Дисертації з теми "Électrophorétique"
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Da, Silva Alexandre. "Modulation de l'émissivité infrarouge par effet électrophorétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1290.
Повний текст джерелаInfrared emissivity modulation is one of the key solutions for controlling apparent temperature, benefiting both thermal camouflage and housing thermoregulation. This modulation between high and low emissivity states can be achieved using electrophoretic displays, if they operate in specific configurations according to a given IR source and environment. Zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with various metals are used in these displays to produce infrared emissivity modulation, because of localized surface plasmon resonance. The use of microwaves and the optimization of the purification method led to a drastic reduction in synthesis time, as well as an improvement in the reproducibility of nanoparticle production. Depending on the dopant used, nanoparticles exhibit specific infrared absorbance in the two main detection ranges of infrared cameras (3-5 and 8-13 µm). The nanoparticles with aluminum, gallium and indium as dopants are then formulated into electrophoretic inks for use in similar displays. Compared with pure solvent, inks formulated at 30 mg/mL with these nanoparticles showed apparent temperature variations of around 15°C in the 3 to 5 µm range, and approximately 8°C in the 8 to 13 µm range. In an electrophoretic display equipped with asymmetrical interdigitated electrodes subjected to an electric field, the use of aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles enabled to tune the emissivity and apparent temperature of the display by more than 4°C during repeated cycles in the 8 to 13 µm range. Further experiments confirmed the transferability of the first display architecture to a flexible one with a face-to-face architecture. Consisting of a highly opened nickel grid on the front and a continuous PET-ITO counter-electrode on the back, this new architecture showed more restricted infrared switching performances, opening new optimization perspectives. Nonetheless, the use of a flexible substrate and the improved assembly made possible by such the new architecture allowed to increase the lifespan of the displays from a few weeks, to at least a year. This architecture has also enabled a significant weight reduction, dividing the total mass of the display by four
Delorme, Arnaud. "Le couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectromètre de masse à source plasma en tant qu'instrument de spéciation des actinides à l'état de traces." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112213.
Повний текст джерелаAn interface between the separation technique (capillary electrophoresis) and the analytical technique (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer) was developed. In that sense, bibliographic and parametric studies allowed to define necessary conditions for the good working of both techniques. The results obtained led to the realisation of an interface capillary electrophoresis - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (CE/ICP-MS). This one was experimentally validated on classical separations (alkalines /earth-alkalines and lanthanides) and the detection limit of the analytical system was determined equal to 4x10^(-11) mol. L^(-1) for plutonium. This result exhibits a gain in detection limit of a factor higher than 10^4 compared to the capillary electrophoresis in standard detection (UV). The studies were made in order to check the capacity of the CE /ICP-MS coupling as a speciation instrument for actinides at trace level and to define the associated analytical procedures. The coupling turned out to be a suited instrument for the determination of absolute electrophoretic mobilities at infinite dilution (physico-chemical property which allows to predict the migration time of an ion under an electrical field in a given electrolyte), for the determination of thermodynamic constants and for the separation of different actinide oxidation states in solution
Ekani, Nkodo Axel. "Transport électrophorétique de l'ADN en solution de polymères neutres." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13123.
Повний текст джерелаIbrahim, Amal. "Caractérisation de petits ions, de (bio)macromolécules et de nanoparticules par les méthodes électrophorétiques : charge effective et dépendance de la mobilité électrophorétique en force ionique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20062/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis was to study and develop electrophoretic methods for effective charge determination of small ions, (bio)macromolecules and nanoparticles. Effective charge is a physical parameter that controls the electrostatic interactions and allows for the determination of condensed counter-ion fraction in the case of polyelectrolytes. In a first part, different models of electrophoretic mobility (Nernst-Einstein, O'Brien-White-Ohshima, Yoon-Kim) have been compared for effective charge determination from experimental values of electrophoretic mobility and hydrodynamic radius. Three other experimental methods based on the sensitivity of UV detection in indirect mode and in conductivity detection, or on the length of the isotachophoretic zones, were studied. These methods were applied to effective charge determination of dendrigraft poly-L-lysines and on drug delivery polymeric systems. A study of the ionic strength dependence of the electrophoretic mobility leads us to propose a graphical representation, called the slope-plot, allowing for the distinction between solutes according to their nature (small ions, polyelectrolytes, nanopaticles). The slop-plot can also be used for the optimization of electrophoretic separations according to the ionic strength
Serment, Béatrice. "Synthèse et modification de pigments inorganiques pour affichage électrophorétique en couleurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0453.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the hybrid particles synthesis, using inorganic pigment for the coloured electrophoretic inks formulation. To comply with this type of application, pigments must have a sub-micrometer size, a low density and a high refractive index in order to exalt the diffusion phenomena. Blue and cyan spinel structure pigments CoAl2O4 and NiAl2O4 have been synthesized by Pechini process. In both these oxides, steric and electronic effects allowed stabilizing pure phases with enhanced colouring effects. In the case of CoAl2O4, we have to avoid the occurrence of Co3+ (LS) whereas for NiAl2O4, excess of Al3+ is necessary to get pure phases with nanosized crystallites. Then, magenta and yellow olivine structure pigments have been developed with the exploration of the solid solution LiCoxNi1-xPO4. In these compounds, the study of the electronic transitions combined with Ni2+ and Co2+ chromophores ions structure and environment in [6] site leads to comparable crystal field and so an almost similar nephelauxetic effect for both ions. Finally, the investigation of the valence state and the environment of chromium in rutile type structure Sn1-xCrxO2 allowed the synthesis of purple pigments. In a second part, the pigment surface has been modified with n-trimethoxysilane chains to improve the pigment dispersion in apolar media. Then, modified pigments have been polymerised in Isopar-G by nitroxyde mediated radical polymerisation with methyl methacrylate to decrease the hybrids density and to obtain stable inks. The impact of the experimental conditions has been studied on each pigments in order to formulate coloured and charged inks without any charge control agent. A two-colour electrophoretic device (blue/white) has been finally tested
Tanguay, Philippe. "Transformation génétique et détermination du caryotype électrophorétique du champignon phytopathogène Nectria galligena." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44968.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDidier, Florian. "Dépôt électrophorétique de nanotubes de carbone pour la conception de matériaux solaires sélectifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0023.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective is to realize some photo-solar absorbers by electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles, having some tuneable optical properties. This study takes place in the field of the development of a macroscopic object through a 'bottom-up' approach. The understanding of the mechanism of the deposition is crucial to design these new materials. The nanostructure of the coatings with density gradient will be elaborated by pulsed and variable electric field, and characterized by scanning microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray and alongside a modelling of the electrophoretic phenomenons (such as the electric field drop) will be investigated. The conversion efficiency of the tandem material, which has to display a high absoptance in the solar spectrum domain (0.5-2.5 µm) whereas a low emittance in the far infra-red (2.5-20 µm), will be calculated from the reflectance spectra of the UV-vis-NIR and the Fourier transform InfraRed spectroscopy in order to link the electrophoretic parameters to the spectral selectivity
Galier, Sylvain. "Conception et étude d'un procédé de séparation électrophorétique utilisant une membrane poreuse comme contacteur." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30141.
Повний текст джерелаBeauvieux, Marie-Christine. "Le point sur les lipoprotéines modifiées : recherche sur leur mobilité électrophorétique : application au diabète sucré." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P077.
Повний текст джерелаXu, Run Juan. "Séparation des protéines par électrophorèse capillaire : effet des tensioactifs sur le comportement électrophorétique des protéines." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120064.
Повний текст джерелаFerey, Ludivine. "Mise au point d'un microsystème électrophorétique pour l'analyse des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les huiles alimentaires." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01057098.
Повний текст джерелаZerifi, Abdelrazak. "Méthode électrophorétique pour l'identification des espèces d'origine dans les produits carnés soumis à un traitement thermique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT037A.
Повний текст джерелаEstévez-Torres, André. "Un microlaboratoire électrophorétique pour l'étudedu couplage entre transport et cinétique chimique :application à la réaction d'hybridation d'oligonucléotides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153416.
Повний текст джерелаavec la réaction chimique. Il est constitué d'une chambre d'analyse dans laquelle on peut
appliquer des champs électriques en deux dimensions pour obtenir des profils de concentration
stationnaires ou non-stationnaires. La simplicité spatiale du flux électrophorétique
utilisé permet d'appliquer systématiquement une analyse dans l'espace de Fourier. Ce traitement
fournit le coefficient de diffusion d'un analyte pur ainsi que la constante thermodynamique
et les constantes cinétiques d'un mélange réactif. Dans le but de développer des
techniques de séparation resposant sur la cinétique, nous avons étudié la réaction d'hybridation
entre deux brins d'ADN et constitué une banque d'oligonucléotides avec des
constantes cinétiques variées. Ces études nous ont mené à developper, en collaboration
avec le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, une sonde oligonucléotidique fluorescente à
motif quadruplex permettant une discrimination cinétique lorsqu'elle s'hybride avec une
séquence parfaitement complémentaire ou mésappariée.
Simone, Antonia. "Caractérisation microstructurale et électrique de couches céramiques obtenues par le dépôt électrophorétique (EPD) : Application à la zircone cubique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813386.
Повний текст джерелаAider, Mohammed. "Étude de la mobilité électrophorétique des oligomères de chitosane et leur fractionnement par électrodialyse avec membrane d'ultrafiltration (EDUF)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24741/24741.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this project was to study the electrophoretic mobility of chitosan oligomers and to apply the results to separate them in an electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) system. The first sub-objective was to study the electrophoretic mobilities of D-glucosamine and chitosan oligomers (dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer and hexamer) under various conditions of pH, salts and added ionic strengths. pH values from 3 to 9 and ionic strength of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M of NaCl and KCl were studied. The same measurements were carried out in deionised water as a medium without any added ionic strength. Chitosan oligomer electrophoretic mobility decreased by increasing pH and ionic strength. The highest values were recorded in water followed by those in NaCl or KCl with an ionic strength of 0.01 M. The lowest values were recorded at an ionic strength of 0.05 and 0.1 M. The dimer was the most mobile oligomer followed by the monomer. No difference was observed between the mobilities of the oligomers with degree of polymerisation (DP) of 3 and more. The second sub-objective consisted to study the electrophoretic mobility of chitosan oligomer mixture composed by dimers, trimers and tetramers at different concentrations. pH values from 2 up to 12, added ionic strength of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M of NaCl were studied. Electrophoretic mobility was also carried out in water as medium with zero added ionic strength. At a concentration of 3%, the chitosan oligomer mixture showed the highest electrophoretic mobility at pH 2 and 3 with an average value of 2.009 ± 0.105 x 10-6 m2/V.s. At pH 4, 5 and 6, the electrophoretic mobility was stable with an average value of 1.225 ± 0.051 x 10-6 m2/V.s. By increasing the pH, electrophoretic mobility decreased because of the deprotonation phenomenon of the amine group. By decreasing the concentration, the electrophoretic mobility decreased. Following these fundamental studies, the separation by an electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) system of a chitosan oligomer mixture was studied. The third sub-objective was to study the effect of ultrafiltration membrane molecular weight cut-offs on chitosan oligomers electromigration rates and kinetics. Five cellulose ester ultrafiltration membranes of 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 and 20000 Da MWCO were used. The membrane molecular weight cut-off had a significant effect on the electromigration rate of each chitosan oligomer, as well as on the possibility of their separation. The dimer showed the highest electromigration rates with average values which varied from 5.71 ± 0.95% up to 14.45 ± 1.43% with 1000 and 20000 Da MWCO UF-membranes, respectively. The effect of the processing time and the oligomers chain length was interpreted. Following this objective, an UF-membrane of 10000 Da MWCO was selected for the future objectives. The fourth sub-objective was to study the effect of the pH on the electromigration rate of the studied oligomers and their kinetics. pH 4 and solution flow velocity of 0.5 cm/s (300 mL/min) were used. pH had a significant effect on the electromigration rate of the oligomers and the possibility of their separation. After 4h of treatment, the dimer showed the highest electromigration rates with mean values of 11.50 ± 4.33, 10.61 ± 0.21, 8.30 ± 0.34 and 5.52 ± 0.38% at pH values of 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Trimer electromigration rates were lower than that of the dimer. Between pH 4 and 7, it migrated with mean values of 8.52 ± 1.45 and 0.83 ± 0.43%, respectively. The effect of the processing time, electrophoretic mobility and oligomers chain length were interpreted. It was possible to obtain a fraction composed by the dimer and trimer at pH 4 and 5 until 2 and 3h, respectively. At pH 6, the tetramer did not migrate during the 4h of treatment. At pH 7, it was possible to obtain dimer pure fraction until 2h of treatment. No electromigration was observed at pH 8 and 9. In the fifth sub-objective, the effect of the applied external electric field (2.5, 5 and 10 V/cm, corresponding to an applied volatage of 5, 10 and 20 V, respectively) to the electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) system and solution flow velocity (2.77, 8.33 and 13.88 cm/s corresponding to flow rates of 100, 300 and 500 mL/min, respectively) on the electromigration rate and kinetics of the oligomers were studied. The solution flow velocity did not show any effect on the electromigration rate of the oligomers whereas the applied electric field strength had a significant effect on both electromigration rate and separation of the studied oligomers. At 2.5 V/cm, it was possible to obtain a solution composed only by the dimer and trimer until 2 h of treatment. Using and electric field strength of 2.5 V/cm, the dimer migrated with an average rate of 10.20 ± 3.04% and the trimer with an average value of 8.52 ± 1.66%. By increasing the electric field strength up to 5 and 10 V/cm (voltage of 10 and 20 V, respectively), there was no separation of the studied chitosan oligomers.
Estévez, Torres André. "Un microlaboratoire électrophorétique pour l'étude du couplage entre transport et cinétique chimique : application à la réaction d'hybridation d'oligonucléotides." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153416v2.
Повний текст джерелаDjaoudi, Amirouche. "Séparation de solutions peptidiques modèles par électrodialyse avec membranes d'ultrafiltration." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10164/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes (EDUF) is an innovative and performant separation technique, particularly used for the selective bioactive peptide fractionation from enzymatic hydrolysates. However, considering the solution mixture complexity used, the peptide separation mechanisms in EDUF process remain unclear. The purpose of this thesis was to study a peptides models mixture separation in order to identify the peptides separation mechanisms in EDUF process. Both anionic and cationic synthetic peptides were selected. First, the anionic and cationic peptides were characterized in terms of electrophoretic mobility. For both peptides, electrophoretic mobility was measured in order to define the optimal conditions for their migration. Furthermore, peptide electrodialytic separation results have showed, under the operating conditions used, the important role played by water dissociation on anionic peptide and membrane fouling on cationic peptide electromigration. KCl addition was performed in order to increase the system conductivity and to slow down water splitting, which led to a restore of the anionic peptide initial flux. In contrast, the water dissociation did not affect the cationic peptide electromigration. An important cation exchange membrane fouling caused by the cationic peptide explain this phenomena. The study also confirms that the peptide transfer in EDUF is mainly governed by electromigration
Brémond, Philippe. "Contribution à la biologie des populations de Schistosomes : polymorphisme enzymatique de S.Mansoni en Guadeloupe : caractérisation électrophorétique (I.E.F.) d'hybrides expérimentaux." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20101.
Повний текст джерелаHarb, Frédéric. "Etude d'un système biomimétique simple : diffusion brownienne et mobilité électrophorétique d'une protéine membranaire modèle insérée dans une bicouche lipidique supportée." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790343.
Повний текст джерелаMirbel, Déborah. "Synthèse et formulation d'encres électrophorétiques pour le papier électronique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0375/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, the synthesis and the electrophoretic behavior of hybrid particlesdispersed in apolar media, in the presence of a new charge control agent, the tridodecylamine,have been investigated for electronic paper applications. In order to control and to understandinteractions present in the system, the tridodecyamine was studied in the apolar medium. It hasbeen observed that this surfactant, solubilized in a non-polar medium, has a critical micelleconcentration of approximately 250mM and creates charges in the medium. Then, the synthesisby polymerisation in dispersion or by using a sol-gel process gave rise to the creation ofinorganic, polymeric or raspberry type hybrid particles, stable in non-polar media. Theirelectrophoretic behavior in the presence of tridodecylamine was elucidated. Acid-baseinteractions between hydroxyl groups from inorganic material surfaces and surfactant led to thecreation of negatively charged hybrid particles. These particles were integrated into anelectrophoretic ink and tested into an innovative electrophoretic device where theelectrophoresis is monitored via a ferroelectric polymer
Thomas, Laurence. "L'incompatibilité sexuelle et végétative chez le Basidiomycète Coprinus comatus : étude génétique. Caractérisation électrophorétique des groupes d'incompatibilité et application à l'amélioration génétique." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR22021.
Повний текст джерелаThierry, Dominique. "La diversité du peuplement de Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) dans la moyenne vallée de la Loire : approches morphologique, génétique et électrophorétique." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3019.
Повний текст джерелаCharbonnier, Antoine. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'encres électrophorétiques pour la réalisation de papier électronique couleur." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14660/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe effective sharing of information is a key parameter in our actual society. Electronic paper based on the controlled motion of electrophoretic particles appears thus promising since it combines the advantages of the usual paper (flexibility, reflective display) and the capacity to refresh information on the same support like the more common LCD or OLED technologies. Electrophoretic inks are composed of coloured charged particles which migrate under an electrical field between two electrodes. Depending of the position of the particles on the front plane, the colour on the screen can be tuned. The design of electrophoretic particles based on pigment or dyed polymer and their integration in electronic devices were successfully achieved during the last decade but are still limited to a two colour-electrophoretic system. Up to date the majority of these particles were synthesized in aqueous media and the electrophoretic mobility was achieved by a ionic stabilizer or by a polyelectrolyte surfactant. Moreover the final electrophoretic particles incorporated in the electronic devices have to be dispersed in an organic media (paraffin oil) in order to achieve the desired stability of the display and thus leads to a large variety of problems during the phase exchange process.In this work our goals were to rationalize and improve the ink synthesis as well as to design electrophoretic inks with the full colour panel in order to realize the next generation of electrophoretic displays. We performed the particle synthesis by using an organic dispersion technique in aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents leading to chargeable electrophoretic particles with a good size control over a large range (from 75nm to 20µm) and a good stability. In order to obtain the full color panel, the encapsulation of several inorganic pigments was achieved by using the same technique and the electrophoretic behaviour of the resulting inks was characterized in a cell specially designed for electrophoretic measurements in organic media
Sita, Dit Misere Raphaël. "Le virus de la Tristeza des Agrumes : caractérisation électrophorétique des RNA bicatenaires isolés des plantes infectées et préparation de sondes de cDNA." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR22027.
Повний текст джерелаHarb, Frédéric. "Etude d' un système biomimétique simple : diffusion brownienne et mobilité électrophorétique d' une protéine membranaire modèle insérée dans une bicouche lipidique supportée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4073/document.
Повний текст джерелаAfter the genome, the new challenge is the proteome. We have progressed toward electrophoretic separation of membrane proteins in a medium that they love, a supported lipid bilayer. The main parameter, measured by FRAPP, was the diffusion coefficient of different objects (lipids, proteins). Studying bilayer behaviour has showed that, on particular supports and in a given temperature range, ripple phase can exist, despite the proximity of the support. Adding salt decreases coulombic interactions which turns to increase the diffusion coefficient over several orders of magnitude, reaching the value for a free-standing bilayer in the fluid phase, meanwhile the main characteristic steps of the global gel/fluid transition are still observed. Estimation of the value of the interaction energy has been made and compared to results of a preliminary DSC study. α-Hémolysin self-inserts spontaneously as an heptameric pore in supported bilayers and diffuses freely. Incubating in a gel/fluid mixture leads to protein complex formation. Diffusion varies with size as 1/R2, R being the equivalent radius of the inserted part of the object. Applying an electric field results in an electrophoretic motion where direction and magnitude are modulated by the charge of the object. Electrophoretic mobility varies also as 1/R2. Size dependence, magnitude of mobilities and a simple building protocol allow to hope carrying out soon a real electrophoretic separation of a protein mixture
Caubert, Florent. "Etude de l'imprégnation électrophorétique, en milieu aqueux, de nanoparticules de boehmite, en vue du colmatage d'un film anodique poreux sur alliage d'aluminium 1050." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30394/document.
Повний текст джерелаAluminum parts are widely used in the aeronautical field because of their good mechanical properties. But they require a surface treatment to improve their resistance to corrosion. Subject to new standards on the use of chemicals and awareness of environmental and human protection, the aeronautical industry must now replace current surface treatment processes, which have become obsolete because they include CMR compounds. The aim of this research is to develop a surface treatment, both innovative and REACH compliant, to improve the anticorrosion properties of aluminum alloys; the process here studied, is composed of a porous anodization and a sealing by impregnation of particles within the pores. A "model" porous anodic film was first prepared and characterized: its thickness is 10 µm, while the pores are straight and have a mean diameter of 120 nm. Then, we studied the aqueous synthesis of boehmite nanoparticles; the optimization of the synthesis parameters finally allowed to obtain a particle size smaller than the pore diameter. Two incorporation techniques were then tested: dip-coating and electrophoresis. The understanding of the involved mechanisms and of the influence of different operating parameters, allowed a control of the processes and the effective insertion of particles. In particular, microstructural characterizations showed that the particle insertion is easier using pulsed voltage electrophoresis. Finally, a hydrothermal post-treatment after the impregnation, allowed to obtain a complete sealing of the anodic film pores, and to significantly increase the anticorrosion properties
Martelat, Benoît. "Développement d'une méthode électrophorétique de séparation de l'uranium, du plutonium et des lanthanides et couplage avec un ICPMS-MC pour l'acquisition de rapports isotopiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066447/document.
Повний текст джерелаPrecise isotopic and elemental characterization of nuclear spent fuel is a major concern for the validation of the neutronic calculation codes and waste management in the nuclear industry. The conventional protocol for the analysis of nuclear fuel samples uses several purification steps by liquid chromatography. Uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) and a fraction containing fission products and minor actinides are separated using ion exchange chromatography prior to the isotopic characterization of the U and Pu fractions by multi-collector mass spectrometry techniques. The objective of the work presented is to develop a new analytical approach based on miniaturized separation techniques like capillary and microfluidic electrophoresis coupled with a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) detection for online isotopic ratio measurements. An electrophoretic separation method of U, Pu and fission products with a stacking step was developed using thorium (Th) as a chemical analog for Pu(IV). The separation electrolyte is composed of acetic acid (0.25M) as complexing agent for the separation and 0.1M of ammonium salt to realize the stacking step. The instrumentation was adapted to be used in glove box and directly coupled to a MC-ICPMS. The separation of Am, Pu and U was realized with few nL of a spent nuclear fuel solution. The reproducibilities obtained on the isotope ratios were in the order of few ‰ and comparable with those obtained with the conventional analytical protocol. This new protocol will help to reduce the quantities analyzed from µg to ng, the liquid waste volume scale from mL to µL and the sample volumes form µL to nL
Heinrich, Eric. "Utilisation d'une méthode électrophorétique en gel de polyacrylamide afin de mettre en évidence le passage trans-membranaire des endotoxines bactériennes au cours de l'hémodialyse." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR10203.
Повний текст джерелаDelatour-Hanss, Evelyne. "Etude et réalisation d'un dispositif de microélectrophorese utilisant un nouveau vélocimètre optique à réseau de transmission : application à l'étude de la mobilité électrophorétique des globules rouges humains." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA132006.
Повний текст джерелаGirod, Gilliane. "Adsorption de Polyacrylamides neutres et hydrolysés sur trois minéraux : Analyse de l'influence de la nature et de la densité des sites surfaciques." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2058.
Повний текст джерелаDjaoudi, Amirouche. "Séparation de solutions peptidiques modèles par électrodialyse avec membranes d'ultrafiltration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10164.
Повний текст джерелаElectrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes (EDUF) is an innovative and performant separation technique, particularly used for the selective bioactive peptide fractionation from enzymatic hydrolysates. However, considering the solution mixture complexity used, the peptide separation mechanisms in EDUF process remain unclear. The purpose of this thesis was to study a peptides models mixture separation in order to identify the peptides separation mechanisms in EDUF process. Both anionic and cationic synthetic peptides were selected. First, the anionic and cationic peptides were characterized in terms of electrophoretic mobility. For both peptides, electrophoretic mobility was measured in order to define the optimal conditions for their migration. Furthermore, peptide electrodialytic separation results have showed, under the operating conditions used, the important role played by water dissociation on anionic peptide and membrane fouling on cationic peptide electromigration. KCl addition was performed in order to increase the system conductivity and to slow down water splitting, which led to a restore of the anionic peptide initial flux. In contrast, the water dissociation did not affect the cationic peptide electromigration. An important cation exchange membrane fouling caused by the cationic peptide explain this phenomena. The study also confirms that the peptide transfer in EDUF is mainly governed by electromigration
Chamoun, Rita. "Elaboration de films catalytiques co-alumine par dépôt électrophorétique pour l'hydrolyse du NaBH4 : développement du procédé dans une perspective de valorisation d'argiles naturelles du Liban comme supports de catalyseurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10167.
Повний текст джерелаNaBH4 hydrolysis reaction is slow in aqueous medium. Therefore, it can be accelerated by addition of a catalyst. In this work, catalytic films of Co supported over αAl2O3 have been synthesized since they are more convenient for applications requiring generation of H2 on demand. Co-αAl2O3 films were deposited on Cu plates by electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Furthermore, catalysts of Co supported over different types of natural clay (Kaolinite, Illite-A and Illite-B) provided from Lebanon were also synthesized.Co was deposited over αAl2O3 following six routes: 1. αAl2O3 film impregnation; 2. Co precipitation over αAl2O3 film; 3. Co electrodeposition over αAl2O3 film; 4. Coelectrodeposition of Co from CoCl2 and αAl2O3; 5. Coelectrodeposition of Co nanoparticles and αAl2O3 and 6. EPD of Co-αAl2O3. Route 6 was found to be the best one for the fabrication of homogeneous films of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-αAl2O3. A comparative study on the reactivity of Co-αAl2O3 films and powder catalysts was done and the kinetic study gave similar values of the apparent activation energies: 51.3 and 52.7 kJ mol-1, respectively. Moreover, Co was supported over clay with the same method used for Co-αAl2O3. 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-clay catalysts were tested for the hydrolysis reaction and the apparent activation energies obtained were as follows: 58.8, 51.5 and 58.1 kJ mol-1 for 15 wt.% Co-Kaolinite, (Illite-A) and (Illite-B) respectively. Homogeneous films of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-Kaolinite were successfully deposited over Inox substrate by EPD. It was concluded from this work that natural clays can be used as potential supports for Co catalysts in the hydrolysis of NaBH4
Huang, Peihua. "On-chip micro-supercapacitors based on nano-structured carbon materials." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30342.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing number of functions in portable electronic devices requires more and more energy and power within a limited space. Li-ion thin film or so-called micro-batteries are the current solution for power supply. Drawbacks of these storage elements are poor power performance with limited life-span and temperature range. Carbon-based micro- supercapacitors, on the other hand, are able to deliver energy in short time, thus offering high power capability, to work at low temperature and they present an unlimited life-span. This thesis proposes several carbon-based micro-supercapacitors, to be integrated on a silicon substrate together with other electronics components or sensors. They are foreseen as a potential replacement or complement of Li-ion micro-batteries to enhance the total performance of the whole power source system. The thesis work is mainly focused on adapted materials and technologies for enabling micro-supercapacitors realization. Two types of on-chip micro-supercapacitors with planar interdigitated electrodes configuration were developed: one prepared from Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and its combination of different carbon materials and different types of electrolytes, the other from patterned titanium or silicon carbide derived carbon film (TiC-CDC or SiC-CDC) on Si chip with different microfabrication techniques. Onion like carbon-based micro-supercapacitor by EPD shows high power delivery (scan rate up to 100V/s) in organic electrolyte, and high temperature range (-50 °C - 80 °C) in a eutectic mixture of ionic liquids. Different techniques for patterning carbide films have been developed to fabricate a CDC based micro- supercapacitor: reactive ion etching (RIE) or focused ion beam (FIB). TiC-CDC film based micro-supercapacitors show promising preliminary results. The developed technologies pave the way to a full and effective integration of micro-size energy storage devices on-chip
Bazin, Laurent. "Anodes nanostructurées pour microbatteries 3D Li-ion." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/815/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to elaborate and characterise nano-architectured anodes for Li-ion 3D microbatteries. These electrodes are based on a nanostructured current collector, consisting in vertically-aligned arrays of copper nanopillars (Ø200nm, L=2µm). The goal of this work is to highlight the merits of a 3D electrode prepared by coating this substrate using different techniques and active materials. Tin metal has been deposited by ELD and formed a conformal layer onto the Cu current collectors. The obtained electrode showed a capacity of 0,02 mAh. Cm-2 during more than 500 cycles and a retention capacity of 75 % between 0,05 and 6C. Cu6Sn5 alloy, formed at the Cu/Sn interface was identified as responsible of this good cycling behaviour. Then, we attempted to realise a conformal coating using the electrophoretic deposition technique. In a first step, the feasibility of this deposition was proved using silica nanoparticules. These experiments enlighted the importance of the quality of the dispersion during EPD onto a nanostructured substrate. After this, an EPD depositin of SnO2 nanoparticle has been realised. Electrochemical charactyerisations of the obtained SnO2 anodes show similar behavior as Sn anodes. This confirms the interest of EPD techniques for elaboration nanostructured electrodes
Zeyons, Ophélie. "Etudes des interactions physicochimiques et biologiques entre des nanoparticules manufacturées et des bactéries de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331931.
Повний текст джерелаLa complexité de l'étude des nanoparticules nécessite une approche différente (multidisciplinaire) de celle des tests de toxicité utilisés pour les composés classiques. En effet, nous montrons que les paramètres physicochimiques (stabilité, agrégation, dissolution et état de surface) des nanoparticules dans le milieu de contact, influencent fortement la toxicité observée sur les cellules. De plus, les interactions physicochimiques (floculation, adsorption, mécanismes redox) sont liées au modèle biologique, en particulier à la présence d'exopolysaccharides (chez Synechocystis) comme barrière naturelle entre la paroi cellulaire et les nanoparticules. La composition du milieu de dispersion des nanoparticules (notamment son pH) a aussi une influence majeure sur la toxicité (survie et intégrité membranaire). Tandis que pour E. coli, ce sont majoritairement les nanoparticules qui provoquent la mortalité (confirmé par analyses métabonomiques par RMN).
Zerrouki, Alan. "Compréhension et Optimisation du Procédé de Dépôt par Électrophorèse en Mode Pulsé en Milieu Aqueux de Nanoparticules Modèles et d'Intérêt Industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK010.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work is part of an industrial issue aiming to achieve micrometer-thick deposits of lithium battery electrode materials by electrophoretic deposition. Due to constraints related to the large-scale use of organic solvent suspensions of ceramic materials, the EPD (ElectroPhoretic Deposition) process considered in the context of this work involves colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in an aqueous medium, as well as pulsed polarization to limit the harmful water electrolysis phenomenon in obtaining dense deposits.The objective of this study is to optimize the EPD process in terms of deposition yield and quality, using model suspensions of silica nanoparticles. Thus, the synthesis conditions of these particles obtained by the Stöber approach, were optimized to get geometric and physico-chemical characteristics (zeta potential, isoelectric point) very similar to the industrial materials of interest.The deposition kinetics by EPD were simulated through a first finite element model and compared to experimental data on both monodisperse silica nanoparticle suspensions and polydisperse suspensions of industrial electrode materials.A second electrochemical model allowed simulating the evolution of pH at the electrode surface in pulsed mode and providing a better understanding of the process. The hypothesis of an extended mechanism of the DLVO theory including a decrease in pH resulting from water oxidation was highlighted in the low-frequency range of the pulsed regime. Furthermore, it was shown that this acidification can be limited by decreasing the duty cycle, thus increasing the relaxation period of the potential in pulsed mode, and operating at high frequencies (f > 1000 Hz).Finally, particular attention was focused on the cracking of deposits that occurs during the drying stage. The use of polydisperse model suspensions or drying conditions at high relative humidity improved the quality of the deposits without eliminating the cracks. However, incorporating an anionic polyelectrolyte (xanthan gum) that is not adsorbed on the surface of silica nanoparticles or a neutral polymer (polyethylene glycol, PEG) having a high affinity for silica induced a partial decrease of the cracks
Anouti, Suzanne. "Séparations électrophorétiques bidimensionnelles réalisées dans un seul capillaire pour l'analyse d'acides aminés." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20227.
Повний текст джерелаLagarrigue, Mélanie. "Détection, identification et préconcentration de produits de dégradation d'agents de guerre chimique organophosphorés par couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectrométrie de masse." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004615.
Повний текст джерелаKahlouche, Karima. "Microsystème pour la nanomédecine : application aux maladies nosocomiales et à la détection des agents pathogènes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD069/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work concerns the study and development of an electrochemical sensor for both quantitative and selective detection of biological analytes at the nanoscale. It is divided into two parts after a presentation of the state of the art on nosocomial diseases and electrochemical sensors. First, we have developed a specific protocol based on the localized functionalization of the working microelectrode by electrophoretic deposition. The strategy is based on the localizedfunctionalization of the working microelectrode by electrophoretic deposition of reduced graphène oxide / polyethyleneimine (rGO / PEI) to amplify the detection signal. The microsystem built in a clean room has been successfully tested for the selective detection of dopamine with a detection limit of 50 nM. In addition, the microsystem showed good performance in detecting dopamine levels.Then, we have also used the same electrode platform at a larger scale (mm) for the specific and selective detection of the immunological sensor which has demonstrated its effectiveness in distinguishing the UTI89 E. Coli wild-type strain of UTI89 Δfim (without operon), with a detection limit of 10. cfu mL-1. In addition, the concept of rGO / PEI modified electrode by covalent modification with pathogenic antibodies is general and can be easily transposed to any other pathogenic species, making the approach very versatile and generic.The sensor works in aqueous, serum and urinary media, which is essential for its potential use in clinical diagnosis of pathogenic diseases
Dodi, Alain. "Influence des complexants organiques sur le relâchement des métaux. Intérêt des techniques chromatographiques et électrophorétiques pour leur recherche." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30075.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic complexants constitute a particular family of organic molecules, characterised by the property to form more or less stable complexes with metal cations. The first part of the thesis shows how these complexants support the mobilisation of the metal species, for example those which are present in a disposal of radioactive waste, or how they allow the remediation of polluted soils. In the second part of the document, we will show how certain complexants can be formed by radiolysis of organic materials present in nuclear waste packages. Thus, we show for example that 22 % in mass of cellulose constituting the cotton blouses is radiolysed in the form of leachable organic carbon, after an irradiation under 4,2 MGy. The third part describes the methodologies developed in order to allow the measurement of these organic complexants at low level. The implemented techniques are : - ionic chromatography which is applied to the measurement of mono and poly carboxylates and also to the breakdown products of tributylphosphate (TBP) : mono and dibutyl phosphate (MBP, DBP). Ion chromatography is also applied to the measurement of the amines resulting from the radiolytic degradation of ion exchange resins. - ion exclusion chromatography was primarily applied to carboxylate ions. - ion suppression chromatography and ion pairing chromatography were implemented in order to measure aminopolycarboxylic chelating molecules such as EDTA, NTA, DTPA and CDTA. - reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry through electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) interfaces, was applied to the measurement of TBP, EDTA and to the degradation products of TBP (DBP and MBP). - capillary electrophoresis was applied to the measurement of carboxylic complexants and amines. The last part of the thesis relates to the development of a test which allows an assessment of the global complexing capacity of an aqueous solution. This test consists in the addition of a metallic cation weakly hydrolysable (Co2+) which will be complexed with the possible chelating molecules present in the solution. The metal complexes thus formed are anionic or neutral species in solution, and are thus retained over an anion exchanging resin, whereas uncomplexed Co (II) is eluated from the resin. The measurement of this eluated Co (II) then makes it possible to know the quantity of complexed Co (II) and consequently to determine the global complexing power (or capacity) of the solution. This complexing power being expressed for example in mmole (or mg) of Co complexed per litre of aqueous solution
Jacquet, Thibaut. "Interactions peptides antibactériens - surfaces bactériennes : Etude de la carnobactériocine Cbn BM1, une bactériocine de classe IIa." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL094N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe antimicrobial activity of class IIa bacteriocins toward Gram positive bacteria relies on their membrane targeting mechanisms of action. These mechanisms are modulated by the bacterial surface properties. The physico-chemical surface properties of eighteen bacterial strains were determined to link these properties to the resistance/sensitivity to Cbn BM1 of the bacterial strains. In this way, two approaches were undertaken : the microbial adhesion to solvents and electrophoretic mobility measurements. The results show a large diversity of the determined properties among the strains but without establishing a direct link between the surface properties and the resistance/sensitivity phenotypes. Mechanisms of action of the bacteriocin Cbn BM1 on Carnobacterium maltaromaticum DSM20730 and Listeria monocytogenes EGDe were determined. Syto9® and propidium iodide allowed to show the heterogeneity of the bacterial populations toward the alteration of the membrane integrity. The interaction of Cbn BM1 with the bacterial membrane was studied by monitoring the fluorescence anisotropy of DPH and TMA-DPH. The results highlight a difference between the mechanism of action of Cbn BM1 on C. maltaromaticum DSM20730 and on L. monocytogenes EGDe. However, a treatment by Cbn BM1 leads to a perturbation of the component of the proton-motive force of the membrane for both strains. These approaches revealed that these bacterial strains exhibit a sensitivity to Cbn BM1 only when treated in log growth phase. Modification of nano-mechanical properties of C. maltaromaticum DSM20730 after a treatment by Cbn BM1 were assessed by an atomic force microscopy approach
Mazurenko, Ievgen. "Bio-encapsulation d'oxydases et de déshydrogénases par électrogénération sol-gel sur réseau de nano-objets." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0067/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, the research work was focused on the immobilization of different enzymes (oxidases and dehydrogenases) into biocomposite silica matrix with the aim of amperometric biosensors construction. Then, the structured nanomaterials were introduced in the system in order to improve the characteristics of biosensors. The method of electrochemically-assisted deposition was chosen for the immobilization of enzymes on the surface of nanomaterials as it provides possibility of fine tuning of film thickness allowing covering each individual nanoobject. The feasibility of this was shown while modifying the platinum nanofibers, which demonstrate high electroactive surface and H2O2 oxidation rate, with silica-glucose oxidase biocomposite. The electrochemically-assisted deposition also allows the express modification of gold screen-printed electrodes with silica-choline oxidase biocomposite making possible the quick fabrication of cheap choline biosensors with high analytical characteristics. The carbon nanotubes was chosen as matrix for the immobilization of dehydrogenases as they have high surface area and electrocatalytic properties towards the oxidation of enzymatic co-factor NADH. The method of electrophoretic deposition was used for the creation of porous CNT-layer with controllable thickness on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. Created thereby matrix demonstrated good electrochemical performance significantly shifting the potential and increasing sensitivity of NADH oxidation. Then the biocomposite silica-sorbitol dehydrogenase film was deposited on the CNT-layer by means of electrochemically-assisted deposition for the construction of high-performance sorbitol biosensor. The method of electrophoretic deposition was also applied for the first time for the construction of thick macroporous CNT-assemblies with uniform pore size using template approach. Such macroporous CNT-electrode was used for the co-immobilization of sorbitol dehydrogenase and enzymatic co-factor inside the pores demonstrating higher sensitivity of sorbitol detection in comparison with nonporous CNT-electrode
Kpaibé, André Philippe Sawa. "Empreintes électrophorétiques : une approche innovante pour le contrôle qualité de substances pharmaceutiques d'origine naturelle : cas des venins de serpent." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT202.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough the therapeutic potential of natural substances is known for thousands of years in traditional medicine, it knows an increasing renewed interest in modern pharmaceutical industry as being an inexhaustible source of therapeutic active substances for various diseases.However, the quality control of these products, which is necessary to obtain reproducible biological activities and new commercial approvals, remains a great analytical challenge. Indeed, natural substances show a myriad of biological activities that can result from a specific or synergistic effects of many different components and this information remains still mostly unknown. Furthermore, because they are derived from living organisms and hence are affected by biotic and abiotic factors, it is extremely difficult to ensure a constant qualitative and quantitative composition for these natural substances among different batches. Consequently, there is a need to develop analytical strategies able to assess the “sameness” of natural productions that is analytical strategies able to assess required similarity between different batches by integrating acceptable qualitative and quantitative variations.To achieve this, the concept of analytical fingerprint has become more and more popular and is now starting to be accepted by regulatory authorities such as the FDA. This so-called “pattern-approach” aims at: (i) gaining effective and stable information about common features of a given strain (ii) evaluating similarity and difference with chemometric methods.If this concept has been quite largely studied for the quality assessment of herbal medicines, it is very still very little developed for animal active substances like snake venoms, which are of increasing interest in therapeutic research due to their rich composition in peptides and proteins. The routine quality control of venom raw substances is still often limited to a single gel electrophoresis which is clearly insufficient in terms of components resolution to achieve similarity-/dissimilarity between strains.MethodsIn this context, we have developed an original analytical fingerprint strategy that combines capillary electrophoresis and chemometrics. CE is a particularly well suited technique for peptides/proteins separation allowing to obtain complex specific fingerprints. Batches of different snake venoms have been analyzed with many replicates. All electropherograms have been processed using several chemometrics approaches (baseline correction, signals alignment, automatic recognition of common peaks …) to obtain a representative analytical trace that can be used for the quality assessment of different production lots.ResultsWe show that CE is a very well adapted method to produce highly specific and repeatable analytical profiles of different venom strains. Chemometric methods applied are very efficient to produce an average fingerprint for each strain that integrates features common to all batches and define acceptable variations in quantitative composition. Similarity/dissimilarity of different batches can then be assessed in an automatic manner.ConclusionAll presented results show the efficacy of CE combined with chemometrics to assess the quality of snake venom raw substances. It can be easily implemented in industrial quality control. This strategy can be implemented in future for other type of therapeutic substances of animal origin
Le, Saux Thomas. "Détermination des paramètres d'interaction non-covalente en solution par les méthodes électrophorétiques capillaires : champ d'application et performances. Rationalisation des protocoles." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001054.
Повний текст джерелаGarnier, Gérard. "Le facteur B du complément humain : bases structurales et biosynthétiques de sa microhétérogénéité, mises en évidence par les techniques électrophorétiques." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES026.
Повний текст джерелаFérard, Michel. "Techniques électrophorétiques appliquées à l'étude des estérases et de certaines deshydrogénases (ADH, alpha GPD, G6PD, MDH, XDH) de Folsomia candida Willem (Insecte, Collembole). Localisation in situ des estérases." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11073.
Повний текст джерелаGan, Shao MIng. "Marquage fluorescent des protéines pour étudier les enzymes protéolytiques solubles et immobilisées par la cartographie peptidique électrophorétique." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4510.
Повний текст джерелаPeptide mapping is a routine method for identifying post-translational modifications of proteins. It involves three steps: 1) enzymatic proteolysis, 2) separation of the peptide fragments by capillary electrophoresis (CE) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 3) identification of the peptide fragments by photometric methods or mass spectrometry (MS). During the past decade, immobilized enzymes for proteolysis have been gaining in popularity because they can be reused and they provide fast protein digestion due to the high ratio of enzyme-to-substrate. In order to study new immobilization techniques developed in the Waldron laboratory, peptide mapping by CE is frequently used, where the total number of peptides detected and their abundance are related to enzymatic activity. CE allows very high resolution separations and, when coupled to laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), provides excellent detection limits that are 1000 times lower than with UV-Vis absorbance. In the typical method, the peptides produced in step 1) above are derivatized with a fluorophore before separation by CE-LIF. Although the detection sensitivity of LIF can approach 10 12 M for a highly efficient fluorophore, a major disadvantage is that the derivatization reaction requires analyte concentrations to be approx. 10 7 M or higher. Therefore, it is not feasible to study enzymes using CE-LIF of the peptides derivatized after proteolysis if the initial protein substrate concentration is <10-7 M because additional dilution occurs during proteolysis. Instead, to take advantage of CE-LIF to evaluate the efficiency of immobilized enzyme digestion of low concentrations of substrate, we propose using fluorescently derivatized protein substrates that can be purified then diluted. Three methods for conjugating fluorophore to protein were investigated in this work as a means to study both soluble and immobilized enzymes. The fluorophores studied for derivatization of protein standards included naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA), fluoresceine-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) and 6-carboxyfluorescein N-succinimide ester (FAMSE). The FAMSE was found to be an excellent reagent that conjugates quickly with primary amines and the derivatized substrate was stable over time. The studied substrates were -lactalbumin (LACT), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and insulin chain-B (INB). The CE-LIF peptide maps were generated from digestion of the fluorescently derivatized substrates by trypsin (T), chymotrypsin (CT) or pepsin (PEP), either in soluble or insoluble forms. The soluble form of an enzyme is more active than the immobilized form and this allowed us to verify that the conjugated proteins were still recognized as substrates by each enzyme. The digestion of the derivatized substrates with different types of chymotrypsin (CT) was compared: free (i.e., soluble) chymotrypsin, chymotrypsin cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GACT) and chymotrypsin immobilized on agarose gel particles (GELCT), which was available commercially. The study showed that, according to the chymotrypsin used, the peptide map would vary in the number of peaks and their intensities. It also showed that the digestion by immobilized enzymes was quite reproducible. Several quantitative parameters were studied to evaluate the efficacy of the methods. The detection limit of the overall method (CE-LIF peptide mapping of FAM-derivatized protein digested by chymotrypsin) was 3.010-10 M (S/N = 2.7) carbonic anhydrase using insoluble GACT and 2.010-10 M (S/N = 4.3) CA using free chymotrypsin. Our studies also showed that the standard curve was linear in the working region (1.0×10-9-1.0×10-6 M) with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9991.