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Статті в журналах з теми "Elementary volume"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Carter, Tyrette S. "Welcome to Volume 18." Teaching Children Mathematics 18, no. 1 (August 2011): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.18.1.0004.

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Анотація:

Share news about happenings in the field of elementary school mathematics education, views on matters pertaining to teaching and learning mathematics in the early childhood or elementary school years, and reactions to previously published opinion pieces or articles.

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2

Zembat, Ismail Ozgur. "Prospective elementary teachers’ conceptions of volume." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2, no. 2 (2010): 2111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.290.

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3

de Araújo, O. M. O., K. V. Sharma, A. S. Machado, T. M. P. Santos, C. G. Ferreira, R. Straka, F. W. Tavares, and R. T. Lopes. "Representative elementary volume in limestone sample." Journal of Instrumentation 13, no. 10 (October 25, 2018): C10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/10/c10003.

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4

Tomita, Hideo, and Yoshiko Higurashi. "Elementary Functional Japanese: Intercultural Communication, Volume Two." Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese 34, no. 2 (October 2000): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/489559.

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5

Nazikian, Fumiko, and Yoshiko Higurashi. "Elementary Functional Japanese: Intercultural Communication, Volume Three." Japanese Language and Literature 35, no. 1 (April 2001): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/489710.

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6

Chen, Beifang. "A Simplified Elementary Proof of Hadwiger's Volume Theorem." Geometriae Dedicata 105, no. 1 (April 2004): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:geom.0000024665.02286.46.

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7

Callahan, Kevin, and Kathy Hann. "An Euler-type volume identity." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 59, no. 3 (June 1999): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700033190.

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Анотація:

In this paper we present an elementary proof of a congruence by subtraction relation. In order to prove congruence by subtraction, we produce a dissection relating equal sub-polytopes. An immediate consequence of this relation is an Euler-type volume identity in ℝ3 which appeared in the Unsolved Problems section of the December 1996 MAA Monthly.This Euler-type volume identity relates the volumes of subsets of a polytope called wedges that correspond to its faces, edges, and vertices. A wedge consists of the inward normal chords of the polytope emanating from a face, vertex, or edge. This identity is stated in the theorem below.Euler Volume Theorem. For any three dimensional convex polytope PThis identity follows immediately from

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8

Zhang, Ting Ting, E. Chuan Yan, Xian Ming Hu, and Yang Bing Cao. "Fractal Description of Rock Mass Structure Representative Elementary Volume." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.439.

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The mechanical parameters of the rock masses are scale dependent because of the existence of the discontinuities. The self-similarity of the discontinuities makes the application of fractal theory in the description of the rock mass structure possible. The novel point in this study is that the structure representative elementary volume (SREV) of rock mass is proposed. Rock mass structures were obtained through the two-dimensional discontinuity network simulation results, from which ten pieces of square rock mass specimens were chosen. The side lengths of the specimens were increased in turn from 1m to 10m. And the fractal dimension of each specimen with different sizes was calculated by the box-counting principal of the fractal geometry. The fractal dimensions of the rack mass structures became larger with their side lengths increasing, and finally stable. And the SREV of the rock mass was determined based on the variation rule of the fractal dimensions. Further, the relation between the structure representative elementary volume (SREV) and mechanical parameter representative elementary volume (REV) was qualitatively analyzed from the strength differences between the discontinuities and intact rock. And the conclusion was inferred that the size of the SREV was the upper limit of mechanical parameter REV. Meanwhile, the conclusion was verified by the results of the finite element method. This study can provided a referring value for the estimation of the mechanical parameter REV in future.

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9

Puyguiraud, Alexandre, Philippe Gouze, and Marco Dentz. "Is There a Representative Elementary Volume for Anomalous Dispersion?" Transport in Porous Media 131, no. 2 (November 16, 2019): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-019-01366-z.

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10

Oshlakov, Viktor G., Anatoly P. Shcherbakov, and Yaroslav A. Ilyushin. "Optimization of a Polarization Nephelometer." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2020.12.437.

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The effect of parameters of a polarization nephelometer on its accuracy characteristic is analyzed. Errors in approximation of the actual scattering volume and actual optical beam by the elementary scattering volume and elementary beam are considered. A five-wave monochromatic source of radiation with the high spectral intensity of 0.15÷0.6 W is described. The design of polarization units is demonstrated.

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11

Lee, Yeo-Kyung, and Young Il Kim. "Analysis of Indoor Air Pollutants and Guidelines for Space and Physical Activities in Multi-Purpose Activity Space of Elementary Schools." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010220.

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Owing to the recent increase in the number of warning reports and alerts on the dangers of fine dusts, there has been an increasing concern over fine dusts among citizens. In spaces with poor ventilation, the occupants are forced to open the window to initiate natural ventilation via the direct introduction of the outside air; however, this may pose a serious challenge if the external fine-dust concentration is high. The lack of natural ventilation increases the indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, thus necessitating the installation of mechanical ventilation systems. This study analyzed the frequency of the application of mechanical ventilation systems in the Multi-purpose activity space of elementary schools, which are spaces where children require a higher indoor air quality than adults owing to the rapid increase in the CO2 concentration of the Multi-purpose activity space during activities. In addition, the architectural and equipment factors of the Multi-purpose activity spaces of nine elementary schools were characterized. The results revealed that five out of the nine elementary schools installed mechanical ventilation systems, whereas the remaining four schools installed jet air turnover systems. The indoor air quality of the Multi-purpose activity space of D elementary school, which had the minimum facility volume among the schools investigated in this study (564.2 m3), with up to 32 participants for each activity, was investigated. The results revealed that the ultrafine-dust (PM2.5) concentration of the facility was as high as 4.75 µg/m3 at a height of 1.2 m, and the CO2 concentration was as high as 3183 ppm. The results of the analysis of three elementary schools with different volumes were compared and analyzed using CONTAM simulation. This study determined the required volume per occupant and the optimum number of occupants for a given volume and presented guidelines for the optimum number of occupants, activities, and volume to reduce the high concentration of pollutants in the analyzed Multi-purpose activity space. The guideline proposed in this study is aimed at maintaining the CO2 concentration of the Multi-purpose activity space below 1000 ppm, as prescribed by the Indoor Air Quality Control in Public-Use Facilities, Etc. Act in South Korea.

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12

CASADIO, ROBERTO. "CHARGED SHELLS AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 18 (July 20, 2013): 1350088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13500887.

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We review the General Relativistic model of a (quasi-)pointlike particle represented by a massive shell of electrically charged matter, which displays an ADM mass M equal to the electric charge |Q| in the small-volume limit. We employ the Israel–Darboux's junction equations to explicitly derive this result, and then study the modifications introduced by the existence of a minimum length scale λ. For λ of the order of the Planck length (or larger), we find that the ADM mass becomes equal to the bare mass m0 of the shell, like it occurs for the neutral case.

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13

Li, J. H., L. M. Zhang, Y. Wang, and D. G. Fredlund. "Permeability tensor and representative elementary volume of saturated cracked soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 8 (August 2009): 928–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-037.

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Cracks are prevalent in near-ground-surface soils and provide preferential pathways for fluid flow. Cracks increase water infiltration or contaminant solute transport into soils. This paper studies the development of a permeability tensor and a representative elementary volume (REV) for saturated cracked soils. First, a method of generating random crack networks based on the statistical parameters of the crack geometry is presented. Then, the permeability tensor and REV for a crack network are studied by modeling water flow through the generated random crack networks. Finally, the permeability tensor for a cracked soil is obtained by combining the crack network and the soil matrix, and the properties of the permeability tensor and the REV for the cracked soils are investigated. Results show that the permeability tensor can be used to represent the permeability anisotropy of a cracked soil. An REV can be readily established when the crack network is relatively dense. An REV can be defined and the contribution of the crack network to permeability is small when a crack network exists in homogeneous sands. An REV is harder to establish and the hydraulic conductivity is dominated by the random crack network when a sparse crack network exists in clays.

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14

Rong, Guan, Jun Peng, Xiaojiang Wang, Guang Liu, and Di Hou. "Permeability tensor and representative elementary volume of fractured rock masses." Hydrogeology Journal 21, no. 7 (September 7, 2013): 1655–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1040-x.

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15

Lance, Christopher. "FUNDAMENTALS OF THE THEORY OF OPERATOR ALGEBRAS Volume I Elementary Theory, Volume II Advanced Theory." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 20, no. 3 (May 1988): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/20.3.267.

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16

A’yun, Quroti. "How is the Oral Hygiene of Elementary School Students?- Saliva pH, Saliva Volume and Saliva Viscosity." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 6 (December 14, 2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i6.1038.

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Background: Salivary pH, saliva volume, and saliva viscosity as part of the host affect the health of the oral cavity. High saliva viscosity affects the decrease in salivary flow rate which causes the accumulation of food debris which can eventually lead to plaque and tartar. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of saliva status on the OHI-S index in elementary school children. Methods: This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted on elementary school students in four elementary schools in Sleman City, Yogyakarta, with a total sample of 100 children. The independent variable is salivary status and the dependent variable is the OHI-S index. Collecting data by examining salivary status and examining OHI-S and analyzing data using Chi-Square. Result: there is an effect between pH, volume, and viscosity of saliva on the OHI-S index in children aged 9-11 years with p<0.05. Conclusion: saliva status affects the oral hygiene of elementary school students.

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17

Lovik, Thomas. "A CELEBRATION OF FLES*: SEQUENTIAL FLES, FLEX, AND IMMERSION.Gladys C. Lipton (Ed.). Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company, 1998. Pp. x + 226." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 2 (June 2000): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100302066.

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As indicated by the title of this volume, this collection of public speeches, conference presentations, and practical tips for the elementary foreign language classroom truly celebrates the vibrancy and mission exhibited by many teachers of foreign languages at the elementary level. The designation FLES* (pronounced “flestar”) has been created by Lipton as an “overall term for all types of elementary school foreign language programs” (p. 1), including sequential FLES (Foreign Language in the Elementary School), FLEX (Foreign Language Exploratory), and Immersion. According to Lipton, the term “sequential FLES” subsumes the model usually referred to as FLES.

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18

Permaganti, Bunga, Sintia Rahayu, and Wahyu Setiawan. "Analisis Minat Belajar Siswa SD Pangkalan Mencari Volume Bangun RUang Berbantuan Perangkat Lunak Geogebra." Journal on Education 2, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v2i1.283.

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This study aims to analyze student interest in learning through the GeoGebra program. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with a population of all elementary school students in Pangkalan Bandung. The sample used in this study was 29 fifth grade elementary school students in Pangkalan in the matter of building volume. The instrument used was the Student Interest Scale with many 20 statement statements that had positive and negative responses about learning using the GeoGebra program. The scale of students 'interest in learning is used to look for responses from respondents on elementary / MI students' interest in learning on the GeoGebra program material. The results of this study indicate a positive response to the learning of the volume of the building using the GeoGebra program with the average response given indicates a strong category with the percentage of results obtained is 66,69%. The average is obtained from the data of each indicator of student interest in learning.

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19

Sutopo, Norio ARIHARA, Kozo SATO, and Maghsood ABBASZADEH. "Representative Elementary Volume of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Evaluated by Flow Simulation." Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute 45, no. 3 (2002): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi.45.156.

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20

Wang, Da Yong, Hu Shan Xu, and Xiao Jing Ma. "Computed Tomography Analysis of Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of Porous Medium." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.234.

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Representative Elementary Volume (REV) is not only a necessary measure for studying heterogeneous pore structure of reservoir rocks but also an important parameter for core-scale numerical modeling. In this paper, we accordingly analyze the REV for different porous media with different grain sizes based on computed tomography (CT) measurement. Our results show that that CT measurement is a relible method for REV analysis and that there is an appropriate linear relationship between grain size and REV.

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21

Hatch, G. M., T. Germerott, G. Ampanozi, L. C. Ebert, M. J. Thali, and T. D. Ruder. "3.6. Elementary aspects of postmortem pulmonary imaging: normal postmortem lung volume." Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging 2, no. 2 (April 2014): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2014.02.033.

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22

Razavi, MR, B. Muhunthan, and O. Al Hattamleh. "Representative Elementary Volume Analysis of Sands Using X-Ray Computed Tomography." Geotechnical Testing Journal 30, no. 3 (2007): 100164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj100164.

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23

Sedaghat, Mohammad H., and Siroos Azizmohammadi. "Representative-Elementary-Volume Analysis of Two-Phase Flow in Layered Rocks." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 22, no. 03 (August 1, 2019): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/194014-pa.

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24

Gasmi, H., M. Touahmia, A. Torchani, E. Hamdi, and A. Boudjemline. "Determination of Fractured Rock’s Representative Elementary Volume by a Numerical Simulation Method." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 4 (August 10, 2019): 4448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2854.

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Анотація:

The present study aims at developing a numerical program called DISSIM which can analyze the homogenization of rock massifs using a new subroutine which calculates Representative Elementary Volume (REV). The DISSIM methodology consists of two steps. The first step involves the modeling of the fractured network in order to provide a surface simulation that represents the real fracture of the examined front. The second step is to numerically model the wave propagation through the simulated fracture network while characterizing the attenuation of vibrations due to the effect of discontinuities. This part allows us to determine in particular the wave propagation velocity through the fractured mass, from which we can determine the homogenized Young's modulus. However, after extensive bibliographic research, it was realized that a third step appeared to be necessary. In fact, it is necessary to look for a representative elementary volume on which we apply the proposed homogenization method. Two types of the representative elementary volume are proposed in this article, the geometric REV and the mechanical REV. The presentation of these two types of REV and the DISSIM methodology are detailed in this paper. Then, this methodology was applied to the study of a real case. The present research provides a method allowing the calculation of both types of REV for fissured rocks. The case study yielded comparable results between the mechanical REV and the geometric REV, which is compatible with previous research studies.

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25

Montagne, David, Isabelle Cousin, Lydie Le Forestier, Joël Daroussi, and Sophie Cornu. "Quantification of soil volumes in the Eg & Bt-horizon of an Albeluvisol using image analysis." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-029.

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In this study, we provide a strategy to quantify the effects on soil evolution of driving forces such as human activities or global change. This strategy was developed for situations in which soil evolution resulted in the formation of a complex juxtaposition of soil volumes with distinct properties including soil colours. It is based on image analysis. Our approach proceeds in two steps: (1) to find the minimum sample size over which the soil anisotropy can be neglected and (2) to define a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of that sample. This approach was developed on the Eg & Bt horizon of a drained Albeluvisol in which three decimetric soil monoliths were sampled at 60, 110 and 210 cm from a drain. The monoliths were sliced into 1.5-cm horizontal layers. Each slice was photographed and studied by image analysis. At the monolith scale, there was neither lateral nor vertical anisotropy. The sampled monoliths were larger than the REV allowing quantification of the different soil volumes constituting this particular horizon. We quantified significant evolutions of the abundance of the different soil volumes characterized by their colour as a function of the distance to the drain. Such a quantification of the effects on soil evolution of human activities or global change equally applies for Podzols, Calcisols or Gleysols for which pedogenesis also resulted in contrasted soil colour evolutions. Key words: Soil change, pedogenesis quantification, artificial drainage, image analysis, Albeluvisol, representative elementary volume

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26

Zhu, Dongyong, Zhong Li, Feng Xia, and Yong Xu. "Dynamic Garment Simulation based on Hybrid Bounding Volume Hierarchy." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0054.

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Abstract In order to solve the computing speed and efficiency problem of existing dynamic clothing simulation, this paper presents a dynamic garment simulation based on a hybrid bounding volume hierarchy. It firstly uses MCASG graph theory to do the primary segmentation for a given three-dimensional human body model. And then it applies K-means cluster to do the secondary segmentation to collect the human body’s upper arms, lower arms, upper legs, lower legs, trunk, hip and woman’s chest as the elementary units of dynamic clothing simulation. According to different shapes of these elementary units, it chooses the closest and most efficient hybrid bounding box to specify these units, such as cylinder bounding box and elliptic cylinder bounding box. During the process of constructing these bounding boxes, it uses the least squares method and slices of the human body to get the related parameters. This approach makes it possible to use the least amount of bounding boxes to create close collision detection regions for the appearance of the human body. A spring-mass model based on a triangular mesh of the clothing model is finally constructed for dynamic simulation. The simulation result shows the feasibility and superiority of the method described.

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27

Tao, Yubo, Zelong Li, and Peng Li. "A Design and Fabrication Method for Wood-Inspired Composites by Micro X-Ray Computed Tomography and 3D Printing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041400.

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Developments in 3D printing and CT scanning technologies have facilitated the imitation of natural wood structures. However, creating composites from the elementary features of anisotropic wood structures remains a new frontier. This paper aims to investigate the potential of constructing and 3D printing mechanically customizable composites by combining anisotropic elementary models reconstructed from the micro X-ray computed tomography (μ-CT) scanning of wood. In this study, an arbitrary region of interest selected from the μ-CT scanning of a sample of Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica) was reconstructed into isosurfaces that constituted the 3D model of an elementary model. Elementary models were combined to form the wood-inspired composites in various arrangements. The surface and interior structures of the elementary model were found to be customizable through adjusting the image Threshold and Surface Quality Factors during 3D volume reconstruction. Compressional simulations and experiments performed on the elementary model (digital and 3D printed) revealed that its compressive behavior was wood-like and anisotropic. Numerical analysis established a preliminary link between the arrangements of elementary models and the compressive stiffness of respective composites, showing that it is possible to control the compressive behaviors of the composites through the design of specific elementary model arrangements.

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28

Wiącek, Joanna, and Marek Molenda. "Representative elementary volume analysis of polydisperse granular packings using discrete element method." Particuology 27 (August 2016): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2015.08.004.

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29

Al-Raoush, Riyadh, and Apostolos Papadopoulos. "Representative elementary volume analysis of porous media using X-ray computed tomography." Powder Technology 200, no. 1-2 (June 2010): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.02.011.

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30

Brown, G. O., H. T. Hsieh, and D. A. Lucero. "Evaluation of laboratory dolomite core sample size using representative elementary volume concepts." Water Resources Research 36, no. 5 (May 2000): 1199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900017.

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31

Wiącek, Joanna, Marek Molenda, Jin Y. Ooi, and John Favier. "Experimental and numerical determination of representative elementary volume for granular plant materials." Granular Matter 14, no. 4 (May 1, 2012): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0351-2.

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32

Oda, Masanobu. "A method for evaluating the representative elementary volume based on joint survey of rock masses." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-049.

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Анотація:

The representative elementary volume of a statistically homogeneous rock mass is defined as the minimum volume beyond which any submass behaves essentially like the whole rock mass. A simple, but still general, method for the determination of the minimum volume is given on the basis of the crack tensor concept; it is concluded that the size must be at least three times larger than a typical length of joint traces. Key words: computer simulation, rock hydraulics, site investigation.

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33

Shuo, Zou, Jianlan Tang, and Jerito Pereira. "Integrating Hawgent Dynamic Mathematics Software into Cone Volume Geometry Learning in Elementary School." JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION (JTLEE) 5, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/jtlee.v5i1.7903.

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Анотація:

The aim of this research is to integrate Hawgent dynamic mathematics software into geometry learning to help teachers explain concepts and students understand the basic concept of volume of cone in 6th grade of elementary school. The research was conducted at Ningcheng Third Experimental Primary School with the population being all 6th grade students of the 2021/2022 school year. Sampling with a cluster random sampling technique and selected 40 students of 6th grade as the sampling class. In this teaching experiment research, the researcher was using a BOPPPS model based on the APOS theory. The research results showed that 79.49% of the students agree that the integrating Hawgent dynamic mathematics software into cone volume geometry learning process can help them understand the concept of cone volume. Integrating Hawgent dynamic mathematics software improves their interest in learning, the basis of in-depth understanding of knowledge, and the accuracy of the problem. In addition, information, communication and technology is highly integrated with classroom teaching, which can enrich classroom content and improve learning efficiency.

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34

Fenaux, Michiel, Encarnacion Reyes, Jaime C. Gálvez, Amparo Moragues, and Jesús Bernal. "On the Tortuosity-Connectivity of Cement-Based Porous Materials." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135812.

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In this work, the transport equations of ionic species in concrete are studied. First, the equations at the porescale are considered, which are then averaged over a representative elementary volume. The so obtained transport equations at the macroscopic scale are thoroughly examined and each term is interpreted. Furthermore, it is shown that the tortuosity-connectivity does not slow the average speed of the ionic species down. The transport equations in the representative elementary volume are then compared with the equations obtained in an equivalent pore. Lastly, comparing Darcy’s law and the Hagen–Poiseuille equation in a cylindrical equivalent pore, the tortuosity-connectivity parameter is obtained for four different concretes. The proposed model provides very good results when compared with the experimentally obtained chloride profiles for two additional concretes.

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35

Perreux, Dominique M., and W. Steven Johnson. "A Model for Prediction of Bone Stiffness Using a Mechanical Approach of Composite Materials." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 4 (January 22, 2007): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2746370.

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A model to predict the bone stiffness is presented in this paper. The objective is to obtain a description of bone stiffness of a representative elementary volume (REV) based on a small set of physical parameters. The main idea is to use measurable information related to the orientation and the density of a basic elementary submicrostructure (ESMS). This ESMS is the first arrangement of the basic components. A simple rule-of-mixtures approach is used to provide the elastic properties for the ESMS. The basic properties are dependent on the volume fraction of the mineralized phase. The orientation and the density of the ESMS is described by a tensor and a scalar, respectively. The model is used to obtain the elastic properties of both the cortical and trabecular bones. Data from femoral bone are used to verify this approach.

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36

Zhizhimontov, Ivan N., and Sergei V. Stepanov. "The Determination of Representative Elementary Volume by Valuing Petroleum Properties of Samotlor Field." Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 3, no. 2 (2017): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2017-3-2-46-59.

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37

Ghilardi, Paolo, Abdulai Kai Kai, and Giovanni Menduni. "Self-similar heterogeneity in granular porous media at the representative elementary volume scale." Water Resources Research 29, no. 4 (April 1993): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92wr02419.

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38

Al-Raoush, Riyadh. "Change in Microstructure Parameters of Porous Media Over Representative Elementary Volume for Porosity." Particulate Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2010.543262.

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39

Français, Olivier, and Isabelle Dufour. "Enhancement of elementary displaced volume with electrostatically actuated diaphragms: application to electrostatic micropumps." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 10, no. 2 (May 23, 2000): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/10/2/330.

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40

Yio, M. H. N., H. S. Wong, and N. R. Buenfeld. "Representative elementary volume (REV) of cementitious materials from three-dimensional pore structure analysis." Cement and Concrete Research 102 (December 2017): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.09.012.

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41

Müller, Christian, Siegfried Siegesmund, and Philipp Blum. "Evaluation of the representative elementary volume (REV) of a fractured geothermal sandstone reservoir." Environmental Earth Sciences 61, no. 8 (March 2, 2010): 1713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0485-7.

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42

Yun, Hyun-Seok, Seong-Woo Moon, Seong-Seung Kang, and Yong-Seok Seo. "Determination of representative elementary volume of fault core materials by particle distribution analysis." Geosciences Journal 22, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-017-0033-5.

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43

Verbisck, Janielly Taila dos Santos, and Marilena Bittar. "The Teaching Proposal of Probability in a Brazilian Elementary School Textbook Collection." Revista Internacional de Pesquisa em Educação Matemática 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37001/ripem.v10i3.2109.

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We present in this article the analysis of the probability teaching proposal ofa textbook collectionused in the initial years of Brazilian elementary school, approved by the National Program of Textbooks (PNLD) in 2016. This work is related to the study group of Didactics of the Mathematics (DDMat). As a theoretical and methodological contribution, we used the anthropological theory of didactic, developed by Yves Chevallard and collaborators, that allows us to model and analyze the choices regarding mathematics and didactics present in the teaching of probability in the collection adopted. By the production and analysis of data, we noticed that some notions regarding probability were proposed from the volume referring to the second year of elementary school, in activities about possibilities. The formalization of the probability concept was presented in the last volume of the collection with activities associated with the idea of fraction, ratio and percentage.

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44

Putra, Zetra Hainul, Neni Hermita, Jesi Alexander Alim, Dahnilsyah Dahnilsyah, and Riyan Hidayat. "GeoGebra Integration in Elementary Initial Teacher Training: The Case of 3-D Shapes." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 15, no. 19 (October 12, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i19.23773.

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<p class="0abstract">The integration of technology in learning is increasingly popular and inevitable, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. In mathematics education, Geogebra has been used as a pedagogical tool in learning mathematics from elementary to university. The present study aims to explore first-year prospective elementary teachers’ experience constructing 3-D shapes using GeoGebra. This study uses a case study method with 40 first-year prospective elementary teachers from an elementary initial teacher training from a public university in Riau, Indonesia. The participants worked in small groups and discussed some 3-D shapes through an online platform, and in the end, each participant reflected their attitudes towards the integration of GeoGebra in learning 3-D shapes. The findings show that prospective elementary teachers discussed six types of 3-D shapes; cube, rectangular prism, rectangular pyramid, cylinder, cone, and spheres. They prefer to discuss curved surfaces rather than flat surfaces of 3-D shapes. In addition, prospective elementary teachers have positive attitudes towards integrating GeoGebra in elementary initial teacher training. They believe that GeoGebra supports them to understand better the concepts of volume and surface area of 3-D shapes, facilitate students to understand the properties of a geometry object, and compare the object one made using hand drawing to using GeoGebra. Meanwhile, difficulty in using the tools to construct 3-D shapes in GeoGebra becomes a hinder to understand mathematics concepts and properties. The implication of this study is that there is a potential to integrate GeoGebra in mathematics learning in elementary teacher training.</p>

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Yuliyanto, Aan, Turmudi Turmudi, Ernawulan Syaodih, Arie Dharmawan, Cahya Karisma Pertiwi, Idat Muqodas, and Dadan Rusdiana Saputra. "MATHEMATICS CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS INSTRUMENT TO SOLVE CUBE AND RECTANGULAR PRISM VOLUME PROBLEMS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS." MaPan 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/mapan.2021v9n1a5.

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Mathematical creative thinking skills can help students solve mathematical problems with diverse, unique, and detailed solutions and strategies. This study aims to produce an instrument capable of obtaining information about students' mathematical creative thinking skills to solve the cube and rectangular prism volume problems for elementary school students. Research and development are applied in this research. The population of this research was sixth-grade elementary school students in Jakarta and West Java. The participants were 33 students in East Jakarta and 15 students in Purwakarta. The sample is based on purposive sampling. The instrument developed was an essay test question. The item validity test shows that the three items are considered accurate for measuring mathematical creative thinking skills correctly. The instrument is considered consistent for measuring mathematical creative thinking skills and can measure mathematical creative thinking skills on similar subjects at different times and places. The difficulty level of the three items is moderate, so that belonging is not too difficult or easy. The discrimination power of the questions is very good to discriminate the skills of students who are classified as high and low. Thus, the mathematical creative thinking skills instrument can be used to understand the mathematical creative thinking skills of sixth-grade and can also be used to measure the mathematical creative thinking skills of fifth-grade elementary school students on the same material for further research.

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46

Solovev, S. A., O. V. Soloveva, I. G. Akhmetova, Y. V. Vankov, and R. Z. Shakurova. "Numerical investigation of the thermal conductivity of a composite heat-insulating material with microgranules." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-1-86-98.

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THE PURPOSE. To consider the problems that arise when creating a composite heatinsulating material, including a layer of microspherical granules. Numerical modeling of a composite material with different volume content of microspheres and different options for the formation of voids. Determination of the influence of the presence of zones not occupied by microgranules on the insulating properties of the composite material. Determination of the influence of the volume content of microspherical granules on the heat flux through the composite material.METHODS. Numerical simulation was carried out by creating models of elementary cubic cells of a composite with a package of 27 microspheres in the ANSYS Fluent 19.2 software package. The evaluation of the insulating properties was carried out by measuring the thermal conductivity coefficient.RESULTS. The article investigates the influence of the presence of zones not occupied by microspherical granules on the thermal insulation properties of a composite material. Models of elementary cubic cells with different volume content of microgranules are constructed. Models of elementary cells are built with various options for the formation of voids, such as the removal of a vertical or horizontal row of granules and the compaction of granules vertically or horizontally.CONCLUSION. The removal of microgranules has a significant effect on the insulating properties of the composite. The lowest thermal conductivity coefficient was obtained for a simple cubic cell with a volume content of microgranules φ = 40%. The presence of voids in the material contributes to large heat losses, and in the case of a vertical through channel, the heat losses are greater than for a horizontal through channel. In the case of densification of spheres, heat losses in the zone not occupied by microgranules are compensated by a decrease in the heat flux in the area with densification of spheres.

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47

Pinsky, M. B., A. P. Khain, and M. Shapiro. "Collisions of Cloud Droplets in a Turbulent Flow. Part IV: Droplet Hydrodynamic Interaction." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 2462–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3952.1.

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Abstract The paper presents a computationally accurate and efficient method for calculation of cloud droplets’ collision efficiency in a turbulent flow with the properties typical of atmospheric clouds. According to Part III, the statistical properties of a turbulent flow are represented by a set of noncorrelated samples of turbulent velocity gradients and Lagrangian accelerations. Long series of these samples were generated for turbulent parameters typical of different atmospheric clouds. Each sample can be assigned to a certain point of the turbulent flow. Each such point can be surrounded by a small elementary volume with the linear length scale of the Kolmogorov length scale, in which the Lagrangian acceleration and the velocity gradient tensor can be considered uniform in space and invariable in time. For each sample (or an elementary volume), fluxes of droplets of one size onto droplets of another size are calculated both in the presence and absence of hydrodynamical droplet interaction (HDI). In each elementary volume, the collision efficiency is calculated as the ratio of these fluxes. Using a set of the collision efficiency and kernels, the probability distribution functions (PDFs) and the mean values of collision efficiency and collision kernels are calculated under different dissipation rates and Reynolds numbers. It is shown that turbulence significantly increases the collision efficiency, especially for droplets of close sizes and droplet pairs containing a few-microns-radius droplet. The results suggest that the main mechanism by means of which turbulence increases the rate of cloud droplets’ collisions is its influence on HDI.

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48

Galkiewicz, Jarosław. "Simulation of Crack Growth in a Cell Containing an Inclusion Using Cohesive Elements." Solid State Phenomena 250 (April 2016): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.250.16.

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In this study, two cases of crack growth initiation from a foreign particle in a representative elementary volume are analyzed. The task is completed with a cohesive model implemented in ABAQUS. The results are compared with those obtained for an inclusion-free cell.

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49

Mamaev, V. B. "Analysis of stress and strain state in the elementary volume at the example of the upseting process." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 2-2 (March 20, 2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68097.

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The paper contains general positions and the results of the analysis of the stress state in the elementary volume, as well as the impact of such technological parameters as a factor of frictional coefficient and value of the relative deformation on the results of the upset process.

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50

Suryani, Sri. "KEEFEKTIFAN DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTUAN ALAT PERAGA KUBUS SATUAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA." Joyful Learning Journal 10, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jlj.v10i1.40076.

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Matematika adalah ilmu abstrak yang membutuhkan benda konkret agar lebih mudah dipahami. Berdasarkan observasi ditemukan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SDN Gugus Pattimura Kebumen masih sangat rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan model discovery learning berbantuan alat peraga kubus satuan terhadap hasil belajar matematika materi volume bangun ruang siswa kelas V SDN Gugus Patimura Kebumen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian menggunakan quasi experimental dan bentuk nonequivalent control group. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SDN Gugus Patimura Kebumen. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster sampling, dimana siswa kelas V SDN Peneket sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas V SDN Sidorejo sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik tes dan non tes. Sedangkan teknik analisis data dengan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis yang meliputi uji z, uji t dan uji N-gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketuntasan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen mencapai 75% sedangkan kelas kontrol tidak, rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen lebih dari kelas kontrol dan N-gain kelas eksperimen (0,68) > kelas kontrol (0,53). Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah model discovery learning berbantuan alat peraga kubus satuan lebih efektif terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SDN Gugus Patimura Kebumen. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi volume bangun ruang kelas V SDN Gugus Pattimura Kebumen. Mathematics is an abstract science that requires concrete objects to be understood. The observation was found that learning outcomes mathematics of fifth grade students at Kebumen Pattimura cluster were very low. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the discovery learning model assisted by the unit cubes props on mathematics learning outcomes of solid figures volume in the fifth grade at Kebumen Pattimura Cluster Elementary School. The type of this research was experimental research with quasi-experimental design and nonequivalent control group form. The population in this study were all the fifth grade students at Kebumen Pattimura Cluster Elementary School. The sampling technique used cluster sampling, where the fifth grade students of Peneket Elementary School as the experimental class and the fifth grade students of Sidorejo Elementary School as the control class. The data collection techniques used test and non-test techniques. While the data analysis techniques used the normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing which includes z test, t test and N-gain test. The results showed that the experimental class learning outcomes achieved 75% of the passing grade while the control class did not. The average learning outcomes of the experimental class were more than the control class and N-gain of the experimental class (0.68) > control class (0.53). The conclusion of this research was that the discovery learning model assisted by the unit cube props was more effective than the direct instruction model assisted by picture media on mathematics learning outcomes in the fifth grade at Kebumen Pattimura Cluster Elementary School. This research is useful to improve mathematics learning outcomes of solid figures volume in the fifth grade students at Kebumen Pattimura Cluster Elementary School.

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