Книги: "Elemento normativo"

1

Werner, Sesselmeier, and Schulz-Nieswandt Frank 1958-, eds. Konstruktion von Sozialpolitik im Wandel: Implizite normative Elemente. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2008.

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2

Gianfranco, Ferrari. Il diritto tra regola e azione: Elementi d'analisi praxeologica del normativo. Padova: CEDAM, 1988.

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3

Gianfrancesco, Zanetti, ed. Elementi di etica pratica: Argomenti normativi e spazi del diritto. Roma: Carocci, 2003.

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4

Backes, Uwe. Politischer Extremismus in demokratischen Verfassungsstaaten: Elemente einer normativen Rahmentheorie. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1989.

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5

Risicato, Lucia. Gli elementi normativi della fattispecie penale: Profili generali e problemi applicativi. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2004.

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6

Ortega, Antonio Robles. Para una moral cívica: Elementos de reflexión y debate sobre la crisis normativa de la sociedad actual. Granada: Comares, 1994.

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7

D'Ambrosio, Filippo. Il direttore dei lavori nell'appalto di opere pubbliche: Riferimenti normativi, contabilità dei lavori, funzioni di carattere amministrativo, elementi di pratica operativa. Milano: Cosa & come, 1993.

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8

Armbrustmacher, Theodore J. Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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9

Armbrustmacher, Theodore J. Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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10

Armbrustmacher, Theodore J. Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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11

Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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12

Armbrustmacher, Theodore J. Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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13

Simonović, Đorđe R. Uređenje seoskih teritorija i naselja: Urbanizacija sela : prostorni razvoj: stanje sa regionalnim karakteristikama i ocenom : elementi, pokazatelji i normativi za planiranje, projektovanje i izgradnju. 2nd ed. Beograd: "IBI" Inženjering i projektovanje, 1993.

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14

Medrano, M. D. A normative-calculation procedure used to determine mineral abundances in rocks from the Montpelier Canyon section of the Phosphoria Formation, Idaho: A tool in deciphering the minor-element geochemistry of sedimentary rocks. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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15

Hernández, Tomás García. Elementos de derecho sanitario en la responsabilidad civil y penal de los médicos por mala praxis: Con índices normativos de legislación y jurisprudencia de interés para abogados, jueces y profesores de medicina legal. Madrid: Edisofer, 2002.

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16

Torlone, Francesca, ed. Il diritto al risarcimento educativo dei detenuti. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-926-9.

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L’esecuzione della pena in ottica (ri)educativa è tema assai dibattuto attraverso approcci anche multidisciplinari. In questo volume esso è affrontato in chiave risarcitoria, ovvero attraverso il riconoscimento della necessità di predisporre dispositivi educativi di contrasto alle ‘azioni educative avverse’, cui può essere esposta la popolazione detenuta all’interno di contesti penitenziari, ed al fenomeno della recidiva. Oltre agli elementi del programma trattamentale (strutturato, intenzionale, normato e proceduralizzato), ogni momento di espiazione della pena – anche quelle taken for granted – ha in sé una valenza educativa e si presenta come opportunità di crescita e miglioramento per ciascun detenuto. Il volume raccoglie una serie di contributi da professionisti del sistema penale a testimonianza della varietà di esperienze, con senso educativo, che supportano i processi di cambiamento dei detenuti.

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17

Sesselmeier, Werner, and Frank Schulz-Nieswandt. Konstruktion Von Sozialpolitik Im Wandel: Implizite Normative Elemente. Duncker & Humblot GmbH, 2008.

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18

El error sobre elementos normativos del tipo penal. - 1. ed. Universidad del Rosario, 2012.

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19

Levitov, Alex. Normative Legitimacy and the State. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935307.013.131.

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This article offers a critical overview of the major normative theories of political legitimacy from the seventeenth century to the present day, with a special focus on the leading representatives of the social contract tradition: the voluntarist theory, according to which legitimate political authority must derive from the free choices of its subjects; and the natural duty theory, which holds that a state’s legitimacy depends on the extent to which its institutions are just, regardless of whether it has been freely authorized by its subjects. The article then explores the prospects of a hybrid theory that would combine elements of the two and concludes by examining the ways in which the various conceptions of state legitimacy under consideration might be applied or adapted to the case of supranational political institutions.

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20

Backes, Uwe. Politischer Extremismus in Demokratischen Verfassungsstaaten: Elemente Einer Normativen Rahmentheorie. VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften GmbH, 2013.

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21

Horst, Johan. Transnationale Rechtserzeugung: Elemente Einer Normativen Theorie der Lex Financiaria. Mohr Siebeck GmbH & Company KG, 2019.

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22

Anter, Andreas, ed. Die normative Kraft des Faktischen. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748900481.

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Georg Jellinek was the most important representative of constitutional theory of his time. Up to now, his conceptions have been discussed in international state theory. Whether a two-sided theory, a three-element doctrine or a four-status doctrine—Jellinek imposed himself on the history of constitutional theory with concise numerical formulas. For a long time, his concept of the ‘normative force of the factual’ has been part of the fixed vocabulary of constitutional and political theory. Celebrated as a masterpiece on its publication, his opus magnum ‘Allgemeine Staatslehre’ was quickly translated into all the world’s languages. For Max Weber, Jellinek was the only representative of constitutional theory of worldwide standing. The contributions in this volume discuss the central aspects of Jellinek’s political and constitutional theory, examining its relevance for the solution of today's problems, not least the questions of statehood and the syndicate nature of the European Union. Andreas Anter’s fields of research include state theory, the history of political ideas and constitutional politics. With contributions by Andreas Anter, Hans Boldt, Stefan Breuer, André Brodocz, Jens Kersten, Dieter Koop, Oliver Lepsius, Walter Pauly, Martin Siebinger

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23

Muders, Sebastian. Autonomy and the Value of Life as Elements of Human Dignity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675967.003.0008.

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Within the debate on assisted suicide and euthanasia, the arguments from autonomy and from the special value of life are often linked to human dignity in order to make the normative principles they defend more resistant against competing considerations. However, the resulting conceptions of dignity are usually presented as competing with each other; that is, either one spells out human dignity in terms of autonomy, or one explicates it in terms of the value of human life. As an alternative, this chapter offers a “combined approach”: It seeks to explicate dignity in terms of specific interpretations of both autonomy and life’s value in a way that ascribes a unique normative role to both. This can help explain the complex attitudes toward various cases that are discussed in the debate on assisted suicide and euthanasia. The upshot will be that the arguments from autonomy and from the value of life can be recognized as valid without having strict priority with respect to one another. Still, each one might be employed for turning the tide in favour or against assisted suicide and euthanasia within specific cases.

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24

Farkas, Katalin. Know-How and Non-Propositional Intentionality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732570.003.0004.

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This chapter addresses the question of whether know-how is non-propositional. The question is usually approached through asking whether “know-how” is distinct from “know-that”. The chapter proposes that we should narrow our question. It briefly recalls a certain tradition of talking about knowledge that sees it as a uniquely human cognitive achievement with a normative aspect. The central and paradigmatic case has been a certain kind of possession of truth. But is there another, similarly valuable and uniquely human cognitive achievement? The outlines of such a concept are presented: it’s an ability to reliably succeed in performing some action, which was developed and refined through reflection. Practical knowledge is evaluated for reliable success in action, rather than for truth, so it’s not propositional; but it has a reflective element which makes it similar to propositional knowledge. This conception combines elements of intellectualism and anti-intellectualism about knowledge-how.

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25

de Araújo Lôbo Silvestre, JANINI, and JULIENNE DINIZ ANTÃO. ELEMENTOS DE DIREITO PROCESSUAL CIVIL E DO TRABALHO - TOMO II. Brazil Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-627-6.

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In this volume, major issues are addressed, especially regarding the last labor reform, and, as well, procedural aspects are addressed, in view of the advent of the new Code of Civil Procedure 2015, and its consequences for the work process. The current scenario - of legislative reforms, technological advances and social transformations - brings new challenges in the field of labor law, and certainly cannot remain immune to the critical debate of law enforcement. Subsequent of social struggles, labor law over the years has grown in normative density and protective principles in various legal systems, where the legal-labor subsystem has covered the worker with several guarantees, which, even, went through the phenomenon of constitutionalization. In this perspective, understanding labor law from its great social function allows us to obtain its interpretative key. To protect the worker is what exists.

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26

Finnigan, Bronwyn. The Nature of a Buddhist Path. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499778.003.0002.

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Is there a “common element” in Buddhist ethical thought from which one might rationally reconstruct a Buddhist normative ethical theory? Many construe this as the question Which contemporary normative theory does Buddhist ethics best approximate: consequentialism or virtue ethics? This essay argues that two distinct evaluative relations underlie these positions: an instrumental and a constitutive analysis. This chapter raises some difficulties for linking these distinct analyses to particular normative ethical theories but gives reasons to think that both may be justified as meta-ethical grounds for rationally reconstructing Buddhist thought as an ethical theory. It closes with some reflections on the complexity involved in trying to establish a single and homogeneous position on the nature of Buddhist ethics.

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27

Zucker, Nancy, Courtney Arena, Cortney Dable, Jasmine Hill, Caroline Hubble, Emilie Sohl, and Jee Yoon. Selective Eating. Edited by W. Stewart Agras and Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.23.

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Selective eating (also referred to as picky or fussy eating) has been described as a normative developmental phase that a significant minority experience and, potentially, “grow out of” without formal intervention. This chapter reviews the literature on selective eating from the stance that this eating pattern is a clinical condition rather than a normative developmental phase. Construing selective eating as a clinical condition, it probes questions of definition, chronicity, and impairment that would warrant intervention. It explores the phenomenology of selective eating, suggesting that the experience of disgust has been relatively neglected in understanding the experience of selective eaters and that the inclusion of this feature may offer some novel hypotheses for both necessary treatment elements and novel conceptualizations about what it means to “outgrow” selective eating. Finally, assuming the hypotheses proposed are accepted, it suggests some necessary treatment elements to expand food variety in individuals with selective eating.

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28

Patomäki, Heikki. The Anarchical Society as Futurology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779605.003.0015.

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The Anarchical Society outlines various possible world orders, such as ‘New Mediaevalism’ and world state, as alternatives to the anarchic order of the modern states-system. This essay evaluates critically the factual and normative premises of Bull’s arguments concerning possible, likely, and desirable future world orders (factual and normative are intertwined but not inseparable). A key point is that Bull somewhat underestimated the sway of globalizing forces, including the gradual emergence of elements of world statehood. This essay’s main argument of, however, is that because of his omission of political economy, Bull would have been puzzled about the causes of the re-emergence of great power conflicts. For the same reason, he also misjudged the importance of building better common institutions.

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29

Straus, Joseph N. Therapeutic Music Theory and the Tyranny of the Normal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190871208.003.0007.

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This chapter weaves together two stories that are usually told separately. The first is the story of disability, especially how people have talked about bodies perceived as defective, deviant, or deformed. The second is the story of music, especially how music theorists have talked about musical features perceived as in some sense abnormal. Traditional music theory is a normalizing discourse, designed to rationalize abnormal musical elements (like formal anomalies or dissonant harmonies) with respect to normal ones, and it has thus implicitly allied itself with the medical model of disability. A countertradition within music theory is a disablist discourse that embraces elements traditionally understood as strange, odd, eccentric, and idiosyncratic, without making any effort to position them within a normative context, and is thus aligned with the sociocultural model of disability. Disablist music theory crips music.

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30

Psygkas, Athanasios. Questioning the European Union’s “Democratic Deficit”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632762.003.0001.

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This chapter challenges the notion of the EU democratic deficit by demonstrating that exclusive reliance on the parliamentary democracy tradition is misplaced. The reality of extensive administrative policymaking raises questions of accountability that are not unique to the EU level. Indeed, the book argues that the structure of the EU regulatory system may enhance the democratic accountability of national regulatory agencies. This chapter focuses on a preliminary conceptual issue: the accountability-enhancing view of EU law presupposes a different model of democratic accountability, one that does not rest upon the classic representative variant. I call this the “deliberative-participatory model.” The proposed model finds its normative underpinnings in Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy which is distinguished from other normative accounts. The chapter further outlines the fundamental operative elements of the deliberative-participatory model in practice and compares it to the model of adversarial legalism.

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31

Sultany, Nimer. Constitutional Legitimation I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768890.003.0003.

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This chapter argues that constitutional legitimacy does not rest on a singular, coherent basis. Constitutions are neither reducible to their “strategic” benefits, nor do they serve as “contracts for legitimacy.” It illustrates this by examining Ottoman and colonial constitutions. It argues that early constitutional experiments during Ottoman rule did more than simply rationalize government, codify conditions of political weakness, or represent elite interests. Likewise, colonial constitutions were incoherent as they simultaneously symbolized and denied sovereignty, advanced colonization and provided spaces for resistance. This incoherence does not imply that colonized subjects were “citizens” and that colonial structures included genuine democratic elements or sought a gradual transfer of power to the natives. Finally, it argues that an appreciation of the normative weaknesses of pre-independence Arab constitutions should not presuppose a false dichotomy between modus vivendi and normativity nor presume that a normative endorsement of constitutions would secure their durability and political stability.

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32

Rath, Jürgen. Subjektive Rechtfertigungselement: Zur Kriminalrechtlichen Relevanz Eines Subjektiven Elements in der Ebene des Unrechtsausschlusses -- Auf der Grundlage Einer Rechtsphilosophie Im Normativen Horizont des Seins. eine Rechtsphilosophisch-Kriminalrechtliche Untersuchung. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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33

Scott, W. Richard, and Raymond E. Levitt. Institutional Challenges and Solutions for Global Megaprojects. Edited by Bent Flyvbjerg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732242.013.4.

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Megaprojects are characterized by complex technical interdependencies—both compatible and contentious—novel technologies and systems, cross-cutting regional and political forces, and the presence of multiple institutional frameworks. This chapter stresses the role played by institutions. Employing a broad conception, it views institutions as consisting of three types of elements: regulatory (rules, laws, orders), normative (norms and values) and cultural-cognitive (beliefs, schemas, frames). As a form, megaprojects incorporate and are subject to a diverse, complex, and conflicting combination of elements. Viewed as an organization field, megaprojects confront a highly diverse set of participants who exhibit varying degrees of embeddedness in their local environment and are obliged to manage their operations across multiple changing phases which entail shifts over time in their power and influence. These challenges require that successful megaprojects develop flexible legal-contractual managerial controls, common norms and values, and shared identities anchored in a robust project culture.

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34

Kosstrin, Hannah. White Rooms, Red Scare. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199396924.003.0005.

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Anna Sokolow’s early Cold War choreography cloaked social(ist) challenges to the status quo under the façade of American modernism. Lyric Suite (1953) laid bare sexual discontent in the guise of universal abstraction; Rooms (1954) portrayed gay people’s and Jews’ experiences among those of society’s untouchables in tenement houses; and the Opus series (1958–1965) cemented the political significance of the Old Left meeting the New Left through ironic uses of musical and movement elements drawn from jazz, as Africanist elements like these signaled a generalized Americanness. Sokolow’s assimilation into concert dance whiteness through these works’ critical reception and Israeli Bonds festivals reflected the American Jewish community’s postwar assimilation from racially marked to Caucasian. Sokolow’s work evidences roles played by leftist Jews in crafting definitive images of midcentury Americana as they publicly rewrote their 1930s leftist actions into normative postwar American activities in the wake of the Second Red Scare.

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35

Betsinger, Tracy K., Amy B. Scott, and Anastasia Tsaliki, eds. The Odd, the Unusual, and the Strange. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401032.001.0001.

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While death and dying are universal, the treatment of the dead is culturally and temporally specific, highlighting the influence of both the deceased individual and the living community within the mortuary process. This volume focuses specifically on non-normative or atypical mortuary practices situated within a contextually driven understanding of social and cultural norms surrounding the process of interment. Each chapter compares and contrasts the various elements of these mortuary treatments (e.g., body position, body orientation, artifact inclusion) and how they may represent specific ideological and/or cultural notions of identity and personhood after death (e.g., age, sex, gender, status, health). Care is taken to avoid simple binary classifications of “typical” and “atypical” by considering the range of mortuary treatments that characterize each society. Drawing on examples from North and South America, Europe, and Asia, this comprehensive volume stresses the commonality between non-normative or atypical treatments spanning millennia. Additionally, this volume strives to employ a holistic understanding of non-normative burials both in terms of assessing the significance and interpretation of individual cases of atypical interments, as well as to better understand the overall phenomenon of these mortuary practices, which continue to be the source of fascination and debate within mortuary archaeology.

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36

Stahn, Carsten, and Jens Iverson, eds. Just Peace After Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823285.001.0001.

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The interplay between peace and justice plays an important role in almost any contemporary conflict. Peace and conflict studies have generally devoted more attention to conflict than to peace. Peace is often described in adjectives, such as negative/positive peace, liberal peace or democratic peace. But what elements make a peace just? Just war theory, peacebuilding, or transitional justice provide different perspectives on the dialectic relation between peace and justice and the methods of establishing peace after conflict. Experiences such as the Colombian peace process show that peace is increasingly judicialized. This volume analyses some of the situational, normative, and relational elements of peace in processes of transition. It explores six core themes: conceptual approaches towards just peace, macro-principles, the nexus to security and stability, protection of persons and public goods, rule of law and economic reform and accountability. It engages with understudied issues, such as the pros and cons of robust UN mandates, the link between environment protection and indigenous peoples, the treatment of illegal settlements, the feasibility of vetting practices or the protection labour rights in post-conflict economies. It argues that just peace requires only not negotiation, agreement and compromise (e.g., moderation), but contextual understandings of law, multiple dimensions of justice and strategies of prevention. It complements the two earlier volumes on the legal contours of jus post bellum, namely Just Post Bellum: Mapping the Normative Foundations (2014) and Environmental Protection and Transitions from Conflict to Peace: Clarifying Norms, Principles and Practices (2017).

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37

Beiser, Frederick C. Johann Friedrich Herbart. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849854.001.0001.

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This book is an intellectual biography of Johann Friedrich, who was one of the most famous philosophers in early 19th century Germany. Herbart was trained in the German idealist tradition under Fichte, but he eventually broke with Fichte and major idealist doctrines. His own philosophy was opposed to the idealist tradition in important respects: he defended a dualism between the factual and normative; he was an ontological pluralist rather than monist; and he accepted crucial Kantian dualisms that had been rejected by the idealists (viz. the dualism between essence and existence, reason and sensibility). While Herbart still retained elements of idealism, he was more realistic than his idealistic counterparts, maintaining that elements of the sensible manifold were given rather than posited by the mind. Herbart was also an important forerunner of analytic philosophy, first in breaking with the idealist tradition, and second in insisting that the proper method of philosophy is the analysis of concepts rather than speculation about the universe as a whole.

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38

Bartley, Tim. Re-centering the State. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.003.0007.

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Transnational private regulation has brought reforms to forests and factories but rarely of an empowering or transformative kind. This chapter draws out normative implications of the research in this book and highlights paths toward improvement. While not dispensing with supply-chain scrutiny altogether, the chapter calls for revising the rating of corporate responsibility, re-centering the state, and shifting toward “place-conscious” transnational governance. Some elements of this approach can already be seen in a new transnational timber legality regime, which has the potential to overcome the limits of private sustainability standards. The chapter explains the rise of this regime and considers the possibilities for extending the legality framework to labor.

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39

Gragl, Paul. The Moral Appeal of Legal Monism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796268.003.0005.

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This chapter looks beyond the mere epistemological and descriptive horizon of legal monism and enquires as to what follows from a unitary view of the law in normative sense. Furthermore, this necessitates the question of whether monism is indeed capable of improving the law as it is, and if the answer is yes, in what way it can achieve this goal. It will be argued that especially regarding international law, the pure theory of law is very open to extra-legal elements, namely in three distinct areas, which will also form the main sections of this chapter: ideological criticism; democracy (as well as constitutional review); and pacifism (as well as cosmopolitanism).

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40

Ciochina-Barbu, Ioan, and Cristian Jora. Drept civil. Obligatiile. Editia a II-a revazuta si adaugita. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062810610.

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Lucrarea Drept civil. Obligatiile, aflata la cea de-a II-a editie, ofera studentilor si masteranzilor informatii utile cu privire la institutii specifice acestei parti a dreptului civil si autorii au urmarit sa prezinte elemente noi din doctrina si din practica judiciara, actuala editie avand in vedere modificarile legislative, dar si, intr-o anumita masura, evolutia practicii judiciare. Autorii s-au straduit sa prezinte institutiile din materia obligatiilor civile conform actualului cadru legal, avand in vedere reglementarile Codului civil si acelea ale altor acte normative, iar atunci cand s-a considerat necesar, a fost efectuata si o analiza comparativa intre actuala reglementare si aceea a Codului civil din 1864.

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41

Guénaël, Mettraux. International Crimes: Law and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198860099.001.0001.

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The law of international crimes has become increasingly dense over the years, which has rendered the law of international crimes more sophisticated and more complex. This is perhaps most apparent in relation to the law of crimes against humanity. From a single paragraph in Article 6 of the Nuremberg Charter, the law of crimes against humanity has grown into dozens of interacting definitional elements and an extensive body of practice. As part of this development, crimes against humanity have established their own normative identity with a distinctive chapeau or contextual element and a broad range of underlying offences, including discrimination-based crimes, penal translations of what are in effect serious human rights violations, a series of gender-based crimes and a residual offence of ‘other inhuman acts’. The combined effect of a sophisticated body of criminal law, international obligations directed at ensuring accountability and a multiplication of judicial venues competent to adjudicate upon such crimes, carries with it the hope that crimes against humanity could become an effective enforcer of international justice. However, resistance to full and universal accountability for such crimes is still a powerful political reality that undermines the possibility of justice and the institutions that are devoted to it. The present volume hopes to contribute to achieving that goal as the law of crimes against humanity is as important and relevant today as it was when first enforced. As it stands today, that law is a testimony to the efforts of many who have strived to ensure that atrocities should not remain unpunished.

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42

Gat, Azar. Ideological Fixation. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197646700.001.0001.

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Abstract After theorists around 1960 proclaimed the “death of ideology”, ideological divides and clashes have re-emerged with renewed intensity throughout the world. In the United States they have become particularly venomous. Each side in America’s escalating ideological civil war charges the other with concocting “fake news” and “alternative facts”. The other side is widely viewed as malicious, irrational, or downright stupid, and, often, as barely legitimate. People are deaf to claims about reality that come from the opposite camp, no matter how valid they might be. The zeal of the opposing sides is often scarcely less than that which characterized the religious ideologies of old. Indeed, historical religious ideologies have largely been replaced by “secular religions” or “religion substitutes”. Ideology consists of normative prescriptions regarding how society should be shaped, together with an interpretive roadmap indicating how this normative vision can be implemented in reality. Ideological fixation is the result of tensions and conflicts between these two elements. The book focuses on ideologies’ factual claims about the world, typically subordinate to, and often distorted by, their normative commitment. In exploring this phenomenon, the book combines insights from evolutionary psychology regarding the nature of some of our deepest proclivities with a broad sweep through history. It proceeds from the Stone Age to the rise of civilization, the great religions, and modernity, to a critique of fundamental factual premises that underlie some of the major debates dominating today’s liberal democracies, not least the United States.

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Robin M, Warner. 33 Conserving Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Co-Evolution and Interaction with the Law of the Sea. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0033.

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This chapter explores key normative features of the legal and institutional framework for areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) and their applicability to the conservation of marine biodiversity. It considers gaps and disconnects in that framework and global and regional initiatives to develop the legal and institutional framework for conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. It suggests that the biodiversity conservation elements of any multilateral agreement adopted under the umbrella of the UN Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) should be designed to implement the spirit and intent of Part XII provisions of the LOSC, rather than radically changing the basic principles and inherent balance of the law of the sea.

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Wählisch, Martin. Peace Settlements and the Prohibition of the Use of Force. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0046.

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This chapter explores the relationship between peace settlements (which encompass truces, armistices, ceasefires, and peace agreements) and the prohibition of the use of force. It begins by discussing the role of peace treaties in prohibiting the use of force, the consequences of non-compliance with peace settlements, and previous experiences in enforcing ceasefires and peace agreements. It then considers the elements of the applicable normative framework in international law, including the legal basis of peace treaties and the legal consequences of their breach. The chapter concludes by analysing the implementation mechanisms for peace settlements, with particular reference to the practice of monitoring and peace enforcement missions authorized by the UN Security Council.

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Palmieri, Sonia. Gender-Sensitive Parliaments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.215.

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While women have succeeded in promoting a feminist agenda in some parliaments, the international research shows that this is not always possible, and accordingly, not a realistic expectation for women. Parliaments, like any institution, have specific cultural norms and practices, some of which actively work against the advancement of gender equality. Understanding the conditions under which female—and male—parliamentarians might succeed in promoting gender equality outcomes has become an important avenue for research and development practice. The focus on gender-sensitive parliaments allows for a framework to identify, and encourage the development of, those conditions.There are four key elements of a gender-sensitive parliament. First, it accepts that the responsibility to achieve gender equality, both as a policy outcome and as a process, rests with the parliament as a whole (its male and female members and staff) and with the organizations that drive substantial policy, procedural, and normative development (political parties). Second, a gender-sensitive parliament is guided by institutional policies and legal frameworks, which allow the parliament to monitor its achievements toward gender equality and allow follow-up and review. Third, a gender-sensitive parliament institutionalizes a gender mainstreaming approach through its representational, legislative, and oversight work to ensure that all the parliament’s outputs consider, and counteract, any potential discrimination against women or men, girls or boys. This element requires a reconsideration of the process and structures of the parliament, including the respective roles and capacities of members and parliamentary staff. Fourth, a gender-sensitive parliament constantly strives to eliminate institutional cultures that sanction and perpetuate discriminatory, prejudicial norms and attitudes in the workplace against women members and staff.

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Naar, Hichem. The Rationality of Love. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862642.001.0001.

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Abstract The Rationality of Love addresses the question whether love belongs, paradoxically enough, to the realm of reason, whether love belongs to the class of responses, such as belief and action, that admit of norms of justification and rationality. Are there normative reasons to love someone? Can love be an appropriate or fitting response to an individual? Or is love, like perceptual experiences, sensations, and urges, the sort of thing we just have and for which we cannot be normatively criticizable? Ordinary thinking about love seems to pull us in different directions. On the one hand, love—involving as it does lots of non-rational elements—seems to be a good example of a response we shouldn’t assess in terms of rationality. On the other hand, we find it appropriate or fitting to love certain things and not others, and we are not reluctant to ask ourselves why we love certain people. This book defends the view that love is subject to normative standards by carefully assessing the various answers to the normative question about love and by providing its own solution. An extensive critical discussion of the so-called ‘no-reasons’ view of love is given, which helps uncover important issues to be tackled by any advocate of the rationality of love. In addition, the discussion is informed by the philosophy of normativity, an area often neglected in the debate. All in all, this book provides a systematic and up-to-date discussion of a central issue in the philosophy of love.

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Phillips, David. Rossian Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602185.001.0001.

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This book has two connected aims. The first is to interpret and evaluate W. D. Ross’s ethics, focusing on the key elements of his moral theory: his introduction of the concept of prima facie duty, his limited pluralism about the right, and his limited pluralism about the good. The second is to articulate a distinctive view intermediate between consequentialism and absolutist deontology, “classical deontology.” According to classical deontology the most fundamental normative principles are principles of prima facie duty, principles which specify general kinds of reasons. Consequentialists are right to think that reasons always derive from goods; and ideal utilitarians are right, contra hedonistic utilitarians, to think that there are a small number of distinct kinds of intrinsic goods. But consequentialists are wrong to think that all reasons have the same weight for all agents. Instead there are a small number of distinct kinds of agent-relative intensifiers: features that increase the importance of certain goods for certain agents. It is argued that classical deontology combines the best elements of the moral theories of Ross and of Sidgwick, and that the best philosophical interpretation of Ross is that he is a classical deontologist.

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Cook, Daniel Thomas. The Moral Project of Childhood. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479899203.001.0001.

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The Moral Project of Childhood argues and demonstrates that fundamental problems stemming from a growing acceptance of children’s moral, spiritual, intellectual, and behavioral pliability drive the assembly of a contemporary “moral architecture” of childhood from extensive maternal responsibility coupled with the increasingly hegemonic presence and existence of child subjecthood. Drawing on materials published in periodicals intended for women and mothers from the 1830s to the 1930s, the book examines how mothers—and, later, commercial actors—found themselves compelled to consider children’s interiorities: their perspectives, needs, wants, pleasures, and pains. In this process, the child’s subjectivity progressively, albeit unevenly, arises as a form of authority in a variety of contexts, including discourses about Christian motherhood, the elements of cultural taste, and the discipline and punishment of children, as well as in machinations about play and toys, questions of children’s property rights, and the uses of money by and for children. The book considers the Protestant origins of the child consumer—a somewhat unlikely pairing—and makes visible and relevant the prefigurative elements and rhetorics from which the child consumer emerges as a contemporary, dominant, and normative ideal.

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Gill, Denise. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190495008.003.0007.

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The conclusion offers important departure points for scholars to push ahead with the study of music, emotion, feeling, sound, and affective practices. Identifying and interrogating one affective particular—“melancholy”—in Turkish classical musicians’ historicizing, narrative, sonic, artistic, performative, and transmission processes, the conclusion argues that melancholies must be understood as affective practice. The ending compares normative U.S. and Turkish assumptions about melancholy, and interrogates the author’s own performances of melancholy and a trip to the rhizomatic reed beds of southeastern Turkey, where ney-s, the end-blown flutes of Turkish classical music, are first created. Finally, pain, suffering, and loss emerge as essential elements that Turkish classical musicians believe they must endure in life, for dialogue between musicians making music

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Kai, Ambos. Part IV The ICC and its Applicable Law, 24 The ICC and Common Purpose—What Contribution is Required under Article 25(3)(d)? Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0024.

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This chapter discusses the nature and elements of common purpose liability under Article 25(3)(d) of the ICC Statute. It argues that Article 25(3)(d) represents a compromise that tries to combine opposition of state delegations to any form of anticipated (e.g. conspiracy) or organizational/collective liability (e.g. membership liability) with the need to have a form of individual participation in collective criminal enterprises, which is in line with the principles of legality and culpability. It distinguishes Article 25(3)(d) from the concept of joint criminal enterprise applied at other ICCs and tribunals (e.g. ICTY, ICTR, and SCSL), and argues that it is necessary to develop normative criteria for neutral acts of assistance under Article 25(3)(d).

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