Статті в журналах: "EMBEDDED SENSOR NETWORKS"

1

Kusuma, S. M., K. N. Veena, B. P. Vijaya Kumar, and B. V. Varun. "Performance Modeling of Energy Efficiency for Sensors Deployment in Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9107.

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Present trend of Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors deployment increased in every sectors enormously from last one decade. But the deployment challenges of sensors and their networks with respect to their contextual dynamics and system performance is not much investigated. Hence there is a need to investigate the deployment challenges of sensors supporting the computing system that exactly imitates the phenomenon by understanding the context and other influencing parameters, i.e., to sense the environmental parameter values accurately and precisely from the respective embedded sensor system. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to analyze the performance of embedded Wireless Sensor Networks (eWSNs) with respect to energy efficiency based on sensors deployment. The method involves in clustering the sensor nodes based on distance from the phenomenon and its physical location. Sensors and sensor network lifetime energy consumption for data acquisition is analyzed using Markovian model. Simulation platform for random deployment of sensor nodes along with Self Organizing map neural network for clustering with various cases of sensors deployment, network dynamics and environment are studied to understand the performance of the embedded WSN system for energy efficiency.

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2

Burger, Alwyn, Gregor Schiele, and David W. King. "Reconfigurable Embedded Devices Using Reinforcement Learning to Develop Action Policies." ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3487920.

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The size of sensor networks supporting smart cities is ever increasing. Sensor network resiliency becomes vital for critical networks such as emergency response and waste water treatment. One approach is to engineer “self-aware” sensors that can proactively change their component composition in response to changes in work load when critical devices fail. By extension, these devices could anticipate their own termination, such as battery depletion, and offload current tasks onto connected devices. These neighboring devices can then reconfigure themselves to process these tasks, thus avoiding catastrophic network failure. In this article, we compare and contrast two types of self-aware sensors. One set uses Q-learning to develop a policy that guides device reaction to various environmental stimuli, whereas the others use a set of shallow neural networks to select an appropriate reaction. The novelty lies in the use of field programmable gate arrays embedded on the sensors that take into account internal system state, configuration, and learned state-action pairs, which guide device decisions to meet system demands. Experiments show that even relatively simple reward functions develop both Q-learning policies and shallow neural networks that yield positive device behaviors in dynamic environments.

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3

Qu, Ming Zhe. "Research on the Applications and Characteristics of the Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.498.

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A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. The WSN is built of "nodes" – from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or sometimes several) sensors. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting.

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4

Kumble, Lithin, and Kiran Kumari Patil. "Data Transmission in Wearable Sensor Network for Human Activity Monitoring Using Embedded Classifier Technique." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41234.

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Abstract: The recent development of wireless wearable sensor networks has opened up a slew of new possibilities in industries as diverse as healthcare, medicine, activity monitoring, sports, safety, human-machine interface, and more. The battery-powered sensor nodes' longevity is critical to the technology's success. This research proposes a new strategy for increasing the lifetime of wearable sensor networks by eliminating redundant data transmissions. The proposed solution is based on embedded classifiers that allow sensor nodes to determine whether current sensor readings should be sent to the cluster head. A strategy was developed to train the classifiers, which takes into account the impact of data selection on the accuracy of a recognition system. This method was used to create a wearable sensor network prototype for human monitoring of activity Experiments were carried out in the real world to assess the novel method in terms of network lifetime, energy usage, and human activity recognition accuracy. The proposed strategy allows for a large increase in network lifetime while maintaining excellent activity detection accuracy, according to the results of the experimental evaluation. Experiments have also demonstrated that the technology has advantages over state-of-the-art data transmission reduction strategies. Keywords: wireless sensor network; wearable sensors; activity recognition; lifetime; energy con- sumption; transmission suppression; embedded machine learning

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5

Kumble, Lithin, and Kiran Kumari Patil. "Data Transmission in Wearable Sensor Network for Human Activity Monitoring Using Embedded Classifier Technique." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41234.

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Abstract: The recent development of wireless wearable sensor networks has opened up a slew of new possibilities in industries as diverse as healthcare, medicine, activity monitoring, sports, safety, human-machine interface, and more. The battery-powered sensor nodes' longevity is critical to the technology's success. This research proposes a new strategy for increasing the lifetime of wearable sensor networks by eliminating redundant data transmissions. The proposed solution is based on embedded classifiers that allow sensor nodes to determine whether current sensor readings should be sent to the cluster head. A strategy was developed to train the classifiers, which takes into account the impact of data selection on the accuracy of a recognition system. This method was used to create a wearable sensor network prototype for human monitoring of activity Experiments were carried out in the real world to assess the novel method in terms of network lifetime, energy usage, and human activity recognition accuracy. The proposed strategy allows for a large increase in network lifetime while maintaining excellent activity detection accuracy, according to the results of the experimental evaluation. Experiments have also demonstrated that the technology has advantages over state-of-the-art data transmission reduction strategies. Keywords: wireless sensor network; wearable sensors; activity recognition; lifetime; energy con- sumption; transmission suppression; embedded machine learning

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6

Grobelna, Iwona, Michał Grobelny, Agnieszka Węgrzyn, and Marek Węgrzyn. "Embedded WWW Server in Wireless Sensor Networks." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 21 (2009): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20091006-3-es-4010.00041.

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7

Slijepcevic, Sasha, Seapahn Megerian, and Miodrag Potkonjak. "Location errors in wireless embedded sensor networks." ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review 6, no. 3 (June 2002): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/581291.581301.

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8

Bundalo, Zlatko V. "Energy efficient embedded systems and their application in wireless sensor networks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1208, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1208/1/012002.

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Abstract Embedded systems are specialised electronic systems that perform limited number of fixed operations and are used in many application areas. Such systems are based on using microprocessors for their implementation. Embedded systems are usually part of other systems where they are embedded into some embedding systems. They have to be efficient in electrical energy consumption, size of program code, time of operation, weight and cost. Embedded systems are inexpensive and are used in almost every electronic product or other electronic systems. Many embedded systems are mobile systems supplied by batteries and the available electrical energy must be used efficiently as much as possible. Application areas where embedded systems are used and where minimal consumption of energy is required are battery powered wireless sensor networks. The methods for reduction of energy consumption and for power management in embedded systems are considered and described in this paper. The accent is given on design and application of energy efficient embedded systems in wireless sensor networks and on possibilities to reduce energy consumption in such systems. The methods for energy harvesting, that are very attractive and very useful in wireless sensor networks applications, are also considered and described. One practically implemented battery supplied wireless sensor network for application for environmental data acquisition and monitoring in agriculture is described in the paper.

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9

Doraipandian, Manivannan, and Periasamy Neelamegam. "Wireless Sensor Network Using ARM Processors." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2013100103.

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The hardware design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is the crux of its effective deployment. Nowadays these networks are used in microscopic, secure and high-end embedded products. WSN's potentiality in terms of efficient data sensing and distributed data processing has led to its usage in applications for measurement and tracking. WSN comprises of small number of embedded devices known as sensor nodes, gateways and base stations. Sensor nodes consist of sensors, processors and transceivers. The property of embedded sensor devices, also called motes, is to determine the strength of WSN. Thus processor selection for the motes plays a critical role in determining a WSN's competency. In this article, the absolute and obvious hardware characteristics of available and proposed sensor nodes are discussed. The objective of this work was to increase the efficiency and provision of sensor nodes by evaluating their processing and transceiver units. During this work, a sensor node was developed with ARM processor and XBee series 2 Unit. LPC 2148, LPC 2378 ARM processors were posed as processing unit and XBee series 2 acted as communication unit. Results of this experimental setup were recorded. Also a comparative study of the various available sensor nodes and proposed sensor nodes was done extensively.

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10

Liu, Yan Ju, and Xin Hua Li. "Study on Application of Wireless Sensor Networking in Environmental Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.1297.

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A novel wireless sensor networks is designed with integrating sensors, embedded operating systems and wireless networking technology. The temperature, humidity, light strength and pressure around the sensor could be measured accurately. The collected data by sensor networks are analysed and treated in PC computer via USB interface. LEACH communication protocol was introduced to ZigBee networks in this paper. The node programs were exploited based on IAR System platform to accomplish data collection.

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11

Soro, Stanislava, and Wendi Heinzelman. "A Survey of Visual Sensor Networks." Advances in Multimedia 2009 (2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/640386.

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Visual sensor networks have emerged as an important class of sensor-based distributed intelligent systems, with unique performance, complexity, and quality of service challenges. Consisting of a large number of low-power camera nodes, visual sensor networks support a great number of novel vision-based applications. The camera nodes provide information from a monitored site, performing distributed and collaborative processing of their collected data. Using multiple cameras in the network provides different views of the scene, which enhances the reliability of the captured events. However, the large amount of image data produced by the cameras combined with the network's resource constraints require exploring new means for data processing, communication, and sensor management. Meeting these challenges of visual sensor networks requires interdisciplinary approaches, utilizing vision processing, communications and networking, and embedded processing. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of visual sensor networks, by exploring several relevant research directions. Our goal is to provide a better understanding of current research problems in the different research fields of visual sensor networks, and to show how these different research fields should interact to solve the many challenges of visual sensor networks.

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12

Almogren, Ahmad S. "Developing a Powerful and Resilient Smart Body Sensor Network through Hypercube Interconnection." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/609715.

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With recent advances in wireless sensor networks and embedded computing technologies, body sensor networks (BSNs) have become practically feasible. BSNs consist of a number of sensor nodes located and deployed over the human body. These sensors continuously gather vital sign data of the body area to be used in various intelligent systems in smart environments. This paper presents an intelligent design of the body sensor network based on virtual hypercube structure backbone termed as Smart BodyNet. The main purpose of the Smart BodyNet is to provide resilience for the BSN operation and reduce power consumption. Various experiments were carried out to show the performance of the Smart BodyNet design as compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

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13

Liu, Wei, Qin Sheng Du, and Le Le Wang. "Study of Data Fusion Mechanism Based on the WSN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.600.

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Wireless sensor networks integrated four technologies including sensor, embedded computing, network technology and wireless communication. It is a new type of non-infrastructure wireless network. In this paper, a data fusion method has been brought forward based on wireless sensor networks, and through an algorithm simulation test, It is proved that the algorithm is effective to reduce the energy consumption of the network, and extend the lifetime of the network.

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14

Thuruthel, Thomas George, Benjamin Shih, Cecilia Laschi, and Michael Thomas Tolley. "Soft robot perception using embedded soft sensors and recurrent neural networks." Science Robotics 4, no. 26 (January 30, 2019): eaav1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aav1488.

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Recent work has begun to explore the design of biologically inspired soft robots composed of soft, stretchable materials for applications including the handling of delicate materials and safe interaction with humans. However, the solid-state sensors traditionally used in robotics are unable to capture the high-dimensional deformations of soft systems. Embedded soft resistive sensors have the potential to address this challenge. However, both the soft sensors—and the encasing dynamical system—often exhibit nonlinear time-variant behavior, which makes them difficult to model. In addition, the problems of sensor design, placement, and fabrication require a great deal of human input and previous knowledge. Drawing inspiration from the human perceptive system, we created a synthetic analog. Our synthetic system builds models using a redundant and unstructured sensor topology embedded in a soft actuator, a vision-based motion capture system for ground truth, and a general machine learning approach. This allows us to model an unknown soft actuated system. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to model the kinematics of a soft continuum actuator in real time while being robust to sensor nonlinearities and drift. In addition, we show how the same system can estimate the applied forces while interacting with external objects. The role of action in perception is also presented. This approach enables the development of force and deformation models for soft robotic systems, which can be useful for a variety of applications, including human-robot interaction, soft orthotics, and wearable robotics.

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15

Weck, Daniel, Sebastian Sauer, Frank Adam, Eric Starke, Robert Böhm, and Niels Modler. "Embedded Sensor Networks for Textile-Reinforced Thermoplastics: Sensor Network Design and Mechanical Composite Performance." Advanced Engineering Materials 18, no. 3 (February 1, 2016): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201500476.

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16

Wei, Zhe, and Fang Wang. "Detecting Anomaly Data for IoT Sensor Networks." Scientific Programming 2022 (May 21, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4671381.

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The Internet of Things, or IoT, has been widely recognized as a new perception paradigm for interacting between the digital world and the physical one. Acting as the interface and integral part of the Internet of Things, sensors embedded within the network are the principal components that collect the unprocessed data, and these sensors are usually deployed in unattended, hostile, or harsh areas, which inevitably makes the sensor readings prone to faults and even anomalies. Therefore, the quality of sensor readings will ultimately affect the quality of various data-oriented IoT services, and the sensor data are of vital importance affecting the performance of the system. However, the data anomaly detection is a nontrivial task for IoT because sensors are usually resource-constrained devices with limited computing, communication, and capacity. Therefore, an efficient and lightweight detecting method is needed to meet the requirements. In this study, we deal with the anomaly data by detecting the source sensor nodes through combination methods of the local outlier factor and time series. Simulations show that the proposed method can effectively detect the anomaly data and presents a better normal data rate.

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17

Assaf, Mansour, Salema Khan, Sunil Das, and Satyendra Biswas. "Energy efficient optimization of wireless embedded sensor networks." World Journal of Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 2013): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.10.3.273.

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18

Gao, Jie, and Leonidas Guibas. "Geometric algorithms for sensor networks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1958 (January 13, 2012): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0215.

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This paper surveys the use of geometric methods for wireless sensor networks. The close relationship of sensor nodes with their embedded physical space imposes a unique geometric character on such systems. The physical locations of the sensor nodes greatly impact on system design in all aspects, from low-level networking and organization to high-level information processing and applications. This paper reviews work in the past 10 years on topics such as network localization, geometric routing, information discovery, data-centric routing and topology discovery.

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19

Yu, Wenjin, Yong Li, and Yuangeng Xu. "Research on Pseudo-Node Detection Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 03 (March 28, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i03.6864.

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">With the wide application of the wireless sensor network, the security of the sensor network is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, based on node ranging, a new intrusion node detection algorithm has been proposed for external pseudo-node detection in wireless sensor networks. The presence of the nodes under copying-attack and the pseudo-nodes in the network can be detected through inter-node ranging with appropriate use of various sensors of nodes themselves and comprehensive analysis of ranging results. Operating in a stand-alone or embedded manner, this method has remedied the defects in the traditional principle of attack detection. The simulation results show that the proposed method has excellent applicability in wireless sensor security detection.</span>

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20

Wang, Shipeng, Xiaoping Yang, Xingqiao Wang, and Zhihong Qian. "A Virtual Force Algorithm-Lévy-Embedded Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Coverage Optimization." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122735.

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The random placement of a large-scale sensor network in an outdoor environment often causes low coverage. In order to effectively improve the coverage of a wireless sensor network in the monitoring area, a coverage optimization algorithm for wireless sensor networks with a Virtual Force-Lévy-embedded Grey Wolf Optimization (VFLGWO) algorithm is proposed. The simulation results show that the VFLGWO algorithm has a better optimization effect on the coverage rate, uniformity, and average moving distance of sensor nodes than a wireless sensor network coverage optimization algorithm using Lévy-embedded Grey Wolf Optimizer, Cuckoo Search algorithm, and Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization. The VFLGWO algorithm has good adaptability with respect to changes of the number of sensor nodes and the size of the monitoring area.

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21

Geng, Wei Jiang. "Research on Database Design Based on Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.239.

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This paper analyzes the composition of architecture and sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, component models running on the nodes embedded operating system and programming model based on nesC. Then, we analyze network databases based on wireless sensor, design and implement wireless sensor network database TaraxDB, focused on design and implement the receiving client inquiries, analysis and presentation, send queries and receive results between the database client and sensor networks, database client Receive query and submit the results between the client and the user, The main feature on the database, including front-end and network nodes, as well as the completion of key technical queries collaboration between nodes.

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22

Wu, Zhong, and Chuan Zhou. "5G Embedded Sensor Network System for Sports Information Service Hotspot Recommendation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8134290.

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How to rationally allocate and integrate existing resources has become the top priority of the development of sports public information services in the transition period, but it is also a weak link in the construction of current social information resources. This article is aimed at studying how to develop sports information service hotspots based on 5G embedded sensor network systems. Methods such as the network structure based on 5G embedded sensors, the Kriging algorithm based on global optimization, and sensor distance measurement are proposed and also conducted experiments on the application of 5G embedded sensor network system in sports information service hotspot recommendation. The results show that people are satisfied with the sports information service of the wireless sensor network, with a maximum score of 9.8, which is suitable for the information provision of sports information services. The development of the times has met the needs of most people.

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23

Alwis, Lourdes S. M., Kort Bremer, and Bernhard Roth. "Fiber Optic Sensors Embedded in Textile-Reinforced Concrete for Smart Structural Health Monitoring: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21154948.

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The last decade has seen rapid developments in the areas of carbon fiber technology, additive manufacturing technology, sensor engineering, i.e., wearables, and new structural reinforcement techniques. These developments, although from different areas, have collectively paved way for concrete structures with non-corrosive reinforcement and in-built sensors. Therefore, the purpose of this effort is to bridge the gap between civil engineering and sensor engineering communities through an overview on the up-to-date technological advances in both sectors, with a special focus on textile reinforced concrete embedded with fiber optic sensors. The introduction section highlights the importance of reducing the carbon footprint resulting from the building industry and how this could be effectively achieved by the use of state-of-the-art reinforcement techniques. Added to these benefits would be the implementations on infrastructure monitoring for the safe operation of structures through their entire lifespan by utilizing sensors, specifically, fiber optic sensors. The paper presents an extensive description on fiber optic sensor engineering that enables the incorporation of sensors into the reinforcement mechanism of a structure at its manufacturing stage, enabling effective monitoring and a wider range of capabilities when compared to conventional means of structural health monitoring. In future, these developments, when combined with artificial intelligence concepts, will lead to distributed sensor networks for smart monitoring applications, particularly enabling such distributed networks to be implemented/embedded at their manufacturing stage.

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Engouang, Tristan Daladier, Liu Yun, and Zhen Jiang Zhang. "Pallier Based Homomorphic Encrypted Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3017.

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Tiny autonomous embedded electronics (sensor nodes) devices able to communicate through wireless channels are ensuring the emission and reception of data through a communication radio between two sensors grouped by hundreds and thousands within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). These amazing new technology with ongoing research worldwide, are merging networking, systems hardware, systems software and programming methodologies thus enabling applications that previously were not practical. Hence numerical simulations on computers can now visualize the physical world phenomena that could be observed through empirical means, as sensors are deployed in a dedicated environment, to fulfill their aim of sensing for any occurrence of the event of interest. The data sensed by these wireless sensors are now very sensitive, thus need to be fully protected by all means, which is why T. D. Engouang et al., argued that securityand reliability and also durability are mandatory when deploying any sensor nodes or hard device. The Pallier based homomorphic encryption data aggregation is proposed with security measures preserving data integrity and privacy.

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Stankovic, J. A., T. F. Abdelzaher, Chengyang Lu, Lui Sha, and J. C. Hou. "Real-time communication and coordination in embedded sensor networks." Proceedings of the IEEE 91, no. 7 (July 2003): 1002–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2003.814620.

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Keen, Diana, and Frederic T. Chong. "Hardware-software co-design of embedded sensor-actuator networks." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 30, no. 3 (June 2002): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/571666.571669.

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27

Munir, Arslan, Ann Gordon-Ross, and Sanjay Ranka. "Multi-Core Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks: Architecture and Applications." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 25, no. 6 (June 2014): 1553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2013.219.

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28

MASUDA, Arata. "214 Decentralized Modal Identification Algorithm Embedded in Sensor Networks." Proceedings of the Symposium on Evaluation and Diagnosis 2007.6 (2007): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesed.2007.6.140.

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29

Krasteva, Yana Esteves, Jorge Portilla, Eduardo de la Torre, and Teresa Riesgo. "Embedded Runtime Reconfigurable Nodes for Wireless Sensor Networks Applications." IEEE Sensors Journal 11, no. 9 (September 2011): 1800–1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2011.2104948.

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30

Berger, Achim, Markus Pichler, Johannes Klinglmayr, Albert Potsch, and Andreas Springer. "Low-Complex Synchronization Algorithms for Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 64, no. 4 (April 2015): 1032–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2366272.

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31

Shelby, Zach, Carlos Pomalaza-Ráez, Heikki Karvonen, and Jussi Haapola. "Energy Optimization in Multihop Wireless Embedded and Sensor Networks." International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 12, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-005-5166-1.

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32

Qiao, Chang Fu, Shou Yi Yin, Li Ling, Ren Jun Cheng, Chang Liang Xu, and Jun Wang. "Design of WSN Gateway for Granary Information Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.316.

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With the rapid development of wireless sensor network, the request of granary monitoring is pointed out to connect wireless sensor network with Internet. The gateway is one of the most important parts. By analyzing the interconnection between wireless sensor network and Ethernet, combining with the granary monitoring needs, a gateway solution based on high-performance network processors and embedded real-time operating system is designed. And transparent transfer of data between the wireless sensor networks and the Internet is realized.

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Wang, Chao, and Jian Ma. "Research of Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1509.

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With the rapid development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and embedded technique, especially the widely application of Internet of Things technology, more and more attention has been paid in greenhouse monitor field. The aims design of system depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, co2 concentration and other environmental factors. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. All the environment factor information gathers by PC and embedded device, and people also can control them through Graphical User Interface (GUI).

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34

Ren, Zhenxing, Bin Zhong, and Rong Xiong. "Sensor Design Based on Wireless Measurement of Corrosion Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Structure." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 13, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2608490.

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Reinforced concrete structures are widely used in modern buildings such as buildings, bridges, and tunnels. However, the structural damage caused by reinforcement corrosion seriously affects the service life of the buildings. Because the corrosion of reinforcement in concrete is a very slow process, the continuous detection of reinforcement corrosion is very important. In view of the slow development of steel corrosion detection equipment in China, which cannot meet the application requirements of concrete structures in China, wireless monitoring technology has more advantages than traditional monitoring technology. In this paper, combined with wireless transmission technology, a concrete reinforcement corrosion detection system based on wireless sensor network is designed. Embedded sensors based on the principle of electromagnetic coupling are used to collect steel corrosion information. It is determined that the 16-bit ultralow power consumption microcontroller MSP430F149 is the main control chip, the AD9850 based on DDS technology is the signal generation chip, and the nRF905 is the detection circuit scheme of the wireless transceiver chip. The star network is determined by polling the entire network topology and MAC protocol. The embedded sensor is designed through simulation. This article discusses the principle of using embedded sensors to detect steel corrosion and determines the feasibility of its low-cost implementation. The embedded sensor and steel corrosion detection system were tested. The simulation method of the embedded sensor is verified through actual measurement. The test results show that the system network is normal and all parts work stably, which can meet the requirements of the project.

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35

Ransom, Elliot, Xiyuan Chen, and Fu-Kuo Chang. "Design of a Robust Tool for Deploying Large-Area Stretchable Sensor Networks from Microscale to Macroscale." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134856.

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An investigation was conducted to develop an effective automated tool to deploy micro-fabricated stretchable networks of distributed sensors onto the surface of large structures at macroscale to create “smart” structures with embedded distributed sensor networks. Integrating a large network of distributed sensors with structures has been a major challenge in the design of so-called smart structures or devices for cyber-physical applications where a large amount of usage data from structures or devices can be generated for artificial intelligence applications. Indeed, many “island-and-serpentine”-type distributed sensor networks, while promising, remain difficult to deploy. This study aims to enable such networks to be deployed in a safe, automated, and efficient way. To this end, a scissor-hinge controlled system was proposed as the basis for a deployment mechanism for such stretchable sensor networks (SSNs). A model based on a kinematic scissor-hinge mechanism was developed to simulate and design the proposed system to automatically stretch a micro-scaled square network with uniformly distributed sensor nodes. A prototype of an automatic scissor-hinge stretchable tool was constructed during the study with an array of four scissor-hinge mechanisms, each belt-driven by a single stepper motor. Two micro-fabricated SSNs from a 100 mm wafer were fabricated at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility for this deployment study. The networks were designed to be able to cover an area 100 times their manufacturing size (from a 100 mm diameter wafer to a 1 m2 active area) once stretched. It was demonstrated that the proposed deployment tool could place sensor nodes in prescribed locations efficiently within a drastically shorter time than in current labor-intensive manual deployment methods.

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36

Garrett, R. C., K. J. Peters, and M. A. Zikry. "In-situ impact-induced damage assessment of woven composite laminates through a fibre Bragg grating sensor network." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1144 (June 2009): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003031.

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Abstract Woven composite specimens with embedded fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor networks were impacted at low velocities, while global measurements of contact forces and dissipated energies were obtained from drop tower measurements, and local residual, post-impact strain values were obtained from the FBG sensors. Critical damage events were identified in the global data for these specimens and damage signatures in the residual strain data corresponding to these critical damage events were correlated. The results indicate that the full spectral scan information from the sensor network, although obtainable at a lower scan rate, provide more reliable residual lifetime information than average residual strains.

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37

Lee, Seung-Yeong, Jae-Hyoung Lee, Jiyoung Lee, and Woojoo Lee. "TEI-DTA: Optimizing a Vehicular Sensor Network Operating with Ultra-Low Power System-on-Chips." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151789.

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In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), the interest and demand for embedded systems have been explosively increasing. In particular, vehicular sensor networks are one of the fields where IoT-oriented embedded devices (also known as IoT devices) are being actively used. These IoT devices are widely deployed in and out of the vehicle to check vehicle conditions, prevent accidents, and support autonomous driving, forming a vehicular sensor network. In particular, such sensor networks mainly consist of third-party devices that operate independently of the vehicle and run on their own batteries. After all, like all battery-powered embedded devices, the IoT devices for the vehicular sensor network also suffer from limited power sources, and thus research on how to design/operate them energy-efficiently is drawing attention from both academia and industry. This paper notes that the vehicular sensor network may be the best application for ultra-low power system on-chips (ULP SoCs). The ULP SoCs are mainly designed based on ultra-low voltage operating (ULV) circuits, and this paper aims to realize the energy-optimized driving of the network by applying state of the art (SoA) low-power techniques exploiting the unique characteristics of ULV circuits to the IoT devices in the vehicular sensor network. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal task assignment algorithm that can achieve the best energy-efficient drive of the target network by fully utilizing the SoA low power techniques for ULV circuits. Along with a detailed description of the proposed algorithm, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method by providing an in-depth evaluation process and experimental results for the proposed algorithm.

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38

Yang, Huaiyuan, Hua Zhou, Zhenyu Liu, and Xiaofan Deng. "Energy Optimization of Wireless Sensor Embedded Cloud Computing Data Monitoring System in 6G Environment." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021013.

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With the construction and development of modern and smart cities, people’s lives are becoming more intelligent and diversified. Surveillance systems increasingly play an active role in target tracking, vehicle identification, traffic management, etc. In the 6G network environment, facing the massive and large-scale data information in the monitoring system, it is difficult for the ordinary processing platform to meet this computing demand. This paper provides a data governance solution based on a 6G environment. The shortcomings of critical technologies in wireless sensor networks are addressed through ZigBee energy optimization to address the shortage of energy supply and high energy consumption in the practical application of wireless sensor networks. At the same time, this improved routing algorithm is combined with embedded cloud computing to optimize the monitoring system and achieve efficient data processing. The ZigBee-optimized wireless sensor network consumes less energy in practice and also increases the service life of the network, as proven by research and experiments. This optimized data monitoring system ensures data security and reliability.

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Li, Shu Jiang, Nan Xue, and Xiang Dong Wang. "Design of Embedded Greenhouse Controller Baced on ARM and Wireless Sensor Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1470.

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An embedded controller in green house is designed and analyzed in this paper, which is consisted of embedded terminal and wireless sensor node. The captured data by sensor nodes will be sent to the base station, after which, certain information will be sent to controller by the base station through RS232 protocol. The controller is used for receiving, displaying, storing the temperature information and controlling the temperature according to some related settings, which is implemented with ARM 9 micro processor and embedded Linux OS. The system is confirmed to be stable and reliable in field practice, which fulfills the design specification

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40

Wu, Dapeng, Zhenli Liu, Zhigang Yang, Puning Zhang, Ruyan Wang, and Xinqiang Ma. "Survivability-Enhanced Virtual Network Embedding Strategy in Virtualized Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010218.

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With the widespread application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), WSN virtualization technology has received extensive attention. A key challenge in WSN virtualization is the survivable virtual network embedding (SVNE) problem which efficiently maps a virtual network on a WSN accounting for possible substrate failures. Aiming at the lack of survivability research towards physical sensor node failure in the virtualized sensor network, the SVNE problem is mathematically modeled as a mixed integer programming problem considering resource constraints. A heuristic algorithm—node reliability-aware backup survivable embedding algorithm (NCS)—is further put forward to solve this problem. Firstly, a node reliability-aware embedding method is presented for initial embedding. The resource reliability of underlying physical sensor nodes is evaluated and the nodes with higher reliability are selected as mapping nodes. Secondly, a fault recovery mechanism based on resource reservation is proposed. The critical virtual sensor nodes are recognized and their embedded physical sensor nodes are further backed up. When the virtual sensor network (VSN) fails caused by the failure physical node, the operation of the VSN is restored by backup switching. Finally, the experimental results show that the strategy put forward in this paper can effectively guarantee the survivability of the VSN, reduce the failure penalty caused by the physical sensor nodes failure, and improve the long-term operating income of infrastructure provider.

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41

Islam, Akm Anwarul, Frank Li, and Phaneendra K. Kolli. "Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Using Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.796.

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The objective of this research is to monitor the structural health of an urban bridge real-time in the City of Youngstown, OH, by applying new technologies involving acceleration sensors, wireless networks, internet web services, Java SunSPOTs and embedded systems. The research was aimed to assessing the current structural health and future performance of the bridge with any immediate repair or replacement needs. A total of 8 wireless accelerometer Java SunSPOT Sensors, developed by Sun Microsystems (now part of Oracle), were customized and deployed at structurally critical locations on the bridge. Acceleration data were collected via real-time wireless sensor network. Later the acceleration data were analyzed to assess the structural condition of the bridge.

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42

Talawar, Arun K., Sunita S. Malaj, and Raju Hiremath. "An Analysis of : Embedded Systems in Embedded Processors Knack." Gyan Management Journal 17, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/gmj.2022.17.1.9.

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The mechanisms via way of means of which software program interacts with the bodily international are converting rapidly. Today’s fashion is “smart” sensors and drives with microprocessors, community interfaces and software program that permit far flung get entry to to sensor records and far flung unit activation. There is likewise the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet, Machine to Machine, Internet of Everything, Smart Planet, TSensors (trillions of sensors) or Fog (similar, however towards the cloud). Earth is an expression of era that deeply connects our bodily and informational worlds. In the IoT international, the interfaces among those worlds are stimulated and derived from statistics era, specially net era. Our recognition is on interacting with the bodily surroundings wherein software program and hardware operate. This calls for a unique modeling of the time dynamics of the software program and networks and a clean specification of the parallel nature of the application. The truth that implementation era has now no longer but reached this factor need to now no longer educate a incorrect technonical approach. All need to learn design and modeling and enrich them with a critical reflection on what it is. Today’s embedded systems technology should be presented in a neutral way, not as a collection of facts and tricks, as in many of the recent trends in, but as a cornerstone to a better design experience.

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43

Hufenbach, Werner, Frank Adam, Ivonne Körner, Anja Winkler, and Daniel Weck. "Combined joining technique for thermoplastic composites with embedded sensor networks." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 10 (January 8, 2013): 1226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12471870.

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44

Choi, Won-Hyuck, and Min-Seok Jie. "Auto Plants Growing Embedded System Design Using Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2016.11.4.15.

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45

Wang, Fu Cheng, H. M. Lin, P. K. Chen, F. Y. Chang, and Kuang Chao Fan. "Signal Detection and Control of an Intelligent Robot." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.387.

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This paper utilizes embedded systems to control an intelligent robot implemented with seven sensor networks. The work was carried out in two phases. The first step developed scanning circuits to feedback the sensor signals to the process systems. The second step installed seven motors and a voice circuit on the robot to respond to the sensor signals. From the results, the proposed embedded system was deemed effective.

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46

Li, Yumei, and Jiang Zhu. "The Optimal Path of College Art Teaching Based on Embedded Sensor Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 19, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1937259.

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As a new type of intelligent network technology, sensor network has been widely used in recent years. This paper is aimed at studying the optimization path of art teaching in colleges and universities based on embedded sensor network, proposing methods such as ZigBee network, HRPTC, wireless routing protocol, and sensor technology, and carrying out experimental research on the application of embedded sensor network in the optimization path of college art teaching. The experimental results show that the embedded sensor network can promote well the development of the optimization path of art teaching in colleges and universities and promote the reform of art education teaching methods. At the same time, the education and teaching methods optimized based on sensor network technology can better play the role of education and teaching so that students’ learning enthusiasm has been improved by at least 10%.

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47

Yu, Qiaolin, Xiaofei Liu, Sihui Li, Lei Hou, Chengdong Zhu, and Ying Lin. "Semantic-Based Sports Music Information Fusion and Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4853183.

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The wireless sensor network has developed rapidly in recent years. It is formed by the intersection of multiple disciplines. It integrates embedded technology, sensor technology, distributed technology, wireless communication technology, and modern networks. It is a brand new information acquisition platform. The characteristics of sensor networks determine that information fusion technology is a hot spot in the research of wireless sensor networks. Information fusion can achieve high performance and low cost in terms of energy and communication, which is of great significance to the research of sensor networks. This paper is aimed at studying the semantic-based sports music information fusion and retrieval research in wireless sensor networks. WSNs may face various attacks including eavesdropping attacks, replay attacks, Sybil attacks, and DOS attacks. Therefore, they are designing sensor network solutions. It is necessary to consider the network security issues. This article summarizes and analyzes the existing WSN security data fusion solutions for this issue and compares them by classification. This paper proposes methods and theories such as the spatial correlation detection algorithm, CBA algorithm, FTD algorithm, and DFWD algorithm, which enriches the research of information fusion and retrieval in wireless sensor networks, which is of exploratory significance, and it also establishes this problem. The model was studied, and reliable data was obtained. The experimental results of this paper show that when using these methods to diagnose faults in WSN, the correct rate of model diagnosis is higher than 77%.

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48

Wang, Rui, Xiaoyang Zhu, Luanfa Sun, Shuai Shang, Hongke Li, Wensong Ge, and Hongbo Lan. "Cost-Effective Fabrication of Transparent Strain Sensors via Micro-Scale 3D Printing and Imprinting." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010120.

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The development of strain sensors with high sensitivity and stretchability is essential for health monitoring, electronic skin, wearable devices, and human-computer interactions. However, sensors that combine high sensitivity and ultra-wide detection generally require complex preparation processes. Here, a novel flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and transparency was proposed by filling a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) solution into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel films fabricated via an electric field-driven (EFD) 3D printing and molding hybrid process. The fabricated flexible strain sensor with embedded MWCNT networks had superior gauge factors of 90, 285, and 1500 at strains of 6.6%, 14%, and 20%, respectively. In addition, the flexible strain sensors with an optical transparency of 84% offered good stability and durability with no significant change in resistance after 8000 stretch-release cycles. Finally, the fabricated flexible strain sensors with embedded MWCNT networks showed good practical performance and could be attached to the skin to monitor various human movements such as wrist flexion, finger flexion, neck flexion, blinking activity, food swallowing, and facial expression recognition. These are good application strategies for wearable devices and health monitoring.

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Triantafyllidis, A., V. Koutkias, I. Chouvarda, and N. Maglaveras. "An Open and Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network for Pervasive Health Monitoring." Methods of Information in Medicine 47, no. 03 (2008): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me9115.

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Summary Objectives: Sensor networks constitute the backbone for the construction of personalized monitoring systems. Up to now, several sensor networks have been proposed for diverse pervasive healthcare applications, which are however characterized by a significant lack of open architectures, resulting in closed, non-interoperable and difficult to extend solutions. In this context, we propose an open and reconfigurable wireless sensor network (WSN) for pervasive health monitoring, with particular emphasis in its easy extension with additional sensors and functionality by incorporating embedded intelligence mechanisms. Methods: We consider a generic WSN architecture comprised of diverse sensor nodes (with communication and processing capabilities) and a mobile base unit (MBU) operating as the gateway between the sensors and the medical personnel, formulating this way a body area network (BAN). The primary focus of this work is on the intra-BAN data communication issues, adopting SensorML as the data representation mean, including the encoding of the monitoring patterns and the functionality of the sensor network. Results: In our prototype implementation two sensor nodes are emulated; one for heart rate monitoring and the other for blood glucose observations, while the MBU corresponds to a personal digital assistant (PDA) device. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used to implement both the sensor nodes and the MBU components. Intra-BAN wireless communication relies on the Bluetooth protocol. Via an adaptive user interface in the MBU, health professionals may specify the monitoring parameters of the WSN and define the monitoring patterns of interest in terms of rules. Conclusions: This work constitutes an essential step towards the construction of open, extensible, inter - operable and intelligent WSNs for pervasive health monitoring.

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Wang, Xin Yan, and Rui Xin Zhang. "Net-Tree: A Novel Self-Organizing Topology for Wireless Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.905.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) cover many kinds of technologies, such as technology of sensor, embedded system, wireless communication, etc. WSN is different from the traditional networks in size, communication distance and energy-constrained so as to develop new topology, protocol, quality of service (QoS), and so on. In order to solve the problem of self-organizing in the topology, this paper proposes a novel strategy which is based on communication delay between sensors. Firstly, the gateway choices some boundary nodes. Secondly, the boundary nodes choose inner nodes. The rest may be deduced by analogy. Finally, a net-tree topology with multi-path routing is developed. The analyses of the topology show that net-tree has strong ability in self-organizing and extensible.

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