Книги з теми "Embedded experiments"
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1
Jean-Philippe, Babau, Champeau Joël, and Gérard Sébastien, eds. From MDD concepts to experiments and illustrations. London: ISTE, 2006.
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From MDD Concepts to Experiments and Illustrations. ISTE Publishing Company, 2007.
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Fodor, Janet Dean, Stefanie Nickels, and Esther Schott. Center-Embedded Sentences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doubly center-embedded relative clause constructions such as “The rat that the cat that the dog chased killed ate the malt” are notoriously difficult to parse. Many explanations have been offered. This chapter proposes a novel one: an alignment problem at the syntax-prosody interface, consisting of a mismatch between the heavily nested syntactic structure and the flat structure required by prosodic phrasing. Selective shrinking and lengthening of phrases within the sentence can coax the prosodic processor into creating rhythmic packages that fit well with the nested syntactic tree structure. Long outer phrases and short inner ones help with that, while short outer phrases and long inner ones hinder it. The chapter discusses two experiments—reading aloud with facilitation; reading aloud followed by grammaticality judgment—that provide evidence that produced prosody is the causal link between phrase lengths and ease of processing, though not exhibiting a “missing-VP effect” for either sentence type.
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Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Magnetic bead microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magnetism is a convenient force for actively pulling colloidal particles in a material. Many materials of interest in a microrheology experiment have a negligible magnetic susceptibility, and so embedded magnetic particles can be subject to relatively strong forces by fields imposed from outside of the sample. These are usually generated by electromagnets, but can also include the use of permanent magnets, or a combination of both. Such “magnetic tweezers” are used as sensitive force probes, capable of generating forces ranging from femtonewtons to nanonewtons. Magnetic forces and magnetic materials are reviewed and magnetic tweezer designs discussed. Linear and non-linear measurements using magnetic tweezers are presented, including studies yield stress and shear thinning. The operating regime of magnetic tweezer microrheology is presented, which enables microrheology experiments to access stiffer materials.
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Gallagher, Shaun. Action and the Problem of Free Will. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the concept of free will as it is discussed in philosophy and neuroscience. It reviews reflective and perceptual theories of agency and argues against neuro-centric conclusions about the illusory nature of free will. Experiments conducted by Benjamin Libet suggest that neural activations prior to conscious awareness predict specific actions. This has been taken as evidence that challenges the traditional notion of free will. Libet’s experiments, arguably, are about motor control processes on an elementary timescale and say nothing about freely willed intentional actions embedded in personal and social contexts that involve longer-term, narrative timescales. One implication of this interpretation is that enactivism is not a form of simple behaviorism. Agency is not a thing reducible to elementary neuronal processes; nor is it an idea or a pure consciousness. It rather involves a structure of complex relations.
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Knight, Linda. Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0336.1.00.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Working from a speculative, more-than-human ontological position, Inefficient Mapping: A Protocol for Attuning to Phenomena presents a new, experimental cartographic practice and non-representational methodological protocol that attunes to the subaltern genealogies of sites and places, proposing a wayfaring practice for traversing the land founded on an ethics of care. As a methodological protocol, inefficient mapping inscribes the histories and politics of a place by gesturally marking affective and relational imprints of colonisation, industrialisation, appropriation, histories, futures, exclusions, privileges, neglect, survival, and persistence. Inefficient Mapping details a research experiment and is designed to be taken out on mapping expeditions to be referred to, consulted with, and experimented with by those who are familiar or new to mapping. The inefficient mapping protocol described in this book is informed by feminist speculative and immanent theories, including posthuman theories, critical-cultural theories, Indigenous and critical place inquiry, as well as the works of Karen Barad, Erin Manning, Jane Bennett, Maria Puig de la Bellacassa, Elizabeth Povinelli, and Eve Tuck and Marcia McKenzie, which frame how inefficient mapping attunes to the matter, tenses, and ontologies of phenomena and how the interweaving agglomerations of theory, critique, and practice can remain embedded in experimental methodologies.
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Effects of Embedded Internal Delaminations on Composite Laminate Compression Strength; an Experimental Review. Independently Published, 2018.
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Pepinsky, Thomas B., R. William Liddle, and Saiful Mujani. Islam and Party Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697808.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Islamic political parties and social organizations have capitalized upon economic grievances to win popular support. But existing research has been unable to disentangle the role of Islamic party ideology from programmatic economic appeals and social services in explaining these parties’ popular support. This chapter demonstrates that Islamic party platforms function as informational shortcuts to Muslim voters, and confer a political advantage only when voters are uncertain about parties’ economic policies. Using experiments embedded in an original nationwide survey in Indonesia, we find that Islamic parties are systematically more popular than otherwise identical non-Islamic parties only under cases of economic policy uncertainty. This relationship is driven by the most pious Muslims. When respondents know economic policy platforms, Islamic parties never have an advantage over non-Islamic parties, regardless of how pious they are. Islam’s political advantage is real, but circumscribed by parties’ economic platforms and voters’ knowledge of them.
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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., ed. The effects of embedded internal delaminations on composite laminate compression strength: An experimental review. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.
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10
Kubozono, Haruo, Junko Ito, and Armin Mester, eds. Prosody and Prosodic Interfaces. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869740.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This volume brings together novel, original studies on prosody and prosodic interfaces. It consists of fifteen chapters, of which some look at word prosody and phrase prosody in individual languages, some examine the interactions between lexical tones and intonation, and others analyze the syntax-prosody interface. Despite much recent attention paid to prosody, there is yet a significant number of languages and dialects that remain largely undocumented or understudied. Many chapters in this volume contribute to this empirical gap in prosodic research by presenting new data, based on original fieldwork and experiments. Moreover, many chapters address important questions pertaining to the interactions between lexical and postlexical tones with in-depth investigations of both lexical prosody and postlexical phonology. Furthermore, other chapters tackle the question of how prosodic structure—either lexical or postlexical—interacts with syntactic structure, thereby contributing to our understanding of the interaction between multiple components of the grammar, embedded in a thorough understanding of current linguistic theories. The volume as a whole addresses many difficult issues and illuminates the question of how prosody is structured in language and functions in human communication.
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Balcells, Laia, José Fernández-Albertos, and Alexander Kuo. Secession and social polarization: Evidence from Catalonia. 2nd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/936-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence movements, their relationship to polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the chances of violent conflict, remains less understood. We argue that secessionist conflicts can polarize along both policy and ethnic group lines even when they take the form of non-violent disputes. However, polarization does not necessarily lead to violence. We explore the case of Catalonia, a region that experienced a deep secessionist crisis in the last months of 2017, using novel data from a panel survey fielded across two key time periods and embedded experiments. We find a society with great levels of affective polarization in that pro- and anti-independence advocates have strong negative views of one another. In addition, there is spillover in terms of the assessment of associated language groups. However, there is a group of moderates in between the two policy poles that limit the extent of this polarization. Contrary to common wisdom, these moderates have very stable preferences. Our results contribute to the understanding of the underexplored polarization dynamics of secessionist movements, particularly in places where high-intensity violence (i.e. terrorism, civil war) has not yet occurred.
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Spencer, Stephen J. Emotions in a Crusading Context, 1095-1291. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833369.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emotions in a Crusading Context is the first book-length study of the emotional rhetoric of crusading. It investigates the ways in which a number of emotions and affective displays—primarily fear, anger, and weeping—were understood, represented, and utilized in twelfth- and thirteenth-century western narratives of the crusades, making use of a broad range of comparative material to gauge the distinctiveness of those texts: crusader letters, papal encyclicals, model sermons, chansons de geste, lyrics, and an array of theological and philosophical treatises. In addition to charting continuities and changes over time in the emotional landscape of crusading, this book identifies the underlying influences which shaped how medieval authors represented and used emotions; analyses the passions crusade participants were expected to embrace and reject; and assesses whether the idea of crusading created a profoundly new set of attitudes towards emotions. Emotions in a Crusading Context calls on scholars of the crusades to reject the traditional methodological approach of taking the emotional descriptions embedded within historical narratives as straightforward reflections of protagonists’ lived feelings, and in so doing challenges the long historiographical tradition of reconstructing participants’ beliefs and experiences from these texts. Within the history of emotions, it demonstrates that, despite the ongoing drive to develop new methodologies for studying the emotional standards of the past, typified by recent experiments in ‘neurohistory’, the social constructionist (or cultural-historical) approach still has much to offer the historian of medieval emotions.
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Lu, Jie, and Yun-han Chu. Understandings of Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197570401.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While democracy is popular and still enjoys supremacy in contemporary political discourse with limited challenges from alternatives, it has also been acknowledged that democracy is in crisis. However, if most people love democracy and politicians have to live with democracy, how can democracy be in trouble? Understandings of Democracy examines this puzzling phenomenon, arguing that (1) people hold distinct understandings of democracy; (2) popular conceptions of democracy are significantly shaped by socioeconomic and political contexts; (3) such varying conceptions generate different baselines for people to assess democratic practices and to establish their views of democracy; and (4) such distinct conceptions also drive political participation in different ways. Overall, popular understandings of democracy have critically shaped how citizens respond to authoritarian or populist practices in contemporary politics. Using new survey instruments embedded in the Global Barometer Surveys (GBS), this book highlights the significance and essentialness of how people assess the tradeoffs between key democratic principles and instrumental gains when they conceptualize democracy for comparative research on popular understandings of democracy. Furthermore, weaving together GBS II survey data from seventy-two societies and survey experiments, this book scrutinizes some key micro-dynamics that drive people’s critical political attitudes and behaviors, which are centered on how people understand democracy in different ways. Overall, this book theorizes and demonstrates that, as a critical but underappreciated component of the demand-side dynamics, varying conceptions of democracy offer significant explanatory power for understanding why democracy is in trouble, even when most people profess to love democracy.
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Lobina, David J. Probing recursion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785156.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The experimental probing of recursion in human performance is fraught with non-trivial problems. Here, a number of case studies from the literature are analysed that contrast with the approach set out in chapter 5, and it is proposed that they give little information about the underlying mental processes at play within each of these domains. Among the questions discussed are whether experimental participants employ recursive rules in parsing artificial strings of nonsense syllables, the role of self-embedded structures in reasoning and general cognition, and the reputed connection between structural features of a visuospatial object and the corresponding recursive rules needed to represent or generate it. What a recursive process would actually look like and how one could go about probing its presence in human behaviour is then re-emphasized.
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Fenno, Lief E., and Karl Deisseroth. Optogenetics and Related Technologies for Psychiatric Disease Research. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studying intact systems with simultaneous local precision and global scope is a fundamental challenge in biology. This familiar trade-off leads to important conceptual and experimental difficulties in psychiatric disease research and throughout the study of complex biological systems. Part of a solution may arise from optogenetics: the combination of genetic and optical methods to achieve gain- or loss-of-function of temporally defined events in specific cells embedded within intact living tissue or organisms. Such precise causal control within the functioning intact system can be achieved via introduction of genes that confer to cells both light-detection capability and specific effector function. A broad array of optogenetic tools and neuroscience applications have driven the wide adoption of optogenetics as a standard approach in neuroscience.
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Baker, Aaron. Interviews with Steven Soderbergh. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036057.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter presents the two interviews with Steven Soderbergh that offer insights into several of the most prominent aspects of his career as a filmmaker. The first interview, Geoff Andrew talking with Soderbergh and George Clooney before a live audience in London in 2003, touches on remakes, allusion, and their collaboration with the aim, in the actor's words, “to push the things we've learned from foreign and independent films ... back into the studio system.” The second interview, conducted by David Sterritt, focuses on Che, probably Soderbergh's most ambitious film to date. After acknowledging Soderbergh's tendency to experiment and defy expectations, Sterritt in his introduction calls Che “a daring project even for him.” What follows in the interview is the director's defense of the politics of class, embedded in all his films, that came to the forefront in Che.
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Smith, Ian. Seeing Blackness. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tendency to regard vision as providing unimpeded retinal access to the world was already being revised in the early modern period to explain how sight is, in fact, unreliable. Sight is always compromised by culturally embedded ideas, and in Othello, Shakespeare reveals that in the instance of race, prejudicial and broadly shared stereotypes distort vision in ways that misrecognize blackness and make us poor readers of humanity. Blackness, that visible sign, creates a social blind spot. Taking Shakespeare’s specific interrogation of cross-racial reading as its cue, the essay asks to what extent the predominantly white discipline of English studies is implicated in such an inquiry, especially when modern experimental science confirms white bias and negative views of blackness as the American cultural norm that affects the way we read and interpret race.
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Unger, Herwig, and Wolfgang A. Halang, eds. Autonomous Systems 2017. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186857101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Owing to the overwhelming amount of often sensitive data hitting contemporary users of networked devices almost everywhere, this volume’s two keynote addresses deal with the security and ethical problems of the increasingly intelligent and autonomously acting devices in our environment. Then, light is shed on theoretical, algorithmic, technical and security aspects of big data analytics, data mining, information retrieval and machine learning. As no other area of computer science and engineering, autonomous systems accelerate the development of new systems’ hardware and highly specialised applications with an unprecedented intensity. Thus, the corresponding topics addressed in this book range from computer architectures for embedded systems dedicated to safety-related automation applications and designed for verifiability and correct operation over approaches to suppress electromagnetic interferences and to Interpret experimental data to questions related to their design and develo...
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Leonard, Elysse, and Michael Tau. Redirecting the Clinical Gaze. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190849900.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Film has been used in medical education for many years to teach both medical students and residents. This has taken many forms, from informal “movie clubs” to organized seminars embedded into curricula. This chapter reviews the literature on the use of film in medical education. It then presents a unique model for how films can augment postgraduate training. Using an example of a close reading of the film Son frère (2003), the chapter suggests that film can be used to provoke reflection on certain characteristics of clinical work, including the unpredictability and irrationality of illness and the experience of not-knowing. Experimental and nonlinear narratives can amplify these themes by challenging viewers’ expectations. The chapter then discusses various practical considerations for teaching using cinema, including film and venue selection, screening rights, and community partnerships. Lastly, sample lesson plans and suggested resources are provided as examples to aid curriculum development.
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Kavokin, Alexey V., Jeremy J. Baumberg, Guillaume Malpuech, and Fabrice P. Laussy. Microcavities. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782995.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Both rich fundamental physics of microcavities and their intriguing potential applications are addressed in this book, oriented to undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as to physicists and engineers. We describe the essential steps of development of the physics of microcavities in their chronological order. We show how different types of structures combining optical and electronic confinement have come into play and were used to realize first weak and later strong light–matter coupling regimes. We discuss photonic crystals, microspheres, pillars and other types of artificial optical cavities with embedded semiconductor quantum wells, wires and dots. We present the most striking experimental findings of the recent two decades in the optics of semiconductor quantum structures. We address the fundamental physics and applications of superposition light-matter quasiparticles: exciton-polaritons and describe the most essential phenomena of modern Polaritonics: Physics of the Liquid Light. The book is intended as a working manual for advanced or graduate students and new researchers in the field.
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Yue, Genevieve. Girl Head. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823289554.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For decades, feminist film analysis has been focused on issues of representation: images of women in film. But what are the feminist implications of the material object underlying that image, the filmstrip itself? What does feminist analysis have to offer in understanding the film image before it enters the realm of representation? In Girl Head: Feminism and Film Materiality, Genevieve Yue explores how gender and sexual difference have been deeply embedded within film materiality. Though the industrial practices she examines are typically hidden from view, they are no less gendered than the images projected onscreen. In rich archival and technical detail, Yue examines three sites of technical film production: the film laboratory, editing practices, and the film archive. Within each site, she locates a common motif, the vanishing female body, which is transformed into material to be used in the making of a film. Yue develops a theory of gender and film materiality through readings of narrative film, early cinema, experimental film, and moving image art. In this original work of feminist media history, Girl Head shows how gender has had a surprising and persistent role in film production processes, well before the image ever appears onscreen.
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Ferreira, Ines A., Rachel M. Gisselquist, and Finn Tarp. On the impact of inequality on growth, human development, and governance. 34th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/972-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Countering recent rises in many countries of inequality in income and wealth is widely recognized as a major development challenge. This is so from an ethical perspective and because greater inequality is perceived to be detrimental to key development aims. Still, an informed debate on the effects of inequality requires clear evidence. This review contributes to the literature by taking stock and providing an overview of current knowledge of the impact of income inequality on three important outcomes: economic growth, health and education as two dimensions of human development, and governance, with a focus on democracy. Drawing on the insights from different disciplines and considering recent work, it reveals that existing evidence provides somewhat mixed results and argues for a need for further in-depth empirical work. It also points to explanations for the lack of consensus embedded in data quality and availability, measurement issues, and the shortcomings of the different methods employed. Finally, we point to promising future research avenues relying on experimental work for micro level analysis, more region- and country-specific studies, and reiterate the need for improvements in the availability and reliability of data.