Дисертації: "EMBEDDED SENSOR NETWORKS"

1

Singh, Vaneet. "Design of energy efficient embedded controlled sensor networks." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2015. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6917.

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2

Tewatia, Rohit. "Security in Distributed Embedded Systems." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1379.

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Communication in a sensor network needs guaranteed reception of data without fail and providing security to it. The authenticity and confidentiality of the data has to be ensured as sensors have limited hardware resources as well as the bandwidth. This thesis addresses the security aspects in wireless sensor networks. The main task of the project is to identify the critical security parameters for these distributed embedded systems. The sensors have extremely limited resources: small amount of memory, low computation capability and poor bandwidth. For example, a sensor platform can have 8KB of flash memory, a 4MHz 8-bit Atmel processor, and a 900MHz radio interface. Various security threats posed to these small wireless sensor networks has been made and solutions proposed. Secure communication between these communicating partners is to be achieved using cryptography.

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3

Persson, Erik. "Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och System, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388006.

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Over the past few years, the interest of remote wireless sensor networks has increased with the growth of Internet of Things technology. The wireless sensor network applications vary from tracking animal movement to controlling small electrical devices. Wireless sensors deployed in remote areas where the grid is unavailable are normally powered by batteries, inducing a limited lifespan for the sensor. This thesis work presents a solution to implement solar energy harvesting to a wireless sensor network. By gathering energy from the environment and using it in conjunction with an energy storage, the lifetime of a sensor node can be extended while at the same time reducing maintenance costs. To make sensor nodes in a network energy efficient, an adaptive controller of the nodes energy consumption can be used. A network consisting of a client node and a server node was created. The client node was powered by a small solar cell in conjunction with a capacitor. A linear-quadratic tracking algorithm was implemented to adaptively change the transmission rate for a node based on its current and previous battery level and the energy harvesting model. The implementation was done using only integers. To evaluate the system for extended run-times, the battery level was simulated using MATLAB. The system was simulated for different weather conditions. The simulation results show that the system is viable for both cloudy and sunny weather conditions. The integer linear-quadratic algorithm responds to change very abruptly in comparison to a floating point-version.

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4

Dang, Thanh Xuan. "Scalable and Efficient Tasking for Dynamic Sensor Networks." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/269.

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Sensor networks including opportunistic networks of sensor-equipped smartphones as well as networks of embedded sensors can enable a wide range of applications including environmental monitoring, smart grids, intelligent transportation, and healthcare. In most real-world applications, to meet end-user requirements, the network operator needs to define and update the sensors' tasks dynamically, such as updating the parameters for sensor data collection or updating the sensors' code. Tasking sensor networks is necessary to reduce the effort in programming sensor networks. However, it is challenging due to dynamics and scale in terms of number of nodes, number of tasks, and sensing regions of the networks. In addition, tasking sensor networks must also be efficient in terms of bandwidth, latency, energy consumption, and memory usage. This dissertation identifies and addresses the problems of scalability and efficiency in tasking sensor networks. The first challenge in tasking sensor networks is to define a mechanism that represents multiple tasks and sensor groups efficiently taking into account the heterogeneity and mobility of sensors deployed over a large geographical region. Another challenge in tasking sensor networks in general, and embedded sensor networks in particular, is to design protocols that can not only efficiently disseminate tasks but also maintain a consistent view of the task to be performed among inherently unreliable and resource-limited sensors. We believe that a scalable and efficient tasking framework can greatly benefit the development and deployment of sensor network applications. Our thesis is that decoupling the task specification from task implementation using a spatial two-dimensional (2D) representation of a tasking region such as maps enables scalable, efficient, and resource-adaptive tasking over heterogeneous mobile sensor networks. In addition, reducing overhead in detecting inconsistencies across nodes enables scalable and efficient task dissemination and maintenance. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of Zoom, a multiresolution tasking framework that efficiently encapsulates multiple tasks and sensor groups for sensor networks deployed in a large geographical region. The key ideas in Zoom are (i) decoupling task specification and task implementation to support heterogeneity, (ii) using maps for representing spatial sensor groups and tasks to scale with the number of sensor groups and sensing regions, and (iii) using image encoding techniques to reduce the map size and provide adaptation to sensor platforms with different resource capabilities. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of our protocol, DHV, which efficiently disseminates task content and ensures that all nodes have up-to-date task content in sensor networks. It achieves this by minimizing both the redundant information in each message and the number of transmitted messages in the networks. DHV has been included in the official distribution of TinyOS, a popular operating system for embedded sensor networks. As sensor networks continue to develop, they will evolve from dedicated and single-purpose systems to open and multi-purpose large scale systems. Nodes in the network will be retasked frequently to support multiple applications and multiple users. We believe that this work is an important step in enabling seamless interaction between users and sensor networks and to make sensor networks more widely adopted.

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5

Darr, Matthew J. "Advanced embedded systems and sensor networks for animal environment monitoring." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196199349.

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6

Sorenson, Carl E., Stanton K. Yarbrough, Lawrence C. Freudinger, and Philip T. Gonia. "RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT FOR VEHICLE EMBEDDED ANALYSIS ON LINUX." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605588.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
This paper overviews the Research Environment for Vehicle-Embedded Analysis on Linux (REVEAL), which is an open standards framework for the creation and deployment of realtime embedded and network distributed data systems. REVEAL is an ongoing project at NASA Dryden to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of using Linux in a modern generic web-enabled data system for measurement and telemetry network research, by actually building such a system. Novel features are described, such as XML based self-configuring, self-verifying and self-documenting software, and automatic XML metadata generation. The REVEAL architecture is described, including the core server and scheduler, and the management of system and user job processing. Performance, timing, determinism, and security issues are discussed, as well as the advantages and limitations of Linux.

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7

Sim, Zhi Wei. "Radio frequency energy harvesting for embedded sensor networks in the natural environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/radio-frequency-energy-harvesting-for-embedded-sensor-networks-in-the-natural-environment(b0f3db83-8a82-4376-841b-d79bcd0d16ae).html.

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The agricultural sector is an emerging application area for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This requires sensor nodes to be deployed in the outdoor environment so as to monitor pertinent natural features, such as soil condition or pest infestation. Limited energy supply and subsequent battery replacement are common issues for these agricultural sensor nodes. One possible solution is to use energy harvesting, where the ambient energy is extracted and converted into usable electrical form to energise the wireless sensors. The work presented in this thesis investigates the feasibility of using Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting for a specific application; that is powering a generic class of wireless ground-level, agricultural sensor networks operating in an outdoor environment. The investigation was primarily undertaken through a literature study of the subject. The first part of the thesis examines several energy harvesting/ wireless energy transfer techniques, which may be applicable to power the targeted agricultural WSN nodes. The key advantages and limitations of each technique are identified, and the rationale is being given for selecting far-field RF energy harvesting as the investigated technique. It is then followed by a theoretical-based system analysis, which seeks to identify all relevant design parameters, and to quantify their impact on the system performance. An RF link budget analysis was also included to examine the feasibility of using RF energy harvesting to power an exemplar WSN node - Zyrox2 Bait Station. The second part of the thesis focuses on the design of two energy harvesting antennas. The first design is an air-substrate-based folded shorted patch antenna (FSPA) with a solid ground plane, while the second design is a similar FSPA structure with four pairs of slot embedded into its ground plane. Both antennas were simulated, fabricated and tested inside an anechoic chamber, and in their actual operating environment - an outdoor field. In addition, a power harvester circuit, built using the commercially available off-the-shelf components, was tested in the laboratory using an RF signal generator source. The results from both the laboratory and field trial were analysed. The measurement techniques used were reviewed, along with some comments on how to improve them. Further work on the RF energy harvester, particularly on the improvement of the antenna design must be carried out before the feasibility and viable implementations for this application can be definitively ascertained.

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8

Koch, John R. "A hybrid sensor network for watershed monitoring." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/jrk4y8_09007dcc804f8fe6.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed May 27, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-86).

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9

Huang, Ya-Lin. "Ad hoc distributed simulation: a method for embedded online simulations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49060.

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The continual growth of computing power in small devices has motivated the development of novel approaches to optimizing operational systems efficiently and effectively. These optimization problems are often so complex that solving them analytically may be difficult, if not prohibited. One method for solving such problems is to use online simulation. However, challenges in using online simulation include the issues of responsiveness (e.g., because of communication delays), scalability, and failure resistance. To tackle these issues, this study proposes embedding online simulations into a network of sensors that monitors the system under investigation. This thesis explores an approach termed “ad hoc distributed simulation,” which is based on embedding online simulations into a sensor network and adding communication and synchronization among simulators to model operational systems. This approach offers several potential advantages over existing approaches: (1) it can provide rapid response to system dynamics as well as efficiency since data exchange is local to the sensor network, (2) it can achieve better scalability to incorporate more sensors, and (3) it can provide better robustness to failures because portions of the system are still under local control. This research addresses several statistical issues in this ad hoc approach: (1) rapid and effective estimation of the input processes at model boundaries, (2) estimation of system-wide performance measures from individual simulator outputs, and (3) correction mechanisms responding to unexpected events or inaccuracies within the model. This thesis examines ad hoc distributed simulation analytically and experimentally, mainly focusing on the accuracy of predicting the performance of open queueing networks. First, the analytical part formalizes the ad hoc approach and evaluates its accuracy at modeling certain class of open queueing networks with regard to the steady-state system performance measures. This work concerning steady-state metrics is extended to a broader class of networks by an empirical study, which presents evidence to show that the ad hoc approach can generate predictions comparable to those from sequential simulations. Furthermore, a “buffered-area” mechanism is proposed to substantially reduce prediction bias with a moderate increase in execution time. In addition to those steady-state studies, another empirical study targets the prediction accuracy of the ad hoc approach at open queueing networks with short-term system-state transients. This study demonstrates that, with slight modification to the prior design of the ad hoc queueing simulation method for those steady-state studies, system dynamics can be well modeled. The results, again, support the conclusion that the ad hoc approach is competitive to the sequential simulation method in terms of prediction accuracy.

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10

Waterman, Jason. "Coordinated Resource Management in Networked Embedded Systems." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10651.

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This dissertation shows that with simple programming abstractions, network-wide resource coordination is efﬁcient and useful for programming embedded sensor networks. Existing systems have focused primarily on managing resources for individual nodes, but a sensor network is not merely a collection of nodes operating independently: it must coordinate behavior across multiple nodes to achieve high efﬁciency. We need tools that can enable system-wide coordination at a higher level of abstraction than what exists today. We present three core contributions. The ﬁrst is a service called IDEA that enables networkwide energy management for sensor networks. It unites energy monitoring, load modeling, and distributed state sharing into a single service that facilitates distributed decision making. Using simulation and testbed results, we show that IDEA enables improvements in network lifetime of up to 35% over approaches that do not consider energy distribution. Our second contribution is Karma, a system for coordinating insect-sized robotic microaerial vehicle (MAV) swarms, an emerging class of mobile sensor networks. Karmas system architecture simpliﬁes the functionality of an individual MAV to a sequence of sensing and actuation commands called behaviors. Each behavior has an associated progress function, a measure of how much of that behavior has been completed. Programming is done by composing behaviors which are coordinated using input from the progress functions. Through simulation and testbed experiments, we demonstrate Karma applications can run on limited resources, are robust to individual MAV failure, and adapt to changes in the environment. Our ﬁnal contribution is Simbeeotic, a testbed for MAV coordination algorithms. MAV sensors must be codesigned with the software and coordination algorithms that depend on them. This requires a testbed capable of simulating sensors to evaluate them before actual hardware is available and the ability to test with real ﬂight dynamics for accurate control evaluation. In addition, simulation should be able to scale to hundreds or thousands of MAVs at a reduced level of ﬁdelity in order to test at scale. We demonstrate that Simbeeotic provides the appropriate level of ﬁdelity to evaluate prototype systems while maintaining the ability to test at scale.
Engineering and Applied Sciences

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11

Dunkels, Adam. "Towards TCP/IP for Wireless Sensor Networks." Licentiate thesis, SICS, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-20989.

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Wireless sensor networks are composed of large numbers-up to thousands-of tiny radio-equipped sensors. Every sensor has a small microprocessor with enough power to allow the sensors to autonomously form networks through which sensor information is gathered. Wireless sensor networks makes it possible to monitor places like nuclear disaster areas or volcano craters without requiring humans to be immediately present. Many wireless sensor network applications cannot be performed in isolation; the sensor network must somehow be connected to monitoring and controlling entities. This thesis investigates a novel approach for connecting sensor networks to existing networks: by using the TCP/IP protocol suite in the sensor network, the sensors can be directly connected to an outside network without the need for special proxy servers or protocol converters. Bringing TCP/IP to wireless sensor networks is a challenging task, however. First, because of their limited physical size and low cost, sensors are severely constrained in terms of memory and processing power. Traditionally, these constraints have been considered too limiting for a sensor to be able to use the TCP/IP protocols. In this thesis, I show that even tiny sensors can communicate using TCP/IP. Second, the harsh communication conditions make TCP/IP perform poorly in terms of both throughput and energy efficiency. With this thesis, I suggest a number of optimizations that are intended to increase the performance of TCP/IP for sensor networks. The results of the work presented in this thesis has had a significant impact on the embedded TCP/IP networking community. The software developed as part of the thesis has become widely known in the community. The software is mentioned in books on embedded systems and networking, is used in academic courses on embedded systems, is the focus of articles in professional magazines, is incorporated in embedded operating systems, and is used in a large number of embedded devices.
Contiki
uIP

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12

Naik, Vinayak Shashikant. "Reliable and secure data transport in large scale wireless networks of embedded devices." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154092710.

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13

Doan, Xuan Tien. "Multivariate data analysis for embedded sensor networks within the perishable goods supply chain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multivariate-data-analysis-for-embedded-sensor-networks-within-the-perishable-goods-supply-chain(0b555420-442b-4787-b730-8acf95878996).html.

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This study was aimed at exploring data analysis techniques for generating accurate estimates of the loss in quality of fresh fruits, vegetables and cut flowers in chilled supply chains based on data from advanced sensors. It was motivated by the recent interest in the application of advanced sensors, by emerging concepts in quality controlled logistics, and by the desire to minimise quality losses during transport and storage of the produce. Cut roses were used in this work although the findings will also be applicable to other produce. The literature has reported that whilst temperature was considered to be the most critical post-harvest factor, others such as growing conditions could also be important in the senescence of cut roses. Kinetic modelling was the most commonly used modelling approach for shelf life predictions of foods and perishable produce, but not for estimating vase life (VL) of cut flowers, and so this was explored in this work along with multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS). As the senescence of cut roses is not fully understood, kinetic modelling could not be implemented directly. Consequently, a novel technique, called Kinetic Linear System (KLS), was developed based on kinetic modelling principles. Simulation studies of shelf life predictions for tomatoes, mushrooms, seasoned soybean sprouts, cooked shrimps and other seafood products showed that the KLS models could effectively replace the kinetic ones. With respect to VL predictions KLS, PLS and MLR were investigated for data analysis from an in-house experiment with cut roses from Cookes Rose Farm (Jersey). The analysis concluded that when the initial and final VLs were available for model calibration, effective estimates of the post-harvest loss in VL of cut roses could be obtained using the post-harvest temperature. Otherwise, when the initial VLs were not available, such effective estimates could not be obtained. Moreover, pre-harvest conditions were shown to correlate with the VL loss but the correlation was too weak to produce or improve an effective estimate of the loss. The results showed that KLS performance was the best while PLS one could be acceptable; but MLR performance was not adequate. In another experiment, boxes of cut roses were transported from a Kenyan farm to a UK distribution centre. Using KLS and PLS techniques, the analysis showed that the growing temperature could be used to obtain effective estimates of the VLs at the farm, at the distribution centre and also the in-transit loss. Further, using post-harvest temperature would lead to a smaller error for the VL at the distribution centre and the VL loss. Nevertheless, the estimates of the VL loss may not be useful practically due to the excessive relative prediction error. Overall, although PLS had a slightly smaller prediction error, KLS worked effectively in many cases where PLS failed, it could handle constraints while PLS could not.In conclusion, KLS and PLS can be used to generate effective estimates of the post-harvest VL loss of cut roses based on post-harvest temperature stresses recorded by advanced sensors. However, the estimates may not be useful practically due to significant relative errors. Alternatively, pre-harvest temperature could be used although it may lead to slightly higher errors. Although PLS had slightly smaller errors KLS was more robust and flexible. Further work is recommended in the objective evaluations of product quality, alternative non-linear techniques and dynamic decision support system.

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14

Dunkels, Adam. "Programming Memory-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems. PhD thesis." Doctoral thesis, Västerås : Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Mälardalen University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-173.

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15

Lizarraga, Adrian, and Adrian Lizarraga. "Modeling and Optimization Frameworks for Runtime Adaptable Embedded Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620835.

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The widespread adoption of embedded computing systems has resulted in the realization of numerous sensing, decision, and control applications with diverse application-specific requirements. However, such embedded systems applications are becoming increasingly difficult to design, simulate, and optimize due to the multitude of interdependent parameters that must be considered to achieve optimal, or near-optimal, performance that meets design constraints. This situation is further exacerbated for data-adaptable embedded systems (DAES) applications due to the dynamic characteristics of the deployment environment and the data streams on which these systems operate. As operating conditions change, these embedded systems must continue to adapt their configuration and composition at runtime in order to meet application requirements. To assist both platform developers and application domain experts, this dissertation presents design and optimization frameworks for the synthesis of runtime adaptable embedded systems. For sensor network applications, we present an initial dynamic profiling and optimization platform that profiles network and sensor node activity to generate optimal node configurations at runtime based on designed-specified application requirements. To support a broader class of DAES applications, we present a modeling and optimization framework that supports the specification of application task flows, data types, and runtime estimation models for the runtime adaptation of task implementations and device mappings. Experimental results for these design and optimization frameworks demonstrate the benefits of dynamic optimization compared to static optimization alternatives. For the presented sensor network and video-based collision avoidance applications, dynamic configurations exhibited improvements of up to 109% and 76%, respectively. Moreover, the performance of the heuristic design space exploration (DSE) algorithms utilized by the runtime optimization frameworks is compared to exhaustive DSE implementations, resulting in speedups of up to 1662X and 544X for the same two applications, respectively.

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16

MOHD, NOR RIZAL. "OXYBUOY: CONSTRUCTING A REAL-TIME INEXPENSIVE HYPOXIA MONITORING PLATFORM." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1256325512.

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17

Fryman, Joshua Bruce. "SoftCache Architecture." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7205.

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Multiple trends in computer architecture are beginning to collide as process technology reaches ever smaller feature sizes. Problems with managing power, access times across a die, and increasing complexity to sustain growth are now blocking commercial products like the Pentium 4. These problems also occur in the embedded system space, albeit in a slightly different form. However, as process technology marches on, today's high-performance space is becoming tomorrow's embedded space. New techniques are needed to overcome these problems. In this thesis, we propose a novel architecture called SoftCache to address these emerging issues for embedded systems. We reduce the on-die memory controller infrastructure which reduces both power and space requirements, using the ubiquitous network device arena as a proving ground of viability. In addition, the SoftCache achieves further power and area savings by converting on-die cache structures into directly addressable SRAM and reducing or eliminating the external DRAM. To avoid the burden of programming complexity this approach presents to the application developer, we provide a transparent client-server dynamic binary translation system that runs arbitrary ELF executables on a stripped-down embedded target. One drawback to such a scheme lies in the overhead of additional instructions required to effect cache behavior, particularly with respect to data caching. Another drawback is the power use when fetching from remote memory over the network. The SoftCache comprises a dynamic client-server translation system on simplified hardware, targeted at Intel XScale client devices controlled from servers over the network. Reliance upon a network server as a ``backing store' introduces new levels of complexity, yet also allows for more efficient use of local space. The explicitly software managed aspects create a cache of variable line size, full associativity, and high flexibility. This thesis explores these particular issues, while approaching everything from the perspective of feasibility and actual architectural changes.

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18

Stucki, Eric Thomas. "Medium Access Control and Networking Protocols for the Intra-Body Network." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1182.pdf.

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19

Diao, Xunxing. "A resource-aware embedded commucation system for highly dynamic networks." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715649.

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Chaque année en Europe, 1.300.000 accidents de la route ont comme conséquence 1.700.000 blessés. Le coût financier d'accidents de la route est évalué à 160 milliards d'euros (approximativement le même coût aux Etats-Unis). VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork) est une des technologies clés qui peut permettre de réduire d'une façon significative le nombre d'accidents de la route (e.g. message d'urgence signalant la présence d'un obstacle ou d'un véhicule en cas de brouillard). En plus de l'amélioration de la sécurité et du confort des conducteurs et des passagers, VANET peut contribuer à beaucoup d'applications potentielles telles que la prévision et la détection d'embouteillages, la gestion d'infrastructure de système de transport urbain (e.g. système de transport intelligent multimodal) etc. Dans cette thèse, je présenterai un système embarqué dédié à la communication inter-véhicule particulièrement pour les applications sécuritaires de passagers et de conducteurs. Nos efforts de recherche et de développement sont centrés sur deux principaux objectifs : minimiser le temps de latence intra-noeud et le délai de communication inter-véhicule en prenant en compte le changement dynamique du VANET. De ce fait pour atteindre ces objectifs, des nouvelles approches (e.g. inter-couche 'Cross-layering') ont été explorées pour respecter les contraintes de ressource (QoS, mémoire, CPU et énergie de la communication inter-véhicule) d'un système embarqué à faible coût. Le système de communication embarqué proposé comporte deux composants logiciels principaux : un protocole de communication dénommé CIVIC (Communication Inter Véhicule Intelligente et Coopérative) et un système d'exploitation temps réel appelé HEROS (Hybrid Event-driven and Real-time multitasking Operating System). CIVIC est un protocole de communication géographique à faible consommation énergétique et à faible temps de latence (délai de communication). HEROS gère contextuellement l'ensemble du système (matériel et logiciel) en minimisant le temps de latence et la consommation des ressources (CPU et mémoire). En outre, le protocole de communication CIVIC est équipé d'un système de localisation LCD-GPS (Low Cost Differential GPS). Pour tester et valider les différentes techniques et théories, la plateforme matérielle LiveNode (LImos Versatile Embedded wireless sensor NODE) a été utilisée. En effet, la plateforme LiveNode permet de développer et de prototyper rapidement des applications dans différents domaines. Le protocole de communication CIVIC est basé sur la technique de 'broadcast' à un saut ; de ce fait il est indépendant de la spécificité du réseau. Pour les expérimentations, seule la norme d'IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) a été choisie comme médium d'accès sans fil. Il est à noter que le médium d'accès sans fil ZigBee a été adopté comme le médium standard pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSFs) et le standard 6LoWPAN ; car il est peu coûteux et peu gourmand en énergie. Bien que le protocole de communication à l'origine soit conçu pour répondre aux exigences de VANET, ses domaines d'application ne sont pas limités à VANET. Par exemple il a été utilisé dans différents projets tels que MOBI+ (système de transport urbain intelligent) et NeT-ADDED (projet européen FP6 : agriculture de précision). Les VANETs et les RCSFs sont les réseaux fortement dynamiques, mais les causes de changement topologique de réseau sont différentes : dans le réseau VANET, il est dû à la mobilité des véhicules, et dans le RCSF, il est dû aux pannes des noeuds sans fil. Il est à noter que le VANET et le RCSF sont généralement considérés comme un sous-ensemble du réseau MANET (réseau ad-hoc mobile). Cependant, ils sont réellement tout à fait différents du MANET classique, et leurs similitudes et différences seront expliquées en détail dans la thèse. La contribution principale de mes travaux est le protocole CIVIC, qui échange des messages en basant sur l'information géographique des noeuds (position). Les travaux relatifs de la thèse se concentreront sur les techniques, les problèmes et les solutions de routage géographique, mais d'autres techniques de routage seront également adressées. Quelques projets relatifs au protocole de communication ont été étudiés mais leur implémentation et les aspects d'expérimentation n'ont pas été détaillés. Enfin la thèse ne présente pas simplement les techniques et concepts adoptés, et les résultats de simulation, mais en outre, elle expliquera les aspects techniques importants pour la réalisation et l'expérimentation des différentes applications ainsi que les résultats concrets obtenus.

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20

Liu, Junbin. "Distributed low-power image processing in wireless sensor networks for intelligent video surveillance applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63311/1/Junbin_Liu_Thesis.pdf.

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Distributed Wireless Smart Camera (DWSC) network is a special type of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that processes captured images in a distributed manner. While image processing on DWSCs sees a great potential for growth, with its applications possessing a vast practical application domain such as security surveillance and health care, it suffers from tremendous constraints. In addition to the limitations of conventional WSNs, image processing on DWSCs requires more computational power, bandwidth and energy that presents significant challenges for large scale deployments. This dissertation has developed a number of algorithms that are highly scalable, portable, energy efficient and performance efficient, with considerations of practical constraints imposed by the hardware and the nature of WSN. More specifically, these algorithms tackle the problems of multi-object tracking and localisation in distributed wireless smart camera net- works and optimal camera configuration determination. Addressing the first problem of multi-object tracking and localisation requires solving a large array of sub-problems. The sub-problems that are discussed in this dissertation are calibration of internal parameters, multi-camera calibration for localisation and object handover for tracking. These topics have been covered extensively in computer vision literatures, however new algorithms must be invented to accommodate the various constraints introduced and required by the DWSC platform. A technique has been developed for the automatic calibration of low-cost cameras which are assumed to be restricted in their freedom of movement to either pan or tilt movements. Camera internal parameters, including focal length, principal point, lens distortion parameter and the angle and axis of rotation, can be recovered from a minimum set of two images of the camera, provided that the axis of rotation between the two images goes through the camera's optical centre and is parallel to either the vertical (panning) or horizontal (tilting) axis of the image. For object localisation, a novel approach has been developed for the calibration of a network of non-overlapping DWSCs in terms of their ground plane homographies, which can then be used for localising objects. In the proposed approach, a robot travels through the camera network while updating its position in a global coordinate frame, which it broadcasts to the cameras. The cameras use this, along with the image plane location of the robot, to compute a mapping from their image planes to the global coordinate frame. This is combined with an occupancy map generated by the robot during the mapping process to localised objects moving within the network. In addition, to deal with the problem of object handover between DWSCs of non-overlapping fields of view, a highly-scalable, distributed protocol has been designed. Cameras that follow the proposed protocol transmit object descriptions to a selected set of neighbours that are determined using a predictive forwarding strategy. The received descriptions are then matched at the subsequent camera on the object's path using a probability maximisation process with locally generated descriptions. The second problem of camera placement emerges naturally when these pervasive devices are put into real use. The locations, orientations, lens types etc. of the cameras must be chosen in a way that the utility of the network is maximised (e.g. maximum coverage) while user requirements are met. To deal with this, a statistical formulation of the problem of determining optimal camera configurations has been introduced and a Trans-Dimensional Simulated Annealing (TDSA) algorithm has been proposed to effectively solve the problem.

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21

Allgayer, Rodrigo Schmidt. "Femtonode : arquitetura de nó-sensor reconfigurável e customizável para rede de sensores sem fio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17293.

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Com o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de aplicações para Redes de Sensores sem Fio (RSSF), os nós-sensores passaram a realizar o tratamento de eventos mais complexos, exigindo um maior desempenho de processamento e flexibilidade do hardware. Estas novas características visam atender os requisitos de diversas aplicações, assim como, apresentarem plataformas customizáveis que possuem somente os recursos necessários para atender estes requisitos. As RSSF, muitas vezes, necessitam de uma arquitetura flexível e que estejam aptas a adaptar-se a alterações de projeto ou do próprio ambiente em que se encontram inserido. A utilização de arquiteturas reconfiguráveis é uma solução que introduz esta flexibilidade e uma grande capacidade de processamento ao nó-sensor. Comparando com as arquiteturas ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), as arquiteturas reconfiguráveis apresentam um custo reduzido no desenvolvimento de aplicações, visto que a plataforma não fica fixa a somente uma aplicação. A reconfigurabilidade permite um ganho no custo e tempo de projeto, além de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de plataformas genéricas para atender um número maior de aplicações. A proposta destas plataformas é, não apenas oferecer uma plataforma eficiente e flexível, mas também potencializar a aplicação em sistemas mais complexos que necessitem de uma maior capacidade de processamento. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um nó-sensor reconfigurável e customizável para RSSF denominado FemtoNode. O FemtoNode possui em sua plataforma reconfigurável um processador especificado a partir de uma linguagem orientada a objetos Java e um módulo de comunicação sem fio para suportar comunicação entre os nós da rede. A arquitetura proposta foi validada com o estudo de caso de uma rede de sensores heterogênea composta por nós-sensores com plataformas distintas, sendo a análise realizada na presente dissertação.
With the growth and the development of new applications for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), sensors nodes are able to handle more complex events that require higher processing performance and hardware flexibility. These new features are intended to meet the requirements of various applications, as well to provide customized platforms that have only the resources needed to meet these requirements. WSNs often need a flexible architecture able to adapt to design and environment changes. The use of reconfigurable architectures is an alternative to bring more flexibility and more processing capability for the sensor-node. Compared with ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) architectures, which have a high cost in production setup, reconfigurable architectures enable a reduction in these costs because its architecture is not fixed to a single application. Reconfigurability allows a gain in the project costs and time development, and it enables the development of generic platforms to deal with a greater number of applications. Therefore, the proposal target architecture that aims to provide a flexible and efficient platform that require greater processing capacity which support the development of applications. In this work a reconfigurable and customizable sensor-node called FemtoNode is proposed. The FemtoNode has a reconfigurable platform and a wireless module to support applications for WSNs, using an object-oriented language Java as specification language of its architecture. The proposed concepts were validated with a case study of an heterogeneous wireless sensor composed of sensors nodes with different platforms, whose results are described in this work.

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Ouyang, Wenbin. "On-Loom Fabric Defect Inspection Using Contact Image Sensors and Activation Layer Embedded Convolutional Neural Network." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404537/.

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Malfunctions on loom machines are the main causes of faulty fabric production. An on-loom fabric inspection system is a real-time monitoring device that enables immediate defect detection for human intervention. This dissertation presented a solution for the on-loom fabric defect inspection, including the new hardware design—the configurable contact image sensor (CIS) module—for on-loom fabric scanning and the defect detection algorithms. The main contributions of this work include (1) creating a configurable CIS module adaptable to a loom width, which brings CIS unique features, such as sub-millimeter resolution, compact size, short working distance and low cost, to the fabric defect inspection system, (2) designing a two-level hardware architecture that can be efficiently deployed in a weaving factory with hundreds of looms, (3) developing a two-level inspecting scheme, with which the initial defect screening is performed on the Raspberry Pi and the intensive defect verification is processed on the cloud server, (4) introducing the novel pairwise-potential activation layer to a convolutional neural network that leads to high accuracies of defect segmentation on fabrics with fine and imbalanced structures, (5) achieving a real-time defect detection that allows a possible defect to be examined multiple times, and (6) implementing a new color segmentation technique suitable for processing multi-color fabric defects. The novel CIS-based on-loom scanning system offered real-time and high-resolution fabric images, which was able to deliver the information of single thread on a fabric. The algorithm evaluation on the fabric defect datasets showed a non-miss-detection rate on defect-free fabrics. The average precision of defect existed images reached above 90% at the pixel level. The detected defect pixels' integrity—the recall scored around 70%. Possible defect regions overestimated on ground truth images and the morphologies of fine defects similar to regular fabric pattern were the two major reasons that caused the imperfection in defect pixel locating. The experiments showed the defect areas on multi-color fabrics could be precisely located under the proposed color segmentation algorithm.

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Zeitz, Kimberly Ann. "Cybersecurity for the Internet of Things: A Micro Moving Target IPv6 Defense." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102446.

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As the use of low-power and low-resource embedded devices continues to increase dramatically with the introduction of new Internet of Things (IoT) devices, security techniques are necessary which are compatible with these devices. This research advances the knowledge in the area of cybersecurity for the IoT through the exploration of a moving target defense to apply for limiting the time attackers may conduct reconnaissance on embedded systems while considering the challenges presented from IoT devices such as resource and performance constraints. We introduce the design and optimizations for µMT6D, a Micro-Moving Target IPv6 Defense, including a description of the modes of operation and use of lightweight hash algorithms. Through simulations and experiments µMT6D is shown to be viable for use on low power and low resource embedded devices in terms of footprint, power consumption, and energy consumption increases in comparison to the given security benefits. Finally, this provides information on other future considerations and possible avenues of further experimentation and research.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Meghji, Mahir Lumumba. "On a Joint Physical Layer and Medium Access Control Sublayer Design for Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/590.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed networks comprising small sensing devices equipped with a processor, memory, power source, and often with the capability for short range wireless communication. These networks are used in various applications, and have created interest in WSN research and commercial uses, including industrial, scientific, household, military, medical and environmental domains. These initiatives have also been stimulated by the finalisation of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which defines the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN). Future applications may require large WSNs consisting of huge numbers of inexpensive wireless sensor nodes with limited resources (energy, bandwidth), operating in harsh environmental conditions. WSNs must perform reliably despite novel resource constraints including limited bandwidth, channel errors, and nodes that have limited operating energy. Improving resource utilisation and quality-of-service (QoS), in terms of reliable connectivity and energy efficiency, are major challenges in WSNs. Hence, the development of new WSN applications with severe resource constraints will require innovative solutions to overcome the above issues as well as improving the robustness of network components, and developing sustainable and cost effective implementation models. The main purpose of this research is to investigate methods for improving the performance of WSNs to maintain reliable network connectivity, scalability and energy efficiency. The study focuses on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY layers and the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) based networks. First, transmission power control (TPC) is investigated in multi and single-hop WSNs using typical hardware platform parameters via simulation and numerical analysis. A novel approach to testing TPC at the physical layer is developed, and results show that contrary to what has been reported from previous studies, in multi-hop networks TPC does not save energy. Next, the network initialization/self-configuration phase is addressed through investigation of the 802.15.4 MAC beacon interval setting and the number of associating nodes, in terms of association delay with the coordinator. The results raise doubt whether that the association energy consumption will outweigh the benefit of duty cycle power management for larger beacon intervals as the number of associating nodes increases. The third main contribution of this thesis is a new cross layer (PHY-MAC) design to improve network energy efficiency, reliability and scalability by minimising packet collisions due to hidden nodes. This is undertaken in response to findings in this thesis on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC performance in the presence of hidden nodes. Specifically, simulation results show that it is the random backoff exponent that is of paramount importance for resolving collisions and not the number of times the channel is sensed before transmitting. However, the random backoff is ineffective in the presence of hidden nodes. The proposed design uses a new algorithm to increase the sensing coverage area, and therefore greatly reduces the chance of packet collisions due to hidden nodes. Moreover, the design uses a new dynamic transmission power control (TPC) to further reduce energy consumption and interference. The above proposed changes can smoothly coexist with the legacy 802.15.4 CSMA/CA. Finally, an improved two dimensional discrete time Markov chain model is proposed to capture the performance of the slotted 802.15.4 CSMA/CA. This model rectifies minor issues apparent in previous studies. The relationship derived for the successful transmission probability, throughput and average energy consumption, will provide better performance predictions. It will also offer greater insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the MAC operation, and possible enhancement opportunities. Overall, the work presented in this thesis provides several significant insights into WSN performance improvements with both existing protocols and newly designed protocols. Finally, some of the numerous challenges for future research are described.

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Chis, Andreea. "Méthodes et outils pour la compilation et l'optimisation logicielle des systèmes embarqués sans fil dédiés à des applications." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0708.

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Les réseaux de capteurs communicants sont fortement contraints en ressources : calcul, mémoire et énergie. Dans ce contexte, une attention particulière doit être portée lors de la conception des application, des protocoles de communication et du système d'exploitation qui vont être exécutés sur les plateformes. Le but de cette thèse a été d'adapter les modèles de logiciels utilisés classiquement pour la programmation d'applications au domaine des réseaux de capteurs et de proposer des méthodes et outils permettant de construire une version adaptée du logiciel devant s'exécuter sur les cibles à partir d'un modèle de l'application. Une des composantes qui consomment le plus d'énergie d'un micro-capteur c'est son interface radio. Le comportement d'une couche MAC peut être exprimé comme un automate temporisé avec des états fixes (qui correspondent a des états spécifiques du dispositif physique) ou des états libres (dont le choix de mappage est laissé au choix du programmeur). Le comportement d'un périphérique radio peut lui-même être exprimé comme un automate temporisé composé d' états transitoires (avec durée fixe de l'état) et non transitoires (avec une durée illimitée mais avec une contrainte de temps minimal à passer dans l'état). Le problème de mapper un état software libre de durée fixe sur un chemin dans l'automate du dispositif physique en minimisant l'énergie est prouvé NP-complète. Une heuristique permettant de mapper les états libres d'un automate correspondant à un protocole software sur des états ou chemins entre les états d'un dispositif physique est proposée. L'approche amène à des gains théoriques de 60% pour B-MAC- une couche MAC classique. Pour les 2 catégories de système d'exploitation dédiés à ce type d'applications (modèle à événements et modèle à threads), des squelettes de code sont générés. Adapté a Mantis OS, le squelette de code pour B-MAC confirme en simulation sur la plateforme Worldsens les gains théoriques. Des simulations sur la plateforme réelle Senslab ont prouvé que l'optimisation en terme d'energie ne modifie pas les performances fonctionnelles du protocole
Wireless Sensor Networks are are highly constrained in resources: computation, memory and energy. In this context, particular attention must be paid when designing applications, communication protocols and operating systems that will run on the sensor nodes. The purpose of this thesis was to adapt the software models conventionally used for programming applications to the field of sensor networks and to propose methods and tools to build a customized version of the software to run on the sensor nodes from a model of the application.One of the components of a micro-sensor that consumes the most energy is its radio interface. The behavior of a MAC layer protocol can be expressed as a timed automaton with fixed states (which correspond to specific states of the physical device) or free states ( the choice for their mapping is left to the programmer). The behavior of a radio device itself can be expressed as an automaton consisting of transitional (with fixed duration) and non-transitional states (with unlimited duration but with a minimum time duration constraint). The problem of mapping a free state of the software of fixed duration on a path of the physical device by minimizing the energy consumed is proven to be NP-complete. A heuristic to map the free states of an automaton corresponding to a software protocol to states or paths between the states of a physical device is proposed. The approach leads to theoretical gains of 60% for the mapping of B-MAC, a MAC layer protocol. For two categories of operating systems dedicated to Wireless Sensor Networks (event model and multi-threaded), code skeletons are generated. The simulations under the Worldsens platform of the multi-threaded code skeleton generated for B-MAC and adapted to Mantis OS confirmed the theoretical gains. Experiments on the real platform SensLab have shown that the optimization in terms of energy does not change the functional performance of the protocol

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Cemin, David. "Arquitetura de agentes móveis reconfiguráveis para redes de sensores sem fio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/75710.

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Redes de sensores sem fio (RSSFs) heterogêneas podem combinar nós estáticos e nós móveis. Os nós móveis podem ainda conter um hardware mais sofisticado quando comparado aos nós estáticos. Veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANTs) podem conferir mobilidade ao nó sensor aumentando a flexibilidade da RSSF onde ele está inserido. Tanto os VANTs quanto outros n´os sensores comuns podem conter uma arquitetura de hardware reconfiguraável, como por exemplo um FPGA, e com isso adquirir um poder computacional diferenciado. RSSFs propiciam um grande e interessante espectro de aplicações possíveis, tais como vigilância aérea, suporte `a segurança pública entre outros. As RSSFs podem ser configuradas através do uso de agentes móveis, que são capazes de migrar carregando as tarefas que serão executadas nos n´os. Neste cenário, este trabalho descreve uma arquitetura de agentes reconfiguráveis para redes de sensores sem fio. Os agentes são capazes de serem executados como um agente puramente em software, ou também como um agente em hardware, de- pendendo do ambiente de execução disponível e do design escolhido. A arquitetura proposta para o agente reconfiguraável apresenta a transparência necessária ao agente para que o resto do sistema não perceba a natureza dos agentes que estão sendo executados na plataforma. Além disso, a arquitetura permite a migração dinâmica de agentes que reconfiguram o sistema também de uma maneira transparente. São mostrados exemplos de casos de uso que demostram a viabilidade de uso da arquitetura proposta e este trabalho ainda mostra a análise realizada sobre estas plataformas.
Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSN) can combine static nodes and mobile nodes. Theses mobile nodes may contain a sophisticated hardware when compared to static nodes. Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) can confer mobility to the sensor node increasing the flexibility of the WSN to where it is inserted. UAVs as well as other common sensor nodes can have a reconfigurable hardware architecture, as, for example, an FPGA and with this achieve a differentiated computational power. WSNs enable a vast and interesting spectrum of possible applications, like aerial surveillance, public security support, among others. The WSNs can be configured by the use of mobile agents, which are capable of migrating among the nodes, carrying the tasks to be executed and that will be instantiated on a given node. In this scenario, this work describes an architecture of reconfigurable agents to wireless sensor networks. The agents can be implemented purely in software or as a hardware agent, depending on the available execution environment and on the chosen design. The proposed architecture presents the necessary transparency to the agent so that the rest of the system is not aware of the nature of the agents that are implemented on the platform. Furthermore, the architecture enables dynamic migration of agents that reconfigure the system in a transparent way as well. In this work, use cases examples that demonstrate the feasibility of using the proposed architecture are shown, as well as the analysis performed on these platforms.

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Francillon, Aurélien. "Attacking and Protecting Constrained Embedded Systems from Control Flow Attacks." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540371.

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La sécurité des systèmes embarqués très contraints est un domaine qui prend de l'importance car ceux-ci ont tendance à être toujours plus connectés et présents dans de nombreuses applications industrielles aussi bien que dans la vie de tous les jours. Cette thèse étudie les attaques logicielles dans le contexte des systèmes embarqués communicants par exemple de type réseaux de capteurs. Ceux-ci, reposent sur diverses architectures qui possèdent souvent, pour des raisons des coût, des capacités de calcul et de mémoire très réduites. Dans la première partie de cette thèse nous montrons la faisabilité de l'injection de code dans des micro-contrôleurs d'architecture Harvard, ce qui était, jusqu'à présent, souvent considéré comme impossible. Dans la seconde partie nous étudions les protocoles d'attestation de code. Ceux-ci permettent de détecter les équipements compromis dans un réseau de capteurs. Nous présentons plusieurs attaques sur les protocoles d'attestation de code existants. De plus nous proposons une méthode améliorée permettant d'éviter ces attaques. Finalement, dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous proposons une modification de l'architecture mémoire d'un micro-contrôleur. Cette modification permet de prévenir les attaques de manipulation du flot de contrôle, tout en restant très simple a implémenter.

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Iqbal, Javed, and Farhan Moughal. "Wireless Sensor Network Setup : Wireless sensor motes embedded programing." Thesis, Halmstad University, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5005.

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Exploitation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in ubiquitous computing environments is continuously increasing for gathering data. Contemporary distributed software systems on WSNs for pragmatic business applications have become extremely adaptive, dynamic, heterogeneous and large scaled. Management of such system is not trivial to fulfil these features, leading to more and more complex management and configuration. Along with encompassing state of art and novel techniques for such diversely dynamic system, in this thesis two alternative techniques namely “task initiation by command” and “run-time task deployment and processing” are compared, for such system’s setup and configuration. Both techniques have their own pros and cons which makes them suitable according to the requirements and contextual situations. A lot of effort has been put to make WSNs more and more efficient in terms of computations and power consumption. Hence comparative analysis of both techniques used in this report to setup and configure WSN can be a benchmark to lead towards most appropriate solution to compensate the need of efficient energy and resource consumption.Both alternative schemes are implemented to setup WSN on Sun Microsystems sunSPOT (Small Programmable Object Technology) sensor nodes which are embedded microcontrollers and programmed them in java (j2me). It performs radio communication between wireless sensors and host via sink node also called base station, along with over the air run-time management of sensors. SunSPOTs built in libraries and KSN libraries are used to implement these alternatives and compare the memory footprint, communication pattern and energy consumption.Exploitation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in ubiquitous computing environments is continuously increasing for gathering data. Contemporary distributed software systems on WSNs for pragmatic business applications have become extremely adaptive, dynamic, heterogeneous and large scaled. Management of such system is not trivial to fulfil these features, leading to more and more complex management and configuration. Along with encompassing state of art and novel techniques for such diversely dynamic system, in this thesis two alternative techniques namely “task initiation by command” and “run-time task deployment and processing” are compared, for such system’s setup and configuration. Both techniques have their own pros and cons which makes them suitable according to the requirements and contextual situations. A lot of effort has been put to make WSNs more and more efficient in terms of computations and power consumption. Hence comparative analysis of both techniques used in this report to setup and configure WSN can be a benchmark to lead towards most appropriate solution to compensate the need of efficient energy and resource consumption.Both alternative schemes are implemented to setup WSN on Sun Microsystems sunSPOT (Small Programmable Object Technology) sensor nodes which are embedded microcontrollers and programmed them in java (j2me). It performs radio communication between wireless sensors and host via sink node also called base station, along with over the air run-time management of sensors. SunSPOTs built in libraries and KSN libraries are used to implement these alternatives and compare the memory footprint, communication pattern and energy consumption.

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Burbano, Andres. "Système de caméras intelligentes pour l’étude en temps-réel de personnes en mouvement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS139/document.

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Nous proposons un système dedétection et de suivi des personnes enmouvement dans des grands espaces. Notresolution repose sur un réseau de camérasintelligentes pour l'extraction desinformations spatio-temporelles despersonnes. Les caméras sont composées d'uncapteur 3D, d'un système embarqué et decommunication. Nous avons montrél'efficacité du placement des capteurs 3D enposition zénithale par rapport auxoccultations et variations d’échelle.Nous garantissons l'exécution des traitementsen temps-réel (~20 fps), permettantde détecter des déplacements rapides avecune précision jusqu’à 99 %, et capable d’unfiltrage paramétrique des cibles non désiréescomme les enfants ou les caddies.Nous avons réalisé une étude sur la viabilitétechnologique des résultats pour de grandsespaces, rendant la solution industrialisable
We propose a detection and trackingsystem of people moving in large spacessystem. Our solution is based on a network ofsmart cameras capable of retrievingspatiotemporal information from the observedpeople. These smart cameras are composed bya 3d sensor, an onboard system and acommunication and power supply system. Weexposed the efficacy of the overhead positionto decreasing the occlusion and the scale'svariation.Finally, we carried out a study on the use ofspace, and a global trajectories analysis ofrecovered information by our and otherssystems, able to track people in large andcomplex spaces

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Silva, Marcel Salvioni da 1980. "Rede de sensores sem fio de baixo custo para monitoramento ambiental." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259030.

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Orientador: Fabiano Fruett
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T05:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarcelSalvionida_M.pdf: 30571418 bytes, checksum: 4cd818ffde793df4bbebdbbf472d1b6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Existem diversos sistemas e equipamentos, com finalidades específicas, envolvendo o monitoramento das mudanças de clima e de tempo. Entretanto, a maioria desses sistemas e equipamentos disponíveis no mercado possuem alto custo, o que normalmente inviabiliza sua utilização em larga escala. Além disso, a maioria dos sistemas e equipamentos para este fim são importados, o que dificulta ainda mais a sua inserção em aplicações corriqueiras. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento, projeto, testes e aplicação de uma rede de sensores sem fio de baixo custo, para monitoramento em tempo real da temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar e pressão atmosférica, como uma alternativa nacional para pesquisas que necessitem de equipamentos para monitoramento ambiental. A rede é composta de quatro nós sensores e um nó coordenador. Os nós sensores possuem um sensor de temperatura e umidade e um sensor de pressão barométrica ¿ ambos com interface digital ¿ além de um microcontrolador de baixo consumo de energia e baixo custo, e um módulo de comunicação para uma rede operando na frequência de 2,4GHz, para conexão numa rede padrão IEEE 802.15.4. O nó coordenador possui outro módulo de comunicação para a conexão na rede sem fio, um microcontrolador, um cartão de memória para armazenamento das informações de cada nó sensor e interface Ethernet para disponibilizar as medidas do sensor em uma página web, acessada através de um IP estático em um browser de internet comum. Testes em laboratório e em campo atestaram autonomia do nó sensor (em torno de 90 dias para uma bateria de 500mAh) e alcance (de aproximadamente 150m em visada direta) e comprovaram a conformidade dos valores medidos por cada nó, através da comparação com um sistema de referência
Abstract: There are several systems and equipments with specific applications related to climate and weather change monitoring. However, most of these systems and equipments available in the market are too expensive ¿ which usually prevents their use in large scale. Furthermore, most of them used for such purpose are imported, which further complicates their insertion in everyday applications. This work describes the development, implementation and application of a low-cost wireless sensor network for temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure monitoring, in real-time as a national alternative for researches which demand equipments for environmental monitoring. The network consists of four sensor nodes and a coordinator node. Sensor nodes have a temperature and humidity sensor and a barometric sensor ¿ both with digital interface ¿ plus a low cost and low power microcontroller and a communication module for the wireless network operating at 2.4GHz for establishing connection to an IEEE 802.15.4 network. Coordinator node has another communication module to the wireless network connection, a microcontroller for receiving measurements, a memory card for storage of each sensor node¿s information, and Ethernet interface to provide sensor node¿s information in an embedded webpage, accessed through a static IP in a common internet browser. Tests performed in laboratories and in the field attested the node¿s autonomy (around 90 days for a 500mAh battery) and reach (approximately 150m line-of-sight), and proved the compliance of measurements performed by each sensor node, through comparison with a reference system
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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Lopes, Alison Zille 1982. "Contribuições para o desenvolvimento sustentável de um sistema de monitoramento e controle de galpões para frangos de corte." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260791.

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Orientadores: Gilmar Barreto, Fabiano Fruett
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Em um âmbito global, a conquista de maior produtividade na agricultura e pecuária é extremamente importante para combater a pobreza e a fome, uma vez que cerca de 78 % da população pobre do mundo vive na zona rural e depende destas atividades para sobreviver. Neste cenário, na busca por soluções a problemas práticos relacionados à agricultura e pecuária, o acesso à tecnologia é fator determinante, levando países em desenvolvimento a explorarem os benefícios do paradigma open source (livre acesso, modificação e distribuição). No Brasil, a cadeia produtiva de aves é um dos principais setores do agronegócio, que se baseia em um modelo de integração composto principalmente por pequenos produtores, extremamente dependentes das integradoras, financeira e tecnologicamente, e com baixo nível de automação em seus aviários. Entretanto, a automação das instalações avícolas é a principal oportunidade para a melhoria do desempenho produtivo e bem estar das aves, além de permitir o uso racional da propriedade e demais recursos naturais, impactando positivamente na qualidade de vida dos produtores. Assim, este trabalho descreve o projeto e desenvolvimento de um sistema de automação destinado ao monitoramento e controle em instalações destinadas a criação de frangos de corte. Apresentando-se como uma proposta de automação open source software e hardware, este sistema foi concebido com o intuito de atrair contribuições das mais variadas fontes, principalmente do meio acadêmico e de usuários, incitando a discussão e o desenvolvimento de meios técnicos e estruturais necessários a sua implantação e aceitação entre pequenos e médios produtores de frangos de corte. O processo de desenvolvimento deste sistema, conduzido inteiramente através do uso de ferramentas gratuitas ou open source, também se beneficiou pelo emprego da tecnologia de transmissão sem fio Zigbee® e de uma distribuição Linux Embarcado. O padrão Zigbee® favoreceu a abordagem open source ao permitir a elaboração de uma proposta modular de automação; diferentes dispositivos de hardware (módulos) que operam colaborativamente, monitorando o ambiente térmico, controlando os sistemas de climatização e iluminação e registrando informações relacionadas aos planteis. A adoção do Linux embarcado reduziu a preocupação com detalhes do hardware, o que direcionou o foco para o software e sua usabilidade, produzindo um sistema mais atraente a usuários e a desenvolvedores (pesquisadores, estudantes ou entusiastas) interessados em colaborar com o projeto. Durante avaliações conduzidas no protótipo do sistema, este se mostrou estável na execução do monitoramento e controle, além de apresentar custo relativamente baixo frente suas características. Este sistema é o primeiro passo na direção de uma solução de automação sustentável, que ao beneficiar a sociedade, através de um sistema configurável e de fácil utilização, esta contribui pra sua manutenção e evolução. A sustentabilidade desta proposta está vinculada à sua associação a projetos de ensino, pesquisa e, principalmente, extensão universitária, aproximando produtor rural e meio acadêmico, gerando melhoria da produção e qualidade das instalações avícolas ao passo que proporciona aprendizado técnico e científico em uma área de grande importância para a nossa economia
Abstract: In a global context, achieving greater productivity in agriculture is extremely important to combat poverty and hunger, since about 78% of the world¿s poor people live in rural areas and depend on agriculture to survive. In this way, looking for practical solutions to agriculture problems, aiming at improving the quality of life of rural community, the access to technology is a key factor, which has led developing countries to explore the benefits of open source paradigm (free access, modification and distribution). In Brazil, the broiler production chain is one of the main sectors of its agribusiness, based on an integrated production model composed mainly by small producers heavily dependent on the integrated industry, financial and technologically, and with low level of automation in their broiler houses. However, the broiler houses¿ automation is the main opportunity to improve birds¿ productive performance and welfare, and it facilitates the rational use of the property and other natural resources, impacting positively on the broiler farmers¿ quality of life. This work describes the design and development of an automation system for monitoring and control in facilities for raising broiler chickens. Presenting itself as an open source software and hardware automation proposal, this system is designed in order to attract contributions from various sources, mainly from academia and users, by encouraging discussion and the development of technical and structural means to its implementation and acceptance among small and medium producers of broiler chickens. The system¿s development process, conducted entirely through the use of free or open source tools, was also benefited by the adoption of the ZigBee® wireless transmission technology and an embedded Linux distribution. The ZigBee® standard favored the open source approach by enabling the preparation of a modular automation proposal; different hardware devices (modules) that operate collaboratively, monitoring the thermal environment, controlling the climatization and illumination systems and recording information related to breeding stocks. The adoption of embedded Linux reduced the concern with hardware details, which directed the focus to software and its usability, producing a system more attractive to users and developers (researchers, students and enthusiasts) interested to collaborate with the project. During evaluations conducted in the system prototype, it presented a stable behavior in the implementation of monitoring and control activities, as well a relatively low cost before its features. This system is the first step toward a sustainable automation solution, while it benefits society, through a configurable and easy-to-use system, this contributes to its maintenance and evolution. The sustainability of this proposal is linked to its association with educational, research and, mainly, university extension projects, bringing farmers and academia together, improving the production and the quality of broiler facilities while providing technical and scientific learning in an area of great importance to our economy
Doutorado
Automação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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Carvalho, Júnior Antônio Ramos de. "Navegação robótica em redes de sensores sem fio baseada no RSSI." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2918.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are commonly used in monitoring applications due to its capacity to sensing, processing and communicating, and its low cost. However, one limitation of WSN is on energy, because each device (sensor node) of the network needs to have low energy consumption, not allowing the use of extra hardware such as GPS. On the other hand, robots can assist in monitoring made by WSN. One possible application using robots in WSN is to search for events of interest, in which a robot browsing the network to find a specific event, using the signal strength (RSSI) as a reference for navigation. Solutions to this problem have been found in the literature. However, such works assume a devised propagation model, in which the RSSI regression curve versus distance is ideal for that scenario. We present in this dissertation two algorithms that solve the problem of robot navigation based on RSSI in search of an event. The first algorithm is based on the node signal coverage detection and the second uses probability to estimate distance and direction of the target node. Therefore, we conducted experiments to measure the RSSI value according to the distance in Amazon rainforest and represent the signal model propagation obtained in a simulator. Simulations based on the solutions of the literature showed that the percentage of arrival of these solutions is inversely related to the distance of departure from its target when subjected to propagation model detected in experiments. The two algorithms presented have been developed considering the propagation model of the signal obtained in the experiments and both find their target 100 % of the cases.
Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) são comumente utilizadas em aplicações de monitoramento, devido à sua capacidade de sensoriar, processar, comunicar e seu baixo custo. No entanto, uma das limitações de RSSF é quanto à energia, pois cada dispositivo (nó sensor) dessa rede precisa ter baixo consumo de energia, não permitindo a utilização de hardwares extras, como o GPS. Por outro lado, robôs podem auxiliar no monitoramento feito por RSSF. Uma possível aplicação utilizando robôs em RSSF é a busca de eventos de interesse, na qual um robô navega na rede até encontrar um determinado evento, utilizando a potência de sinal (RSSI) como referência para sua navegação. Encontramos na literatura trabalhos que solucionam tal problema. Entretanto, tais trabalhos consideram um modelo de propagação idealizado, na qual a curva de regressão do RSSI em função da distância é ideal para aquele cenário. Apresentaremos nesta dissertação dois algoritmos que solucionam o problema de navegação do robô baseada na RSSI em busca de um evento. O primeiro algoritmo é baseado na detecção da borda de cobertura do sinal do nó e o segundo utiliza probabilidade para estimar distância e direção do nó alvo. Para o tal, realizamos experimentos para medir a valor de RSSI de acordo com a distância, na floresta Amazônica e representamos o modelo de propagação de sinal obtido em um simulador. Simulações baseadas nas soluções da literatura mostraram que o percentual de chegada destas soluções é inversamente relacionada à distancia de partida de seu alvo quando submetidas ao modelo de propagação detectado nos experimentos. Os dois algoritmos apresentados foram desenvolvidos considerando o modelo de propagação do sinal obtido nos experimentos e ambos encontram seu alvo em 100% dos casos.

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Adissi, Marcéu Oliveira. "Sistema embarcado para estimação de torque, velocidade e eficiência em motores de indução." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5323.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The presented work aims at monitoring in real time the important parameters in induction motors in a non-invasive manner. A method for estimation of torque, shaft speed and energy efficiency has been developed. An embedded system is employed for acquiring electrical signals from the motor and local processing. The calculated values are transmitted to a monitoring unit through an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor network. At the base unit, various motors can be monitored in real time. To choose the method to be used, a survey on the main methods was made. The method by air-gap torque was considered the most appropriate to the requirements for being accurate and non-invasive. An experimental study was conducted to observe the accuracy of the estimated methods used, and the relationship between the wireless sensor network performance and the spectral occupancy at the operating environment. Therefore, the embedded system was deployed on a workbench of dynamic sinusoidal torque in an industrial environment. The performance of the embedded system and the estimation results were extremely positive. The results show that even with the difficulties of wireless transmission in some scenarios, the system was fully capable of providing processed information for the monitoring.
O trabalho proposto visa monitorar em tempo real grandezas importantes em motores de indução trifásicos de forma pouco invasiva. Foi desenvolvido um método de estimação de torque, velocidade no eixo e eficiência energética. Um sistema embarcado foi construído para a aquisição de sinais elétricos do motor e processamento local. Os valores calculados são transmitidos para estação base através de uma rede de sensores sem fio baseada no padrão IEEE 802.15.4. Na estação base, vários motores podem ser monitorados em tempo real. A fim de desenvolver o método a ser utilizado para estimação das grandezas, foram pesquisados os principais métodos existentes. O método a partir do torque no entreferro foi considerado o mais adequado às necessidades devido à sua exatidão e baixa invasividade. Um estudo experimental foi realizado para observar a exatidão dos métodos de estimação utilizados, assim como a relação entre o desempenho da rede sem fio e a ocupação espectral no ambiente operacional. Para isso, o sistema embarcado foi instalado em uma bancada de torque dinâmico senoidal em ambiente industrial. O desempenho do sistema embarcado e os resultados das estimações foram extremamente positivos. Os resultados mostram que, mesmo com as dificuldades na transmissão sem fio em alguns cenários, o sistema foi totalmente capaz de fornecer informações processadas para o monitoramento.

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Gondal, Farrukh Mehmood. "Embedded Wireless Sensor Network for Aircraft/Automobile Tire Structural Health Monitoring." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34222.

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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of automobile tires has been an active area of research in the last few years. Within this area, the monitoring of strain on tires using wireless devices and networks is gaining prominence because these techniques do not require any wired connections. Various tire manufacturers are looking into SHM of automobile tires due to the Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation (TREAD) act which demands installation of tire pressure monitoring devices within the tire. Besides measuring tire pressures, tire manufactures are also examining ways to measure strain and temperature as well to enhance overall safety of an automobile. A sensor system that can measure the overall strain of a tire is known as a centralized strain sensing system. However, a centralized strain sensing system cannot find the location and severity of the damage on the tire, which is a basic requirement. Various sensors such as acceleration and optical sensors have also been proposed to be used together to get more local damage information on the tire. In this thesis we have developed a strain sensing system that performs local strain measurements on the tire and transmits them to a console inside the vehicle wirelessly. Our sensing system utilizes a new sensing material called Metal RubberTM which is shown to be conductive like metal, and flexible as rubber. Also, we have also developed a reliable and an energy efficient geographic routing protocol for transporting strain data wirelessly from a tire surface to the driver of the automobile.
Master of Science

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Petigara, Noshirwan Kavas 1979. "CRAM : co-operative routing and memory for networks of embedded sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87284.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).
by Noshirwan Kavas Petigara.
M.Eng.

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Chidambar, Munavalli Sainath. "Structural Data Acquisition Using Sensor Network." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/879.

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The development cost of any civil infrastructure is very high; during its life span, the civil structure undergoes a lot of physical loads and environmental effects which damage the structure. Failing to identify this damage at an early stage may result in severe property loss and may become a potential threat to people and the environment. Thus, there is a need to develop effective damage detection techniques to ensure the safety and integrity of the structure. One of the Structural Health Monitoring methods to evaluate a structure is by using statistical analysis. In this study, a civil structure measuring 8 feet in length, 3 feet in diameter, embedded with thermocouple sensors at 4 different levels is analyzed under controlled and variable conditions. With the help of statistical analysis, possible damage to the structure was analyzed. The analysis could detect the structural defects at various levels of the structure.

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Sambuco, Emily Nicole. "Exploring Great Basin National Park using a high-resolution Embedded Sensor Network." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555579768450066.

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Santos, Ivairton Monteiro. "Protocolo de roteamento de dados para redes de sensores sem fio com nó coletor móvel para controle da deriva em pulverização agrícola." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-24112014-153222/.

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A aplicação eficiente de agrotóxicos é um desafio na produção agrícola, mesmo considerando os avanços com a agricultura de precisão. O efeito deriva é o principal responsável pela ineficiência no controle das pragas ou doenças, pelo desperdício de recursos e pela contaminação ambiental. Para minimizar a deriva é essencial conhecer as condições ambientais como vento, temperatura e umidade. Esta pesquisa propõe o uso das redes de sensores sem fio como sistema de monitoramento ambiental e de suporte ao processo de pulverização agrícola, especialmente a pulverização executada por aeronave. São propostas três funcionalidades para o sistema: avaliação das condições ambientais, verificando se as condições estão apropriadas para a pulverização, buscando minimizar a ocorrência da deriva; suporte na definição e manutenção da rota do veículo pulverizador por meio dos dados do vento, de modo a efetuar ajustes na rota de pulverização e manter a aplicação do defensivo agrícola na área alvo; e a avaliação da eficácia da pulverização por meio dos dados da deposição do produto pulverizado coletados pela rede de sensores. Para viabilizar a utilização das redes de sensores sem fio no controle da deriva é proposto um protocolo de roteamento de dados que visa garantir a coleta dos dados pelos nós e a entrega para o veículo pulverizador, mesmo sendo ele um avião e se deslocando em alta velocidade. Para demonstrar a viabilidade do sistema proposto, foi desenvolvido um sistema de simulação computacional que considera os aspectos das redes de sensores sem fio e as características do protocolo de roteamento proposto. Os resultados demonstraram sua viabilidade, demonstrando que as redes de sensores sem fio podem ser utilizadas como suporte em um sistema de controle da deriva, incrementando a qualidade da pulverização, reduzindo custos e a contaminação ambiental.
The efficient application of low cost pesticides is a challenge for agricultural production. Pesticide drift is the major cause of money loss, inefficiency in crop disease control, and environmental contamination in the crop spraying process. At the time of application, it is essential to know the environmental conditions, such as wind, temperature and humidity to minimize contamination by pesticide drift. This study proposes the use of wireless sensor networks in a support and control system for crop spraying, especially in aircraft application methods. Three system functionalities are proposed: In the first case, the sensor network evaluates environmental data at the time of application to notify the user if the environmental conditions are suitable for continuing with the application. The second case evaluates the wind speed and its direction to suggest corrections in the path of a spray vehicle. Due to this alteration in the vehicle path, the pesticide will be applied only in the appropriate area. The final case involves collecting data samples and analyzing the quality of the spraying operation by evaluating the deposition of pesticide over the crop. This work proposes a new routing data protocol to make possible the use of wireless sensor networks in aerial crop spraying. It ensures that the sensor node data will be delivered to the sink node. Through computer simulations, wireless sensor networks are shown to be useful in crop spraying to minimize and to control pesticide drift, to improve the quality of application, to reduce environmental contamination and to reduce costs and the duration of the application operation.

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LI, QI. "ENERGY EFFICIENT EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN FOR MEDICAL CARE SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1624.

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Recent surveys on medical service systems show that the cost of patient monitoring has grown significantly. The widespread use of portable digital medical device makes it possible to provide a more comprehensive tracking of patient conditions. However, the development of a full scale, distributed health monitoring system is much delayed due to the lack of efficient wireless communication in a large distributed network. This becomes a challenging research topic which is to find a way to provide accurate and real time patient information to medical experts in a fast, efficient and cost effective fashion. This paper proposes a novel solution on building a system which links patients and doctors together using embedded system technology and wireless sensor network. The content presented in this thesis introduces the design and implement of such a system.

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Gonzalez, Oscar V. "Reconfigurable wireless sensor platform for training and research in networked embedded systems." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001063.

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Anozie, Chidi H. "Event-Triggered Design of Networked Embedded Automation Systems." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1291754351.

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Morais, Bruno Maia de. "InteliCare Infraestrutura de Telessaúde para apoio a serviços de atenção domiciliar baseada em redes de sensores sem fio e sistemas embarcados." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6099.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work presents a monitoring infrastructure for people in a situation of home care through the integration of wireless sensor networks and data processing in embedded systems, enabling a real-time monitoring of the clinical picture of each patient. To perform real-time telemetry, a sensor network with ZigBee technology was set and some biological signals were captured in order to validate the proposed infrastructure. This network performs the capture and transmission of data collected to base stations where a treatment system embedded in an FPGA is instructed to receive data, perform the necessary calculations and send the information obtained through an Ethernet network to a central installed in a monitoring central station. The use of a dedicated processing device such as an FPGA, provides a much greater efficiency than is typically found in general purpose processors and allows the customization of the hardware. Besides, reduces the final cost of the system. It also presented the integration of Arthron and InteliCare. Arthron is tool that works with flow distribution. This integration allows more real experiences of telemedical procedures so that you can have in a single transmission, audio, video, and biological signals. The monitoring system installed in the central station is responsible for storage and display the received data. It will display data in tables and graphs in real time and allow a team of experts make decisions and guide patients and / or their caregivers to perform a certain procedure.
Este trabalho apresenta uma infraestrutura de monitoramento para pessoas em situação de internação domiciliar através da integração de redes de sensores sem fio e processamento de dados em sistemas embarcados, possibilitando um acompanhamento em tempo de execução (online) do quadro clínico de cada paciente. Para realizar a telemetria online, uma rede de sensores com tecnologia ZigBee, foi montada e alguns sinais biológicos foram captados de forma a validar a infraestrutura proposta. Esta rede realiza a captação e envio dos dados coletados até estações base onde um sistema de tratamento embarcado em um FPGA fica encarregado de receber os dados, realizar os cálculos necessários e enviar as informações obtidas, através de uma rede Ethernet, a um sistema central de supervisão instalado em uma central de monitoramento. A utilização de um dispositivo de processamento dedicado, como um FPGA, proporciona ao sistema uma eficiência muito maior do que normalmente é encontrada em processadores de uso geral além de permitir a customização do hardware reduzindo o custo final do sistema. É apresentada também a integração da infraestrutura InteliCare com a ferramenta de distribuição de fluxos Arthron. Esta integração permite tornar mais real a experiência de colaboração em procedimentos médicos de forma que é possível ter numa mesma transmissão, áudio, vídeo e sinais biológicos. O sistema de supervisão instalado na central de monitoramento é responsável por gerenciar o armazenamento e a visualização dos dados recebidos. Ele exibe os dados em tabelas e gráficos em tempo de execução e permitirá que uma equipe de especialistas tome decisões e oriente os pacientes e/ou seus cuidadores para realizar determinado procedimento.

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Hoang, Van Trinh. "Design under constraints of Dependability and Energy for Wireless Sensor Network." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS351/document.

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Le contexte incertain dans lequel évoluent les applications embarquées influencefortement ces dernières. L'objectif de disponibilité induit généralement une forteredondance matérielle et fonctionnelle. A l'inverse, le paramètre de consommation prôneun nombre et un fonctionnement à minima des ressources. Avec la réduction de latechnologie, la variabilité des procédés de fabrication induit la possibilité accrue dedéfaillances. De façon à garantir une qualité de service acceptable par l'utilisateur, et cesur la totalité de la durée de vie du circuit, il convient de mener des études associant dèsles phases amont les deux paramètres sûreté de fonctionnement et consommation. Cettethèse a pour objectif de proposer une nouvelle conception pour les réseaux de capteurssans fil, afin de réduire consommation d'énergie et d'augmenter la fiabilité du réseau
The uncertain contexts in which recent WSN embedded applications evolve have bigimpact on these applications. Traditionally, the objective of availability generally doubleshardware and functional redundancy; it means that the overhead is doubled in term ofenergy and cost. Besides, wireless node system is powered by limited battery; hencepower consumption parameter is only set to a number of components and functionalitiesat minimum resources. However, due to the technology reduction, process variabilityconducts to increase the possibility of failures. In order to guarantee an acceptablequality of service for the users, and on the operating lifetime of the system, it should carrystudies at the upper phases involving both dependability and consumption constraints.This thesis aims to propose novel design for wireless sensor networks, in order to reduceenergy consumption and to increase network dependability

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Spadazzi, Gianluca. "Middleware per Internet of Things: Java Embedded come caso di studio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7865/.

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Grazie al progresso dell'elettronica, ai giorni nostri, è possibile costruire dispositivi elettronici molto piccoli, che col passare del tempo lo sono sempre più. Questo ci permette di poter imboccare nuove strade nel mondo dell'informatica, sfruttando proprio questo fatto. Le dimensioni ridotte dei dispositivi in commercio, come sensori, attuatori, tag e tanto altro, sono particolarmente adatte a nuovi scenari applicativi. Internet of Things è una visione in cui Internet viene esteso alle cose. Facendo largo uso di dispositivi come sensori e tag è possibile realizzare sistemi intelligenti che possono avere riscontri positivi nella vita di tutti i giorni. Tracciare la posizione degli oggetti, monitorare pazienti da remoto, rilevare dati sull'ambiente per realizzare sistemi automatici (ad esempio regolare automaticamente la luce o la temperatura di una stanza) sono solo alcuni esempi. Internet of Things è la naturale evoluzione di Internet, ed è destinato a cambiare radicalmente la nostra vita futura, poichè la tecnologia sarà sempre più parte integrante della nostra vita, aumentando sempre più il nostro benessere e riducendo sempre più il numero delle azioni quotidiane da compiere. Sempre più sono middleware, le piattaforme e i sistemi operativi che nascono per cercare di eliminare o ridurre le problematiche relative allo sviluppo di sistemi di questo genere, e lo scopo di questa tesi è proprio sottolinearne l'importanza e di analizzare gli aspetti che questi middleware devono affrontare. La tesi è strutturata in questo modo: nel capitolo uno verrà fatta una introduzione a Internet of Things, analizzando alcuni degli innumerevoli scenari applicativi che ne derivano, insieme però alle inevitabili problematiche di tipo tecnologico e sociale. Nel secondo capitolo verranno illustrate le tecnologie abilitanti di Internet of Things, grazie alle quali è possibile realizzare sistemi intelligenti. Nel terzo capitolo verranno analizzati gli aspetti relativi ai middleware, sottolineandone l'importanza e prestando attenzione alle funzioni che devono svolgere, il tutto riportando anche degli esempi di middleware esistenti. Nel quarto capitolo verrà approfondito il middleware Java Embedded di Oracle.

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Patrick, Nathan A. "Evaluating Near Surface Lapse Rates Over Complex Terrain Using an Embedded Micro-Logger Sensor Network in Great Basin National Park." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1403203851.

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46

Shi, Hong-Ling. "Development of an energy efficient, robust and modular multicore wireless sensor network." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968069.

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The wireless sensor network is a key technology in the 21st century because it has multitude applications and it becomes the new way of interaction between physical environment and computer system. Moreover, the wireless sensor network is a high resource constraint system. Consequently, the techniques used for the development of traditional embedded systems cannot be directly applied. Today wireless sensor nodes were implemented by using only one single processor architecture. This approach does not achieve a robust and efficient energy wireless sensor network for applications such as precision agriculture (outdoor) and telemedicine. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new approach for the realization of a wireless sensor network node using multicore architecture to enable to increase both its robustness and lifetime (reduce energy consumption).

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Zewdu, Yesitla Ephrem. "Survey of microcontrollers and short-range radio transceivers for wireless sensors." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39640.

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A significant growth was witnessed in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in the previous decade. The objective of this study has been Survey of micro controllers and short-range radio transceivers for wireless sensors and provide an extensive overview of micro controllers and RF-transceivers in the Market and compare the relevant properties for designing wireless sensor nodes. In the survey, RF-transvers from Nordic semiconductors is extensively presented for short-rang wireless protocols some of the protocols are RF-Communication Module, Bluetooth Low Energy Module, ZigBee module and Wi-Fi module. In WSNs node design Power consumption is one the most important design issue, this thesis work present the different type of WSN protocols energy consumption efficiency and power consumption, compared and conclude graphically. Microcontrollers are the main part of WSNs node for processing and gathering sensor data. There is different microcontroller’s products in the market however the WSN protocols presented in this thesis uses Cortex-M4 processor which is one of ARM product, the specification and comparison of this product with other products is presented.

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Rashid, Md Jayedur. "Extending a networked robot system to include humans, tiny devices, and everyday objects." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15247.

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In networked robot systems (NRS), robots and robotic devices are distributed in the environment; typically tasks are performed by cooperation and coordination of such multiple networked components. NRS offer advantages over monolithic systems in terms of modularity, flexibility and cost effectiveness, and they are thus becoming a mainstream approach to the inclusion of robotic solutions in everyday environments. The components of a NRS are usually robots and sensors equipped with rich computational and communication facilities. In this thesis, we argue that the capabilities of a NRS would greatly increase if it could also accommodate among its nodes simpler entities, like small ubiquitous sensing and actuation devices, home appliances, or augmented everyday objects. For instance, a domestic robot needs to manipulate food items and interact with appliances. Such a robot would benefit from the ability to exchange information with those items and appliances in a direct way, in the same way as with other networked robots and sensors. Combining such highly heterogeneous devices inside one NRS is challenging, and one of the major challenges is to provide a common communication and collaboration infrastructure. In the field of NRS, this infrastructure is commonly provided by a shared middleware. Unfortunately, current middlewares lack the generality needed to allow heterogeneous entities such as robots, simple ubiquitous devices and everyday objects to coexist in the same system. In this thesis we show how an existing middleware for NRS can be extended to include three new types of “citizens” in the system, on peer with the other robots. First, we include computationally simple embedded devices, like ubiquitous sensors and actuators, by creating a fully compatible tiny version of the existing robotic middleware. Second, we include augmented everyday objects or home appliances which are unable to run the middleware on board, by proposing a generic design pattern based on the notion of object proxy. Finally,we go one step further and include humans as nodes in the NRS by defining the notion of human proxy. While there exist a few other NRS which are able to include both robots and simple embedded devices in the same system, the use of proxies to include everyday objects and humans in a generic way is a unique feature of this work. In order to verify and validate the above concepts, we have implemented them in the Peis-Ecology NRS model. We report a number of experiments based on this implementation, which provide both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of its performance, reliability, and interoperability.

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Chis, Andréea. "Méthodes et outils pour la compilation et l'optimisation logicielle des systèmes embarqués sans fil dédiés à des applications." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768830.

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Les réseaux de capteurs communicants sont fortement contraints en ressources: calcul, mémoire et énergie. Dans ce contexte, une attention particulière doit être portée lors de la conception des application, des protocoles de communication et du système d'exploitation qui vont être exécutés sur les plateformes. Le but de cette thèse a été d'adapter les modèles de logiciels utilisés classiquement pour la programmation d'applications au domaine des réseaux de capteurs et de proposer des méthodes et outils permettant de construire une version adaptée du logiciel devant s'exécuter sur les cibles à partir d'un modèle de l'application. Une des composantes qui consomment le plus d'énergie d'un micro-capteur c'est son interface radio. Le comportement d'une couche MAC peut être exprimé comme un automate temporisé avec des états fixes (qui correspondent à des états spécifiques du dispositif physique) ou des états libres (dont le choix de mappage est laissé au programmeur). Le comportement d'un périphérique radio peut lui-même être exprimé comme un automate temporisé composé d'états transitoires (avec durée fixe de l'état) et non transitoires (avec une durée illimitée mais avec une contrainte de temps minimal à passer dans l'état). Le problème de mapper un état software libre de durée fixe sur un chemin dans l'automate du dispositif physique en minimisant l'énergie est prouvé NP-complète. Une heuristique permettant de mapper les états libres d'un automate correspondant à un protocole software sur des états ou chemins entre les états d'un dispositif physique est proposée. L'approche amène à des gains théoriques de 60% pour B-MAC- une couche MAC classique. Pour les 2 catégories de système d'exploitation dédiés à ce type d'applications (modèle à événements et modèle à threads), des squelettes de code sont générés. Adapté a Mantis OS, le squelette de code pour B-MAC confirme en simulation sur la plateforme Worldsens les gains théoriques. Des experimentations sur la plateforme réelle Senslab ont prouvé que l'optimisation en terme d'energie ne modifie pas les performances fonctionnelles du protocole.

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Persson, Anders. "Platform development of body area network for gait symmetry analysis using IMU and UWB technology." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39498.

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Having a device with the capability of measure motions from gait produced by a human being, could be of most importance in medicine and sports. Physicians or researchers could measure and analyse key features of a person's gait for the purpose of rehabilitation or science, regarding neurological disabilities. Also in sports, professionals and hobbyists could use such a device for improving their technique or prevent injuries when performing. In this master thesis, I present the research of what technology is capable of today, regarding gait analysis devices. The research that was done has then help the development of a suggested standalone hardware sensor node for a Body Area Network, that can support research in gait analysis. Furthermore, several algorithms like for instance UWB Real-Time Location and Dead Reckoning IMU/AHRS algorithms, have been implemented and tested for the purpose of measuring motions and be able to run on the sensor node device. The work in this thesis shows that a IMU sensor have great potentials for generating high rate motion data while performing on a small mobile device. The UWB technology on the other hand, indicates a disappointment in performance regarding the intended application but can still be useful for wireless communication between sensor nodes. The report also points out the importance of using a high performance micro controller for achieving high accuracy in measurements.

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Дисертації з теми "EMBEDDED SENSOR NETWORKS"

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