Статті в журналах: "Electronic stability control; rural road; simulation"

1

Shin, Donghoon, Seunghoon Woo, and Manbok Park. "Rollover Index for Rollover Mitigation Function of Intelligent Commercial Vehicle’s Electronic Stability Control." Electronics 10, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212605.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper describes a rollover index for detection or prediction of impending rollover in different driving situations using minimum sensor signals which can be easily obtained from an electronic stability control (ESC) system. The estimated lateral load transfer ratio (LTR) was used as a rollover index with only limited information such as the roll state of the vehicle and some constant parameters. A commercial vehicle has parameter uncertainties because of its load variation. This is likely to affect the driving performance and the estimation of the dynamic state of the vehicle. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the rollover index based on reliable measurements and the parameters of the vehicle. For this purpose, a simplified lateral and vertical vehicle dynamic model was used with some assumptions. The index is appropriate for various situations although the vehicle parameters may change. As part of the index, the road bank angle was investigated in this study, using limited information. Since the vehicle roll dynamics are affected by the road bank angle, the road bank angle should be incorporated, although previous studies ignore this factor in order to simplify the problem. Because it increases or reduces the chances of rollover, consideration of the road bank angle is indispensable in the rollover detection and mitigation function of the ESC system. The performance of the proposed algorithm was investigated via computer simulation studies. The simulation studies showed that the proposed estimation method of the LTR and road bank angle with limited sensor information followed the actual LTR value, reducing the parameter uncertainties. The simulation model was constructed based on a heavy bus (12 tons).

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Fu, Yan Rong, Li Xian Ren, Guo Ye Wang, and Hai Jing Hou. "Simulation Study on ESP Fuzzy Control Based on Road Automatic Identification." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.863.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ESP (Electronic Stability Program) is a kind of active safety device which can comprehensively improve the brake, drive and high speed performance of the automobile. Mastering the key technologies of ESP control system plays an important role in improving the performance of ESP. Vehicle dynamic model and engine model with 9 degrees of freedom of one passenger car were established based on vehicle and tire force analysis. The ESP fuzzy control model based on slip ratio control was established. The optimal slip ratio under different pavements was confirmed by using road recognition method. ESP fuzzy control was realized under MATLAB/Simulink environment. And through the split road simulation prove the validity of the road recognition algorithm, and the effectiveness of the fuzzy control strategy. The simulation and the debugging results indicate that the ESP fuzzy control strategy based on road automatic identification works well, and obviously improves automobile stability under critical situations. And all of these make a good foundation for the further research and development for the ESP integrated control system.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Tan, Senqi, Yang Wang, Wen Cheng, Tian Luo, Naisi Zhang, Shengfei Li, Bo Pan, and Xing Cui. "Cascade Direct Yaw Moment Control for an Independent Eight In-Wheel Motor-Driven Autonomous Vehicle." Electronics 11, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182930.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Unstructured off-road environments with complex terrain obstacles and pavement properties bring obvious challenges for special purpose autonomous vehicle control. A cascade direct yaw moment control strategy (CDYC), which contains a main loop and a servo loop, is proposed to enhance the accuracy and stability of an independent eight in-wheel motor-driven autonomous vehicle with rear-wheel steering (8WD/RWS). In the main loop, double PID controllers are designed to generate the desired drive moment and yaw rate. In the servo loop, the quadratic programming (QP) algorithm with the tire force boundaries optimally allocates the demanded yaw moment to individual wheel torques. The 8WD/RWS prototype is virtually established using TruckSim and serves as the control object for co-simulation. The proposed cascade controller is verified by simulations in customized off-road driving scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed control architecture can effectively enhance the path-tracking ability and handling stability of the 8WD/RWS, as to ensure the maneuverability and control stability under extreme off-road conditions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Gidlewski, M., L. Jemioł, and D. Żardecki. "Simulation tests of the integrated lane change control system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012030.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This paper presents the concept of an integrated control system for lane change by a two-axle truck. In earlier works the authors used only a controller coupled to the steering system for sudden lane changes. Nowadays, the steering system controller is integrated with ESP (Electronic Stability Program) which causes momentary braking of chosen vehicle wheels when traffic destabilization threatens. A simulation study of the integrated control system operation during sudden lane change was performed for an unladen and fully laden car on a wet road in near limiting conditions. The test results were compared with those obtained when this maneuver was performed using only the steering controller.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Wu, Liping, Ran Zhou, Junshan Bao, Guang Yang, Feng Sun, Fangchao Xu, Junjie Jin, Qi Zhang, Weikang Jiang, and Xiaoyou Zhang. "Vehicle Stability Analysis under Extreme Operating Conditions Based on LQR Control." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 9791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249791.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Under extreme working conditions such as high-speed driving on roads with a large road surface unevenness coefficient, turning on a road with a low road surface adhesion coefficient, and emergency acceleration and braking, a vehicle’s stability deteriorates sharply and reduces ride comfort. There is extensive existing research on vehicle active suspension control, trajectory tracking, and control methods. However, most of these studies focus on conventional operating conditions, while vehicle stability analysis under extreme operating conditions is much less studied. In order to improve the stability of the whole vehicle under extreme operating conditions, this paper investigates the stability of a vehicle under extreme operating conditions based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control. First, a seven degrees of freedom (7-DOF) dynamics model of the whole vehicle is established based on the use of electromagnetic active suspension, and then an LQR controller of the electromagnetic active suspension is designed. A joint simulation platform incorporating MATLAB and CarSim was built, and the CarSim model is verified by real vehicle tests. Finally, the stability of the vehicle under four different ultimate operating conditions was analyzed. The simulation results show that the root mean square (RMS) values of body droop acceleration and pitch angle acceleration are improved by 57.48% and 28.81%, respectively, under high-speed driving conditions on Class C roads. Under the double-shift condition with a low adhesion coefficient, the RMS values of body droop acceleration, pitch acceleration, and roll angle acceleration are improved by 58.25%, 55.41%, and 31.39%, respectively. These results indicate that electromagnetic active suspension can significantly improve vehicle stability and reduce driving risk under extreme working conditions when combined with an LQR controller.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Oke, Paul, Sing Kiong Nguang, and Wentai Qu. "Robust H∞ Output-Feedback Yaw Control for Vehicles with Differential Steering." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2018 (September 9, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7129240.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper examines the problem of designing a robust H∞ output-feedback yaw controller with both input and output constraints for four-wheel independently driven in-wheel electric vehicles (EVs) with differential steering. Specifically, the controller aims are to ensure the stability and improve the performance of the EV despite variations in the road adhesion coefficient, longitudinal velocity, and external disturbance. Based on the linear matrix inequalities approach, sufficient conditions for the existence of an H∞ output-feedback controller for linear systems with polytopic uncertainties, and input and control output constraints, are derived. Then those sufficient conditions are utilized to design an H∞ output-feedback yaw controller that guarantees the robust performance and stability of an EV over a wider range of road conditions. Finally, the capability of the developed controller is simulated on a vehicle model with uncertain road conditions and longitudinal velocities.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Wang, De Jun, Yuan Yuan Wang, Hong Hong Feng, Li Hua Wang, and Chao Liu. "The Optimization of Braking Force Distribution Control Strategy for ESP System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.1065.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

To adjust the car yawing moment through specific wheels braking is a kind of widely used method by various auto stability control system. The braking of different wheels will have different effects on direction and the size of the car yawing moment. Based on the established simulink simulation model platform of automobile Electronic Stability Program (ESP) control system, this paper makes a research and analysis on the vehicle stability in five kinds of typical working conditions under three kinds of braking force distribution control strategies. Finally, we propose an optimized braking force distribution control strategy which is determined by the road condition.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Soltani, Abbas, Ahmad Bagheri, and Shahram Azadi. "Integrated vehicle dynamics control using semi-active suspension and active braking systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 232, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 314–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419317733186.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article presents an integrated control of yaw, roll and vertical dynamics based on a semi-active suspension and an electronic stability control with active differential braking system. During extreme manoeuvres, the probability of vehicle rollover is increased and the stability of lateral and yaw vehicle motions is deteriorated because of the saturation of tyre forces. Furthermore, when the road excitation frequencies are equal to the natural frequencies of the unsprung masses, the resonance phenomena occurs, which causes some oscillations getting revealed on responses of the yaw and lateral vehicle dynamics. In these situations, the active braking alone cannot be helpful to improve the vehicle handling and stability, considerably. In order to overcome these difficulties, a coordinated control of the semi-active suspension and the active braking is proposed, using a fuzzy controller and an adaptive sliding mode controller, respectively. A non-linear full vehicle model with 14 degrees of freedom is established and combined with the modified Pacejka tyre model. As the majority of vehicle dynamics variables and the road profile inputs cannot be measured in a cost-efficient way, a non-linear estimator based on unscented Kalman filter is designed to estimate the entire vehicle dynamics states and the road unevenness. Simulation results of the steering manoeuvres on the random road inputs show that the proposed chassis system can effectively improve the vehicle handling, stability and ride comfort.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Han, Ya Jun, De Yin Du, and Bao Fan Chen. "Based on Adaptive Fuzzy PI DTC of Double Wheeled Electric Vehicle Drive Control." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1359.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In order to improve the stability of an electric vehicle on different road conditions, this paper puts forward a fuzzy PI direct torque control of an adaptive, through the electronic differential control, the parameters of two high torque motor is adjusted dynamically, so as to replace the traditional mechanical differential. Analysis for system stability, the simulation results show that, with Matlab/Simulink, in a different way, this method can obtain good steady-state tracking accuracy and small dynamic error integral.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Na, Wonbin, Changwoo Park, Seokjoo Lee, Seongo Yu, and Hyeongcheol Lee. "Sensitivity-Based Fault Detection and Isolation Algorithm for Road Vehicle Chassis Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082720.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Vehicle control systems such as ESC (electronic stability control), MDPS (motor-driven power steering), and ECS (electronically controlled suspension) improve vehicle stability, driver comfort, and safety. Vehicle control systems such as ACC (adaptive cruise control), LKA (lane-keeping assistance), and AEB (autonomous emergency braking) have also been actively studied in recent years as functions that assist drivers to a higher level. These DASs (driver assistance systems) are implemented using vehicle sensors that observe vehicle status and send signals to the ECU (electronic control unit). Therefore, the failure of each system sensor affects the function of the system, which not only causes discomfort to the driver but also increases the risk of accidents. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect and isolate faults in a vehicle control system. The proposed method calculates the constraints and residuals of 12 systems by applying the model-based fault diagnosis method to the sensor of the chassis system. To solve the inaccuracy in detecting and isolating sensor failure, we applied residual sensitivity to a threshold that determines whether faults occur. Moreover, we applied a sensitivity analysis to the parameters semi-correlation table to derive a fault isolation table. To validate the FDI (fault detection and isolation) algorithm developed in this study, fault signals were injected and verified in the HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) environment using an RCP (rapid control prototyping) device.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Chen, Liqing, Zhiqiang Li, Juanjuan Yang, and Yu Song. "Lateral Stability Control of Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Coordinated Control of Torque Distribution and ESP Differential Braking." Actuators 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060135.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This research focuses on four-wheel-drive electric vehicles. On the basis of the hierarchical coordinated control strategy, the coordinated control system of driving force distribution regulation and differential braking regulation was designed to increase the electric vehicles steering stability under special road working conditions. A seven-degree-of-freedom model of an electric vehicle was established in MATLAB/Simulink, and then a hierarchical coordination control model of the Electronic stability program and dynamic torque distribution control system was established. Adaptive fuzzy control was applied to ESP and, based on the neural network PID control, a torque distribution control system was designed. On the basis of the proposed coordinated control model, a performance simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop test of the control system under the typical working condition of single line shift were carried out. From the final results, it can be seen that the proposed control strategy can greatly improve the safety of the vehicle after serious side slip, increase the stability of the whole vehicle, and effectively increase the vehicle lateral stability.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Long, Ying Chun, and Li Fu Li. "Research on Electronic Differential Control Method of Electric Vehicle with Motorized Wheels Based on Adhesion Coefficient." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.950.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper presents an electronic differential control strategy based on equal adhesion coefficient, it makes electric vehicle (EV) with two dual-motorized-wheels achieve differential by distributing and controlling the driving torque. First, six degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vehicle dynamic model was set up and electronic differential system based on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) vector control was designed, then the simulation of differential control method with Matlab/Simulink was performed. The results show that when the high-speed vehicle steering in the low road adhesion coefficient, the electronic differential control method based on the principle of equal adhesion coefficient can keep two driving wheels’ adhesion coefficient utilization ratio the same, avoiding single wheel skid and improving the steering stability.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Wang, Ruo Chen, Ze Yu Sun, Long Chen, and An Ling. "Neural Network Control of EPS Based on the Cerebellum Model." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2692.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

A mathematical model of vehicle electronic power steering system (EPS)is established. To meet the response speed and real-time requirements of the EPS control, A neural network control strategy of EPS based on the cerebellar model is designed, steering system dynamic response is analyzed and EPS controller based on a single-chip computer with ARM kernel is developed, On the basis of the simulation road test of vehicle is carried out. The results show that the CMAC neural network control of EPS can well coordinate the contradiction between portability and flexibility, It can improve vehicle handling stability and the comprehensive performance of the vehicle.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Ahmad, Mushtaq, Zahid Khan, Anis Koubaa, and Wadii Boulila. "A Microscopic Platoon Stability Model Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131994.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

With Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication capability, vehicle platoon on the highway helps to reduce traffic congestion. However, the dynamic nature of vehicles imposes challenges on the V2V-based platoon management. In this paper, by considering the characteristics of a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), a microscopic platoon management scheme is proposed to deal with three basic dynamic platoon maneuvers, namely merging, splitting, and speed-change. The congestion detection feature of VANET is used as a scale for platoon merging, splitting, and speed selection. Real-time congestion is detected if the number of vehicles in a given road segment exceeds the occupancy rate or the time headway is less than the thresholds. In the proposed platoon management scheme, platoon maintenance is triggered in congestion detection. Finally, a VANET-based platoon platform is built by using Network Simulator Version 2 (NS2) network simulation to assess the performance over some real road traces generated by Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO). It is shown that V2V-based dynamic vehicle platoon management provides an inexpensive technique to cope with the dynamic platoon management requirement.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Fu, Xiaoyi, and Yuzhuang Zhao. "Machine Learning Road Recognition Based on Wavelet Decomposition." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2301, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2301/1/012005.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Driving road conditions have a great impact on vehicles and personnel. According to road conditions, reasonable adjustment of components such as suspension and electronic control unit parameters can effectively improve ride comfort and handling stability. This paper studies the method of road Recognition from the perspective of machine learning, and compares the Recognition effect of BP neural network and SVM. Using wavelet decomposition, a time-frequency analysis method, the original signal is decomposed into different frequency band signals, and the difference between different road surfaces can be amplified. The commonly used statistics are screened by Fisher’s criterion to obtain excellent data of each dimension of the sample. The method can achieve an Recognition accuracy of nearly 100% in the simulation experiment. In the vehicle experiment, the four kinds of road surfaces are well distinguished, and the comprehensive accuracy is about 82%.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Yan, Yunbing, and Haiwei Li. "Machine Vision-Based Method for Estimating Lateral Slope of Structured Roads." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051867.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Most of the studies on vehicle control and stability are based on cases of known-road lateral slope, while there are few studies on road lateral-slope estimation. In order to provide reliable information on slope parameters for subsequent studies, this paper provides a method of structured-road lateral-slope estimation based on machine vision. The relationship between the road lateral slope and the tangent slope of the lane line can be found out according to the image-perspective principle; then, the coordinates of the pre-scan point are obtained by the lane line, and the tangent slope of the lane line is used to obtain a more accurate estimation of the road lateral slope. In the implementation process, the lane-line feature information in front of the vehicle is obtained according to machine vision, the lane-line function is fitted according to an SCNN (Spatial CNN) algorithm, then the lateral slope is calculated by using the estimation formula mentioned above. Finally, the road model and vehicle model are established by Prescan software for off-line simulation. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Jin, Liqiang, Ronglin Zhang, Binghao Tang, and Hao Guo. "A Fuzzy-PID Scheme for Low Speed Control of a Vehicle While Going on a Downhill Road." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112795.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

We explored a vehicle hill descent control (HDC) system based on an electronic stability program (ESP) and applied this system to brake cars. The experimental results reveal that our system can effectively reduce the workload of a driver during a downhill journey. In the first phase of our work, the control strategy of the HDC system based on fuzzy-PID (Proportion Integral Differential) was built by MATLAB/Simulink. Then, the co-simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink, CarSim and AMESim was carried out. Finally, a real vehicle test was conducted to further verify the feasibility of the strategy. A series of simulation experiments and real vehicle tests show that the HDC system can assist the driver to control the vehicle while driving downhill at low speed, thus effectively improving the safety of the vehicle and reducing the workload of driver.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Amertet Finecomes, Sairoel, Fisseha L. Gebre, Abush M. Mesene, and Solomon Abebaw. "Optimization of automobile active suspension system using minimal order." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2378-2392.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

<p><span>This paper presents an analysis and design of linear quadratic regulator for reduced order full car suspension model incorporating the dynamics of the actuator to improve system performance, aims at benefiting: Ride comfort, long life of vehicle, and stability of vehicle. Vehicle’s road holding or handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations are become a key research area conducted by many researchers around the globe. Different researchers were tested effectiveness of different controllers for different vehicle model without considering the actuator dynamics. In this paper full vehicle model was reduced to a minimal order using minimal realization technique. The entire system responses were simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The effectiveness of linear quadratic regulator controller was compared for the system model with and without actuator dynamics for different road profiles. The simulation results were indicated that percentage reduction in the peak value of vertical and horizontal velocity for the linear quadratic regulator with actuator dynamics relative to linear quadratic regulator without actuator dynamics was 28.57%. Overall simulation results were demonstrated that proposed control scheme has able to improve the effectiveness of the car model for both ride comfort and stability.</span></p>

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Xie, Yunfeng, Cong Li, Hui Jing, Weibiao An, and Junji Qin. "Integrated Control for Path Tracking and Stability Based on the Model Predictive Control for Four-Wheel Independently Driven Electric Vehicles." Machines 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100859.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles are prone to rollover when driving at high speeds on high-adhesion roads and to sideslip on low-adhesion roads, increasing the risks associated with such vehicles. To solve this problem, this study proposes a path tracking and stability-integrated controller based on a model predictive control algorithm. First, a vehicle planar dynamics model and a roll dynamics model are established, and the lateral velocity, yaw rate, roll angle, and roll angle velocity of the vehicle are estimated based on an unscented Kalman filter. The lateral stiffness of the tires is estimated online according to the real-time feedback state of the vehicle. Then, the path tracking controller, roll stability controller, and lateral stability controller are designed. An integrated control strategy is designed for the path tracking and stability, and the conditions and coordination strategies for the vehicle roll and lateral stability state in the path tracking are studied. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively limit the lateral load transfer rate on high-adhesion roads and the sideslip angle on low-adhesion roads at high speeds. Hence, the driving stability of the vehicle under different road adhesion coefficients can be ensured and the path tracking performance can be improved.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Xia, Chang Gao, and Ji Lei Wang. "A Study of Vehicle Dynamics Stability Based on Fuzzy Control." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 5107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.5107.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) has become the focus of the study in the field of automotive active safety and chassis control in recent years, which was developed from ABS and TCS. ESP mainly works through adjusting the size and the distribution of the longitudinal tire force. ESP can make vehicle produce effective yaw moment to restrain oversteering or understeering, However, ESP is a typical nonlinear, time-delay, time-varying parameter system and its mathematical model is very complex. It is difficult to design the control model by traditional control theory. Fuzzy control does not depend on a precise mathematical model. It is employed to handle complicated questions of nonlinear dynamics. First, in this paper, the7-DOF of vehicle dynamics model based on the H. B. Pacejka tyre model (magic formula) and vehicle reference model were established by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK. Then by using fuzzy control principle to direct at the nonlinear, time varying characteristics of the ESP system, a controller of yaw rate based on fuzzy control was designed. An analysis of the simulation results of J-turn and lane change on slippery road surface shows that the present stability control system based on the yaw rate is effective in maintaining the yaw rate and the sideslip angle within the optimal range, thus improving the vehicle stability.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Han, Shi-Yuan, Tong Liang, Jin Zhou, and Yue-Hui Chen. "CAN-Based Vibration Control for Networked Vehicle Active Suspension with Both Network-Induced Delays and Packet-Dropouts." Electronics 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050708.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Ride comfort and driving safety are highly vulnerable to the undesirable excessive vibrations caused by road surface irregularities and the imperfect in-vehicle network (IVN). The main contribution of this paper consists of proposing a near-optimal vibration control approach for networked vehicle active suspension under irregular road excitations in a discrete-time domain, in which the uncertain time delay and packet dropout in CAN are taken into consideration. More specially, by virtue of two buffers of the sensor-to-controller network channel and the controller-to-actuator network channel in CAN, by introducing a designed state-transformation-based method, the original vibration control problem under the constraints of the irregular road excitations and imperfect CAN is transformed into a two-point boundary value (TPBV) problem without advanced and delayed items. After that, the near-optimal vibration control approach is presented to isolate the vehicle body from the road excitations and compensate the time delay and packet dropout from CAN synchronously. The stability condition of the networked vehicle active suspension under the proposed vibration controller is obtained based on the Lyapunov function. In numerous scenarios with different road roughnesses and network-induced time delays and packet dropouts, the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed near-optimal vibration controller.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Xue, Wuxia. "Application of Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization in Rural Credit System." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3468479.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In China’s rural credit system, the problem of credit constraints is prominent. Due to the imperfect credit market, a large number of rural residents have credit constraints. Rural credit constraint is a serious problem restricting China’s rural economic development. Aimed at solving the rural credit constraints, this paper makes an optimization analysis on the rural credit system and loan decision-making. To more reasonably evaluate customers’ borrowing ability, the credit risk based on farmers’ data on the big data platform is evaluated in this paper. The stacked denoising autoencoder network is improved by adopting the deep learning framework to improve the accuracy of credit evaluation. For improving the loan decision-making ability of rural credit system, a loan optimization strategy based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The simulation results show that the optimization ability, speed, and stability of the proposed algorithm have achieved good results in dealing with the loan portfolio decision-making problem.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Tang, Xianzhi, Longfei Shi, Bo Wang, and Anqi Cheng. "Weight Adaptive Path Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles Based on PSO-BP Neural Network." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010412.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In order to improve the tracking adaptability of autonomous vehicles under different vehicle speeds and road curvature, this paper develops a weight adaptive model prediction control system (AMPC) based on PSO-BP neural network, which consists of a dynamics-based model prediction controller (MPC) and an optimal weight adaptive regulator. Based on the application of MPC to achieve high-precision tracking control, the optimal weight under different operating conditions obtained by automated simulation is used to train the PSO-BP neural network offline to achieve online adjustment of MPC weight. The validation results of the Prescan-Carsim-Simulink joint simulation platform show that the adaptive control system has better tracking adaptation capability compared with the original classical MPC control. The control strategy was also verified on an autonomous vehicle test platform, and the test results showed that the adaptive control strategy improved tracking accuracy while meeting the vehicle’s requirements for real-time control and lateral stability.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Nguyen Van, Chi. "State Estimation Based on Sigma Point Kalman Filter for Suspension System in Presence of Road Excitation Influenced by Velocity of the Car." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6898756.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The states of the suspension system including the road excitation depend on the road quality, the velocity of the car, and the sprung mass. Those states play a very important role in the control problem of stability, ride comfort, ride safety, and dynamic wheel load of the suspension systems. The velocities and deflections of the sprung mass and unsprung mass would not be measured fully in the practice. Therefore, it must be estimated by other measured quantities from the system such as acceleration and deflection of sprung mass and unsprung mass. To control the active suspension system, its states need to be estimated accurately and guaranteed the response time. This paper presents the method using the sigma point Kalman filter to estimate the suspension system’s states including the road excitation, the deflections, and the velocities of the sprung mass and unsprung mass. The mathematical model of the suspension system is rewritten for the state estimation problem, and the stochastic load profile is supposed the main noise input. The stochastic characteristic of the road excitation depending on the car’s velocity is taken into account in the model used for suspension system state estimation. The results calculated based on the practical experiment data for specific road profile with some particular velocities of the car show that the suspension system states are estimated quite accurately in comparison with the practice states.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Chen, Xinbo, Mingyang Wang, and Wei Wang. "Unified Chassis Control of Electric Vehicles Considering Wheel Vertical Vibrations." Sensors 21, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113931.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the process of vehicle chassis electrification, different active actuators and systems have been developed and commercialized for improved vehicle dynamic performances. For a vehicle system with actuation redundancy, the integration of individual chassis control systems can provide additional benefits compared to a single ABS/ESC system. This paper describes a Unified Chassis Control (UCC) strategy for enhancing vehicle stability and ride comfort by the coordination of four In-Wheel Drive (IWD), 4-Wheel Independent Steering (4WIS), and Active Suspension Systems (ASS). Desired chassis motion is determined by generalized forces/moment calculated through a high-level sliding mode controller. Based on tire force constraints subject to allocated normal forces, the generalized forces/moment are distributed to the slip and slip angle of each tire by a fixed-point control allocation algorithm. Regarding the uneven road, H∞ robust controllers are proposed based on a modified quarter-car model. Evaluation of the overall system was accomplished by simulation testing with a full-vehicle CarSim model under different scenarios. The conclusion shows that the vertical vibration of the four wheels plays a detrimental role in vehicle stability, and the proposed method can effectively realize the tire force distribution to control the vehicle body attitude and driving stability even in high-demanding scenarios.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Zhang, Xinwen, Hongbo Liang, Xiehui Wang, and Qiang Li. "Integrated Direct Yaw Control and Antislip Regulation Mixed Control of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle Using Cosimulation Methodology." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (December 9, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6749649.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The improvement of handling and stability performance of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle (DDEV) is analyzed, visualized, and designed by proposing and deploying the mixed control strategies in this paper including Direct Yaw Control (DYC), Antislip Regulation (ASR) and a novel Dual-mode Switching Control (DMSC). First, by drawing the phase trajectory stability domain, the vehicle stability limit boundary can be determined, which provides the basis for the lateral stability constraint of the vehicle. Then, the practicability and real time visualization of driving efficiency and timeliness of DDEV is achieved to reduce the margin of error for the desired torque value by employing the DYC strategy which uses a fuzzy PID algorithm. Furthermore, the ASR strategy which adopts the optimal slip rate algorithm to determine the requirement of desired torque value based on the different road conditions is used to reduce slip phenomenon effectively and to maintain handling control of DDEV. In response to different scenes especially conflict and coexistence between DYC and ASR, the DMSC strategy is applied to find a more suitable slip rate range by using the root mean square error method (REME). Finally, the cosimulation platform of ADAMS/Car and MATLAB/Simulink is built to simulate the mixed control strategies by integrating DYC, ASR, and DMSC. The simulation results show that the DMSC can effectively prevent DDEV from entering the dangerous limit driving state when turning and driving. The strategy has a more significant control effect needed to meet the requirements of the driving safety of the vehicle and handling stability. The DMSC is adopted and downloaded into the electronic control unit of our student type formula vehicle called Flash V6 which was designed and developed by a team of students, the ZUST ATTACKER Team.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Zhou, Chenyu, Qiang Yu, Xuan Zhao, and Guohua Zhu. "T-S Fuzzy Model Based H-Infinity Control for 7-DoF Automobile Electrohydraulic Active Suspension System." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6728364.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper presents a double loop controller for a 7-DoF automobile electrohydraulic active suspension via T-S fuzzy modelling technique. The outer loop controller employs a modified H-infinity feedback control based on a T-S fuzzy model to provide the actuation force needed to ensure better riding comfort and handling stability. The resulting optimizing problem is transformed into a linear matrix inequalities solution issue associated with stability analysis, suspension stroke limit, and force constraints. Integrating these via parallel distributed compensation method, the feedback gains are derived to render the suspension performance dependent on the perturbation size and improve the efficiency of active suspensions. Adaptive Robust Control (ARC) is then adopted in the inner loop design to deal with uncertain nonlinearities and improve tracking accuracy. The validity of improvements attained from this controller is demonstrated by comparing with conventional Backstepping control and a passive suspension on a 7-DoF simulation example. It is shown that the T-S fuzzy model based controller can achieve favourable suspension performance and energy conservation under both mild and malevolent road inputs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Minh, Nhat Nguyen, and DaeYi Jung. "Integrated Estimation Strategy of Brake Force Cooperated with Artificial Neural Network Based Road Condition Classifier and Vehicle Mass Identification Using Static Suspension Deflections." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 9727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199727.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Brake forces and maximum static road friction coefficients for each wheel of the vehicle are essential information for vehicle safety systems including adaptive cruise control, electronic stability control (ESC), and collision avoidance system, etc. Many studies have been performed to estimate brake force and road friction using well-known model-based approaches, but none have unambiguously guaranteed an accurate performance in all ranges of driving conditions and road ones. In addition, the investigation of the integrated estimation approach of road friction and brake force including mass estimation has not been clearly addressed so far. Therefore, in this study, a novel integrated estimation strategy based on a data-driven technique and artificial neural network (ANN) classifier along with a compact mass identification has been proposed to acquire the accurate road friction and brake force of individual wheel. Specifically, it includes an instant mass estimation by monitoring static suspension deflections, an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier for road friction coefficient based on the average data set from available standard sensors, and a brake force estimation using the data-driven technique. The performance of the proposed technique is validated by a co-simulation environment between Carsim and MATLAB/Simulink. It is found that the integrated estimation strategy guaranteed an accurate estimation of brake forces and road friction for a wide range of variations of road frictions, vehicle velocities, and masses. This work will be a valuable asset for those who wish to develop an integrated estimation system for such crucial parameters of the vehicle system.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Zhang, Zhilu, and Benxian Xiao. "Research on dual-wheel-independent-drive control of electric forklift based on optimal slip ratio." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042092783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420927836.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Introduction: As an important transportation, the research on the control strategy of forklift has not been widely carried out. Objectives: This article proposes a turning slip regulation control strategy, which includes the improved electronic differential velocity control and turning slip regulation control, to track the optimal slip ratio. Methods: First, combined with the basic structure and characteristics of dual-wheel-independent-drive electric forklift, the vehicle model, Ackermann–Jeantand steering model, tire-ground model, and tire model of the driving wheel are established respectively. Second, according to these models, an improved electronic differential control strategy considering the influence of vertical load on tire force is proposed and it can reasonably allocate the driving torque of the two driving wheels of electric forklift. Moreover, the optimal slip ratio is given out and the turning slip regulation control strategy, which can track the optimal slip ratio of electric forklift under the conditions of different road surfaces is designed. Results: The simulation result and vehicle test show that the control strategy can optimize the slip ratio of electric forklift and greatly improve the stability of electric forklift. Conclusion: The turning slip regulation control strategy can be implemented on the TFC35 forklift to improve the safety and stability.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Basargan, Hakan, András Mihály, Péter Gáspár, and Olivier Sename. "An LPV-Based Online Reconfigurable Adaptive Semi-Active Suspension Control with MR Damper." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 3648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103648.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study introduces an online reconfigurable road-adaptive semi-active suspension controller that reaches the performance objectives with satisfying the dissipativity constraint. The concept of the model is based on a nonlinear static model of the semi-active Magnetorheological (MR) damper with considering the bi-viscous and hysteretic behaviors of the damper. The input saturation problem has been solved by using the proposed method in the literature that allows the integration of the saturation actuator in the initial system to create a Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) system. The control input meets the saturation constraint; therewith, the dissipativity constraint is fulfilled. The online reconfiguration and adaptivity problem is solved by using an external scheduling variable that allows the trade-off between driving comfort and road holding/stability. The control design is based on the LPV framework. The proposed adaptive semi-active suspension controller is compared to passive suspension and Bingham model with Simulink simulation, and then the adaptivity of the controller is validated with the TruckSim environment. The results show that the proposed LPV controller has better performance results than the controlled Bingham and passive semi-active suspension model.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Tota, Antonio, Luca Dimauro, Filippo Velardocchia, Genny Paciullo, and Mauro Velardocchia. "An Intelligent Predictive Algorithm for the Anti-Rollover Prevention of Heavy Vehicles for Off-Road Applications." Machines 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100835.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Rollover detection and prevention are among the most critical aspects affecting the stability and safety assessment of heavy vehicles, especially for off-road driving applications. This topic has been studied in the past and analyzed in depth in terms of vehicle modelling and control algorithms design able to prevent the rollover risk. However, it still represents a serious problem for automotive carmakers due to the huge counts among the main causes for traffic accidents. The risk also becomes more challenging to predict for off-road heavy vehicles, for which the incipient rollover might be triggered by external factors, i.e., road irregularities, bank angles as well as by aggressive input from the driver. The recent advances in road profile measurement and estimation systems make road-preview-based algorithms a viable solution for the rollover detection. This paper describes a model-based formulation to analytically evaluate the load transfer dynamics and its variation due to the presence of road perturbations, i.e., road bank angle and irregularities. An algorithm to detect and predict the rollover risk for heavy vehicles is also presented, even in presence of irregular road profiles, with the calculation of the ISO-LTR Predictive Time through the Phase-Plane analysis. Furthermore, the artificial intelligence techniques, based on the recurrent neural network approach, is also presented as a preliminary solution for a realistic implementation of the methodology. The paper finally assess the efficacy of the proposed rollover predictive algorithm by providing numerical results from the simulation of the most severe maneuvers in realistic off-road driving scenarios, also demonstrating its promising predictive capabilities.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Swain, Subrat Kumar, Jagat J. Rath, and Kalyana C. Veluvolu. "Neural Network Based Robust Lateral Control for an Autonomous Vehicle." Electronics 10, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040510.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The lateral motion of an Automated Vehicle (AV) is highly affected by the model’s uncertainties and unknown external disturbances during its navigation in adverse environmental conditions. Among the variety of controllers, the sliding mode controller (SMC), known for its robustness towards disturbances, is considered to generate a robust control signal under uncertainties. However, conventional SMC suffers from the issue of high frequency oscillations, called chattering. To address the issue of chattering and reduce the effect of unknown external disturbances in the absence of precise model information, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is employed to estimate the equivalent control. Further, a higher order sliding mode (HOSM) based switching control is proposed in this paper to compensate for the effect of external disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in terms of lane-keeping and lateral stability is demonstrated through simulation in a high-fidelity Carsim-Matlab Simulink environment under a variety of road and environmental conditions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Wang, Chengjun, Zhihui Wang, Haixia Hu, and Long Li. "Innovative Design and Kinematic Characteristics Analysis of Floating Mobile Chassis of Inspection Robot." Machines 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11010024.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In view of the problems that exist in the working plane of the inspection robot equipped with precision instruments that cannot always maintain a stable state when moving on a complex road surface, a floating mobile chassis was designed based on the Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ) theory, and the floating suspension device was also optimized based on the substance field. The kinematic model of the floating mobile chassis was established, and the obstacle-surmounting analysis has been carried out on complex road conditions such as the boss and trench. The dynamic model and mobile performance evaluation model of the obstacle crossing wheel are established. The prototype of the non-floating mobile chassis and the prototype of the floating mobile chassis were respectively established in ADAMS, and the motion comparison simulation analysis of boss, trench crossing and complex road conditions were also carried out. The results showed that the floating mobile chassis has strong adaptive performance, and the stability of the working plane can always be maintained when crossing obstacles.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Nouria, Nair, Gasbaoui Brahim Ghazouni Abdelkader, and Benoudjafer Cherif. "Improved DTC strategy of an electric vehicle with four in-wheels induction motor drive 4WDEV using fuzzy logic control." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp650-661.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In this paper, we will study a four-wheel drive electric vehicle (4WDEV)with two control strategies: conventional direct torque control CDTC and DTC based on fuzzy logic (DTFC). Our overall idea in this work is to show that the 4WDEV equipped with four induction motors providing the drive of the driving wheels controlled by the direct fuzzy torque control ensures good stability of the 4WDEV in the different topologies of the road, bends and slopes. and increases the range of the electric vehicle. Numerical simulations were performed on an electric vehicle powered by four 15 kW induction motors integrated into the wheels using the MATLAB / Simulink environment, where the reference speeds of each wheel (front and rear) are obtained using an electronic speed differential (ESD). This can eventually cause it to synchronize the wheel speeds in any curve. The speed of each wheel is controlled by two types of PI and FLC controllers to improve stability and speed response (in terms of setpoint tracking, disturbance rejection and climb time). Simulation results show that the proposed FLC control strategy reduces torque, flux and stator current ripple. While the4WDEV range was improved throughout the driving cycle and battery power consumption was reduced.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Wang, Jian, and Yu Zhu. "A Hardware-in-the-Loop V2X Simulation Framework: CarTest." Sensors 22, no. 13 (July 3, 2022): 5019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135019.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Vehicle to Everything (V2X) technology is fast evolving, and it will soon transform our driving experience. Vehicles employ On-Board Units (OBUs) to interact with various V2X devices, and these data are used for calculation and detection. Safety, efficiency, and information services are among its core uses, which are currently in the testing stage. Developers gather logs during the real field test to see if the application is fair. Field testing, on the other hand, has low efficiency, coverage, controllability, and stability, as well as the inability to recreate extreme hazardous scenarios. The shortcomings of actual road testing can be compensated for by indoor testing. An HIL-based laboratory simulation test framework for V2X-related testing is built in this study, together with the relevant test cases and a test evaluation system. The framework can test common applications such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Intersection Collision Warning (ICW) and others, as well as more advanced features such as Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) testing and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) injection testing. The results of the tests reveal that the framework (CarTest) has reliable output, strong repeatability, the capacity to simulate severe danger scenarios, and is highly scalable, according to this study. Meanwhile, for the benefit of researchers, this publication highlights several relevant HIL challenges and solutions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Tomar, Anuradha. "Design and Control of Standalone PV System without ESD Usage for Enhanced Energy Utilization." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180913120328.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: A Standalone Photovoltaic (PV) based system has practical constraints like the need for Energy Storage Devices (ESD) in order to ensure 24 hours availability of electricity and optimized usage of available PV power. Implementation of hybrid renewable energy based system depends upon geographical location and thus availability of a specific energy resource. Also, ESDs are costly to maintain and thus limited optimized usage of ESD is suggested in the literature. Methods: In this paper, a new concept of a PV system integrated with pumped storage is presented for electrification/implementation in rural areas. Proposed system operates at Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) without de-rating the PV capacity or any need of ESD. The control philosophy is simple, robust and ensures two modes of operation for pumped storage i.e. motoring mode and generating mode; depending upon the PV power being generated, load demand and available water level in lower and upper reservoir. Result: The effectiveness of the proposed system and control architecture is verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulation. For various modes of operation, the proposed system is able to maintain DC bus voltage, AC 3-phase voltage, the frequency at approximately constant desired values. Conclusion: However, to operate the PV system at night with heavy loads, additional ESD may be required for better response and stability.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Yang, Songlin, Jingan Feng, and Bao Song. "Research on Decoupled Optimal Control of Straight-Line Driving Stability of Electric Vehicles Driven by Four-Wheel Hub Motors." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 5766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185766.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The optimal control strategy for the decoupling of drive torque is proposed for the problems of runaway and driving stability in straight-line driving of electric vehicles driven by four-wheel hub motors. The strategy uses a hierarchical control logic, with the upper control logic layer being responsible for additional transverse moment calculation and driving anti-slip control; the middle control logic layer is responsible for the spatial motion decoupling for the underlying coordinated distribution of the four-wheel drive torque, on the basis of which the drive anti-skid control of a wheel motor-driven electric vehicle that takes into account the transverse motion of the whole vehicle is realized; the lower control logic layer is responsible for the optimal distribution of the driving torque of the vehicle speed following control. Based on the vehicle dynamics software Carsim2019.0 and MATLAB/Simulink, a simulation model of a four-wheel hub motor-driven electric vehicle control system was built and simulated under typical operating conditions such as high coefficient of adhesion, low coefficient of adhesion and opposing road surfaces. The research shows that the wheel motor drive has the ability to control the stability of the whole vehicle with large intensity that the conventional half-axle drive does not have. Using the proposed joint decoupling control of the transverse pendulum motion and slip rate as well as the optimal distribution of the drive force with speed following, the transverse pendulum angular speed and slip rate can be effectively controlled with the premise of ensuring the vehicle speed, thus greatly improving the straight-line driving stability of the vehicle.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Węsierski, Tomasz, Robert Piec, Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka, Bernard Król, Wiktor Gawroński, and Marek Kwiatkowski. "Hazards Generated by an LNG Road Tanker Leak: Field Investigation of Vapour Propagation under Class B Conditions of Atmospheric Stability." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 8483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248483.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The publication presents the results of a field test of 2–4 min releases of 96% LNG from a road tanker designed to carry the gas. The release was performed at a pressure of 5.9–6.1 atm at a discharge rate of 1.67–1.78 kg/s from a height of 0.75 m under class B conditions of atmospheric stability. Comparison of the obtained experimental results of the maximum concentrations and the simulation carried out with the EFFECS (11.2.0) software showed that the Gaussian gas model better describes the gas cloud propagation at most control points at this release intensity than the dense gas model. The dense gas model gave only slightly better results along the cloud propagation axis at close distances, not exceeding 25/30 m at ground level. It is shown that concentrations between 71% and 110% LEL are observed at the cloud visibility limit. The maximum value of the temperature drop, in the release axis, at a distance of 4 m amounts to ∆Tmax = 93.3 °C. This indicates that the cloud of the released LNG is almost entirely in the vapour state already in the short distance from the point of release, due to the turbulent outflow of the pressurised gas.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Boada, Maria Jesus L., Beatriz L. Boada, and Hui Zhang. "Event-triggering $${H}_{\infty }$$-based observer combined with NN for simultaneous estimation of vehicle sideslip and roll angles with network-induced delays." Nonlinear Dynamics 103, no. 3 (February 2021): 2733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-06269-7.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractNowadays, vehicles are being fitted with systems that improve their maneuverability, stability, and comfort in order to reduce the number of accidents. Improving these aspects is of particular interest thanks to the incorporation of autonomous vehicles onto the roads. The knowledge of vehicle sideslip and roll angles, which are among the main causes of road accidents, is necessary for a proper design of a lateral stability and roll-over controller system. The problem is that these two variables cannot be measured directly through sensors installed in current series production vehicles due to their high costs. For this reason, their estimation is fundamental. In addition, there is a time delay in the relaying of information between the different vehicle systems, such as, sensors, actuators and controllers, among others. This paper presents the design of an $${H}_{\infty }$$ H ∞ -based observer that simultaneously estimates both the sideslip angle and the roll angle of a vehicle for a networked control system, with networked transmission delay based on an event-triggered communication scheme combined with neural networks (NN). To deal with the vehicle nonlinearities, NN and linear-parameter-varying techniques are considered alongside uncertainties in parameters. Both simulation and experimental results are carried out to prove the performance of observer design.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Rizwan, Ali, Dimitrios A. Karras, Mohammed Dighriri, Jitendra Kumar, Ekta Dixit, Asadullah Jalali, and Amena Mahmoud. "Simulation of IoT-based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) for Smart Traffic Management Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (May 24, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3378558.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Nowadays, traffic congestion and increasing road accidents have become a major concern for both developed and developing countries. To overcome this challenge, an internet of things- (IoT-) based Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system is proposed in which vehicles interact with other vehicles and infrastructure. These self-organized ad hoc vehicle networks not only boost traffic safety but also enhances the efficiency of traffic management systems. The VANET systems are beneficial in busy locations, where improved data dissemination protocols are used to categorize a vehicle’s transmission. However, the performance of these VANETs is also hampered by network splits and insufficient connections. Under these situations, the proposed simulation model reduces broadcast storms by minimizing redundancies, which is equally beneficial for both rural and urban settings. The suggested Next Forwarder Vehicle (NFV) protocol is based on three factors: position, distance, and orientation. Moreover, the DDP4V technique is used to analyse each of these features. Results indicate that DDP4V is compatible with 96% of all traffic scenarios and simulation durations. It can transport data packets 60% faster due to its broadcast suppression capabilities. Also, in comparison to AID and DBRS, DDP4V has fewer dispersed packets, which results into reduced retransmissions. For 200 automobiles/km2, all these techniques accomplish 35–40% of the needed cars. However, the coverage also faces some restrictions since data packets only reach vehicles on the same side as the originating vehicle. Similarly, DDP4V delivers 90% coverage for 400 vehicles/km2, which is 30% greater than prior techniques. It is observed that the proposed protocol reduces broadcast storms by employing a waggon wheel to choose the next forwarding vehicle. In high-traffic areas, it outperforms standard techniques. Similarly, it employs a patchwork of vehicles outside of the impacted region to convey data. The industrial IoT-based VANETs provide an effective tool to monitor and control traffic besides reducing the number of traffic accidents.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Pang, Hui, Minhao Liu, Chuan Hu, and Nan Liu. "Practical Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller Design for Trajectory Tracking of Unmanned Vehicles." Electronics 11, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071110.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The trajectory tracking issue of unmanned vehicles has attracted much attention recently, with the rapid development and implementation of sensing, communication, and computing technologies. This paper proposes a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for the trajectory tracking application of an unmanned vehicle (UV). First, a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) kinematics model of this UV is used to derive the desirable controller with two control variables as forward velocity and yaw angle. Next, the one-step Euler method is employed to establish the nonlinear prediction model, then a nonlinear optimization objective function is formulated to minimize the tracking errors of forward velocity and yaw angle from a preset time-varying reference road. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed NMPC scheme is assessed under two different driving scenarios via MATLAB simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed NMPC scheme reveals better control accuracy and computational efficiency than the standard MPC controller under two different prescribed roads. Moreover, an outdoor field test is conducted to verify the performance of the proposed NMPC scheme, and the results show that the proposed NMPC can be applied to the real vehicle and can improve the tracking accuracy and the driving stability of trajectory tracking.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Ma, Yao, Dang Lu, Hengfeng Yin, Lun Li, Manyi Lv, and Wei Wang. "The Unsteady-State Response of Tires to Slip Angle and Vertical Load Variations." Machines 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10070527.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The tire is the only part that connects the vehicle and the road surface. Many important properties of vehicles are related to the mechanical properties of tires, such as handling stability, braking safety, vertical vibration characteristics, and so on. Although a great deal of research on tire dynamics has been completed, mainly focusing on steady-state tire force and moment characteristics, as well as linear unsteady force characteristics, less research has been conducted on nonlinear unsteady characteristics, especially when the vertical load changes dynamically. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to improve the tire unsteady-state model and verify it by experiment. To achieve this goal, we first study the nonlinear unsteady tire cornering theoretical model and obtain clear force and torque frequency response functions. Then, based on the results of the theoretical model, a high-precision and high-efficiency semi-physical model is developed. Finally, model identification and accuracy verification are carried out based on the bench test data. The model developed in this paper has high accuracy, and it significantly improves the expression of the aligning torque, which helps to improve the virtual simulation of transient conditions, such as vehicle handling and dynamic load conditions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Fang, Xuan, Hexuan Li, Tamás Tettamanti, Arno Eichberger, and Martin Fellendorf. "Effects of Automated Vehicle Models at the Mixed Traffic Situation on a Motorway Scenario." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062008.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

There is consensus in industry and academia that Highly Automated Vehicles (HAV) and Connected Automated Vehicles (CAV) will be launched into the market in the near future due to emerging autonomous driving technology. In this paper, a mixed traffic simulation framework that integrates vehicle models with different automated driving systems in the microscopic traffic simulation was proposed. Currently, some of the more mature Automated Driving Systems (ADS) functions (e.g., Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Lane Keeping Assistant (LKA), etc.) are already equipped in vehicles, the very next step towards a higher automated driving is represented by Level 3 vehicles and CAV which show great promise in helping to avoid crashes, ease traffic congestion, and improve the environment. Therefore, to better predict and simulate the driving behavior of automated vehicles on the motorway scenario, a virtual test framework is proposed which includes the Highway Chauffeur (HWC) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication function. These functions are implemented as an external driver model in PTV Vissim. The framework uses a detailed digital twin based on the M86 road network located in southwestern Hungary, which was constructed for autonomous driving tests. With this framework, the effect of the proposed vehicle models is evaluated with the microscopic traffic simulator PTV Vissim. A case study of the different penetration rates of HAV and CAV was performed on the M86 motorway. Preliminary results presented in this paper demonstrated that introducing HAV and CAV to the current network individually will cause negative effects on traffic performance. However, a certain ratio of mixed traffic, 60% CAV and 40% Human Driver Vehicles (HDV), could reduce this negative impact. The simulation results also show that high penetration CAV has fine driving stability and less travel delay.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Ramadan, Ashraf, Mohamed Ebeed, Salah Kamel, Mohamed I. Mosaad, and Ahmed Abu-Siada. "Technoeconomic and Environmental Study of Multi-Objective Integration of PV/Wind-Based DGs Considering Uncertainty of System." Electronics 10, no. 23 (December 5, 2021): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10233035.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

For technological, economic, and environmental reasons, renewable distributed generators (RDGs) have been extensively used in distribution networks. This paper presents an effective approach for technoeconomic analysis of optimal allocation of REDGs considering the uncertainties of the system. The primary issue with renewable-based distributed generators, especially wind and photovoltaic systems, is their intermittent characteristic that results in fluctuating output power and, hence, increasing power system uncertainty. Thus, it is essential to consider the uncertainty of such resources while selecting their optimal allocation within the grid. The main contribution of this study is to figure out the optimal size and location for RDGs in radial distribution systems while considering the uncertainty of load demand and RDG output power. A Monte Carlo simulation approach and a backward reduction algorithm were used to generate a reasonable number of scenarios to reflect the uncertainties of loading and RDG output power. Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO), an efficient technique, was used to estimate the ratings and placements of the RDGs for a multi-objective function that includes the minimization of the expected total cost, total emissions, and total system voltage deviation, in addition to enhancing predicted total voltage stability. An IEEE 118-bus network was used as a large interconnected network, along with a rural 51-bus distribution grid and the IEEE 15-bus model as a small distribution network to test the developed technique. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed optimization technique effectively addresses the optimal DG allocation problem. Furthermore, the results indicate that using the proposed method to optimally integrate wind turbines with solar-based DG decreases the expected costs, emissions, and voltage deviations while improving voltage stability by 40.27%, 62.6%, 29.33%, and 4.76%, respectively, for the IEEE 118-bus system and enhances the same parameters by 35.57%, 59.92%, 68.95%, and 11.88%, respectively, for the rural 51-bus system and by 37.74%, 61.46%, 58.39%, and 8.86%, respectively, for the 15-bus system.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Liqiang, Wang, Qi Lin, Zhang Zhe, and HAN Zongqi. "Research on the compensation method of Indirect Tire Pressure Monitoring under Sinusoidal Driving Condition." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815304007.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Indirect tire pressure monitoring method (ITPMS) is based on the wheel speed signal differences indirectly infer that the change of the tire pressure. In the steering mode, there is a large yaw rate, and there is a big deviation between the four wheels’ speed. The traditional indirect tire pressure monitoring method based on wheel speed comparison method is invalid. That the automobiles which is matched electronic stability control system estimate the four-wheel speed according to the yaw rate and steering wheel angle become an important method to improve the accuracy of Indirect tire pressure monitoring. Four-wheel vehicle kinematics model for turning condition is established to compensate for the wheel speed in the steering mode, avoid the misjudgment of indirect tire pressure monitoring system. The seven degree of freedom vehicle model and the four wheel speed model are established firstly, and analyse the four wheel speed change of the vehicle under the condition of a certain corner input in the simulation. Then conduct a test on the vehicle road, calculated using the four wheel speed distribution module model of vehicle wheel speed on the theoretical value of the actual value of the wheel speed compensation, so it can monitor the tire pressure in turning vehicle. When the error of the wheel speed is beyond the threshold, the wheel can be judged to be in the state of lack of gas.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Roizblatt, Daniel, Gilgamesh Eamer, Derek Roberts, Chad Ball, Joanne Banfield, Brittany Greene, Precilla Veigas, et al. "Trauma Association of Canada Annual Scientific Meeting, Westin Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Apr. 10–11, 2015Outcomes and opportunities for improvement in self-inflicted blunt and penetrating traumaAbdominal compartment syndrome in the childActive negative pressure peritoneal therapy after abbreviated laparotomy: The intraperitoneal vacuum randomized controlled trialUse of a novel combined RFA/saline energy instrument for arresting ongoing hemorrhage from solid organ injuriesHealth care costs of burn patients from homes without fire sprinklersPenetrating trauma in eastern Ontario: a descriptive analysisThresholds of rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) used for the diagnosis and management of bleeding trauma patients: a systematic reviewA quality indicator to measure hospital complications for injury admissionsThromboelastography (TEG) in the management of trauma: implications for the developing worldPotential role of the rural trauma team development course (RTTDC) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)Applicability of the advanced disaster medical response (ADMR) course, Trinidad and TobagoInflammatory mediators in intra-abdominal sepsis or injury: a scoping reviewEvaluation of the online Concussion Awareness Training Toolkit (CATT) for parents, players and coachesUltrasound assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in healthy volunteersThe benefits of epidural analgesia in flail chest injuriesMandatory reporting rates of injured alcohol-impaired drivers with suspected alcohol dependence in a level 1 Canadian trauma centre: a single institution’s experienceSimulation implementation in a new pediatric residency program in Haiti: trauma specificsManagement of skull fractures in children younger than 1 year of ageResource use in patients who have sustained a traumatic brain injury within an integrated Canadian trauma system: a multicentre cohort studyResource use intensity in a mature, integrated Canadian trauma system: a multicentre cohort studyRates and determinants of unplanned emergency department visits and readmissions within 30 days following discharge from the trauma service — the Ottawa Hospital experienceAlcohol — screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT): Is it readily available in Canadian trauma centres?Management of traumatic occult hemothorax: a survey among trauma providers in CanadaAn audit of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: a quality assurance project at our level 1 trauma centreCatecholamines as outcome markers in traumatic brain injuryAre we missing the missed injury? The burden of traumatic missed injuries diagnosed after hospital dischargeThe use of fibrinogen concentrate in trauma: a descriptive systematic reviewVery early initiation of chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after solid organ injury is safe: a call for a national prospective multicentre studyThe 2 student to 1 faculty (2:1) model of teaching the Advanced Trauma Operative Management (ATOM) courseTrauma transfusion in the elderlyCocaine and benzodiazepines are more predictive of an injury severity score greater than 15 compared to alcohol or tetrahydrocannabinol in trauma patients under 18 years oldAre we missing traumatic bowel and mesenteric injuries?The marriage of surgical simulation and telementoring for damage control surgical training of operational first-respondersAdding remote ultrasound control to remote just-in-time telementored trauma ultrasound: a pilot studyDescriptive analysis of morbidity and mortality associated with falls at a level 1trauma centreDevelopment of an ICU transition questionnaire: evaluating the transfer process from ICU, ward, and patient/family stakeholder perspectivesUse of IO devices in trauma: A survey of trauma practitioners in Canada, Australia and New ZealandTime to reversal of medication-induced coagulopathy in traumatic intracranial hemorrhageMeta-analysis of randomized control trials of hospital based violence interventions on repeat intentional injuryBlunt injury of a horseshoe kidney, case report and review of the literatureLegal consequences for alcohol-impaired drivers involved in motor vehicle collisions: a systematic reviewA characterization of major adult sport-related trauma in Nova Scotia, 2000–2013Is hockey the most dangerous pediatric sport? An evaluation of pediatric sport-related injuries treated in Nova ScotiaInterim results of a pilot randomized control trial of an ED-based violence intervention programPre-intubation resuscitation by Canadian physicians: results of a national surveyFirst-responder accuracy using SALT during mass-casualty incident simulationEmergent endotracheal intubation: medications and device choices by Canadian resuscitation physicians“Oh the weather outside is frightful”: Severe injury secondary to falls while installing residential Christmas lightsCan we speak the same language? Understanding Quebec’s inclusive trauma systemAn unusual segmental clavicle fracture treated with titanium elastic nailImpact of the age of stored blood on trauma patient mortality: a systematic reviewInterhospital transfer of traumatic brain injury: utilization of helicopter transportCheerleading injuries: a Canadian perspectivePre-hospital mode of transport in a rural trauma system: air versus groundAnalysis of 15 000 patient transfers to level 1 trauma centre: Injury severity does not matter — just drive, drive, drive!The effects of legislation on morbidity and mortality associated with all-terrain vehicle and motorcycle crashes in Puerto RicoAssessing how pediatric trauma patients are supported nutritionally at McMaster Children’s HospitalOutcomes of conservative versus operative management of stable penetrating abdominal traumaS.T.A.R.T.T. — Evolution of a true multidisciplinary trauma crisis resource management simulation courseDevelopment of criteria to identify traumatic brain injury patients NOT requiring intensive care unit monitoringAssigning costs to visits for injuries due to youth violence — the first step in a cost-effectiveness analysisThere’s no TRIK to it — development of the Trauma Resuscitation in Kids courseResilient despite childhood trauma experiencesA five-year, single-centre review of toxic epidermal necrolysis managementAll in the family: creating and implementing an inclusive provincial trauma registryLessons learned from a provincial trauma transfer systemThe NB Trauma Program: 5 years laterProvincial coordination of injury prevention: the New Brunswick (NB) experienceImproving access and uptake of trauma nursing core course (TNCC): a provincial approachULTRASIM: ultrasound in trauma simultation. Does the use of ultrasound during simulated trauma scenarios improve diagnostic abilities?Traumatic tale of 2 cities, part 1: Does being treated by different EMS affect outcomes in trauma patients destined for transport to level 1 trauma centres in Halifax and Saint John?Traumatic tale of 2 cities, part 2: Does being treated by different hospitals affect outcome in trauma patients destined for transport to Level 1trauma centres in Halifax and Saint John?Protective devices use in road traffic injuries in a developing countryFunctional and anatomical connectivity and communication impairments in moderate to severe traumatic brain injuryCaring and communicating in critical cases: Westlock trauma form, a resource for rural physiciansMonitoring of ocular nerve sheath in traumatic raised intracranial pressure (Moonstrip Study): a prospective blinded observational trialEstablishing an alcohol screening and brief intervention for trauma patients in a multicultural setting in the Middle East: challenges and opportunitiesThe poor compliance to seat belt use in Montréal: an 18 461 road user iPhone-based studyAn iPad-based data acquisition for core trauma registry data in 6 Tanzanian hospitals: 1 year and 13 462 patients later“The Triple-Q Algorithm”: a practical approach to the identification of liver topographyA pan-Canadian bicycle helmet use observational studyDoor to decompression: the new benchmark in trauma craniotomiesAre missed doses of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis a risk factor for thromboembolic complications?Complications following admission for traumatic brain injuryExcessive crystalloid infusion in the first 24 hours is not associated with increased complications or mortalitySBIRT: plant, tend, growReal time electronic injury surveillance in an African trauma centreSBIRT in concert: establishing a new initiativeReview of the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of acute traumatic coagulopathy: implications for current trauma resuscitation practicesFactors associated with primary fascial closure rates in patients undergoing damage control laparotomyFree intraperitoneal fluid on CT abdomen in blunt trauma: Is hospital admission necessary?The need for speed — the time cost of off-site helipadsEndovascular management of penetrating Zone III retroperitoneal injuries in selective patients: a case reportMeasured resting energy expenditure in patients with open abdomens: preliminary data of a prospective pilot studyTraumatic inferior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm: case report and review of literaturePancreatico duodenectomy, SMA, SMV repair and delayed reconstruction following blunt abdominal trauma. A case report with discussion of trauma whipple and complex pancreatico duodenal injuriesA retrospective evaluation of the effect of the Trauma Team Training program in TanzaniaDoes procalcitonin measurement predict clinical outcomes in critically ill/injured adults managed with the open abdomen technique?In trauma, conventional ROTEM and TEG results are not interchangeable but are similar in clinical applicabilitySevere trauma in the province of New Brunswick: a descriptive epidemiological studyPartnering for success — a road safety strategy for London and regionEvaluation of a patient safety initiative of rapid removal of backboards in the emergency departmentActive negative pressure peritoneal therapy and C-reactive protein levels after abbreviated laparotomy for abdominal trauma or intra-abdominal sepsisA comparison of outcomes: Direct admissions vs. interhospital transfers April 2009–March 2014YEE HA or YEE OUCH! A 5-year review of large animal-related incidentsEarly goal-directed therapy for prevention of hypothermia-related transfusion, morbidity and mortality in severely injured trauma patientsImproving care of adolescent trauma patients admitted to adult trauma centres by fostering collaboration between adult and pediatric partnersExpediting operational damage control laparotomy closure: iTClam v. suturing during damage control surgical simulation trainingAre conventional coagulation tests inadequate in the assessment of acute traumatic coagulopathy?Predictors of long-term outcomes in patients admitted to emergency general surgery services: a systematic review of literatureUse of the iTClamp versus standard suturing techniques for securing chest tubes: A randomized cadaver studyiTClamp application for control of simulated massive upper extremity arterial hemorrhage by tactical policeAssessing performance in the trauma roomThe deadly need for methadone/opiate educationTrends in the management of major abdominal vascular injuries: 2000–2014Addressing high school seniors’ risky behaviours through a hospital-based and peer teaching outreach programScreening for risk of post-traumatic stress disorder after injury in acutely injured children: a systematic reviewThe impact of trauma centre designation levels on surgical delay, mortality and complications: a multicentre cohort studyHow many acutely injured children report subsequent stress symptoms?The frequency of coagulopathy and its significance in an emergency neurotrauma facilityPsychosocial care for injured children: The views of 2500 emergency department physicians and nurses from around the worldDevelopment of the Trauma Electronic Document (TED)Development of trauma team activation criteria for an urban trauma centreBrains and brawn: evaluation of a sports skills and concussion awareness campRegional trauma networks: a tale of 2 pilotsContinuous data quality improvement in a provincial trauma registryDoes the Rural Trauma Team Development Course shorten transfer time?Epidemiology of trauma in Puerto RicoCT scans facilitate early discharge of trauma patientsFeasibility of data collection in a conflict zone to assess the impact on emergency health care deliveryConsent for Emergency Research (CONfER): a national survey of Canadian research ethics board practicesMaking handover safer for our trauma patients through the lens of trauma team leadersChallenges and opportunities to improve trauma transitions of care from emergency to intensive care nursingPhysical disorder following major injury: a population-based studyToward an inclusive trauma system: regional trauma system development in OntarioTraumatic brain injury in British Columbia: current incidence, injury patterns and risk factorsAcute cytokine and chemokine profiles in brain-injured patients: relationship to sympathetic activation and outcomeMultidisciplinary trauma simulation training in a tertiary care centreNon-operative management of blunt splenic injuries: routine radiologic follow-up may reduce the time of activity restrictionModified triple layer peritoneal-aponeurotic transposition: a new strategy to close the open abdomenMesenchymal stem cells locate and differentiate to the trauma site in a blunt rat liver trauma model: preliminary resultsThree indications for the “open abdomen”, anatomical, logistical and physiological: How are they different?Development of an urban trauma centre using lean methodologyThe impact of standardized care in 191 patients with chest tube thoracostomyComplex abdominal wall reconstruction: recommendations from the Canadian Abdominal Wall Reconstruction GroupCompensatory behaviours and cognitions in persons with history of traumaDevelopment of the Kenyatta National Hospital — University of Alberta Orthopedic Trauma Assessment Tool: phase 1 resultsRisk-taking behaviour negatively affects outcome in burn patients." Canadian Journal of Surgery 58, no. 2 Suppl 1 (April 2015): S1—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.003415.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Jaafari, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi, and Kourosh Heidari Shirazi. "Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control Via Torque Vectoring Differential and Electronic Stability Control to Improve Vehicle Handling and Stability Performance." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 140, no. 7 (January 16, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4038657.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper proposed a full vehicle state estimation and developed an integrated chassis control by coordinating electronic stability control (ESC) and torque vectoring differential (TVD) systems to improve vehicle handling and stability in all conditions without any interference. For this purpose, an integrated TVD/ESC chassis system has been modeled in Matlab/Simulink and applied into the vehicle dynamics model of the 2003 Ford Expedition in carsim software. TVD is used to improve handling in routine and steady-state driving conditions and ESC is mainly used as the stability controller for emergency maneuvers or when the TVD cannot improve vehicle handling. By the β−β˙ phase plane, vehicle stable region is determined. Inside the reference region, the handling performance and outside the region the vehicle stability has been in question. In order to control the integrated chassis system, a unified controller with three control layers based on fuzzy control strategy, β−β˙ phase plane, longitudinal slip, and road friction coefficient of each tire is designed in Matlab/Simulink. To detect the control parameters, a state estimator is developed based on unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Bees algorithm (BA) is employed to optimize the fuzzy controller. The performance and robustness of the integrated chassis system and designed controller were conformed through routine and extensive simulations. The simulation results via a co-simulation of MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim indicated that the designed integrated ESC/TVD chassis control system could effectively improve handling and stability in all conditions without any interference between subsystems.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Yazid, Nor El Houda, Tarik Mohammed Chikouche, Kada Hartani, and Abdelkader Merah. "Advanced Vertical and Lateral Coupling Dynamics Control for a Four In-wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, December 6, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.20545.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper presents an advanced vertical and lateral coupling dynamics control for stabilizing the vertical and lateral motion of a four in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle. The novelty is to investigate the possibilities of enhancing the lateral stability of electric vehicle through the correct control of their suspension system, and further improve the suspension system performances using direct yaw control (DYC) without having a contradictory effect between the vertical and lateral controllers. There are two main objectives; the first is to improve ride comfort, road holding and vehicle lateral handling performance simultaneously by using a new combined full vehicle suspension system, and the second is to strengthen electric vehicle lateral handling performance by using a sliding mode technique for controlling the direct yaw moment. For vehicle suspension system control, we are seeking to design a skyhook control to control the suspension damper and a sliding mode control to stabilize the position of the sprung masses of the in-wheel damper vibration absorber (DVA). To solve the problems caused by the chattering phenomena and ensure the exponential stability of the sprung mass, the continuous singular terminal sliding-mode controller is selected to design the sliding mode control used as a DVA controller. Simulation results show that the coordinated control between DYC and combined full vehicle suspension system under several turns' maneuvers and under random road excitations, can stabilize electric vehicle lateral motion, enhance the vehicle ride comfort, road holding, enhance the rollover resistance performance and satisfy the main suspension performances simultaneously.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Li, Shihao, Rongjun Cheng, Hongxia Ge, and Pengjun Zheng. "An extended car-following model integrating average speed and electronic throttle dynamics of multiple preceding vehicles." Engineering Computations ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 8, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-05-2020-0286.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of the electronic throttle (ET) dynamics and the average speed of multiple preceding vehicles on the stability of traffic flow. Design/methodology/approach An extended car-following model integrating the ET dynamics and the average speed of multiple preceding vehicles is presented in this paper. The novel model’s stability conditions are obtained by using the thought of control theory, and the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation is inferred in terms of the nonlinear analysis method. In addition, some simulation experiments are implemented to explore the properties of traffic flow, and the results of these experiments confirm the correctness of theoretical analysis. Findings In view of the results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, traffic flow will become more stable when the average speed and ET dynamics of multiple preceding vehicles are considered, and the stability of traffic flow will also be enhanced by increasing the number of preceding vehicles considered. Research limitations/implications This study leaves the factors such as the mixed traffic flow, the multilane and so on out of account in real road environment, which more or less influences the traffic flow’s stability, so the real traffic environment is not fully reflected. Originality/value There is little research integrating ET dynamics and the average velocity of multiple preceding vehicles to study the properties of traffic flow. The enhanced model constructed in this study can better reflect the real traffic, which can also give some theoretical reference for the development of connected and autonomous vehicles.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Groner, Rudolf, and Enkelejda Kasneci. "Eye movements in real and simulated driving and navigation control - Foreword to the Special Issue." Journal of Eye Movement Research 12, no. 3 (June 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.0.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The control of technological systems by human operators has been the object of study for many decades. The increasing complexity in the digital age has made the optimization of the interaction between system and human operator particularly necessary.. In the present thematic issue, ten exemplary articles are presented, ranging from observational field studies to experimental work in highly complex navigation simulators. For the human operator, the processes of attention play a crucial role, which are captured in the contributions listed in this thematic issue by eye-tracking devices. For many decades, eye tracking during car driving has been investigated extensively (e.g. Lappi & Lehtonen, 2013; Grüner & Ansorge, 2017). In the present special issue, Cvahte Ojsteršek & Topolšek (2019) provide a literature review and scientometric analysis of 139 eye-tracking studies investigating driver distraction. For future studies, the authors recommend a wider variety of distractor stimuli, a larger number of tested participants, and an increasing interdisciplinarity of researchers. In addition to most studies investigating bottom-up processes of covered attention, Tuhkanen, Pekkanen, Lehtonen & Lappi (2019) include the experimental control of top-down processes of overt attention in an active visuomotor steering task. The results indicate a bottom-up process of biasing the optic flow of the stimulus input in interaction with the top-down saccade planning induced by the steering task. An expanding area of technological development involves autonomous driving where actions of the human operator directly interact with the programmed reactions of the vehicle. Autonomous driving requires, however,a broader exploration of the entire visual input and less gaze directed towards the road centre. Schnebelen, Charron & Mars (2021) conducted experimental research in this area and concluded that gaze dynamics played the most important role in distinguishing between manual and automated driving. Through a combination of advanced gaze tracking systems with the latest vehicle environment sensors, Bickerdt, Wendland, Geisler, Sonnenberg & Kasneci (2021) conducted a study with 50 participants in a driving simulator and propose a novel way to determine perceptual limits which are applicable to realistic driving scenarios. Eye-Computer-Interaction (ECI) is an interactive method of directly controlling a technological device by means of ocular parameters. In this context, Niu, Gao, Xue, Zhang & Yang (2020) conducted two experiments to explore the optimum target size and gaze-triggering dwell time in ECI. Their results have an exemplary application value for future interface design. Aircraft training and pilot selection is commonly performed on simulators. This makes it possible to study human capabilities and their limitation in interaction with the simulated technological system. Based on their methodological developments and experimental results, Vlačić, Knežević, Mandal, Rođenkov & Vitsas (2020) propose a network approach with three target measures describing the individual saccade strategy of the participants in this study. In their analysis of the cognitive load of pilots, Babu, Jeevitha Shree, Prabhakar, Saluja, Pashilkar & Biswas (2019) investigated the ocular parameters of 14 pilots in a simulator and during test flights in an aircraft during air to ground attack training. Their results showed that ocular parameters are significantly different in different flying conditions and significantly correlate with altitude gradients during air to ground dive training tasks. In maritime training the use of simulations is per international regulations mandatory. Mao, Hildre & Zhang (2019) performed a study of crane lifting and compared novice and expert operators. Similarities and dissimilarities of eye behavior between novice and expert are outlined and discussed. The study of Atik & Arslan (2019) involves capturing and analyzing eye movement data of ship officers with sea experience in simulation exercises for assessing competency. Significant differences were found between electronic navigation competencies of expert and novice ship officers. The authors demonstrate that the eye tracking technology is a valuable tool for the assessment of electronic navigation competency. The focus of the study by Atik (2020) is the assessment and training of situational awareness of ship officers in naval Bridge Resource Management. The study shows that eye tracking provides the assessor with important novel data in simulator based maritime training, such as focus of attention, which is a decisive factor for the effectiveness of Bridge Resource Management training. The research presented in the different articles of this special thematic issue cover many different areas of application and involve specialists from different fields, but they converge on repeated demonstrations of the usefulness of measuring attentional processes by eye movements or using gaze parameters for controlling complex technological devices. Together, they share the common goal of improving the potential and safety of technology in the digital age by fitting it to human capabilities and limitations. References Atik, O. (2020). Eye tracking for assessment of situational awareness in bridge resource management training. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.7 Atik, O., & Arslan, O. (2019). Use of eye tracking for assessment of electronic navigation competency in maritime training. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.2 Babu, M. D., JeevithaShree, D. V., Prabhakar, G., Saluja, K. P. S., Pashilkar, A., & Biswas, P. (2019). Estimating pilots’ cognitive load from ocular parameters through simulation and in-flight studies. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.3 Cvahte Ojsteršek, T., & Topolšek, D. (2019). Eye tracking use in researching driver distraction: A scientometric and qualitative literature review approach. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.5 Grüner, M., & Ansorge, U. (2017). Mobile eye tracking during real-world night driving: A selective review of findings and recommendations for future research. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.10.2.1 Lappi, O., & Lehtonen, E. (2013). Eye-movements in real curve driving: pursuit-like optokinesis in vehicle frame of reference, stability in an allocentric reference coordinate system. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.1.4 Mao, R., Li, G., Hildre, H. P., & Zhang, H. (2019). Analysis and evaluation of eye behavior for marine operation training - A pilot study. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.6 Niu, Y.- feng, Gao, Y., Xue, C.- qi, Zhang, Y.- ting, & Yang, L.- xin. (2020). Improving eye–computer interaction interface design: Ergonomic investigations of the optimum target size and gaze-triggering dwell time. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.8 Schnebelen, D., Charron, C., & Mars, F. (2021). Model-based estimation of the state of vehicle automation as derived from the driver’s spontaneous visual strategies. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.10 Tuhkanen, S., Pekkanen, J., Lehtonen, E., & Lappi, O. (2019). Effects of an active visuomotor steering task on covert attention. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/Jemr.12.3.1 Vlačić, S. I., Knežević, A. Z., Mandal, S., Rođenkov, S., & Vitsas, P. (2020). Improving the pilot selection process by using eye-tracking tools. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.3.4

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Electronic stability control; rural road; simulation"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями