of young people, and therefore it seems relevant to study the various parameters of its public mood associated with the perception of inequality and injustice. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of an empirical study aimed at studying the perception of inequality and injustice by schoolchildren and students. Materials and methods. Empirical data are obtained using various standardized methodologies aimed at identifying certain parameters of human development that are significant for the specific perception of inequality and injustice. The results of using the Kullback-Leibler measure to determine the frequency of words related to the understanding of inequality and injustice are presented. The study sample consists of 677 people: students 334 people aged 18 to 23 years old, high school students 343 respondents, aged 14 to 17 years old. Research results. The results of the correlation analysis showed a high (p r ≥ 0.8-0.9) and an average level of reliability of the correlation relationship (p r ≥ 0.5 - 0.7) with both negative and positive values between the various parameters we have chosen methods: various aspects of social frustration are negatively associated with positive coping strategies, optimism and fairness (in the range r=0.92 - 0.52; p≤ 0.01); various aspects of justice with positive expectations, seeking social support, respect for others - self-respect, achievement of results (range r= 0.98 - 0.77; p≤ 0.01); verbal aggression with a negative value r= -0.84 - 0.67; p≤ 0.01. We consider these values continuum: the relationship of justice with positive parameters gives grounds for understanding that in situations of injustice they will acquire a negative value. Three significant factors have been identified that give an idea of the parameters that affect the perception of inequality and injustice by modern schoolchildren and students. Factor load matrix after rotation Promax (PCA) with values from r = 0.5 to p r = 0.9. The correlation coefficient was calculated for the confidence level p≤ 0.01. The results of calculations for verifying personal ideas about inequality and injustice and highlighting their features against the background of statistical data range from 250 to 450 units. frequency distribution density. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that there are certain cognitive, emotional, behavioral and social parameters associated with the perception of inequality and injustice by schoolchildren and students. An important result has been obtained, which consists in the fact that words with a positive emotional connotation correspond, on average, to high frequencies of the use of words recorded by the respondents.
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Lastri, Surna, Heru Fahlevi, Yossi Diantimala, and Ridwan. "Mediation role of management commitment on improving fraud prevention in primary healthcare: Empirical evidence from Indonesia." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.39.
Анотація:
Fraud in primary healthcare (PHC) is an important and relevant topic to study because of its impact on the state in terms of financial losses and a decrease in the quality of PHC. This study is also relevant because previous studies that formulate a model and measure fraud prevention comprehensively are still limited. It aims to examine the mediating role of management commitment on the effect of apparatus competence and internal control system on fraud prevention. The sample comprises 78 PHCs and 234 senior managers as respondents in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Data for this study were collected using questionnaires from March to July 2021. Structural equation modeling was used to examine a causal relationship between the variables. The result shows that apparatus competence and internal control system positively affect management commitment and fraud prevention with p-value 0.000 (p &gt; 0.01). Likewise, management commitment has a positive effect on fraud prevention with p-value 0.000 (p &gt; 0.01). The findings show that management commitment mediates the relationship between the internal control system and fraud prevention. At the same time, the apparatus competence does not directly affect fraud prevention. The practical significance of this study is the importance of implementing an effective internal control system and high management commitment as a mediating variable for fraud prevention. AcknowledgmentsThe authors are very thankful to the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh, which has supported this study, and all those who have contributed to this investigation.
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Mark, Oluwaseun, Anthony Ede, Chinwuba Arum, and Kayode Jolayemi. "Empirical Modeling of High-Performance Self-Compacting Concrete with Induction-Furnace Slag." Civil and Environmental Engineering 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 440–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2024-0034.
Анотація:
Abstract This study led to the creation of empirical models of the properties of high-performance self-compacting concrete (HPSCC) with inductionfurnace slag (IFS) added as an extra cementitious ingredient. The ingredients were Portland cement, IFS ranging from 0 to 50% by cement weight, granite, river sand, water, and superplasticizer. Using a slump flow test, the filling-ability property of the newly produced HPSCC was investigated. Similarly, a compressive strength test was used to determine the hardened HPSCC's compressive strength. Using already established scientific ideas, the empirical model of the filling-ability characteristic of the fresh HPSCC was generated, on the basis of the slump flow and the volume of the paste of the fresh concrete. Likewise, the empirical model of the compressive strength of the hardened HPSCC was generated, based on the combination of the parameters of the strength developed over time, with the strength developed, due to the addition of the IFS. Based on these, the empirical model of the fillingability property of the fresh HPSCC was ρ r s f 2 = 0.002 ( 1 - V P ) - 11.34 {{{\rho _r}} \over {{s_f}^2}} = 0.002{\left( {1 - {V_P}} \right)^{ - 11.34}} , while that of the compressive strength of the hardened HPSCC was f c ( t ) = t 4.52 + 0.78 t ( − 0.0109 ( P i f s ) 2 + 0.2632 P i f s + 52.446 ) {f_c}\left( t \right) = {t \over {4.52 + 0.78t}}\left( { - 0.0109{{\left( {{P_{ifs}}} \right)}^2} + 0.2632{P_{ifs}} + 52.446} \right) . The empirical models were then validated using test data from this work. Strong links between the measured and the predicted values were identified by the empirical correlations, where the coefficient of determination (R2) value for the filling ability property, gave above 94% and the R2 value for the compressive strength, gave above 86%. The estimated slump flow and the compressive strength were approximately equal to the experimental values. The outcomes demonstrated that IFS may be utilized to produce an eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable HPSCC. The models can be adopted in designing HPSCC containing IFS as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and in predicting its filling-ability and compressive strength, which will benefit the construction industry.
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Tarigan, Evi Malinda, and Azhar Azis. "Hubungan Religiutas dengan Kebahagiaan pada Remaja di Panti Asuhan Betlehem Bandar Baru." Jouska: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jsa.v1i1.1102.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine and empirically test the relationship between religiosity and adolescent happiness at the Bethlehem Orphanage in Bandar Baru. The type of research used in this study is a quantitative approach. The population is 82 teenagers at the Bethlehem Orphanage in Bandar Baru. The number of samples in this study were 82 people. The sampling technique used is the total sampling technique. Both scales use a Likert scale. The religiosity scale is based on aspects that affect religiosity according to Glock Strack (in Marza, 2006), namely: Religious practice, Religious belief, Religious knowledge, Religious feeling, Religious effect. The happiness scale is based on aspects according to Seligman et al. (2005), namely: Establishing positive relationships with others, Full involvement, Finding meaning in everyday life, Optimistic, but still realistic, Being a resilient person. Based on the results of the analysis using the r Product Moment correlation analysis method, it is known that there is a positive relationship between religiosity and happiness, where rxy = 0.522 with a significant p = 0.000 0.050. This means that the proposed hypothesis is accepted. The determinant coefficient (r2) of the relationship between the independent variable X and the dependent variable Y is r2 = 0.272. This shows that religiosity contributes to happiness by 27.2%. Based on the results of the calculation of the hypothetical and empirical average values, it can be concluded that religiosity is high with a hypothetical mean value of 90 and an empirical mean of 99.69. Furthermore, it can also be concluded that happiness is classified as high with a hypothetical value of 100 and an empirical value of 113, 88.
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Samoylik, N. A. "Value Profile of Convicted Women Demonstrating Different Levels of Legal Consciousness." Psychology and Law 13, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130402.
Анотація:
<p style="text-align: justify;">The article presents the results of the empirical study of the value profile of convicted women demonstrating different levels of legal consciousness. The study was conducted in 2020-2022 on the basis of correctional institutions located in Siberian Federal District. The sample of the study was made up of 1029 convicted women aged 20 to 35 years serving their sentences for the first time. The diagnostic complex included the following techniques: “The Test of Legal and Civil Consciousness” (L.A. Yasyukova), “Differential Scale of Actual Values” (N.A. Samoylik), “The Test of Life Orientations” (D.A. Leontiev). It is empirically proved that the situational value profile of women with legal nihilism is characterized by humanity, optimism, understanding of labor prestige, as well as by a low level of justice and predominance of temporary perspectives presentment in the minds of convicts. The value profile of convicted women with a partial manifestation of legal consciousness is characterized by the semantic fullness of life based on the values of intellectual development, self-development and sociability and is defined as variable. The structure of a stable value profile of convicts with a formed legal consciousness includes responsibility, mannerliness, self-control and conscientiousness. These results can be used in conducting individual counseling and correctional work aimed at forming the value sphere and legal consciousness of women serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty.</p>