Книги з теми "Embedding techniques"

The disc embedding theorem provides a detailed proof of the eponymous theorem in 4-manifold topology. The theorem, due to Michael Freedman, underpins virtually all of our understanding of 4-manifolds in the topological category. Most famously, this includes the 4-dimensional topological Poincaré conjecture. Combined with the concurrent work of Simon Donaldson, the theorem reveals a remarkable disparity between the topological and smooth categories for 4-manifolds. A thorough exposition of Freedman’s proof of the disc embedding theorem is given, with many new details. A self-contained account of decomposition space theory, a beautiful but outmoded branch of topology that produces non-differentiable homeomorphisms between manifolds, is provided. Techniques from decomposition space theory are used to show that an object produced by an infinite, iterative process, which we call a skyscraper, is homeomorphic to a thickened disc, relative to its boundary. A stand-alone interlude explains the disc embedding theorem’s key role in smoothing theory, the existence of exotic smooth structures on Euclidean space, and all known homeomorphism classifications of 4-manifolds via surgery theory and the s-cobordism theorem. The book is written to be accessible to graduate students working on 4-manifolds, as well as researchers in related areas. It contains over a hundred professionally rendered figures.

This article investigates how a particular vision of a diseased tropical environment grew out of the dynamics of British imperialism in the Indian subcontinent and how this vision was simultaneously reinforced and interrogated in the work of Rudyard Kipling, who was considered the bard of the empire. It analyzes the issue of so-called palliative imperialism in the works of Kipling and describes how the debates about cholera conducted by the imperial doctors produced a contested and contradictory idea of tropicality. This article also argues that the embedding of the idea of a global, tropical diseased environment through the techniques of empire in the nineteenth-century should enable us to place disease and medicine as key elements in any exercise of postcolonial ecocriticism.

In recent decades, cognitive neuroscience research has increased our understanding of how the brain learns, retains, and recalls information. At the same time, social psychology researchers have developed insights into group dynamics, exploring what motivates individuals in a group to give their full effort, or conversely, what might instead inspire them to become freeloaders. This book explores the idea that choral conductors who better understand how the brain learns, and how individuals within groups function, can lead more efficient, productive, and enjoyable rehearsals. Armed with this knowledge, conductors can create rehearsal techniques which take advantage of certain fundamental brain and social psychology principles. Through such approaches, singers will become increasingly engaged physically and mentally in the rehearsal process. This book draws from a range of scientific studies to suggest and encourage effective, evidence-based techniques, and can help serve to reset and inspire new approaches toward teaching. Each chapter outlines exercises and creative ideas for conductors and music teachers, including the importance of embedding problem solving into rehearsal, the use of multiple entry points for newly acquired information, techniques to encourage an emotional connection to the music, and ways to incorporate writing exercises into rehearsal. Additional topics include brain-compatible teaching strategies to complement thorough score study, the science behind motivation, the role imagination plays in teaching, the psychology of rehearsal, and conducting tips and advice. All of these brain-friendly strategies serve to encourage singers’ active participation in rehearsals, with the goal of motivating beautiful, inspired, and memorable performances.

This book aims to develop a cross-disciplinary approach to post-Darwinian narratives concerned with animals and human-animal relationships. In outlining this integrative approach to storytelling in a more-than-human setting, the study also considers the enabling and constraining effects of different narrative media, examining a range of fictional and nonfictional texts disseminated in print, comics and graphic novels, and film. Focusing on techniques employed in these media, including the use of animal narrators, alternation between human and nonhuman perspectives on events, shifts backward and forward in narrative time, the embedding of stories within stories, and others, the book explores how specific strategies for portraying nonhuman agents both emerge from and contribute to broader attitudes toward animal life. Conversely, emphasizing that stories are, in general, interwoven with cultures’ ontologies, their assumptions about what sorts of beings populate the world and how those beings’ qualities and abilities relate to the qualities and abilities ascribed to humans, promises to reshape existing frameworks for narrative inquiry. Ideas that have been foundational for the field are at stake here, including ideas about what makes narratives more or less amenable to being interpreted as narratives, about the extent to which differences of genre affect attributions of mental states to characters (human as well as nonhuman) in narrative contexts, and about the suitability of stories as a means for engaging with supraindividual phenomena unfolding over long timescales and in widely separated places, including patterns and events situated at the level of animal populations and species rather than particular creatures.

Bringing together a wide array of modern scientific techniques and interdisciplinary approaches, this book provides an accessible guide to the methods that form the current bedrock of research into Roman, and more broadly ancient, wine. Chapters are arranged into thematic sections, covering biomolecular archaeology and chemical analysis, archaeobotany and palynology, vineyard and landscape archaeology and computational and experimental archaeology. These include discussions of some of the most recent techniques, such as ancient DNA and organic residue analyses, geophysical prospection, multispectral imaging and spatial and climatic modelling. While most of the content is of direct relevance to the Roman Mediterranean, the assortment of detailed case studies, methodological outlines and broader ‘state of the field’ reflections is of equal use to researchers working across disparate disciplines, geographies, and chronologies. The study of ancient Roman wine has been dominated until recently by traditional archaeological analyses focused upon production facilities and ceramic evidence related to transport. While such architecture and artefact-focussed approaches provide a fundamental foundation for our understanding of this topic, they fail to provide the requisite nuance to answer other questions regarding grape cultivation and wine production, consumption, use and trade. As the first compendium of its kind, this book supports the embedding of modern scientific and experimental techniques into archaeological fieldwork, research and laboratory analysis, pushing the boundaries of what questions can be explored, and serving as a launching point for future avenues of interdisciplinary research. This volume presents an array of cutting-edge scientific and archaeological methodologies used in the study of vine-growing and winemaking in the Graeco-Roman Mediterranean. Recent work on this subject tends to be dominated by traditional archaeological analyses of press facilities and, above all, ceramic evidence. These approaches lack the nuance to answer several vital questions about Greek and Roman grapevine cultivation and wine production, consumption, use and trade. In response, modern scientific techniques are increasingly filling these gaps in both fieldwork and laboratory contexts. By bringing together a wide range of disciplinary approaches in one location, this book provides an accessible guide to the scientific methodologies that form the new bedrock of current research on ancient wine. Arranged into thematic sections covering biomolecular archaeology and chemical analysis, archaeobotany and palynology, vineyard and landscape archaeology, and computational modelling and experimental archaeology, its detailed exemplary case studies and ‘state of the field’ chapters can be immediately utilized by researchers working across disparate fields, chronologies and research contexts as reliable points of reference. As the first compendium of its kind, it aims to foster interconnection of modern scientific technologies with archaeological fieldwork and analysis, pushing the boundaries of what questions can be explored and serving as a foundation for future avenues of research into ancient wine production.

This chapter recounts yet more milestones and developments in Wolff's musical career, as well as the changes within his household which in turn enacted further changes into his opus. As Wolff settled into life at Dartmouth, he once again found himself diverging politically from the paths set by Cage and Cardew. But beyond the social consciousness of his performance collective, Wolff turned to a new technique: the veiled embedding of old worker's songs and political tunes in the fabric of his counterpoint. In addition, Wolff would also create another landmark piece in his career: Wobbly Music, which was his first choral work. It established his canon of musico-political sources: the worker's music championed by folk revivalists of the 1950s and 1960s, and exploited a technique that had long fascinated him: hocket.

Most Geographic Information Systems started as a substitute for loose paper maps. These paper maps did not have a built-in time dimension and could only represent history indirectly as a sequence of physically separate images. This was in fact imitated by these first generation systems. The time dimension could only be represented by means of separate files. A minority of Geographic Information Systems however, started their life as a substitute for ordered lists and tables with a link to paper maps. In these lists, the inclusion of a time com-ponent in the form of a data field was quite usual. This method too was copied by the systems that replaced these paper tables. The current trend in the development of Geographic Information Systems is towards the inte-gration of the classical map-oriented concepts with the table-oriented concepts. This often leads to the explicit embedding of the time component in the GIS environment. The Subcommission Geo-Information Models of the Netherlands Geodetic Commission has organized a workshop to discuss the theory and practice of time and history in GIS on 18 May 2000. This publication contains 6 articles prepared for the workshop. The first paper, written by Donna Peuquet, gives a bird’s-eye view of the current state of the art in spatio-temporal database technology and methodology. She is a well-known expert in the field of spatio-temporal information systems and the author of many articles in this field. The second article is written by Monica Wachowicz. She describes what you can do with a GIS once it contains a historical dimension and how you can detect changes in geographic phenomena. Furthermore, her article suggests how geographic visualisation and knowledge discovery techniques can be integrated in a spatio-temporal database. How to record the time dimension in a database is one thing, how to show this dimension to users is another one. In his contribution, Menno-Jan Kraak first tells about the techniques, which were used in the age of paper maps and the limitations these methods had. He goes on to explain what kind of cartographic techniques have been developed since the mass introduc-tion of the computer. Finally he describes the powerful animation methods which currently exist and can be used on CD-ROM and Internet applications. Peter van Oosterom describes how the time dimension is represented in the information sys-tems of the Cadastre and how this is used to publish updates. The Cadastre has a very long tradition in incorporating the time component, which has always been an inherent component of the cadastral registration. In former times this was translated in very precise procedures about how to update the paper maps and registers. Today it is translated in spatio-temporal database design. The article of Luc Heres tells about the time component in the National Road Database, origi-nally designed for traffic accident registration. This is one of the systems with ''table'' roots and with quite a long tradition in handling the time dimension. He elucidates first the core objects in the conceptual model and how time is added. Next, how this model is translated in a logical design and finally how this is technically implemented. Geologists and geophysicians also have a respectable tradition in handling the time dimension in the data they collect. This is illustrated in the last paper, which is written by Ipo Ritsema. He outlines how time is handled in geological and geophysical databases maintained by TNO. By means of some practical cases he illustrates which problems can be encountered and how these can be solved.