Статті в журналах: "EM waves"

1

Jamati, Fady. "Analogy between vortex waves and EM waves." Fluid Dynamics Research 50, no. 6 (October 23, 2018): 065511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1873-7005/aae16a.

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2

Rybarczyk, R. Joseph, Alexandria E. D. Federick, Oleksandr Kokhan, Ryan Luckay, and Giovanna Scarel. "Probing electromagnetic wave energy with an in-series assembly of thermoelectric devices." AIP Advances 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082749.

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We study the interaction of radio waves, microwaves, and infrared laser light of power P and period τ with a macroscopic thermoelectric (TEC) device-based detector and probe the energy Pτ as being the energy of these electromagnetic (EM) waves. Our detectors are in-series assemblies of TEC devices. We treat these detectors as equivalent to capacitors and/or inductors. The energy Pτ enables characterizing detector’s parameters, such as equivalent capacitance, inductance, resistance, responsivities, effective power, and efficiency. Through various scaling procedures, Pτ also aids in determining the power P of the EM waves. We compare the performance of our detectors with that of other TEC devices and with radio- and microwave-sensitive devices reported in the current literature, such as spin–orbit torque and spin–torque oscillator devices, heterojunction backward tunnel diodes, and Schottky diodes. We observe that the performance of our detectors is inferior. However, the order of magnitude of our detector’s parameters is in reasonable agreement with those of other TEC and non-TEC devices. We conclude that TEC devices can be used to detect radio waves and that Pτ effectively captures the energy of the EM waves. Considering Pτ as the EM wave’s energy offers a classical approach to the interaction of EM waves with matter in which photons are not involved. With the EM wave’s energy depending upon two variables (P and τ), a similar response could be produced by, e.g., radio waves and visible light, leading to interesting consequences that we briefly outline.

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3

Holzrichter, John F., Greg C. Burnett, Todd A. Gable, and Ng C. Lawrence. "Acoustic and EM waves for speech processing." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 3 (September 1998): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423706.

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4

Bignardi, Samuel, Francesco Fedele, Giovanni Santarato, Anthony J. Yezzi, and Glenn J. Rix. "Surface Waves in Laterally Heterogeneous Media." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 139, no. 9 (September 2013): 1158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000566.

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5

Chun. "Between Sensation and Sign: The Secret Language of The Waves." Journal of Modern Literature 36, no. 1 (2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jmodelite.36.1.53.

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6

Tromanhauser. "Eating Animals and Becoming Meat in Virginia Woolf's The Waves." Journal of Modern Literature 38, no. 1 (2014): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jmodelite.38.1.73.

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7

Giertz, Hans W. "Photons Are EM Energy Superpositioned on TEM Waves." Open Journal of Microphysics 03, no. 03 (2013): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojm.2013.33013.

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8

Gardner, C. L., and G. I. Costache. "The penetration of EM waves through loaded apertures." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 37, no. 3 (1995): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/15.406525.

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9

Shi, Qian, Feng Wang, Ting Ting Fu, and Yan Miao. "Study on Propagation Characteristics of EM Wave of PD in Cable Accessories." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.610.

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PD in cable accessories will inspire EM waves of ultra-high frequency (UHF) at hundreds of MHZ to GHZ. To study the characteristics of EM wave inspired by PD in cable accessories, a three-dimension model of 110kV cable joints is established. Based on the propagation theory of EM waves in coaxial waveguide, finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the effect of cable joints composite interfaces on UHF signal propagation, and simulation analysis of relations between PD UHF signal's energy distribution, pulse frequency, propagation distance. Simulation results show that the main transmission mode of EM waves is TEM mode in the joints; Energy of EM waves descends rapidly as the PD pulse's frequency increases; Energy of TEM waves descends rapidly with the increasing detection distance. Simulation analysis of UHF signal's propagation characteristics provides the theoretical basis for UHF PD detection in cable accessories.

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10

CHAUDHARY, ROZINA, NODAR L. TSINTSADZE, and P. K. SHUKLA. "Nonlinear propagation of intense electromagnetic waves in a hot electron–positron plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 76, no. 6 (August 17, 2010): 875–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377810000498.

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AbstractThe creation and annihilation of relativistically hot electron–positron (EP) pair plasmas in the presence of intense electromagnetic (EM) waves, which are not in thermal equilibrium, are studied by formulating a new plasma particle distribution functions, which are valid for both relativistic temperatures and relativistic amplitudes of the EM waves. It is found that intense EM waves in a collisionless EP plasma damp via nonlinear Landau damping. Accounting for the latter, we have obtained relativistic kinetic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with local and non-local nonlinearities. The NLSE depicts nonlinear Landau damping rates for intense EM waves. The damping rates are examined for dense and tenuous pair plasmas. Furthermore, we have studied the modulational instabilities of intense EM waves in the presence of nonlinear Landau damping. Our results reveal a new class of the modulational instability that is triggered by the inverse Landau damping in a relativistically hot EP plasma. Finally, we discuss localization of intense EM waves due to relativistic electron and positron mass increase in a hot pair plasma.

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11

Dontsov, Egor V., and Bojan B. Guzina. "Direction-Independent Algorithm for Simulating Nonlinear Pressure Waves." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 143, no. 4 (April 2017): 04017006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001195.

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12

Laurmaa, Viljami, Marco Picasso, Gilles Steiner, Frederic M. Evers, and Willi H. Hager. "Run-Up Simulation of Impulse-Generated Solitary Waves." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 144, no. 2 (February 2018): 04017170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001385.

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13

Srivastava, Ankit, and Francesco Lanza di Scalea. "Quantitative Structural Health Monitoring by Ultrasonic Guided Waves." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 136, no. 8 (August 2010): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000136.

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14

Yu, Jie. "Approximations of the Dispersion Relationship of Water Waves." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 140, no. 1 (January 2014): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000620.

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15

TSINTSADZE, N. L., R. CHAUDHARY, and A. RASHEED. "Positron sound waves and nonlinear Landau damping of intense transverse EM waves in an isotropic EPI plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 5 (February 12, 2013): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377813000081.

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AbstractRelativistically hot electron–positron–ion (EPI) plasmas in the presence of relativistic intense electromagnetic (EM) radiation that are not in thermal equilibrium are studied by following a modified plasma particle distribution function. By means of a kinetic description, soliton solution is obtained for a small amplitude EM wave, whereas for large amplitude EM waves a cusp soliton solution is obtained. A general expression of positron density oscillations is obtained for long wavelength in comparison with the Debye length of electrons, and is discussed for special cases. Dispersion relations for a new type of longitudinal waves with slow damping is formulated as a consequence of resonant wave–particle interaction, and the necessary conditions for the existence of positron sound waves are obtained. Furthermore, for ultrarelativistic electrons and non-relativistic positrons, quasi positron sound waves dispersion relation in the intermediate wave range is obtained. It is shown that the modulation of amplitude of relativistic EM waves leads to instability for the rare plasma. Finally, we have obtained the relativistic kinetic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (KNLS) with local and non-local nonlinearities. The KNLS equation depicts nonlinear Landau damping rates for intense EM waves, and these damping rates are also examined.

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16

Bu, Xiangxi, Zhuo Zhang, Xingdong Liang, Longyong Chen, Haibo Tang, Zheng Zeng, and Jie Wang. "A Novel Scheme for MIMO-SAR Systems Using Rotational Orbital Angular Momentum." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 3511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103511.

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The vortex electromagnetic (EM) wave with orbital angular momentum (OAM) brings a new degree of freedom for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, although to date, its application to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) SAR has not yet been widely reported. In this paper, an orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based MIMO-SAR system is proposed. The rotational Doppler Effect (RDE) of vortex EM waves offers a novel scheme for an OAM-based MIMO-SAR system. By transmitting the rotational vortex EM waves, echoes of different OAM modes can be discriminated by a bandpass filter in the range-Doppler domain. The performance of the proposed scheme is independent of the time-variant channel responses, and the wider beam width of the vortex EM waves delivers, for the same antenna aperture size, better performance in terms of swath width and azimuth resolution, in contrast to the plane EM waves. Moreover, the spatial diversity of vortex EM waves shows great potential to enhance the MIMO-SAR system applications, which involve high-resolution wide-swath remote sensing, 3-D imaging, and radar-communication integration. The proposed scheme is verified by proof-of-concept experiments. This work presents a new application of vortex EM waves, which facilitates the development of new-generation and forthcoming SAR systems.

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17

CHIAO, RAYMOND Y. "PROPOSED OBSERVATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE VIA "MILLIKAN OIL DROPS"." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12a (December 2007): 2309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011279.

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Pairs of Planck-mass drops of superfluid helium coated by electrons (i.e. "Millikan oil drops"), when levitated in a superconducting magnetic trap, can be efficient quantum transducers between electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational (GR) radiation. This leads to the possibility of a Hertz-like experiment, in which EM waves are converted at the source into GR waves, and then back-converted at the receiver from GR waves into EM waves. Detection of the gravitational-wave analog of the cosmic microwave background using these drops can discriminate between various theories of the early Universe.

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18

Vardiambasis, I. O., J. L. Tsalamengas, and K. Kostogiannis. "Propagation of EM waves in composite bianisotropic cylindrical structures." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 51, no. 3 (March 2003): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2003.808725.

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19

Galal, T., D. Rondot, and J. Mignot. "The distribution of EM waves scattering from cutaneous surface." Revue de Physique Appliquée 24, no. 4 (1989): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:01989002404046900.

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20

Kaplan, A. E., and P. L. Shkolnikov. "Electromagnetic “Bubbles” and Shock Waves: Unipolar, Nonoscillating EM Solitons." Physical Review Letters 75, no. 12 (September 18, 1995): 2316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.75.2316.

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21

Jaf, Jassim M., and Keh-Han Wang. "Interaction of Solitary Waves with a Submerged Impermeable Breakwater." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 141, no. 9 (September 2015): 04015030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000937.

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22

Rao, Qingwen, Guanjun Xu, and Wangchen Mao. "Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072466.

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In this paper, the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity with megahertz electromagnetic (EM) waves by spaceborne radar is studied based on the EM scattering theory, the Boltzmann–Shukla equations, and the improved scattering matrix method (ISMM). The reflection characteristics of the lunar surface soil subject to megahertz waves are analyzed through the EM scattering theory and expressed by the lunar surface soil permittivity. Then, the lunar ionosphere is assumed to be composed of dusty plasma, and its EM characteristics are described with the Boltzmann–Shukla equations. Finally, the transmission and reflection characteristics of the propagation of EM waves in the lunar ionosphere are numerically calculated with ISMM. Thus, the complex permittivity of lunar surface soil is obtained. In addition, the effects of detection environment situations, such as the lunar illumination intensity, characteristics of the lunar dust and dust charging process in the lunar ionosphere, on the amplitude and phase of EM waves are also investigated in this study. The simulation results show that an EM wave at a high frequency induces a strong effective wave with a stable phase shift and a significantly small interferential wave. Moreover, the lunar illumination is more effective under EM waves in low frequency bands; the characteristics of the lunar dust have a notable influence on the transmission and absorption coefficients of the effective waves. These conclusions help in real applications involving the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity by spaceborne radar in various lunar environments.

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23

A. Herrero, Miguel, and Leandro Sastre. "Models of aggregation in dictyostelium discoideum: On the track of spiral waves." Networks & Heterogeneous Media 1, no. 2 (2006): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2006.1.241.

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24

Siu, Lok Yin, and Hoi Tik Alvin Leung. "Hands-on activity using the amplitude and frequency of electromagnetic waves to demonstrate the principle of information transfer." Physics Education 57, no. 6 (September 20, 2022): 065019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ac8dd8.

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Abstract Electromagnetic (EM) waves are indispensable in modern telecommunications. Despite their essential role in modern technology, EM waves are considered to be an abstract concept by many students. In this activity, an inexpensive two-coil system was constructed in a teaching laboratory and used to demonstrate information transfer by non-sinusoidal EM waves. Twenty secondary school students were invited to try out a hands-on activity developed based on this system. The participants were divided into teams, with some members in each team encoding and transmitting a message using EM signals followed by other members receiving the signal and decoding the message. The message was encoded using different frequencies and amplitudes of the sinusoidal components in the EM signal. In this outreach activity, a significant number of participants was found to hold the misconception that all EM waves are sinusoidal. After this hands-on activity, the number of participants holding this misconception decreased.

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25

Sapozhnikov, Philipp V., Andrey G. Kostianoy, Peter O. Zavialov, Olga Yu Kalinina, Abilgazy K. Kurbaniyazov, Nurgazy K. Kurbaniyazov, and Nurbek B. Muratov. "Epilithic biofilms of the Eastern Caspian (Aktau region, Kazakhstan) under conditions of falling sea level." Ecologica Montenegrina 64 (August 12, 2023): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.64.9.

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Communities of microorganisms that form biofilms on the rocky shores of the Middle Caspian are capable of maintaining the integrity of the coastal landscape in the conditions of sea retreat associated with the ongoing drop in sea level since 1995. Algal-bacterial biofilms developing on rocky substrates of the East Caspian coast within the City of Aktau were studied in autumn (October 2022) and spring (April 2023) seasons. Communities in biotopes with different structure were investigated. It has been established that the most stable and diverse communities with a pronounced vertical structure live in the areas with high sheer cliffs on capes. On flat areas of the coast, which have undergone recent shallowing and are protected from surfing waves by ridges of large stones, less diverse cenoses, demonstrating clear spatial organization. In the shallow open areas of the shore, which are subject to intense wave action, live communities of two types were observed. Both cenoses contained a relatively small number of species, but differed in structure and potential for protecting the coast from erosion. The first of them live in biotopes outside the impact of urban domestic sewage, and are able to protect coastal marl from destruction due to the development of stable, rapidly regenerating complex structural elements. The latter were noted in the conditions of along-shore spreading of untreated domestic wastewater from new city developments located close to the coast. Such biofilms were no longer able to protect marls from being destroyed by waves, and took the form of constantly renewed patches with minimum diversity of components and unstable spatial organization.

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26

Masood, Samina, and Iram Saleem. "Propagation of electromagnetic waves in extremely dense media." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 15 (May 19, 2017): 1750081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17500816.

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We study the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in extremely dense exotic systems with very unique properties. These EM waves develop a longitudinal component due to interactions with the medium. Renormalization scheme of QED is used to understand the propagation of EM waves in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The propagation of EM waves in a quantum statistically treatable medium affects the properties of the medium itself. The electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability of the medium are modified and influence the related behavior of the medium. All the electromagnetic properties of a medium become a function of temperature and chemical potential of the medium. We study in detail the modifications of electric permittivity and magnetic permeability and other related properties of a medium in the superdense stellar objects.

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27

Raza, Usman, and Abdul Salam. "Zenneck Waves in Decision Agriculture: An Empirical Verification and Application in EM-Based Underground Wireless Power Transfer." Smart Cities 3, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 308–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3020017.

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In this article, the results of experiments for the observation of Zenneck surface waves in sub GHz frequency range using dipole antennas are presented. Experiments are conducted over three different soils for communications distances of up to 1 m. This empirical analysis confirms the existence of Zenneck waves over the soil surface. Through the power delay profile (PDP) analysis, it has been shown that other subsurface components exhibit rapid decay as compared to the Zenneck waves. A potential application of the Zenneck waves for energy transmission in the area of decision agriculture is explored. Accordingly, a novel wireless through-the-soil power transfer application using Zenneck surface waves in electromagnetic (EM) based wireless underground communications is developed.

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28

Brennenstuhl, Heiko, Manuel Will, Elias Ries, Konstantin Mechler, Sven Garbade, and Markus Ries. "Patterns of extreme temperature-related catastrophic events in Europe including the Russian Federation: a cross-sectional analysis of the Emergency Events Database." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e046359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046359.

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ObjectiveTo investigate reported extreme temperature-related catastrophic events and associated mortality on the European continent including the Russian Federation.DesignCross-sectional respecting Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria.SettingsData source: Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT).ParticipantsSearch criteria: location—European continent including Russian Federation, time—years 1988 until 2019 (close of database 12 July 2019), catastrophic events—extreme temperatures.Primary outcome measuresNumbers of heat waves, cold waves, severe winter conditions and associated number of deaths, overall, and per country and year, respecting STROBE criteria.ResultsThe most frequent type of the 243 events recorded in EM-DAT were cold waves (54.7%). However, cold waves and severe winter conditions only accounted for 6460 deaths (4.5%), while heat waves were associated with 137 533 deaths (95.5%). The five most severe heat waves in 2003, 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2015 were associated with a total of 135 089 deaths. The most severe heat waves were geographically distributed over the Russian Federation (2010), as well as France, Italy, Spain and Germany, each in 2003.ConclusionAlthough cold waves are more frequently reported in EM-DAT, heat waves are the major cause for temperature-related deaths. In order to better protect the public, it is important to address resiliency and vulnerability of populations at risk and age groups.

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29

He, Qiong, Shulin Sun, and Lei Zhou. "Tunable/Reconfigurable Metasurfaces: Physics and Applications." Research 2019 (July 7, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/1849272.

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Metasurfaces, ultrathin metamaterials constructed by planar meta-atoms with tailored electromagnetic (EM) responses, have attracted tremendous attention due to their exotic abilities to freely control EM waves. With active elements incorporated into metasurface designs, one can realize tunable and/or reconfigurable metadevices with functionalities controlled by external stimuli, opening a new platform to dynamically manipulate EM waves. In this article, we briefly review recent progress on tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces, focusing on their working mechanisms and practical applications. We first describe available approaches, categorized into different classes based on external stimuli applied, to realize homogeneous tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces, which can offer uniform manipulations on EM waves. We next summarize recent achievements on inhomogeneous tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces with constitutional meta-atoms locally tuned by external knobs, which can dynamically control the wave-fronts of EM waves. We conclude this review by presenting our own perspectives on possible future directions and existing challenges in this fast developing field.

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30

LI, FANG-YU, and MENG-XI TANG. "ELECTROMAGNETIC DETECTION OF HIGH-FREQUENCY GRAVITATIONAL WAVES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 11, no. 07 (August 2002): 1049–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271802002554.

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Unlike usual astrophysical sources of gravitational wave (GW), strong electromagnetic (EM) oscillation systems, high-energy particle beams, solar plasma and crystal arrays are able to produce GWs of extremely high-frequency. Their frequencies may reach up to 108 Hz or higher, but the corresponding amplitude orders are only 10-33 - 10-40. We review the possibility of EM detection for the above GWs. In addition, the maximal signal of high-frequency relic GWs, recently expected by quintessential inflationary models, may be firmly localized in the GHz region. We estimate perturbative effects of the relic GWs to the EM detection systems, and show that the effects can possibly provide a new scheme for the EM detection of the relic GW in the GHz window.

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31

Zhu, Lixing, Shoaib A. Goraya, and Arif Masud. "Interface-Capturing Method for Free-Surface Plunging and Breaking Waves." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 145, no. 11 (November 2019): 04019088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001641.

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32

Ma, Yuxiang, Guohai Dong, Shuxue Liu, Jun Zang, Jinxuan Li, and Yiyan Sun. "Laboratory Study of Unidirectional Focusing Waves in Intermediate Depth Water." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 136, no. 1 (January 2010): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000076.

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33

Ye, J. H., and D. S. Jeng. "Response of Porous Seabed to Nature Loadings: Waves and Currents." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 138, no. 6 (June 2012): 601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000356.

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34

Conita, Adrian, Yulianto Hadiprawiro, and Atiek Nur Hidayati. "Iklan Tokopedia Versi BTS sebagai Representasi Korean Waves." Jurnal Desain 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jd.v8i2.8666.

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Perkembangan zaman yang pesat membuat teknologi mengalami banyak perubahan dari waktu ke waktu. Kemajuan teknologi ini ditandai dengan munculnya internet dimana saat ini semua orang dapat menggunakan internet untuk berbagai keperluan. Saat ini belanja online sudah menjadi kebutuhan pokok di semua kalangan. Perusahaan e-commerce bersaing satu sama lain untuk menarik perhatian orang dengan membuat iklan yang menggunakan duta merek (Brand Ambassador). Tokopedia merupakan mall online yang memungkinkan penjual untuk membuka toko dan melakukan penjualan dengan mudah tanpa harus memikirkan sewa toko dan membayar gaji karyawan dengan mengutamakan keamanan transaksi, menawarkan pengalaman jual beli online yang aman, mudah dan nyaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis representasi Gelombang Korea yang tercermin dari keberadaan BTS dalam Iklan Komersial Tokopedia. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis semiotik Charles Sanders Pierce dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa representasi Korean Waves melalui BTS sebagai brand ambassador Tokopedia dalam iklan YouTube tercermin dari karakter positif sosok individu atau kelompok yang muncul untuk menarik persona konsumen Tokopedia

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35

Muhibbullah, Muhammad, and Yasuro Ikuma. "Transition of Orbital Electrons by Electromagnetic Waves." Optics 4, no. 2 (March 23, 2023): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt4020018.

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An electromagnetic (EM) wave is a form of continuous energy, of which both the frequency and the amplitude are parts, as shown in a recent report. All the facts relating to the photoelectric effect are explained by the new modified EM wave concept. Since the photon concept is not able to explain the intensity effect and the ejection direction clearly, it cannot be used to explain nonlinear optical phenomena clearly. The current understanding of the interaction process between orbital electrons and light may not be realistic. In this work, the electron transition process is explained with the new modified EM wave concept. The orbital electrons of a material rotate circularly by the sinusoidal fields of the EM waves. In this way, the electrons absorb light energy as rotational kinetic energy. During the first rotational cycle, the electrons with large enough radii face different potential barriers in neighboring orbits. Consequently, the electrons’ speed is obstructed, and the electrons move behind their natural places (phase); in other words, the electrons cannot follow the required phase of EM waves. Thus, sufficient energetic electrons are scattered from their orbit. The high-intensity EM waves reach the inner orbits of the targeted atom and transit electrons from different orbits. The light can regenerate through processes with different frequencies. The frequency of the regenerated light can be higher than that of primary light, depending on the energy (frequency and amplitude) of the primary light. The results of previous reports match the prediction of the new concept of EM waves. The new wave concept may be able to explain all photonic behaviors of light clearly.

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36

Segal, Moshe. "The Energy Pairs Theory." Electrical Engineering : An International Journal 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/eeij.2022.9201.

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The acceptable notion today is that Electromagnetic waves from separate sources cannot consolidate [4]. However, the author of this article published several articles [1], [2], [3], [5] which argue that Electromagnetic (EM) waves from separate sources do consolidate. In addition to the scenarios described in articles [1], [2], [3], Article [5] adds further support to the statement that EM waves from separate sources can consolidate, support that everybody can experience, from everyday experience, every day, which can also be recorded on photos. This scenario is presented again, also in this article. However, if EM waves from separate sources do consolidate, this seems to embed paradoxes, which must be addressed, because the Energy Conservation Principle seems to be violated. The Energy Pairs Theory, proposed initially by the author of this article in article [1], and presented again briefly in this article, proposes a framework which resolves and explains the paradoxes embedded in consolidations of EM waves from separate sources, and other paradoxes and unanswered and open questions, as presented already in article [1], and presented briefly again in this article.

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37

Taimre and Lowry. "Sounds of Unridden Waves and the Aesthetics of Late Romanticism: A Photo-Essay." Journal of Asia-Pacific Pop Culture 6, no. 1 (2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jasiapacipopcult.6.1.0013.

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38

Kashif, Muhammad, and Poppy Puspitasari. "Optimum Conditions for EOR Using Nanofluids Subjected to EM Waves." Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um016v1i12017p015.

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39

Kashif, Muhammad, and Poppy Puspitasari. "Optimum Conditions for EOR Using Nanofluids Subjected to EM Waves." Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um030v1i12017p015.

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40

Katti, Anvesha, and D. K. "Coverage Probability using EM waves for UWSN in Shadowing Environment." International Journal of Computer Applications 153, no. 6 (November 17, 2016): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016912087.

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41

Aricioglu, Burak, and Abdullah Ferikoglu. "Thermal Effects of 5G Frequency EM Waves on Ocular Tissue." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 4 (May 10, 2021): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360404.

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This research article aims to investigate the thermal effects on human eye due to exposure of EM (electromagnetic) field at 5G frequencies. A secondary purpose of the article is to show that SPICE, one of the most commonly used tools in circuit analysis, can be used to solve complex EM and bioheat transfer problems. Both electric field and temperature distributions in human eye are simulated with transmission line modelling (TLM) method. Also, finite element method (FEM) calculations are carried out for comparison. Temperature distributions are calculated for 30 minutes of EM radiation exposure. As a subject of the simulation, a human is chosen that the power density of incoming field at the human eye is assumed as the maximum of the ICNIRP general public exposure limits. A good consistency between TLM and FEM based simulations is found. A new transmission line model based on Debye parametric model is generated for simulation of EM field distribution in the tissues. With this generated transmission line, the results for the frequencies of interest can be obtained via single simulation. Also, a new transmission line model is developed for the temperature distribution simulation in which the effects of noncompressible fluid flow such as non-unidirectional blood flow in tissues and flow in aqueous humor are taken into consideration.

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42

West, James C., and Mark A. Sletten. "Multipath EM scattering from breaking ocean waves at grazing incidence." Radio Science 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 1455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97rs00909.

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43

Yip, CK, A. Goudevenos, and J. Lucas. "Antenna design for the propagation of EM waves in seawater." Underwater Technology 28, no. 1 (November 7, 2008): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3723/ut.28.011.

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44

Yu, G. X., W. X. Jiang, X. Y. Zhou, and T. J. Cui. "Non-rotationally invariant invisibility cloaks and concentrators of EM Waves." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 44, no. 2 (August 21, 2008): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2008152.

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45

Youtsos, A. G. "Propagation of EM waves through a moving optically active slab." International Journal of Engineering Science 30, no. 9 (September 1992): 1145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(92)90063-m.

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46

Marouvo Fagundes, Patricia. "The Waves pelos olhos de Bernard." Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 19, no. 32 (July 15, 2020): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2020.43027.

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O presente trabalho objetiva pensar o processo de escrita pelo ponto de vista de Bernard ao esboçar um resumo da sua vida e da vida de seus amigos ao final do romance The Waves (1931) de Virginia Woolf. Sua escritura é problematizada ainda quando comparada à da mulher que escreve em Elvedon e aos poetas da década de 30, que Woolf alcunha os leaning tower poets. Pretende-se fazer uma releitura da importante contribuição aos estudos woolfianos desenvolvida por Jane Marcus em “Britannia Rules The Waves” (2004), que recuperou dados materiais que ajudam a compor a narrativa e a contextualizam histórica e biograficamente.

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Huang, Guoxing, Zhen Hua Huang, and Adrian W. K. Law. "Analytical Study on Drift of Small Floating Objects under Regular Waves." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 142, no. 6 (June 2016): 06016002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001067.

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48

Yu, Tzu-Yang. "Distant Damage-Assessment Method for Multilayer Composite Systems Using Electromagnetic Waves." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 137, no. 8 (August 2011): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000257.

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Pao, Yih-Hsing, and Yun-Yan Yu. "Attenuation and Damping of Multireflected Transient Elastic Waves in a Pile." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 137, no. 8 (August 2011): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000259.

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50

Wang, Hai Peng, Yun Bo Li, He Li, Jia Lin Shen, Shu Yue Dong, Shi Yu Wang, Kai Nan Qi, et al. "Intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition for adaptive manipulation of electromagnetic wave." Nanophotonics 11, no. 7 (March 1, 2022): 1401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0799.

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Abstract Due to the strong ability of recognizing electromagnetic (EM) environment and adaptively control of EM waves, the intelligent metasurfaces have received great attention recently. However, the intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition for adaptive manipulation of the EM waves has not been studied. Here, we propose a frequency-recognition intelligent metasurface to precisely control the spatial EM waves under the agile frequencies with the help of a real-time radio-frequency sensor and an adaptive feedback control system. An active meta-atom is presented to reach 2 bit phase coding and 1 bit amplitude coding capacities to control the amplitude and phase independently. Experimental results demonstrate that the metasurface can recognize different frequency of the incoming wave with very high resolution, and can adaptively realize the self-defined multiple frequency agilities to manipulate the reflected EM waves without any human participation. As example, the intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition can adaptively operate wave absorption at 5.36 GHz, reflection to normal direction at 5.38 GHz, deflection to −30° at 5.40 GHz, random diffusion at 5.42 GHz, and deflection to +33° at 5.44 GHz by detecting the incoming frequency at the resolution of 0.02 GHz.

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