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1
Ji, Yukun, Jan A. I. Hennissen, Edward Hough, and Veerle Vandeginste. "Geochemical element mobilisation by interaction of Bowland shale with acidic fluids." Fuel 289 (April 2021): 119914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119914.
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Grunow, Julius J., Peter Nydahl, and Stefan J. Schaller. "Mobilisation auf Intensivstationen: Intensivpflegezimmer und Medizintechnik können helfen." AINS - Anästhesiologie · Intensivmedizin · Notfallmedizin · Schmerztherapie 57, no. 01 (January 2022): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1324-0627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zusammenfassung(Früh-)Mobilisation ist ein wichtiges Element auf der Intensivstation – es dient der Prävention und Therapie der durch eine kritische Erkrankung verursachten Einschränkungen der körperlichen Funktion. Aufgrund diverser Barrieren werden die aktuellen Leitlinien-Ziele aber nicht immer erreicht. In diesem Beitrag geht es um die Integration des Intensivpflegezimmers und moderner Medizintechnik in die Frühmobilisation zur Überwindung dieser Barrieren.
3
Argent, B. B., and D. Thompson. "Thermodynamic equilibrium study of trace element mobilisation under air blown gasification conditions." Fuel 81, no. 1 (January 2002): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00112-0.
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Thompson, D., and B. B. Argent. "Thermodynamic equilibrium study of trace element mobilisation under pulverised fuel combustion conditions." Fuel 81, no. 3 (February 2002): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00145-4.
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Perng, Wei, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Lu Tang, Brisa N. Sánchez, Alejandra Cantoral, John D. Meeker, Dana C. Dolinoy, et al. "Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) Project." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e030427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) Project is a mother–child pregnancy and birth cohort originally initiated in the mid-1990s to explore: (1) whether enhanced mobilisation of lead from maternal bone stores during pregnancy poses a risk to fetal and subsequent offspring neurodevelopment; and (2) whether maternal calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can suppress bone lead mobilisation and mitigate the adverse effects of lead exposure on offspring health and development. Through utilisation of carefully archived biospecimens to measure other prenatal exposures, banking of DNA and rigorous measurement of a diverse array of outcomes, ELEMENT has since evolved into a major resource for research on early life exposures and developmental outcomes.Participantsn=1643 mother–child pairs sequentially recruited (between 1994 and 2003) during pregnancy or at delivery from maternity hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico.Findings to dateMaternal bone (eg, patella, tibia) is an endogenous source for fetal lead exposure due to mobilisation of stored lead into circulation during pregnancy and lactation, leading to increased risk of miscarriage, low birth weight and smaller head circumference, and transfer of lead into breastmilk. Daily supplementation with 1200 mg of elemental calcium during pregnancy and lactation reduces lead resorption from maternal bone and thereby, levels of circulating lead. Beyond perinatal outcomes, early life exposure to lead is associated with neurocognitive deficits, behavioural disorders, higher blood pressure and lower weight in offspring during childhood. Some of these relationships were modified by dietary factors; genetic polymorphisms specific for iron, folate and lipid metabolism; and timing of exposure. Research has also expanded to include findings published on other toxicants such as those associated with personal care products and plastics (eg, phthalates, bisphenol A), other metals (eg, mercury, manganese, cadmium), pesticides (organophosphates) and fluoride; other biomarkers (eg, toxicant levels in plasma, hair and teeth); other outcomes (eg, sexual maturation, metabolic syndrome, dental caries); and identification of novel mechanisms via epigenetic and metabolomics profiling.Future plansAs the ELEMENT mothers and children age, we plan to (1) continue studying the long-term consequences of toxicant exposure during the perinatal period on adolescent and young adult outcomes as well as outcomes related to the original ELEMENT mothers, such as their metabolic and bone health during perimenopause; and (2) follow the third generation of participants (children of the children) to study intergenerational effects of in utero exposures.Trial registration numberNCT00558623.
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Bains, Kiran K., and Triece Turnbull Turnbull. "Attending the creative knowledge mobilisation workshop at DHP conference 2018: A review." Health Psychology Update 28, no. 1 (2019): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpu.2019.28.1.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Disseminating knowledge is an important element of practice in health psychology. This can help research to have positive impact in wider society. Digital technologies and social media create a plethora of available avenues for students to share research and practice, but it can be difficult to envisage how creative methods can be used to mobilise knowledge effectively with the public and stakeholders. A Creative Mobilisation workshop hosted at the DHP Conference for students aimed to address this topic.
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Peccin Da Silva, Anderson, Andrea Diambra, and Dimitris Karamitros. "Macro-element modelling of suction-embedded plate anchors for floating offshore structures." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 16009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199216009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents a new macro-element model to predict the behaviour of Suction Embedded Plate Anchors (SEPLAs) for floating offshore structures during keying and loading stages. Differently from previously published models for anchors, this new model is characterised by (i) a non-associated plastic potential with the aim of improving the prediction of anchor trajectory for the whole displacement domain and for a large range of padeye offsets; and (ii) by a strain-hardening rule enabling to predict the force and displacement mobilisation from the early stages of the keying process. The model was calibrated against LDFE analyses and compared with a broad set of LDFE and centrifuge tests results. The model proves capable of reproducing anchor rotation and displacement with good accuracy for a wide range of padeye offsets and distinct studies from the literature.
8
Oliva, M., C. Calia, M. Ferrara, P. D'Addabbo, M. Scrascia, G. Mulè, R. Monno, and C. Pazzani. "Antimicrobial resistance gene shuffling and a three-element mobilisation system in the monophasic Salmonella typhimurium strain ST1030." Plasmid 111 (September 2020): 102532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2020.102532.
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Sørensen, Bjørn Eske, and Rune B. Larsen. "Coupled trace element mobilisation and strain softening in quartz during retrograde fluid infiltration in dry granulite protoliths." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 157, no. 2 (July 23, 2008): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0326-9.
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Kirste, Dirk, Julie K. Pearce, Sue D. Golding, and Grant K. W. Dawson. "Trace element mobility during CO2 storage: application of reactive transport modelling." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199804007.
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The geologic storage of CO2 carries both physical and chemical risks to the environment. In order to reduce those risks, it is necessary to provide predictive capabilities for impacts so that strategies can be developed to monitor, identify and mitigate potential problems. One area of concern is related to water quality both in the reservoir and in overlying aquifers. In this study we report the critical steps required to develop chemically constrained reactive transport models (RTM) that can be used to address risk assessment associated with water quality. The data required to produce the RTM includes identifying the individual hydrostratigraphic units and defining the mineral and chemical composition to sufficient detail for the modelling. This includes detailed mineralogy, bulk chemical composition, reactive mineral phase chemical composition and the identification of the occurrence and mechanisms of mobilisation of any trace elements of interest. Once the required detail is achieved the next step involves conducting experiments to determine the evolution of water chemistry as reaction proceeds preferably under varying elevated CO2 fugacities with and without impurities. Geochemical modelling of the experiments is then used for characterising the reaction pathways of the different hydrostratigraphic units. The resultant geochemical model inputs can then be used to develop the chemical components of a reactive transport model.
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Cao, Xiaoyan, He Wang, Min Lu, Chengfeng Ge, Limin Zhou, and Guipeng Yang. "Evaluation study for phosphorus mobilisation-release behaviour on different marine sediments: focus on phosphate sorption characteristics." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 3 (2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18176.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental contextPhosphorus is a key nutrient element associated with eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. We studied phosphate sorption processes, which play a key role in phosphorus cycling, in sediments collected from 23 sites including estuary, coastal sea and aquaculture areas in China. The results show the influence of sediment type on phosphorus buffering capacity and allow better interpretation of phosphorus migration in aquatic ecosystems. AbstractPhosphorus is well known as an important nutrient element associated with eutrophication in the marine ecosystem, and its sorption on sediments plays a key role in its immobilisation in the bio-geochemical cycle. In this paper, the sorption behaviour of phosphorus onto sediments collected from 23 different sites in estuary, coastal sea and aquaculture areas of China was studied. The main aim is to determine the phosphorus sorption characteristics of these sediments thereby assessing their phosphorus buffering capacities. Both kinetic and equilibrium isotherms of the sorption and desorption of phosphorus were assessed. The resultant sorption and desorption kinetic curves fit well to a two-compartment first-order equation. The equilibration time was considered as 48h. The isotherms agreed well with the Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The hysteresis coefficient values showed an obvious sorption-desorption hysteresis. Decreasing salinity was favourable for the sorption ability in the range from 30 to 3. The mean values of the phosphorus sorption-desorption equilibrium concentration and the maximum phosphorus sorption capacity were 0.098mgL−1 and 0.086mgg−1 for sediments in the Changjiang Estuary and East China Sea shelf, and 0.138mgL−1 and 0.067mgg−1 for the sediments in the aquaculture area. The fractions of clay, calcite and organic matter influenced the sorption and retention abilities and the effects were different for sediments obtained from different origins.
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Phillips, Eleanor, Stephanie Archer, Jane Montague, and Anish Bali. "Experiences of enhanced recovery after surgery in general gynaecology patients: An interpretative phenomenological analysis." Health Psychology Open 6, no. 2 (July 2019): 205510291986063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102919860635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is little qualitative research exploring non-cancer gynaecology patients’ experiences of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols. Seven women participated in audio-recorded interviews, discussing their experiences of enhanced recovery after surgery for gynaecological surgery. Data were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three themes were identified: meeting informational needs, taking control of pain, and mobilising when feeling fragile. Control emerged as a key element throughout the themes and was supported by provision of factual information. While participants were generally satisfied with their experience, topics such as concerns about analgesic use, the informal role of staff in mobilisation, and the expressed desire for more experiential information for participants require further research.
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Barker, Shaun L. L., Jonathan P. Kim, Dave Craw, Russell D. Frew, and Keith A. Hunter. "Processes affecting the chemical composition of Blue Lake, an alluvial gold-mine pit lake in New Zealand." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 2 (2004): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03174.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Blue Lake is an abandoned, water-filled alluvial gold-mine pit in Central Otago, New Zealand. Alluvial gold mining is generally considered to be chemically benign, unless mercury is added to assist gold separation. The major element, trace metal and isotopic composition of the pit lake was compared to nearby, unaffected streams. Blue Lake was found to be enriched in the major cations, with levels that were 2–5 times higher than in unaffected streams. Furthermore, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations exceeded 10 nmol L–1 in Blue Lake; these levels were 2–30 times higher than those in nearby, unaffected streams. Processes affecting the lake’s characteristics include evaporative concentration, and the oxidation and dissolution of locally derived sulfide and sulfate minerals. Localised acidification in surface and ground waters around the lake leads to the mobilisation of Zn and Ni, resulting in lake waters being strongly enriched in these trace metals (concentrations greater than 40 nmol L–1), whereas surrounding stream waters have much lower Ni and Zn concentrations (less than 5 nmol L–1). Ongoing evaporative concentration, and the continuing mobilisation of trace metals, implies that metal enrichment in lake waters will continue to occur. The present study demonstrated that the ‘benign’ process of alluvial gold mining can have significant chemical consequences in resulting water bodies.
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Héry, Marina, Corinne Casiot, Eléonore Resongles, Zoe Gallice, Odile Bruneel, Angélique Desoeuvre, and Sophie Delpoux. "Release of arsenite, arsenate and methyl-arsenic species from streambed sediment affected by acid mine drainage: a microcosm study." Environmental Chemistry 11, no. 5 (2014): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental context Arsenic-rich waters generated from the oxidation of mining wastes are responsible for the severe contamination of river waters and sediments located downstream from mining sites. Under certain environmental conditions, the affected riverbed sediments may represent a reservoir for arsenic from which this toxic element may be released into water, mainly as a consequence of microbial activity. Abstract The (bio-)geochemical processes driving As mobilisation from streambed sediments affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) were investigated, and the structure of the bacterial community associated with the sediments was characterised. Microcosm experiments were set up to determine the effect of oxygen, temperature (4 and 20°C) and microbial activity on As mobilisation from contrasting sediments collected during high- (November 2011) and low- (March 2012) flow conditions in the Amous River, that received AMD. Distinct bacterial communities thrived in the two sediments, dominated by Rhodobacter spp., Polaromonas spp. and Sphingomonads. These communities included only few bacteria known for their capacity to interact directly with As, whereas biogeochemical processes appeared to control As cycling. Major As mobilisation occurred in the AsIII form at 20°C in anoxic conditions, from both November and March sediments, as the result of successive biotic reductive dissolution of Mn- and Fe-oxyhydroxides. The later process may be driven by Mn- and Fe-reducing bacteria such as Geobacter spp. and possibly occurred in combination with microbially mediated AsV reduction. The involvement of other bacteria in these redox processes is not excluded. Biomethylation occurred only with the sediments collected at low-flow during oxic and anoxic conditions, although no bacteria characterised so far for its ability to methylate As was identified. Finally, sorption equilibrium of AsV onto the sediment appeared to be the main process controlling AsV concentration in oxic conditions. Comparison with field data shows that the later process, besides biomethylation, may be of relevance to the As fate in AMD-affected streams.
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Courtney-Davies, Liam, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Nigel J. Cook, Max R. Verdugo-Ihl, Ashley Slattery, Sarah E. Gilbert, and Kathy Ehrig. "Metallic-Pb nanospheres in zircon from the Challenger Au deposit, South Australia: probing metamorphic and ore formation histories." Mineralogical Magazine 85, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 868–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAncient metamorphic processes are recorded by the formation of metallic-Pb nanospheres in zircon, a product of internal Pb mobilisation and thermally driven concentration. Here, metallic-Pb nanospheres formed within an ore deposit are characterised for the first time using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy element-distribution mapping. Exceptional examples from the migmatite-hosted Archean–Paleoproterozoic Challenger Au deposit (Central Gawler Craton, South Australia) support widespread metallic-Pb nanosphere formation in zircon from rocks experiencing granulite-facies metamorphism. We also report new trace-element associations found with metallic-Pb nanospheres and a new mode of occurrence, in which Sc ‘haloes’ form adjacent to metallic-Pb nanospheres within the crystalline zircon lattice. This differs to previously characterised examples of metallic-Pb nanospheres associated with amorphous Si-rich glasses and unidentified Al–Ti, or Fe-bearing phases. Multiple modes of metallic-Pb nanosphere occurrences and trace-element associations suggests multiple modes of formation, probably dependant on zircon composition and metamorphic conditions. Identification of metallic-Pb nanospheres in a growing range of geological settings further highlights the mobility of Pb in zircon and the importance of detailed, nanoscale mineral characterisation, in order to constrain accurate geochronological histories for rocks within high-temperature geological environments.
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Armstrong, Joseph G. T., John Parnell, and Adrian J. Boyce. "Carbon in Mineralised Plutons." Geosciences 12, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Paleoproterozoic schists of the Leverburgh Belt, South Harris and the Neoproterozoic carbonaceous metasediments of the Dalradian Supergroup were deposited during the two most significant periods of black shale deposition globally. Hosted within these metasedimentary rocks are graphite-bearing mineralised plutons, formed during orogenic events. The assimilation of carbonaceous lithologies during magmatic pluton emplacement is a commonly recognised mechanism in the formation of many metal and semi-metal-enriched deposits. Graphite mineralisation as a result of carbon assimilation is a feature often associated with these mineral deposits, though the source of the carbon and any associated metal deposits is not always understood. In this study, carbon and sulphur isotope analyses demonstrate that the crustal assimilation of the Paleoproterozoic host rocks took place during magmatic emplacement and provided the source of carbon and sulphur during mineralisation of the plutons. Minor enrichments of trace elements are present in the South Harris plutonic lithologies, indicating that mobilisation and enrichment occurred during assimilation of the schists. Petrographic and elemental analysis of a Dalradian-hosted Ordovician pluton indicates a similar but more substantial enrichment of these trace elements during crustal assimilation. The timing and depth of assimilation appear to play key roles in the extent of graphite and associated trace element enrichments.
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WEBER, HEIKE. "Towards ‘Total’ Recycling: Women, Waste and Food Waste Recovery in Germany, 1914–1939." Contemporary European History 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 371–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn two critical periods of German history, namely during wartime Imperial Germany and the National Socialist era, the German state resorted to salvaging waste to mobilise both people and resources at home for the war effort. Waste recycling efforts were part of preparing the national economy as well as home front morale for ‘total’ war. Since domestic waste – the generation of which was largely an urban phenomenon before the advent of mass consumer society – has traditionally been defined as a female responsibility, urban women were seen as the main pillars of waste work. Collecting, separating and storing reusable leftovers became a pervasive element of their everyday lives, as well as those of schoolchildren. Moreover, in the case of the First World War, under the umbrella of the so-called National Women's Service (Nationaler Frauendienst or NFD), women's associations set up grass-roots local waste collections before the state discovered the potential of waste for its war mobilisation efforts from 1916 onwards. The article highlights this self-mobilisation in the case of food recycling. Furthermore, it explores the continuities and differences between First World War waste salvage and later Nazi waste policies. Claiming to have learnt their lessons from the salvage drives of the First World War, the Nazis aimed at a ‘total’ waste recovery at the latest from 1936 onwards and took a top-down approach to reach it; in contrast, waste salvage drives of the First World War had been dominated by local and often female initiatives.
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Turner, Michael J. "Ireland and Irishness in the political thought of Bronterre O'Brien." Irish Historical Studies 39, no. 153 (May 2014): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400003618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chartism, though weak in Ireland, was the most significant popular political mobilisation in nineteenth-century Britain. Among its main architects was the Irish-born radical journalist and orator, Bronterre O'Brien. This article will describe and explain a key element in O’Brien’s politics. Dubbed ‘the schoolmaster of Chartism’ because of his contribution to the movement's intellectual foundations, O'Brien was one of the few Chartist leaders who had celebrity status, though he broke with other leaders and with the mainstream movement in the early 1840s. His influence waned thereafter and his reputation among historians of Chartism is mixed, but his thoughts about Irish issues circulated widely for a time and they offer suggestive revelations about Ireland's importance to radicals of the Chartist era, about wider debates concerning Irish society and its problems, and about contemporary concepts of Irishness.
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Stępień, Piotr, Krzysztof Gediga, and Zofia Spiak. "Phosphorus-Induced Adaptation Mechanisms of Rye Grown on Post-Flotation Copper Tailings." Biology 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080818.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although a considerable effort has been made over the last decades to develop cost-effective phytotechnologies as an alternative to conventional techniques for the management of contaminated lands, successful revegetation of the tailings still represents a major challenge. Here, we evaluate the potential of rye (Secale cereale L.) for growth and survival on the tailings after copper (Cu) ore processing. Four rye varieties were cultivated in a pot experiment on the post-flotation sediment with increasing phosphorus (P) doses (22, 44, 66, 88, and 110 mg·kg−1). The resistance of the studied rye genotypes to stress was assessed by observing the growth and development of plants, determining the dry mass accumulation, the Cu and P uptake and content, and a number of physiological parameters related mainly to P mobilisation. Exposure of tested rye varieties to high Cu concentrations in the tailings did not result in any significant plant mortality, with the intracellular Cu concentrations being below the critical toxic level. In contrast, the low availability of P due to alkaline properties of the tailings and the mechanisms involved in the mobilisation of sparingly soluble forms of this element (i.e., H+-ATPase-driven proton efflux in roots and organic acid exudation), were identified as main factor determining the level of tolerance. The efficiency of the photosynthetic activity was a key determinant for the P-mobilising capacity of rye. We further showed that rye varieties with more primitive genetic background might be potentially more suitable for growth on the post-flotation copper tailings. The results provide important and novel knowledge that will certainly support future works in developing strategies for successful revitalisation of degraded lands.
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Bianchini, Gianluca, Valentina Brombin, Chiara Marchina, Claudio Natali, Tewodros Rango Godebo, Alessandro Rasini, and Gian Marco Salani. "Origin of Fluoride and Arsenic in the Main Ethiopian Rift Waters." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) area, rural populations often use water that exceeds the World Health Organization thresholds for fluoride (F–) and arsenic (As), two elements that are hazardous for human health. In this study, twenty-nine water samples were collected from lakes and hot and cold springs in southern MER to investigate source(s) and health-risk of the F– and As contamination. According to major ion and trace element analyses, only cold spring water is safe for consumption, whereas hot spring water is the most contaminated. Leaching tests performed with the MER rhyolitic volcanic rocks and their weathered products (fluvio-lacustrine sediments) demonstrate that the main cause of the F– and As release is geogenic, i.e., not related to anthropogenic activities. The weathering of volcanic glass and minerals (apatites, clays, hydro-oxides) by CO2-bearing alkaline water induces the mobilisation of F– and As from solid to liquid phase. This process is particularly fast, when fluvio-lacustrine sediments are involved, and can be further enhanced by hot groundwater leaching. This study, investigating the distribution, sources, and mechanisms of F– and As release in MER water, could be of interest also for other sectors of the East African Rift and other similar volcano-tectonic settings.
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Rossi, Adanella. "From Co-Learning to Shared Commitment to Agroecology. Some Insights from Initiatives Aimed at Reintroducing Agrobiodiversity." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 7766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187766.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agroecology represents a holistic approach in the transition to food system sustainability, integrating different dimensions, including knowledge creation, practices redefinition and social mobilisation. This study aims to explore the processes underlying the implementation of the agroecological approach and its transformative potential, focusing on the learning processes that lead to the development of new, shared systems of knowledge, values and beliefs, and to the growth of reflexivity and agency. It aims at deepening the understanding of these processes by analysing the reintroduction of agrobiodiversity in crop/food systems, considering this as a founding element of the agroecological model. Three initiatives located in Italy are investigated to that end. The study analyses role, mechanisms and potential of co-learning processes that develop within the multi-actor networks involved, uncovering enabling and hindering factors. It focuses on the role, reciprocal articulation and cumulative effects of three elements: actors involved and ways of interacting, types of knowledge mobilised and facilitation actions carried out. The findings highlight that the factors ensuring effectiveness of mutual learning, such as modes of actor interaction and, particularly, facilitation, are crucial. At the same time, the mechanisms that intervene seem increasingly complex, showing the need for deeper research and adequate forms of support.
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Orlando, Giovanni. "Storia di un mercato biologico a Palermo: tra ambientalismo di base e clientelismo." PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no. 2 (July 2012): 106–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2012-002005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Narrating the story of an organic farmers' market, this article explores ideals and practices of sustainable urban food through an example of consumer activism in Palermo. It reflects critically on the understandings of ‘sustainability' held by the actors involved, showing the difficulties of operationalising the concept for socio-cultural research. It also highlights the potential of grass-roots activism among consumers and farmers. This potential runs counter to an enduring image of southern Italy as a place where civil society initiatives are wanting. By analysing the market's history until its demise due to difficulties with the centre-right-wing municipality, the article shows how it is the political element, rather than the cultural one, that often constrains grass-roots activism in Sicily. These problems of power and political representation question whether consumer mobilization can become a tool for environmental transformation in locales where institutions are not already favourably disposed to the values of such mobilisation.
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Shah, Zahir, and Qazi Masood Ahmed. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: an Empirical Investigation." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 4II (December 1, 2003): 697–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.697-714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The changing modes of international transactions and the cross-border mobilisation of factor resources, in pursuance of transnational production, constitute new dimensions for sustained economic growth. Foreign Direct Investment (an influential element of this process) is defined as the source of acquisition of managerial control by a business enterprise of a foreign country over a business activity in a host country [Graham (1982)]. The changing perceptions and more attractive policies of the host developing nations have changed the destinations of FDI flows from industrially developed countries to high growth developing centres. FDI stock held by developing countries has risen from $ 132.95 billion in 1980 to $ 1438.48 billion in 1999. Their share in inward stock has reached to 30.14 percent in 1999 as against 26.2 percent in 1980. FDI inflows during this period were raised from $ 4.42 billion to $ 208.0 billion, at an annual growth rate of 22.5 percent while GDP growth rate for that period was 3.9 percent.
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Sage, Colin. "The transition movement and food sovereignty: From local resilience to global engagement in food system transformation." Journal of Consumer Culture 14, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 254–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540514526281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emergence of grassroots social movements variously preoccupied with a range of external threats, such as diminishing supplies of fossil energy or climate change, has led to increased interest in the production of local food. Drawing upon the notion of cognitive praxis, this article utilises transition as a trajectory guided by an overarching cosmology that brings together a broad social movement seeking a more resilient future. This ‘grand narrative’ is reinforced by ‘transition movement intellectuals’ who serve to shape an agenda of local preparedness in the face of uncertainty, rather than structural analysis of the global system. In this context, growing and producing food offers important multi-functional synergies by reconnecting people to place and its ecological endowments and serves to provide a vital element in civic mobilisation. Yet, local food could also become a means to build international solidarity in defence of food sovereignty and establish a global coalition opposed to the corporate agri-food agenda of biotechnologies, land grabbing and nutritional impoverishment.
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Charvátová, Denisa, and Ondřej Filipec. "The Populist Construct of Migration: Framing within SPD's Communication Strategy ahead of the 2019 European Elections." Politické vedy 25, no. 4 (January 10, 2023): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/politickevedy.2022.25.4.43-68.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Populism represents one of the major trends in contemporary politics across all European democracies. A key element in the success of populist parties is their communication strategy, with social networks that have become an ideal platform for populist political communication. Concerns about the success of populist groups marked also the recent European Parliamentary elections in May 2019. This also applies to the Czech Republic, where populist rhetoric is mainly represented by the Freedom and Direct Democracy party (SPD). The main objective of the article is to reveal how SPD is framing migration in the political communication on Facebook during the period of three months before the elections to the European Parliament. It mainly focuses on its content and form regarding the posts' visual elements and technical parameters. As migration was the main topic of populist political communication, special attention is paid to the communication regarding this phenomenon, incl. an analysis of selected frames and manipulation techniques in the SPD political communication. The result shows, that migration played the most important role but was communicated selectively and manipulatively. Only the negative effects of migration were emphasised, it was framed in connection with other negative phenomena (especially rape, crime, and terrorism) and illustrated by pictures of aggressive Muslims, emotions of fear, anger, and hatred were evoked among the supporters, which further contributed to the radicalisation and sustainability of the mobilisation of the electorate.
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Czepiżak, Dariusz. "Innovative Look at the ‘General Method’ of Assessing Buckling Resistance of Steel Structures." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 43, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2021-0022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Stability checking is an essential element of the dimensioning of steel frame structures. One of the stability checking methods allowed by EN 1993-1-1 is the so-called general method of assessing structural stability, based on buckling curves and relative structure slenderness λ ¯ op {\bar \lambda _{op}} usually determined through numerical analyses. But this method is not widely used because of the limited computing capabilities of the engineering programs dedicated to static load analyses and difficulties in interpreting the results of the computations. The commonly used computer programs enable one to determine the shape of buckling and critical load amplifier αcr , from which one cannot directly determine the risk of buckling of a real structure. This paper presents a modified and innovative approach to the general method of assessing structural stability, which uses only three parameters, that is, the type of cross section, cross-section strength utilisation and αcr , to determine a member’s/structure’s bearing capacity mobilisation from the stability condition. The problem solution is presented in the form of simple formulas and legible diagrams. Finally, synthetic conclusions are formulated.
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Doughty, Paul. "Raise the Wage LA: Campaigning for Living Wages in Los Angeles and an Emergent Working-Class Repertoire." Journal of Working-Class Studies 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v5i1.6249.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a relatively short period in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and the Occupy movement, minimum wage campaigns rapidly gained momentum across the United States. In particular a purposeful working-class mobilisation of the Los Angeles labour movement in coalition with worker centres and community organisations, and set against the backdrop of the national Fight for $15, deployed a range of tactics and exercised political leverage from 2014-2016 to be successful in securing an increase in the minimum wage to $15 in the U.S.’s second most populous city, in its most populous state. Based on interviews conducted in Los Angeles in December 2016 this article describes L.A.’s Raise the Wage campaign in a framework of mobilisation theory (Kelly 1998; Tilly 1978). It is argued that the elements of mobilisation theory are present and that the mobilisations in L.A. of the kind studied represent an expansion of working-class repertoire.
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Altunbas, Adlen, Behzad Soltanbeigi, and Ozer Cinicioglu. "DEM analysis of passive failure state behind a rigid retaining wall: effect of boundary conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 14012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199214012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) is a virtual testing method that enables multiscale studies on granular materials. DEM provides a well-controlled testing environment, which enables precise systematic evaluation of the factors influencing the bulk response. The current study focuses on the behaviour of cohesionless backfills while a passive state of stress is simulated (i.e. rigid retaining wall translates toward backfill). Though particle-scale properties (e.g. size, shape and cohesion) play an important role on the macro response, the main objective in this study is to highlight the extent by which boundary conditions are important. Thus, identical dense packings are subject to the following boundary conditions: smooth/rough retaining wall and smooth/rough/periodic sidewalls (necessary for maintaining plain-strain conditions). Based on the DEM results, the failure surface geometries, wall pressure distribution and dilative response of the specimens are evaluated. It is seen that a curvilinear slip surface, similar to that observed in experiments, is only obtained once a rough retaining wall and periodic sidewalls are available. The overall observations suggest that the mobilisation of the passive state of stress, for a cohesionless granular assembly, is highly sensitive to the considered various boundary conditions.
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Fazinić, Stjepko, Georgios Provatas, Iva Božičević Mihalić, Tonči Tadić, Marek Rubel, Justyna Grzonka, Per Petersson, Anna Widdowson, Sunwoo Moon, and Elzbieta Fortuna-Zaleśna. "Dust Monitors in JET with ITER-like Wall for Diagnosis of Mobilized Particles and Co-Deposited Layers." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238353.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Silicon plates were installed above the inner and outer divertor of the JET with the ITER-like wall (ILW) after the second and third ILW campaigns to monitor dust generation and deposition with the aim to determine the morphology and content of individual particles and co-deposits, including deuterium content. Particular interest was in metal-based particles: Be, W, steel, Cu. Ex-situ examination after two ILW campaigns was performed by a set of microscopy and ion beam methods including micro-beam nuclear reaction analysis and particle-induced X-ray emission. Different categories of Be-rich particles were found: co-deposits peeled-off from plasma-facing components (PFC), complex multi-element spherical objects, and solid metal splashes and regular spherical droplets. The fuel content on the two latter categories was at the level of 1 × 1016 at/cm−2 indicating that Be melting and splashing occurred in the very last phase of the second experimental campaign. The splashes adhere firmly to the substrate thus not posing risk of Be dust mobilisation. No tungsten droplets were detected. The only W-containing particles were fragments of tungsten coatings from the divertor tiles.
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Wiggering, Hubert. "Mobilisation and fractionation of rare earth elements during simulated Archean weathering." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1993, no. 2 (March 23, 1993): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1993/1993/111.
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Smith, Andrew. "Environmental monitoring programs: recognising the importance of conservation values." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Gorgon Project will develop the Gorgon and Jansz-Io gas fields, located in the Greater Gorgon area, about 130 km off the northwest coast of WA. It includes the construction of a 15 million tonne per annum (mtpa) LNG plant on Barrow Island and a domestic gas plant with the capacity to provide 300 terajoules per day to supply gas to WA. Barrow Island—where Gorgon will be located—is an internationally significant nature reserve and the site of Australia’s largest onshore operating oil field for the past 45 years. As a world-class example of environmental management, it has shown that conservation and development can successfully co-exist. Recognising the importance of Barrow Island’s conservation values, the terrestrial and subterranean environmental monitoring program encompasses key ecological elements on Barrow Island including birds, mammals, subterranean fauna, vegetation, and surface water and land forms. These elements are monitored in relation to the potential impact from environmental stressors identified during pre-construction environmental impact assessments. Here, the author describes the monitoring surveys conducted during the year as appropriate according to the element being considered. All surveys are executed using the Gorgon Project field mobilisation and deployment process, a stringent and dedicated system that ensures all essential health and safety processes are in place and adhered to. Each element is monitored for signs of positive or negative impact across Barrow Island with comparisons made between the pre-determined Terrestrial Disturbance Footprint (TDF) and areas outside of the TDF in which the Gorgon Project is committed to causing zero environmental harm. Statistical control charts and tiered response triggers based on standard deviations are used to inform management decisions about potential environmental effects attributable to the Gorgon Project. A continuous review process is in place to ensure all monitoring programs are scientifically robust and use up-to-date methodologies. Monitoring reports are used to assess the validity of each program and supplementary programs aimed at addressing gaps in existing knowledge are started as and when needed. A reporting framework is in place to ensure regulatory authorities are informed and collaborations are sought to advance overall understanding of the ecology and biology of Barrow Island fauna and flora. The Gorgon Project is operated by an Australian subsidiary of Chevron and is a joint venture of the Australian subsidiaries of Chevron (about 47%), ExxonMobil (25%), Shell (25%), Osaka Gas (1.25%), Tokyo Gas (1%) and Chubu Electric Power (0.417%).
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Hlatshwayo, Mondli. "The Public Transport Crisis in South Africa: Through the Eyes of the Four Revolutions." Thinker 92, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1458.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Debates on the Fourth Industrial Revolution have tended not to focus on the direct relationship between all four technological revolutions and transportation – a crucial element of all technological surges. At the same time, scholarship on transportation has generally ignored the significance of transportation in all the revolutions. This article therefore seeks to strike a balance between these two extremes by showing that all the technological revolutions were also about transportation. In other words, the debates on the technological advances provide scholars, researchers, engineers, and working-class organisations with the space to foreground transport as an issue requiring special attention, especially in South Africa where the public transport system faces many challenges. Critically applying the prism of the four industrial revolutions, the article demonstrates that South Africa lags behind from a transport perspective, and still relies on the transportation of the Second Industrial Revolution when other countries are utilising technologies ofthe Fourth Industrial Revolution. Compounding matters is that even transport technologies invented in the 1800s are being stolen and vandalised, and the maintenance of the system is extremely poor. The article then submits that these transport problems may be solved by mobilisation and advocacy led by working-class and poor communities negatively affected by the crisis.
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Xiong, Yongliang. "The aqueous geochemistry of thallium: speciation and solubility of thallium in low temperature systems." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 5 (2009): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental context. The aqueous geochemistry of thallium is not well known in comparison with cadmium and lead, although it is more highly toxic, and at the same time has a wide range of industrial applications. A database allowing us to reliably predict the speciation and solubility of thallium in various environments in low temperature systems would be invaluable in providing some understanding of thallium’s mobilisation and mitigation. We propose here such a thermodynamic database based on critical reviews. Abstract. Thallium is a highly toxic element, and at the same time it has a wide range of applications in industry. Therefore, it is important to know its speciation and solubility under low temperature conditions. This study expands the thermodynamic database of the first paper of this series on the aqueous geochemistry of thallium by providing the formation constants of some important thallium complexes, including TlEDTA3–, TlOx– (Ox: oxalate), TlSuc– (Suc: succinate), TlMal– (Mal: malonate) and TlHPO4–. This study also recommends the solubility product constant of TlCl(s) as 10–3.65. The combined database allows us to model reliably the speciation and solubility of thallium in the Earth surface environments. As an example, the speciation and solubility of thallium in soil solutions are presented based on thermodynamic calculations.
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Vien, Benjamin Steven, Wing Kong Chiu, Matthias Russ, and Mark Fitzgerald. "A Quantitative Approach for the Bone-implant Osseointegration Assessment Based on Ultrasonic Elastic Guided Waves." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quantitative and reliable monitoring of osseointegration will help further evaluate the integrity of the orthopaedic construct to promote novel prosthesis design and allow early mobilisation. Quantitative assessment of the degree or the lack of osseointegration is important for the clinical management with the introduction of prosthetic implants to amputees. Acousto-ultrasonic wave propagation has been used in structural health monitoring as well as human health monitoring but so far has not extended to osseointegrated implants or prostheses. This paper presents an ultrasonic guided wave approach to assess the osseointegration of a novel implant. This study explores the potential of integrating structural health monitoring concepts into a new osseointegrated implant. The aim is to demonstrate the extension of acousto-ultrasonic techniques, which have been widely reported for the structural health monitoring of engineering structures, to assess the state of osseointegration of a bone and implant. To illustrate this potential, this paper will report on the experimental findings which investigated the unification of an aluminium implant and bone-like geometry surrogate. The core of the test specimen is filled with silicone and wrapped with plasticine to simulate the highly damped cancellous bone and soft tissue, respectively. To simulate the osseointegration process, a 2-h adhesive epoxy is used to bond the surrogate implant and a bone-like structure. A series of piezoelectric elements are bonded onto the surrogate implant to serve as actuators and sensors. The actuating piezoelectric element on an extramedullary strut is excited with a 1 MHz pulse signal. The reception of the ultrasonic wave by the sensing elements located on the adjacent and furthest struts is used to assess the integration of this implant to the parent bone structure. The study shows an Osseointegration Index can be formulated by using engineering and acousto-ultrasonic methods to measure the unification of a bone and implant. This also highlights a potential quantitative evaluation technique regardless of bone-implant geometry and soft tissue damping.
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Arfai, Jashar, Fabian Jähne, Rüdiger Lutz, Dieter Franke, Christoph Gaedicke, and Jonas Kley. "Late Palaeozoic to Early Cenozoic geological evolution of the northwestern German North Sea (Entenschnabel): New results and insights." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 93, no. 4 (August 19, 2014): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2014.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe results of a detailed seismic mapping campaign of 13 horizons in the northwestern German North Sea, covering Late Permian to Palaeogene sedimentary successions, are presented. Based on the interpretation of four 3D and two 2D seismic surveys, thickness and depth maps of prominent stratigraphic units were constructed. These maps provide an overview of key structural elements, the sedimentation and erosion, and give insights into the evolution of the German Central Graben. The base of the Zechstein Group reaches a maximum depth of 7800 m within the German Central Graben. Lateral thickness variations in the Zechstein reflect the extensive mobilisation of Zechstein salt. Complex rift-related structures, with the Central Graben as the main structural element, were found not later than the Early Triassic. Up to 3000-m thick Triassic sediments are preserved in the eastern German Central Graben of which 1800 m consist of Keuper sediments. The Lower Buntsandstein unit shows increasing thicknesses towards the southeastern study area, likely related to distinct lateral subsidence. As a consequence of uplift of the North Sea Dome, Middle Jurassic sediments were eroded in large parts of the northwestern German North Sea and are only preserved in the German Central Graben. The NNW–SSE oriented John Basin is another important structural element, which shows maximum subsidence during the Late Jurassic. In most parts of the study area Lower Cretaceous sediments are absent due to either erosion or non-deposition. Lower Cretaceous deposits are preserved in the Outer Rough Basin in the northwest and within the German Central Graben. Upper Cretaceous sediments are found at depths between 1500 and 3600 m, reaching a maximum thickness of approximately 1600 m on the Schillgrund High. Contraction and inversion of pre-existing Mesozoic faults during the Late Cretaceous is distinct at the Schillgrund Fault, i.e. the eastern border fault of the Central Graben. The Palaeogene is predominantly a period of strong basin subsidence. Within 37 Myrs, up to 1400 m of Palaeogene sediments were deposited in the northwesternmost part of the study area. Detailed mapping of salt structures enables a reconstruction of halokinetic movements over time and a deciphering of the influence of the Zechstein salt on the sedimentary evolution during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Increasing sediment thicknesses in rim-synclines indicate that most of the salt structures in the German Central Graben had their main growth phase during the Late Jurassic.
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Prussi, Matteo, Calliope Panoutsou, and David Chiaramonti. "Assessment of the Feedstock Availability for Covering EU Alternative Fuels Demand." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern economies rely on the efficiency of their transportation sector; however, the environmental impact of the sector remains a growing concern. Among the various proposed solutions, the production and deployment of alternative fuels is a major option. However, concerns exist that the actual availability of sustainable feedstock might lower the current level of ambition. This paper addresses this issue by reviewing recent studies and policy targets, to match forecasts for expected demand and feedstock availability for road, aviation, and maritime sectors in the EU in 2030. The existing literature is fragmented and based on a variety of different approaches, and a consistent assessment of the potential overall demand for transport is still missing. In spite of the challenges posed by the numerous uncertainties, this research provides an estimate of potential European demand for alternative fuels that ranges between 20 and 33 Mtoe. We aimed to answer the question about the availability of sustainable feedstock to cover this potential demand. The analysis confirmed, even under very conservative assumptions, that feedstock may not be the major barrier today. Other issues, such as the feedstock costs, the price volatilities, the existing logistical infrastructures, etc., are relevant aspects contributing to the puzzle. Whilst feedstock is present across European regions, a critical element which requires detailed analysis at the implementation value chain level is the effectiveness of its sustainable mobilisation alongside the synergies and trade-offs that may arise.
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Zoysa, A. K. N., P. Loganathan, and M. J. Hedley. "Effect of forms of nitrogen supply on mobilisation of phosphorus from a phosphate rock and acidification in the rhizosphere of tea." Soil Research 36, no. 3 (1998): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nitrogen (N) is the main fertiliser input to tea plantations because of the large removal of this element with regular harvests of young shoots in the field. The form of N supply is known to influence the uptake of other plant nutrients, notably phosphorus (P), through its effect on soil pH in the rhizosphere. A glasshouse study was conducted to test the effect of N form (NH +4, NO-3 , or both) on the transformation of soil P in the rhizosphere and its availability to tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants fertilised with sparingly soluble Eppawala phosphate rock (EPR). Four-month-old tea (TRI 2025) plants were grown in rhizosphere study containers containing an Ultisol from Sri Lanka (pH 4 ·5 in water) amended with EPR and KCl at 200 g P or K/g soil, and mixed with (NH4)2SO4 (100% NH+4 -N), NH4NO3 (50% NH+4 -N and 50% NO-3 -N), and Ca(NO3)2 (100% NO-3 -N) at the rate of 200 g N/g soil, with a control (no N fertiliser), as treatments. Rhizosphere pH decreased compared with the bulk soil when N was supplied as NH+4 or NH+4 +NO-3 forms, and increased when N was supplied as NO-3. The cation{anion balance estimations in the plants showed that the plants had taken up more NO-3 than NH+4 even in (NH4)2SO4 treated soil, suggesting high nitrification rates, especially in the rhizosphere, in spite of using a nitrification inhibitor. More EPR dissolved in the rhizosphere compared with that in the bulk soil, regardless of the N form applied. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment had the highest dissolution rate of EPR in the rhizosphere, whereas Ca(NO3)2 treatment had the lowest, reflecting the degree of acidification in the rhizosphere. Resin-P and NaOH-Pi (inorganic P) concentrations were lower and NaOH-Po (organic P) concentration was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Plant and possible microbial uptake of P is the main reason for the decrease in resin-P and NaOH-Pi. The increase in NaOH-Po concentration in the rhizosphere is believed to be due to transformation of Pi to Po by the high microbial activity in the rhizosphere. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment caused the highest depletion of resin-P but lowest depletion of NaOH-Pi, probably due to the fixation of P by the soils at the low pH in the rhizosphere. The study revealed that the use of the NH+4 form of fertiliser can increase acidification in tea rhizosphere compared with bulk soil and this can enhance the effectiveness of PR fertiliser utilisation by tea plants.
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Taylor, M. D., and N. D. Kim. "Dealumination as a mechanism for increased acid recoverable aluminium in Waikato mineral soils." Soil Research 47, no. 8 (2009): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper assesses a potentially interesting soil process, dealumination, as the mechanism for the increase observed in strong acid recoverable Al and associated elements in farmed soils compared with background soils in the Waikato Region of New Zealand. Waikato Regional Council has been measuring an established set of 7 soil quality chemical and physical parameters and concentrations of 33 elements as part of a Regional Soil Quality Monitoring program since 2003. Statistical comparison of farmed to background soils, relative surface enrichments, and inter-element correlations enable us to infer likely and potential sources of those elements which show some form of enrichment. Acid-recoverable Al is 1.5 times higher (P < 0.0001) in the Waikato region’s farmed soils than its background soils. This increase is not readily explained as an external source of recoverable Al (due to lack of enrichment at the soil surface). However, it could be explained as an increase in the concentration of acid-recoverable Al as a result of accelerated weathering or chemical attack of primary crystalline and short-range order aluminosilicates. In keeping with this interpretation, acid recoverable concentrations of several trace elements that are normally retained inside aluminosilicates (in residual phases) are also significantly higher in farmed than background soils but are not selectively enriched at the soil surface. These include (with enrichment-to-background factors) Li (2.5), La (2.1), Mn (1.5), and Ag, Bi, Mo, Sn, and Tl (1.4). Also, this process may contribute one-quarter of the observed increase in acid-recoverable U. If it is occurring, accelerated Al weathering may be a normal part of an increase in soil productivity, or may be facilitated by an external agent capable of attacking crystalline aluminosilicates. A candidate in the latter category is the F (and/or possibly free HF) in phosphate fertilisers, because this substantially increases Al species in soil porewater. Two specific mechanisms that could favour Al mobilisation from clay surfaces include partial dissolution by local areas of high acidity associated with fertiliser granules, and surface complexation and extraction by the fluoride and residual hydrofluoric acid present in phosphate fertilisers. Based on the high reactivity between F and both Al and Si, potential exists for significant production of SiF4(g) as another side-effect of phosphate fertiliser use.
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Healey, P. "Building Institutional Capacity through Collaborative Approaches to Urban Planning." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 9 (September 1998): 1531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a301531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Improving the qualities of places is attracting increasing policy and academic interest in contemporary Europe. This raises questions about the appropriate governance capacity to deliver such improvements. I argue that a key element of such capacity lies in the quality of local policy cultures. Some are well integrated, well connected, and well informed, and can mobilise readily to act to capture opportunities and enhance local conditions. Others are fragmented, lack the connections to sources of power and knowledge, and the mobilisation capacity, to organise to make a difference. In recent years, the emphasis in attempts to change urban governance capacity, particularly in Britain, has been on encouraging catalytic projects and partnerships. Recent experience across Europe suggests that wider transformative effects are difficult to achieve without careful consideration of the partnership form and how it connects to the wider policy culture. They may also have the effect of increasing the fragmentation of local capacity. I examine the potential of collaborative approaches in place-making initiatives in achieving more effective and durable transformations. Collaborative approaches emphasise the importance of building new policy discourses about the qualities of places, developing collaboration among stakeholders in policy development as well as delivery, widening stakeholder involvement beyond traditional power elites, recognising different forms of local knowledge, and building rich social networks as a resource of institutional capital through which new initiatives can be taken rapidly and legitimately. They shift the task of urban planning from ‘building places’ to fostering the institutional capacity in territorial political communities for ongoing ‘place-making’ activities.
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Gómez, E., S. Carrocera, S. Uzbekova, D. Martín, A. Murillo, M. Alonso-Guervós, F. Goyache, and M. Muñoz. "Protein in culture and endogenous lipid interact with embryonic stages in vitro to alter calf birthweight after embryo vitrification and warming." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 10 (2017): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Short-term protein removal in vitro improves long-term blastocyst competence to survive vitrification. We investigated the mechanisms and effects underlying protein removal. Day-6 morulae and early blastocysts were cultured individually with and without protein for 24 h. Development and lipid content were analysed in expanded blastocysts derived from morulae (M-XB) and from early blastocysts (EB-XB). Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, stress responses and apoptosis was analysed in fresh and vitrified–warmed M-XB produced with and without protein. Pregnancy rates, birth rates and birthweight (BW) were recorded after transfer of embryos. Day-7 EB-XB production rates (with, 66.9 ± 6.2 and without, 68.8 ± 6.0 protein) were higher than M-XB rates (with, 21.4 ± 4.6 and without, 9.4 ± 4.6 protein; P < 0.005). EB-XB showed fewer lipids than M-XB (P = 0.03). In fresh M-XB, expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1) was lower with (4.1 ± 2.2) than without (13.6 ± 2.2) protein, contrary to results obtained for Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2, Hormone-sensitive lipase and Bcl-2–associated X protein (P < 0.05). Protein did not affect pregnancy rates and birth phenotypes (P > 0.05). However, BW was higher (P < 0.01) in calves born from vitrified M-XB (48.6 ± 3.4 kg) than from EB-XB (39.8 ± 2.9 kg). Such effects were more pronounced in females (P < 0.001). Calves from fresh embryos did not show BW differences. These results indicate that embryonic kinetics and vitrification impact birth phenotypes, at least in females. Alterations might involve exogenous protein and mobilisation of lipid stocks.
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Onyango, Dorothy A., Fredrickson Entila, Mathew M. Dida, Abdelbagi M. Ismail, and Khady N. Drame. "Mechanistic understanding of iron toxicity tolerance in contrasting rice varieties from Africa: 1. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 1 (2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Iron (Fe) is a fundamental element involved in various plant metabolic processes. However, when Fe uptake is excessive, it becomes toxic to the plant and disrupts cellular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying tolerance to Fe toxicity in contrasting rice varieties adapted to African environments. Four varieties (CK801 and Suakoko 8 (tolerant), Supa and IR64 (sensitive)) selected from our previous work were analysed in more detail, and the first part of this study reports morphological, physiological and biochemical responses induced by Fe toxicity in these four varieties. Morphological (shoot length, root length, number of lateral roots), physiological (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, fluorescence, relative water content and cell membrane stability) and biochemical (tissue Fe, chlorophyll pigments, soluble sugars, protein and starch) traits were measured, as appropriate, on both shoot and root tissues and at different time points during the stress period. Fe toxicity significantly (P≤0.05) reduced growth and metabolism of all the four varieties. Tolerant varieties showed more lateral roots than the sensitive ones, under Fe toxic conditions as well as higher photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content and cell membrane stability. Strong dilution of Fe concentration in cells was identified, as one of the additional tolerance mechanisms used by CK801, whereas Suakoko 8 mainly used strong mobilisation of carbohydrates at the early stage of the stress period to anticipate metabolite shortage. Traits associated with Fe toxicity tolerance in this study could be specifically targeted in trait-based breeding programs of superior lowland rice varieties tolerant of Fe toxicity.
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Sulaiman, Fazrul Razman, Peter Brimblecombe, and Carlota M. Grossi. "Mobilisation of trace elements on roofing tiles." Indoor and Built Environment 25, no. 2 (August 27, 2014): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x14549266.
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Glennie, Simon, Tom Leeson, Ian Rowson, and Bevan Morrison. "Rigless well intervention and trees on wire from a DPII vessel: a case study." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Vincent field development is typical subsea development with 11 subsea wells required to be tied back to a central production facility. In 350–400 m of water all subsea operations would be diver-less and the well costs associated with using a semi-submersible rig would be a major element of the total field cost. Sequencing construction vessel and drill rig activities, and aligning this sequence with availability of suitable vessels is often a major challenge on such projects. This was accentuated on this development by the shortage of suitable vessels. In addition to this, multiple mobilisations—potentially incorporating lengthy, expensive transits from Singapore—drove a desire to minimise the use of specialist vessels. The challenges in reducing well costs by using rigless operations are both technical and commercial. Technically, the operations and proposed equipment must be matched to the capabilities and functionality of the vessel. Commercially, sufficient work needs to be identified to justify the one-off costs of preparing and mobilising the vessel and equipment, preparing the operations program, and training and familiarising the personnel. In this instance, the operator identified sufficient work to make the vessel mobilisation and equipment preparation worthwhile while not committing to a long-term deployment. Recognising the multi-role capability of the vessel permitted additional work on nearby assets. These removed the need to mobilise additional vessels to the field and improved vessel’s economy in well intervention mode. Other factors that ensured value was gained from the rigless approach included: the rig schedule being de-coupled from product delivery; the drilling program with limited drilling assets was accelerated, protecting first oil; and, the need to re-configure or modify a rig for Xmas tree (XT) handling was removed. Initial preparations for the planned operations began in the latter part of 2006. The main activities were to: confirm the specification of the subsea lubricator system and its deployment system; undertake a detailed hazard and risk assessment process on all operations; undertake an operability study for crane and deployment system; complete the modifications to the vessel for its intervention role; and, prepare detailed well programs and procedures for equipment operation. The design and fabrication of project-specific interface equipment between the subsea lubricator and the subsea Xmas trees, and specification of the required well services equipment such as wireline, pumping and fluid handling services were also required. As this represented the first time such operations had been undertaken in the region by the contractor or by the operator, a large number of supporting systems were required to be developed, adopted and managed, most notably: well control and barrier philosophies; emergency shutdown and disconnection (ESD) philosophy; project management processes; and, personnel training and familiarisation programs.
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Veselý, T., P. Tlustoš, and J. Száková. "Organic salts enhanced soil risk elements leaching and bioaccumulation in Pistia stratiotes." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 4 (April 21, 2011): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/411/2010-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well known that organic chelates have a positive influence on micronutrients mobilisation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of organic acid salts to enhance mobility of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil with subsequent bioaccumulation in water plant (P. stratiotes). Column flushing and pot rhizofiltration experiment were conducted. Statistical analyses ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test were used for results analysis. Results revealed statistically different efficiency of four tested organic acid salts (P < 0.05). Ammonium citrate was the most effective for release of all three risk elements. Cd, Pb, and Zn were mobilised by 45%, 321%, and 116% more than under 0.11 mol/L acetic acid (exchangeable form), respectively. Ammonium oxalate and acetate proved lower efficiency (P < 0.05). Young plants showed higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) than old ones in leaves as well in roots. Old plants proved lower residual metal concentration in solution. Mobilisation efficiency and metals accumulation in biomass were the highest under citrate and tartrate treatments.
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Pinheiro, T., L. C. Alves, M. J. Palhano, and A. Bugalho de Almeida. "Mobilisation of toxic elements in the human respiratory system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 181, no. 1-4 (July 2001): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(01)00479-7.
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Pit, Iris R., Stefan C. Dekker, Tobias J. Kanters, Martin J. Wassen, and Jasper Griffioen. "Mobilisation of toxic trace elements under various beach nourishments." Environmental Pollution 231 (December 2017): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.064.
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Young, Ed. "Rhetoric, Division and Constraint: Elements in Local Social Mobilisation." Sociological Review 36, no. 2 (May 1988): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1988.tb00839.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper is a speculative discussion of the relative saliency of communal rhetoric in instances of local social mobilisation. Despite several recent studies of local collective action, there remains considerable uncertainty as to when – and why – values exphasising local distinctiveness and superiority find assertion amongst groups at the community level. By detailing the activities of residents associations and organised amenity groups in one setting, I suggest that the saliency of communal imagery is closely associated with constraints facing local leaders in mobilising and sustaining their support. Where leadership interests are well established, yet must base their legitimacy in appeal to pluralistic sources of local support, the celebration of communal identity is pronounced and pervades local collective action. The declaration of communal unity then, marks the existence of elites for whom such sentiments are advantageous. This point suggests a re-examination of Coleman's earlier analysis of community conflict as revealing distinctive organisational dynamics, rapid issue elaboration and vilification between protagonist interests. I argue that these processes themselves reflect deeper patterns in local social organisation; the exigencies of local leader – follower relationships.
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Fonseca, Rita, Catarina Pinho, Teresa Albuquerque, and Joana Araújo. "Environmental Factors and Metal Mobilisation in Alluvial Sediments—Minas Gerais, Brazil." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In areas contaminated by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), knowledge of processes of metal mobilisation is the basis for the choice of appropriate remediation methodologies. The mobilisation of metals is a function of several factors, and the response to these factors must be well known during the planning of remediation strategies. The activity of an ore metallurgical plant in South-East Brazil resulted in major contamination by several heavy metals. Reversing the contamination’s negative impact required geochemical assessment of the area, including the physicochemical characterisation, quantification, and delimitation of PTEs, and the rating of the solubilisation/mobilisation capacity of these elements. The definition of spatial patterns for PTEs’ distribution allowed the construction of contamination risk maps which work as a tool for the mitigation and control of the contamination plume. The chemical analysis of interstitial water and selective and sequential extraction methodologies showed that elements that occur in the environment in critical concentrations (Zn, Cd, Pb, As) are mostly associated with easily mobilised forms (soluble, exchangeable cations, associated with Mn oxides). Given the great mobility of the contamination plume, any process of removal of contaminated material becomes unfeasible, thus the strategy of remediation for the stream and associated alluvial deposits must be based on methods of in situ decontamination.
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Wagner, Sebastian, and Hubert Miller. "Mobilisation of Elements during Shearing Movements between Rocks of Different Composition." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 144, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/144/1993/129.
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Rochelle, Christopher, Andrew Kilpatrick, Máté Osvald, János Szanyi, Tamás Medgyes, and Balázs Kóbor. "Laboratory leaching tests to investigate mobilisation of metals within engineered geothermal reservoirs." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 08018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199808018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Combining geothermal energy utilization with the extraction of metals in a single interlinked process offers a way to improve the economics of engineered geothermal systems. Here we describe laboratory experiments used to assess the effectiveness of a range of leaching fluids by quantifying metal release from various mineralised rocks. The main findings of this study include: enhanced mobilisation of metals typically found in sulphide minerals (Pb, Zn, Cu), lesser mobilisation of some critical elements (such as Co, Sr and W), and the efficacy of organic additives in mobilising metals.