Дисертації з теми "Emballage – Transport – Emballage"
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Otari, Suzan. "Optimisation des procédures de tests pour simulation de transport des systèmes d'emballage, à partir de l'analyse statistique et fréquentielle du signal vibratoire excitateur." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS034.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral tests are used to qualify a packaging or a packaging system aimed for transportation. This is called qualification plan. Random vibration tests are an efficient way to simulate the mechanical vibratory effects caused by transportation. The usual method is only concerned with the frequency distribution pattern of the signal using the average power spectral density (PSD) but statistical distribution of levels is totally ignored.In this work we have proposed a statistical model based on analyse of instantaneous acceleration levels of road transport, which identify and characterise the vibration signal. Continuous recording of acceleration signal all along the journey permits confirmation that this statistical distribution is not a Gaussian distribution but a modified Gaussian distribution, for which parameters are estimated and discussed. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the transport severity by working out the appearance probability of acceleration levels greater than a fixed threshold and also the difference between the experimental distribution and the Gaussian distribution with the same rms value. This model is used to correcting the way of simulation in a test laboratory (chapter 5).Usually to recreate the mechanical effects of a vibration signal in the test laboratory, we use a partial recording of this signal without any adequate attention on effects of the recording parameters on characteristics of signal recorded in this way. In this work (chapter 3 and 4), the effects of partial recording is studied on statistical and frequency characteristics of acceleration signal. We have shown that for a road transport in France only 10% of the total duration of a journey must be taken to represent the whole journey. If the recording is performed with rates below 10%, we are able to estimate the error introduced on the distribution of signal and also on the level of the PSD. So this error can be corrected when the journey is simulated in laboratory.Finally we have proposed an alternative method for simulating the non-stationary and non-Gaussian signal with a typically used vibration system for this purpose which consists of a sequence of Gaussian signals. This method was proposed considering the means and materials available at company (Metropack) and enables them to simulate vibration effects in the most realistic way
Mannberg, Dennis, and Martin Westerlund. "Utveckling av emballage för lagerhållning och transport av axlar." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33319.
Повний текст джерелаAt Volvo Construction Equipment’s facility in Eskilstuna, axles and transmissions for wheel loaders and dumpers are manufactured, all of which are stored and transported in steel-packaging, so called component racks. The racks come in a large variety of unique models and classifications resulting in issues like monitoring the access of empty racks, during volume variations and mix changes in the production. In some cases, the need for non-value-adding processes, like repackaging for transatlantic shipping, emerges. The repackaging, the large quantity of unique rack models and the storing of empty racks are all cost items where improvements are desired. In this thesis, the how’s of developing packaging suitable for a larger product variety are explored and answered through a case study, in which new component racks are developed for twelve wheel loader-axles, shipped to customers in both Arvika and Shippensburg, USA. The purpose of the case study is to reduce the number of unique rack models and to eliminate the repackaging of the twelve axles. The new racks were developed to replace a total of eight existing models, two of which constructed for export to Shippensburg. Due to the potentially high grade of complexity in the development of such packaging, the methodology of modularization was used. The thesis aims to answer how such methodology can be used in order to simplify complex problems. A pilot study in optimizing transport as well as existing rack- and axle design clarified the need to develop two new packaging. During several workshops, ideas and concepts were generated and evaluated until two proposed solutions were chosen. A full-scale prototype of one of the proposed solutions was constructed in order to test the fit and after adjustments the final design was established. The prototype-tested concept was set to replace five of the existing component racks. In comparison to the existing component racks, the two new packaging brought a number of improvements. The racks stackability was increased as up to twice as many empty packaging could be stacked during transport and warehousing compared to the existing racks. The proposed solutions also brought an increased transportability as they enable up to three packaging being fitted in the width of a standard container, unlike the existing racks which only enables two. The proposed solutions were designed for transatlantic shipping which would eliminate the 30-minute repackaging required for the existing packaging. The results of the case study showed that the chosen method was appropriate when developing packaging for a larger product variety. The developed concepts quality was assured to a large extent but since only one of the suggested solutions were tested using a prototype and the racks ability to secure the axles could not be clarified the need for further tests emerged. A prototype for the remaining solution is needed and in order to test the racks ability to secure the axles a “zero-line”, which undergo real transports with axles, is suggested.
Larsson, Julia, and Sabina Söderberg. "Emballage för väggelement i trä : Paketering, hantering, lager och transport." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28416.
Повний текст джерелаPuga, Ulises. "Transportrack : Förpackning av gripklor för transport." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68037.
Повний текст джерелаVinot, Céline. "Développement de systèmes amortisseurs pour les emballages de transport de matières radioactives." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4001.
Повний текст джерелаLeguebe, Elora. "Optimisation de la stabilité de charge au cours d'un transport à partir de l'étude du comportement viscoélastique des matériaux polymères destinés au banderolage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS044.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, protecting products during transportation has become essential as import-export increased drastically. Therefore, the wrapping used to stabilize and protect pallets of goods is fundamental. The most commonly used material for wrapping films is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). However, ecology has become a major issue for the world. The eco-design of the film is desired for a lower mass of plastic on the pallet, while preserving the stability of the load. Therefore this thesis work concerns the optimization of load stability according to the properties of the wrapping materials and the mechanical stresses of transport in order to reduce the weight of plastic used. Manual and mechanical films were analyzed. The anisotropy of materials was studied. The characterization of the material was performed through mechanical tests (traction, relaxation, hysteresis and fatigue creep) and morphological tests with DSC, IR and XRD analysis. The characterization of the wrapping and the importance of its parameters were also investigated. The effect of wrapping speed, LLDPE fatigue and acceleration experienced during transport were found to affect significantly the film properties. Films morphology was found to be affected by the wrapping process, showing changes in crystallinity. The study showed the importance of wrapping parameters and transport constraints on the morphology of the stretch film on the pallet and therefore on the stability of the load
Huart, Victor. "Développement d'une procédure d'estimation du dommage par fatigue des emballages de transport à partir des données spectrales." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS020.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is focused on studies of the goods transport induced stresses. Packaging systems are composed of a multitude of functionalities: to transport, to protect, to inform, etc. Their development is an important parameter referring to the goods protection. During transports, goods endure an important panel of mechanical stress. This stress induces damages par fatigue. This damage by fatigue can be studied in decomposing the acceleration signal into stress cycles. This decomposition permits to observe the influence of each stress cycle. This thesis work, in a first step, consists in estimating the damage by fatigue generated during a particular transportation on a given packaging. In this case, stress cycle extraction is not appropriated (continuous record of long transportation is difficult point of view devices). This estimation is realized from the power spectral densities (PSD) and the calculation of the spectral moments of transport phases. The second aim of this work is to develop a simulation protocol inducing the same damage rate on packaging as the actual transportation, in a shorter time. The test time compression method is here based on the damages estimation expression. The aim consists in determining a PSD multiplicative factor to generate a PSD of test witch induce the same damage as the actual transport in a shorter duration. This test time compression take into account the mechanical behavior of damage accumulation for a particular system
Zhang, Yipei. "Optimisation de la chaîne logistique agroalimentaire à boucle fermée avec emballages réutilisables." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE037.
Повний текст джерелаClosed-loop supply chain (CLSC), as an important branch of supply chain, has received increasing attention in recent decades. However, CLSC for perishable food products that is more complex than classic CLSC has been seldom studied in spite of its growing applications in practice. This thesis aims to develop new models and methods for optimizing closed-loop food supply chain with returnable transport items. To this end, three new problems are investigated.Firstly, a closed-loop food supply chain with returnable transport items (CLFSC-RTI) is studied. This problem involves a single manufacturer and a single retailer. Outsourcing is permitted and RTI purchasing budget is limited. The objective is to maximize the total profit of the supply chain. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) and it is proved to be NP hard. To solve the problem, an improved kernel search-based heuristic is designed. Computational experiments on a real case study and extensive random instances demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and heuristic.Secondly, a bi-objective closed-loop food supply chain with returnable transport items (BCLFSC-RTI) is investigated. The two objectives are to maximize the total profit and to minimize carbon emissions, simultaneously. The studied problem considers multiple retailers. For this complex bi objective problem, a bi-objective MILP is proposed for its modelling, and an iterative ε-constraint method is applied to solve it. Then, a relax-and-fix heuristic is developed to solve the transformed single objective problem in each iteration of the ε-constraint method. Computational results based on various randomly generated instances show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to that of a state-of-the-art commercial optimization solver CPLEX.Finally, a closed-loop food inventory-routing problem with RTIs (CLFIRP-RTI) is addressed. In this problem, a vehicle routing problem is integrated and returnable transport items with different protective levels are considered. An appropriate MILP is proposed to formulate the problem, and the problem is proved to be NP-hard. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the proposed model
Grandjean, Jérémie. "Formulation et caractérisation de matériaux à base de liants hydrauliques utilisés dans les emballages de transport et de stockage de matières radioactives." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0012.
Повний текст джерелаROBATEL Industries company designs and products packages for highly radioactive materials. Neutron and thermal protection materials (PNT) are used in those packages to catch neutrons and to limit the increase of temperature due to radioactive materials in case of fire. These PNT are composed of a cement or a gypsum-based matrix with mineral or organic fillers. Once the neutrons have been slowed down by the hydrogen contained in the PNT, a mineral filler named colemanite enables the neutron capture thanks to its high content of boron.The first goal of this thesis is to develop analytical chemistry techniques to check the chemical homogeneity of the PNT, which is crucial, particularly for boron. A dissolution method and two determination techniques have been developed. Another important topic in this thesis is characterization of thermal and mechanical properties. Thermal characterizations include heat of reaction, heat capacity and thermal conductivity measurements to determine the total heat absorbed by the PNT in case of fire. Mechanical characterizations include compression, bending and ultrasonic tests in order to evaluate stress to rupture and elastic moduli of PNT. Beyond the characterizations, the aim of this thesis is to improve pre-existing formulas of PNT and most importantly to propose new formulas. Two mixture designs have been carried out to increase the boron and the hydrogen concentrations of PNT. Another mixture design allowed enhancing the fluidity of a PNT using a superplasticizer. The last part of the thesis deals with the study of new cements called sulfoaluminous that show interesting properties because their hydration products are rich in hydrogen. For these three new PNT families, the increase of the setting time of cement due to boron has been restricted
Martínez, López Brais. "Development of new characterization methodologies and modelling of transport properties on plastic materials : application to homologous series of tracers." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20240.
Повний текст джерелаFood contact materials must comply with the inertia criteria defined by European regulation, which establishes migration limits for substances that may be transferred into food. Traditionally, migration levels were determined experimentally by performing money and time-consuming migration tests. Recently, modelling tools have been approved to predict migration levels of additives from plastics. However, these models need of certain parameters: the diffusion coefficient or diffusivity, the mass transfer coefficient and the partition coefficient. These coefficients, particularly diffusivity, may be determined experimentally or by predictive modellingRaman microspectroscopy was used to develop a methodology for the characterisation of diffusivity, using amorphous polystyrene as model polymeric matrix. This methodology was applied to two families (homologous series) of molecules presenting the benzenic ring as fundamental unit, with the goal of establishing relationships between diffusivity in the polymeric matrix and geometrical characteristics of the molecules (volume, length, compressibility), describing molecular mobility in function of their hindrance.This method has also been adapted to LLDPE, with the goal of establishing the operating conditions allowing to simultaneously determine both diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient.This work has also allowed to lay the foundations of a diffusivity prediction model, based on geometrical and dynamical characteristics of molecules, without the need of a huge computing power compared to other models present in literature. As well, this work permitted to study the sensitivity of the mathematical models regarding simultaneous regression of several variables used in the description of mass transfer
Möller-Wiering, Susanne. "Segeltuch und Emballage : Textilien im mittelalterlichen Warentransport auf Nord-und Ostsee /." Rahden/Westf. : M. Leidorf, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410677354.
Повний текст джерелаKraiem, Omar. "Comportement mécanique d’une mousse fragile. Application aux emballages de transport de matières dangereuses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN028/document.
Повний текст джерелаDue to improvements in the manufacturing process that allow a better control of their microstructure, brittle foams are now part of the new efficient materials. New markets in the field of structural applications open up thanks to their excellent mechanical properties combined with light weight.In this study, a carbon foam with open cells has been studied in order to be used as shock absorber in packagings. Its compressive mechanical behavior has been characterized under various uniaxial and multiaxial loadings. The carbon foam yield surface and its evolution during loading have been identified. The main mechanical properties have been evaluated and some of them have been correlated with those predicted by the Gibson and Ashby micromechanical model. The mechanisms of deformation and the energy absorption have been studied using post-mortem observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray microtomography.The Deshpande and Fleck model (DF) has been adopted and slightly modified to model the compressive multiaxial behavior of the carbon foam. The latter is considered as an homogeneous continuum medium. The constitutive equations have been implemented in the finite element code LS-DYNA via a Umat routine. The model parameters have been identified and the model estimations validated on available triaxial tests as well as on crushing tests made on micro-structures. Numerical simulations are relevant on predicting the global macroscopic behavior. Nevertheless, the mechanical model needs to be improved to better account for some phenomena not currently described
Nasiri, Aida. "Development of Safe-by-Design Nano-composites for Food Packaging Application." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT076.
Повний текст джерелаThe market of nanotechnologies is dominated by the food packaging area which amounts more than 20% of the total nanotechnologies market in 2015. However, the wide-scale use of nanomaterials raises important questions about environmental and safety issues that could hinder their development. In the case of plastics intended to be in contact with food, the risk of contamination concerns not only the nanoparticles but also all the chemical additives added during the material processing. The presence of nanoparticles is susceptible to modify the interactions between polymer and the additives with a possible change in their transport properties and therefore the food contamination.The present work aims at identifying the relationship between the structural characteristic and the transport properties (diffusivity and solubility) of nanoparticles and chemical additives incorporated in nanocomposites. In this regard, it is necessary to fill the gap of knowledge in 3D nanostructure characterization and a multi-scale modeling of mass transfer properties of nanocomposites in real usage conditions.In this way, polyethylene and nanoclay were selected based on the best compromise between real potential applications and the scientific knowledge previously published and eventually the nanocomposites were synthesized with LLDPE, Cloisite20 and a compatibilizer by melt intercalation method.The nanocomposite structure was characterized using TEM, X-ray nanotomography, TGA and XRD then submitted to migration tests undertaken in contact with different food simulants which represent various types of food (aqueous, acid, alcoholic) following the recommendation of the European regulation on the food contact material. To evaluate the positive or adverse effects of the nanomaterials on the contamination of the food by chemical additives which are usually incorporated with the plastic packaging, the virgin polymer and nanocomposite material were spiked with a mixture of the additives exhibiting various volatility, polarity and molecular weight. Then, the transport properties (i.e inertia) of nanocomposite structure was distinctively investigated on kinetic (apparent diffusion coefficient) and thermodynamic (partition coefficient) considerations.The results indicated that nanoclay addition in plastic materials favorably reduced the migration of additives by modifying both their diffusivity in the polymer and their partition between the polymer and the food simulant. However, while the partition coefficient of additives increases in nanocomposite in comparison to pure LLDPE for the samples in contact with all types of food simulants, the reduction of diffusion coefficient is significantly dependent on the nature of the food simulant in contact. Hence, it can be concluded that the major role in the migration of additives is not played by the imposed tortuosity path, but by the factors such as the affinity between the base polymer and simulants as well as the effects of simulants on swelling and crystallinity of the samples. Moreover, the effect of additive-related parameters and the structural parameters were assessed and put in perspective with their impact on the transport properties of nanostructures. Integrating the results of characterization and transfer properties led to an improved understanding of the influence of structure of nanocomposites on their mass transfer properties and therefore on the suitability of using them as food contact materials
MESSAOUDI, MUSTAPHA. "Elaboration d'un modele de calcul du debit d'equivalent de dose neutron autour des emballages de transport de combustibles irradies." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112466.
Повний текст джерелаDespond, Séverine. "Etude et réalisation d'un support fibreux contenant un polymère naturel : le chitosane." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10189.
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