Дисертації з теми "Electron rays"
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Prade, H. "Workshop on X-rays from electron beams." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-30011.
Повний текст джерелаPrade, H. "Workshop on X-rays from electron beams." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2000. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21828.
Повний текст джерелаNilsson, Daniel. "Zone Plates for Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122161.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20130514
Chandril, Sandeep. "In situ structural and compositional analysis using RHEED electrons induced x-rays." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10641.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 97 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).
Chighvinadze, Tamar. "A spectroscopic Compton scattering reconstruction algorithm for 2D cross-sectional view of breast CT geometry." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, IOS press, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23846.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Hai Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Precision measurement of electron and positron flux in cosmic rays with the AMS-02 Detector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103243.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-169).
The cosmic ray electron and positron flux measurement can address a series of astrophysics and particle physics questions. This thesis presents an analysis of electron and positron flux from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV using the first 30 months of data taking( over 41 billion events), with the AMS-02 detector on the International Space Station(ISS) 330-410 km above earth. A precise calibration of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter(ECAL) signals is performed to obtain stable energy measurement. A reconstruction algorithm for electromagnetic showers is implemented to measure energy and achieve high particle identification accuracy of electron and positron separating them from the proton background. The result of combined electron and positron flux measurement shows a smooth spectrum with no sharp structure. The spectral index ... above 30 GeV is observed to be ... (energy scale). This provides precise measurement for cosmic ray electrons and positrons and can contribute to probing the origin of cosmic rays, informing the studies of new physics..
by Hai Chen.
Ph. D.
Checchia, Caterina. "Study of cosmic-ray light nuclei on the ISS: identification of the interaction point in the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1054668.
Повний текст джерелаPetersen, Timothy W. "Tabletop internal source ensemble x ray holography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9747.
Повний текст джерелаReppart, William J. "Magnetic and crystallographic investigations of selected single crystal systems /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513407635.
Повний текст джерелаSnavely, Richard Adolph. "Physics of laser driven relativistic plasmas, energetic X-rays, proton beams and relativistic electron transport in Petawatt laser experiments /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерелаYou, Yan. "Pulsed Laser Injected Enhancement Cavity for Laser-electron Interaction." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011958.
Повний текст джерелаShabani, Juvet Malonda. "Synthesis of clay-based catalysts for bioethanol conversion." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2488.
Повний текст джерелаFor decades, clays have been applicable as commercial catalysts mostly for cracking in petroleum industries. Clays are also used for development of useful catalysts for various other industrial applications. Hence, this work was aimed to synthesize clay-based catalysts from clay minerals (Kaolin, bentonite and talc) that will be active for the conversion of bioethanol to fuel hydrocarbons. Catalyst characterisation techniques employed on the samples produced in this work include the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the X-Ray Diffraction pattern (XRD). All catalytic reactions were carried out in a fixed bed reactor (at fixed reaction condition of 6 hour and 350 ⁰C) and corresponding reaction products (liquid and gaseous) were analysed through a Gas Chromatograph- Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). The activity of clays in their non-modified state was studied and they were all found active for bioethanol conversion to hydrocarbons. Bentonite was the most active catalyst with bioethanol of 84.95 % and this through subsequent beneficiation and acid-modification approach, led to increased bioethanol conversion of 87.3 %. EDS/SEM characterisation of the catalyst in line to the above modification and increased catalyst activity, revealed that the structural morphology of bentonite and the concentration of basic structural elements (in terms of Si/Al ratio) was increased.
Voigt, Bernhard. "Sensitivity of the IceCube detector for ultra-high energy electron-neutrino events." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15850.
Повний текст джерелаIceCube is a neutrino telescope currently under construction in the glacial ice at South Pole. At the moment half of the detector is installed, when completed it will instrument 1 km^3 of ice providing a unique experimental setup to detect high energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. In this work the sensitivity of the complete IceCube detector for a diffuse electron-neutrino flux is analyzed, with a focus on energies above 1 PeV. Emphasis is put on the correct simulation of the energy deposit of electromagnetic cascades from charged-current electron-neutrino interactions. Since existing parameterizations lack the description of suppression effects at high energies, a simulation of the energy deposit of electromagnetic cascades with energies above 1 PeV is developed, including cross sections which account for the LPM suppression of bremsstrahlung and pair creation. An attempt is made to reconstruct the direction of these elongated showers. The analysis presented here makes use of the full charge waveform recorded with the data acquisition system of the IceCube detector. It introduces new methods to discriminate efficiently between the background of atmospheric muons, including muon bundles, and cascade signal events from electron-neutrino interactions. Within one year of operation of the complete detector a sensitivity of 1.5*10^-8 E^-2 GeV/(cm^2 sr s) is reached, which is valid for a diffuse electron-neutrino flux in the energy range from 16 TeV to 13 PeV. Including all neutrino flavors in this analysis, an improvement of at least one order of magnitude is expected, reaching the anticipated performance of a diffuse muon analysis.
Ablikim, Utuq. "Coulomb explosion imaging of polyatomic molecules after photoionization with X-rays and strong laser fields." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36252.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Physics
Daniel Rolles
Imaging the structures of molecules, understanding the molecular dynamics in onization and dissociation processes and, most importantly, observing chemical reactions, i.e. the making and breaking of chemical bonds in real time, have become some of the most exciting topics in the atomic and molecular physics. The rapid advances of experimental tools such as synchrotron radiation light sources, free-electron lasers and continuing advances of tabletop femtosecond ultrashort lasers that provide laser pulses at a variety of wavelengths have opened new avenues for understanding the structure of matter and the dynamics of the chemical interactions. In addition, significant improvements in computational techniques and molecular dynamic simulations have provided complementary theoretical predictions on structures and chemical dynamics. The Coulomb explosion imaging method, which has been developed and applied in many studies in the last three decades, is a powerful way to study molecular structures. The method has mostly been applied to small diatomic molecules and to simple polyatomic molecules. In this thesis, Coulomb explosion imaging is applied to study the structure of isomers, molecules that have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures. Specifically, by taking inner-shell photoionization as well as strong-field ionization approaches to ionize and fragment the molecules and by using coincidence electron-ion-ion momentum imaging techniques to obtain the three-dimensional momentum of fragment ions, structures of isomers are distinguished by using the correlations among product ion momentum vectors. At first, the study aims to understand if the Coulomb explosion imaging of geometrical isomers can identify and separate cis and trans structures. Secondly, in order to extend the application of the Coulomb explosion imaging method to larger organic molecules to test the feasibility of the method for identifying structural isomers, photoionization studiesof 2,6- and 3,5-difluoroiodobenzene have been conducted. In addition, using the full three-dimensional kinematic information of multi-fold coincidence channels, breakup dynamics of both cis/trans geometric isomers and structural isomers, and in particular, sequential fragmentation dynamics of the difluoroiodobenzene isomers are studied. Furthermore, for each study, Coulomb explosion model simulations are conducted to complement the experimental results. The results of the Coulomb explosion imaging reseach in this thesis paves the way for future time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging experiments aiming to understand the transient molecular dynamics such as photoinduced ring opening reactions and cis/trans isomerization processes in gas-phase molecules.
Tao, Li. "Measurement of the cosmic lepton and electron fluxes with the AMS detector on board of the International Space Station. Monitoring of the energy measurement in the calorimeter." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENY016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle detector installed on the International Space Station; it starts to record data since May 2011. The experiment aims to identify the nature of charged cosmic rays and photons and measure their fluxes in the energy range of GeV to TeV. These measurements enable us to refine the cosmic ray propagation models, to perform indirect research of dark matter and to search for primordial antimatter (anti-helium). In this context, the data of the first years have been utilized to measure the electron flux and lepton flux (electron + positron) in the energy range of 0.5 GeV to 700 GeV. Identification of electrons requires an electrons / protons separation power of the order of 104, which is acquired by combining the information from different sub-detectors of AMS, in particular the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), the tracker and the transition radiation detector (TRD). In this analysis, the numbers of electrons and leptons are estimated by fitting the distribution of the ECAL estimator and are verified using the TRD estimator: 11 million leptons are selected and analyzed. The systematic uncertainties are determined by changing the selection cuts and the fit procedure. The geometric acceptance of the detector and the selection efficiency are estimated thanks to simulated data. The differences observed on the control samples from data allow to correct the simulation. The systematic uncertainty associated to this correction is estimated by varying the control samples. In total, at 100 GeV (resp. 700 GeV), the statistic uncertainty of the lepton flux is 2% (30%) and the systematic uncertainty is 3% (40%). As the flux generally follows a power law as a function of energy, it is important to control the energy calibration. We have controlled in-situ the measurement of energy in the ECAL by comparing the electrons from flight data and from test beams, using in particular the E/p variable where p is momentum measured by the tracker. A second method of absolute calibration at low energy, independent from the tracker, is developed based on the geomagnetic cutoff effect. Two models of geomagnetic cutoff prediction, the Störmer approximation and the IGRF model, have been tested and compared. These two methods allow to control the energy calibration to a precision of 2% and to verify the stability of the ECAL performance with time
Engelbrecht, Monique. "The interaction between 6 MV X-rays and p(66)/Be neutrons with spherical gold nanoparticles to induce cellular damage." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5550.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the advances in therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, tumours have been shown to be resistant to the treatments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been recognized as effective radiosensitizers of low energy (e.g. 200–500 kV) X-rays, leading to the emission of Auger electrons that cause highly localised ionizing damage to cells. Spherical AuNPs were synthesised via the reduction of the chloroaurate ions by sodium citrate. Characterisation of AuNPs involved UV-visible spectrophotometry, zeta (Z) potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and polydispersity index (PDI) measurements for determination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface charge and stability, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for hydrodynamic core sizes, size distribution width and shape of AuNPs. Both the 5 and 10 nm AuNPs were found to be anionic with λmax absorbance of 525 nm and uniform size distribution. DLS measurement at 38.12 nm and 48.50 nm, respectively for 5 nm and 10 nm AuNPs, points to aggregation of the AuNPs. However, TEM measurements confirmed the core size of the 10 nm AuNPs. Non-malignant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1), brain endothelial (BEnd5), breast (MCF-10A), isolated human lymphocytes and malignant breast (MCF-7) cell lines were treated with 50 μg/ml of AuNPs, and irradiated with either 1, 2 or 4 Gy X-rays or 1 or 2 Gy p(66)/Be neutron radiation. The γ-H2AX foci assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, MTT assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to determine that amount of double stranded breaks (DSBs) in isolated lymphocytes, the presence and number of micronuclei (MNi) within binucleated cells (BNCs), cell viability and cell cycle progression, respectively. Preliminary experiments that established the reliability of the study regarding the induction of DNA damage after the bombardment of AuNPs by scattered low kV X-rays, were carried out on lymphocytes. Combined treatment (AuNPs and radiation) resulted in more endogenous foci in comparison to lymphocytes that were treated with AuNPs only. The CHO-K1 and MCF-7 cells showed higher MNi frequencies after the combination treatment of AuNPs and radiation compared to the number of MNi in samples exposed to AuNPs and radiation separately. The AuNPs alone influenced the cellular kinetics of all cell types. Interaction indices, which is the enhancement factor of AuNPs in combination with radiation, for AuNPs and 6 MV 2 Gy X-rays of 1.6 to 1.7 and 1.3 to 1.4 have respectively been determined for CHO-K1 and MCF-7 cells, whilst that for the other cell types used in the study were not different from Unity. As expected, the interaction indices between AuNPs and p(66)/Be neutrons was lower than the interaction indices after 2 Gy X-rays, as p(66)/Be neutrons interact only with the nuclei of the AuNP's atoms and the X-ray photons interact with the orbital electrons of the atoms of the AuNPs leading to Auger electron emission. The cell viability assay showed that 50 μg/ml of AuNPs had an inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation, in all four cell linnes whereas the lower concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml) had no effect. Results in this study, revealed an increase in the accumulation of CHO-K1 an MCF-7 cells in the G₂/M phase of the cell cycle after being treated with AuNPs followed by X-ray radiation, suggesting that the cells have possibly been sensitised to the damaging effects of radiation. Further studies are required to quantify internalised AuNPs and to then link the possible concentration differences of the AuNPs to differences in radiation damage effects observed for the different cell types.
Alpuche, Aviles Jorge Edmundo. "The Development and Validation of a First Generation X-Ray Scatter Computed Tomography Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Electron Density Breast Images Using Monte Carlo Simulation." Journal of X-ray Science and Technology, IOS Press, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4970.
Повний текст джерелаNndanganeni, Rendani Rejoyce. "Modelling of galactic cosmic ray electrons in the heliosphere / Nndanganeni, R.R." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
Way, Austin J. "Fabrication of a-Si and a-InGaN Photovoltaics by Plasma Sputtering." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1398270155.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Zhongming. "Diffraction studies of structure and growth of films absorbed on the AG(111) surface /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841195.
Повний текст джерелаCamacho, Garibay Abraham. "Dynamics of Highly Charged Finite Systems Induced by Intense X-ray Pulses." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-212203.
Повний текст джерелаHenningsson, Anders. "Ion Insertion into Electrode Materials Studied with X-Ray and Electron Spectroscopic Methods." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5268-X/.
Повний текст джерелаIwan, Bianca. "Creating and Probing Extreme States of Materials : From Gases and Clusters to Biosamples and Solids." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär biofysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180997.
Повний текст джерелаKurata, Ryohei. "Studies on Electronic Properties of Nitrogen-and Boron-Containing π-Electron Systems". Doctoral thesis, 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225623.
Повний текст джерела0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第20398号
工博第4335号
新制||工||1672(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻
(主査)教授 関 修平, 教授 今堀 博, 准教授 伊藤 彰浩, 教授 白川 昌宏
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)
Kyoto University
DGAM
Carlo, Hugo Lemes. "Influencia do conteudo volumetrico das particulas de cargas nas propriedades mecanicas de diferentes materiais de moldagem." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288141.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T16:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlo_HugoLemes_D.pdf: 4484901 bytes, checksum: b6c246e6e05cdf7633210adfa7b73c84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Baseado no entendimento incompleto de como o conteúdo de partículas de carga influencia nas propriedades mecânicas dos materiais de moldagem este estudo avaliou quantitativa e qualitativamente o conteúdo de partículas de carga inorgânicas presente em cinco marcas comerciais de alginatos (Jeltrate; Jeltrate Plus, Jeltrate Chromatic Ortho, Hydrogum e Ezact Krom) e nove marcas comerciais de siliconas de adição e/ou condensação nas consistências massa e/ou fluida (Clonage, Elite HD+ Light Body, Express Light Body, Flexitime, Optosil P Confort/Xantopren VL Plus, Oranwash L, Reprosil A+, Silon 2 APS e Virtual Extra Light Body). Foram realizados testes para determinar recuperação elástica e deformação sob compressão dos alginatos e dos elastômeros e estabelecer, dessa forma, uma correlação entre os resultados para partículas de carga e os testes mecânicos. O conteúdo volumétrico das partículas de carga foi determinado pesando-se as amostras submersas em água antes e após a queima das mesmas durante 3h a 450°C (alginatos) e a 600°C (siliconas). Quantidades determinadas de materiais não polimerizados foram lavadas em acetona e clorofórmio e recobertas com ouro para avaliação da morfologia e tamanho das partículas em M.E.V. A composição foi determinada por EDX. A recuperação elástica e a deformação sob compressão foram determinadas de acordo as especificações ? 1563 (alginatos) e 4823 (elastômeros) da ISO. O alginatos Jeltrate e Jeltrate Plus apresentaram os maiores valores médios para quantidade volumétrica de partículas de carga (%) enquanto o material Hydrogum apresentou os menores valores. A silicone de adição Flexitime Easy Putty apresentou os maiores valores de quantidade volumétrica de partículas, enquanto que a silicone de condensação Xantopren VL Plus apresentou os menores. As partículas de carga dos alginatos apresentaram-se, de forma geral, como objetos esféricos e com perfurações. O material Hydrogum apresentou forma de bastões cilíndricos e perfurados. As siliconas apresentaram morfologias variadas ¿ partículas trituradas, esféricas, esferóides, bastões cilíndricos perfurados e bastões misturados a partículas usinadas. O alginato Ezact Krom apresentou os maiores valores médios de tamanho de partícula, enquanto que o alginato Hydrogum as menores. A silicone de condensação Clonage massa apresentou os maiores valores médios de tamanho de partícula, enquanto a silicone de adição Elite HD os menores. A análise da composição das partículas apresentou o silício como o elemento em maior quantidade. Com relação aos resultados de recuperação elástica, o alginato Ezact Krom e as siliconas Reprosil A+ massa e Flexitime fluida apresentaram os maiores valores de recuperação elástica, enquanto o alginato Jeltrate Plus e as siliconas Optosil P Confort e Clonage fluida apresentaram os menores. Os resultados de deformação sob compressão foram maiores para o alginato Jeltrate Plus e para as siliconas Silon 2 APS massa e fluida. Os menores resultados foram apresentados pelo alginato Ezact Krom e as siliconas Reprosil A+ massa e Xantopren VL Plus. Todos os materiais estão em conformidade com a norma ISO ?1563, mas nem todos estão em relação à norma ?4823
Abstract: Based on the incomplete understanding on how filler features influence the properties of elastomeric impression materials, the purpose of this study was to determine the inorganic filler fraction and size of five commercially available alginates (Jeltrate; Jeltrate Plus, Jeltrate Chromatic Ortho, Hydrogum e Ezact Krom) and nine addition/condensation silicones using the putty/light consistence (Clonage, Elite HD+ Light Body, Express Light Body, Flexitime, Optosil P Confort/Xantopren VL Plus, Oranwash L, Reprosil A+, Silon 2 APS e Virtual Extra Light Body). A SEM/EDX analysis was done to qualitatively characterize the materials. Soon afterwards elastic recovery and strain in compression of the alginates and some the silicones was carried. The inorganic particles volumetric fractions were accessed by weighing a previously determined mass of each material in water before and after burning samples for 3 hours at 450ºC (alginates) and 600ºC (silicones). Unsettled materials were soaked in acetone and chloroform and sputter-coated with gold for SEM evaluation of fillers¿ morphology and size. The filler composition was determined by EDX. Elastic recovery and strain in compression tests were conducted according to ISO specification number 1563 and 4823. Jeltrate and Jeltrate Plus presented the highest mean values of percentage content of inorganic particles in volume, while Jeltrate Chromatic Ortho presented the lowest values. Flexitime Easy Putty was the silicone with the highest mean value, while Xantopren VL Plus had the lowest value. The alginate fillers presented a circular appearance with helical form and various perforations. Hydrogum fillers looked like cylindrical, perforated sticks. SEM pictures of the silicone inorganic particles showed numerous morphologies ¿ lathe-cut, spherical, spherical-like, sticks, and sticks mixed to lathe-cut powder. Ezact Krom was the alginate with the highest values for diameter size, while Hydrogum had the lowest. Clonage Putty showed the highest values, while Elite HD+ Light Body presented the lowest values. The component in higher concentration in the materials is silicon. The alginate Ezact Krom, and the addition cure silicones Reprosil A+ putty and Flexitime Correct Flow had the highest mean values of elastic recovery, while the alginate Jeltrate Plus and the condensation cured silicones Optosil P Confort and Clonage Putty presented the lowest values. Strain in compression test showed the alginate Jeltrate Plus and the condensation cured silicones Silon 2APS Putty and Fluid as the materials with the highest values. The alginate Ezact Krom and the silicones Reprosil A+ Putty and Xantopren VL Plus had lowest values. All materials are in conformity with the requirements of ISO specification number 1563, but not all materials are in conformity with the requirements of ISO specification number 4823
Doutorado
Materiais Dentarios
Doutor em Materiais Dentários
Chaudhry, M. A. "Electron and X-ray spectroscopy of electron-atom collisions." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379507.
Повний текст джерелаPiccinardi, Rita. "X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10286/.
Повний текст джерелаSILVA, NATALIA F. da. "Estabelecimento de um sistema padrão primário para raios X baixas com uma câmara de ionização de ar livre de energias." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26382.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T12:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Ray, Nicolas [Verfasser], and Oleg [Gutachter] Pankratov. "Phonon-induced electron scattering and electric conductivity in twisted bilayer graphene / Nicolas Ray ; Gutachter: Oleg Pankratov." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2018. http://d-nb.info/1152078976/34.
Повний текст джерелаChauchat, Anne-Sophie. "Étude de la production de rayonnement X par diffusion Compton sur l’installation ELSA." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112010/document.
Повний текст джерелаCompton scattering by collisions between relativistic electron beam and laser beam is a way to produce X-rays. Laser beam is seen as an undulator which gives electrons a periodic waved motion. This radiation emitted by electrons motion has some characteristics close to those of synchrotron radiation but can be produced by smaller machines. ELSA facility at CEA DAM DIF is a linear electron accelerator (17 MeV) running with a photoinjector and a laser (532 nm). Characteristics of electrons and laser beam are favourable to a Compton scattering X-rays experiment. Small interaction probability and small beam sizes (< 100 µm, 30 ps (LTMH)) require a careful optimization of spatial and temporal pulses covering. An aluminium bevel-edge allows visualizing beams with CCD and streak cameras. Imaging plates are used as < 11 keV X-rays detectors. These detectors are very sensitive to low signal-to-noise ratio at low energy and give the beam profile. The imaging plates were coupled with a photomultiplier to manage the yield in real time. Experimental results are confirmed by simulations
Cai, Zhongli. "DNA damage induced by secondary electrons and x-rays." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4204.
Повний текст джерелаBalducci, Lodovico. "Dynamics of hemeproteins by femtosecond X-ray techniques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S115.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, the development of time resolved X-ray techniques has added the time dimension to structural biology studies, and have proven to be great tools to track proteins during the course of a reaction, or a specific conformational change. In particular the 4th generation X-ray sources (so called X-ray Free-Electron Lasers), with femtosecond pulses and extremely high fluences, are capable of probing ensembles of molecules essentially frozen in time under physiological conditions. After an overview of the past studies in the field, a basic introduction of the used techniques, the description of the experimental set-up and the flow of data reduction are presented. The last two chapters are devoted to present the results obtained during two separate sets of experiments, conducted at the XPP beamline of the Linac Coherent Light Source (SLAC, Menlo Park, CA, USA), to study the protein's structural changes, upon prototypical photo-dissociation reaction of carbon monoxide from heme proteins. During the first experiment, the global structural modification of three heme proteins has been probed by means of time resolved scattering technique, in order to observe eventual differences in the so called “protein-quake” depending on the protein's structure. In the second experiment, the active site of myoglobin was probed, during the same reaction, by X-ray absorption. The time resolved XANES spectra have been compared with theoretical calculations, in the framework of the multiple scattering theory, in order to retrieve a detailed picture of the ultra-fast dynamics. A further small side-project dealt with the precise measurement of static scattering patterns of carboxy hemoglobin with the goal of defining its multiple equilibrium structures by comparison with linear combinations of known crystallographic structures. In conclusion, in this Ph.D. thesis we tried to add some small pieces in the understanding of ultra-fast proteins dynamics by applying both standard (Guinier) and almost unexplored (multiple scattering calculations on time resolved data) analysis methods: depending on the system and the level of details required, these methodologies, here applied on model systems, can be considered excellent tools for further research on more complicated proteins
Dupuy, Rémi. "Photon and electron induced desorption from molecular ices Spectrally-resolved UV photodesorption of CH4 in pure and layered ices The efficient photodesorption of nitric oxide (NO) ices : a laboratory astrophysics study X-ray photodesorption from water ice in protoplanetary disks and X-ray-dominated regions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS068.
Повний текст джерелаThe deposition of energy in the form of electronic excitations in molecules condensed on cold surfaces (10-100 K) can lead to the desorption of some of these molecules. This basic surface science process has consequences in a variety of fields, two of which are of concern here : astrochemistry and vacuum dynamics. Photon and Electron-Induced desorption are studied in this manuscript for thin films of condensed molecules (ices), e.g. CO, H2O, NO or CH4. The first objective is to obtain a quantification of the desorption of the various desorbing species, and to look for the parameters that affect the efficiency of the process. The second objective is to understand the mechanisms of evolution and relaxation of the initial electronic excitations that lead to desorption. Photon-induced desorption is studied at LERMA using synchrotron radiation in the VUV range (5-14 eV) and soft X-ray range (520-600 eV). This allows to obtain spectrally-resolved information, which is crucial both for model implementation and fundamental understanding of the mechanisms. Electron-induced desorption is studied at CERN in the 150-2000 eV range. The results expand the available data on UV photodesorption and allow to determine the relevance of electron or X-ray desorption for astrochemistry. Progress has also been made on the understanding of mechanisms, particularly on the role of energy or particle transport from the bulk to the surface of the ice, on indirect desorption, or on the desorption of ions in the soft X-ray range. A new experimental set-up has also been developed at LERMA for laser desorption and laser spectroscopy experiments, allowing quantum-state and kinetic energy resolved measurements of desorbed molecules
Williams, Andrew James. "A water calorimeter for high energy x-rays and electrons." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394541.
Повний текст джерелаChervy, Pierre. "Caractérisation biophysique des interactions entre le Lanréotide et des membranes lipidiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS306.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to characterize the interaction between the Lanreotide – a dicationic octapeptide – and membranes composed of lipids. Even if the peptide is very soluble, it has self-assembling properties. Above the critical concentration – which is sensitive to both temperature and ionic strength – the peptide self-assembles into nanotubes whose structure has been solved by the team. The present work is divided into two parts: on one side the study of the interaction of the Lanreotide with anionic membranes, on the other one the study of the interaction of the Lanreotide with neutral membranes.We adopted a structural approach to characterize the membrane-peptide mixture: X-ray scattering, vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), electron microscopy (negative staining and freeze-fracture) ; we also used a quantitative approach (ultrafiltration and peptide quantification) in order to determine the stoichiometry of the interaction. In the presence of anionic lipids, the peptide interacts with membranes until its saturation. This interaction, which is not abolished at high ionic strength (2M NaCl or phosphate), induces the self-assembly of the peptide at the surface of the membrane. This phenomenon generates mixed self-assemblies composed of a stack of peptide bilayers sandwiched by lipids bilayers. These stacks wrap into an Archimedian spiral which is a regular spiral with a constant step. In these mixed assemblies, the peptide is organized in a new architecture compared to the self-assemble nanotubes. This new structure has been characterized and solved in this study.In the case of neutral membrane-Lanreotide mixture, the peptide partitions between water and lipids. This observation suggests that in this condition the peptide is able to cross the membranes. The peptide-membrane interaction also decreases the critical concentration of the peptide
Carducci, Michael David. "High-resolution probes of electronic states: Magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy and electron density distributions by x-ray diffraction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186908.
Повний текст джерелаHess, Robert. "Electron transport modelling in X-ray tubes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/970/.
Повний текст джерелаOgata, Daniela Yuri. "Efeito do tratamento superficial na devitrificação e dissolução da silica vitrea." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264852.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho procurou-se investigar a influência do tratamento da superficie (tensão/rugosidade provocado pelo processo de desbaste com pó abrasivo) na devitrificação e na dissolução da sílica vítrea. Para tanto, utilizou-se de métodos de caracterização de materiais, tais como difratometria de raios-X, espectroscopia de infravermelho, microscopia óptica e eletrônica e espalhamento de raios-X a baixo ângulo. Para o estudo da influência do tratamento superficial na devitrificação, os resultados de difração de raios-X e microscopia, mostraram que a devitrificação possui forte correlação com o tratamento superficial da sílica vítrea, onde amostras com maior rugosidade, apresentaram também uma maior devitrificação em comparação à outra com menor rugosidade. A dissolução da sílica vítrea por ácido fluorídrico ("etching") também foi estudado, e os resultados mostraram que a taxa de dissolução é dependente da rugosidade superficial, concentração do ácido e tempo de "etching". Resultados adicionais mostraram a formação de cavidades arredondadas na forma de "larvas" (padrão superficial) após "etching". Após um tempo de "etching" entre 33 e 88 horas, as amostras apresentaramum padrão superficial semelhante a "grãos" e no interior dos "grãos", outros "sub-grãos" da ordem de 4-10 'mu¿m, que denotam a existência de microtensões na estrutura amorfa. Neste trabalho, este resultado inédito foi denominado "grão ou sub-grão amorfo", que podem estar relacionados com heterogeneidades em nível atômico da estrutura da sílica vítrea
Abstract: The effect of surface stress and roughness, produced by polishing process with abrasive powder, was investigated on the devitrification and dissolution of silica glass. The characterization studies of the silica glass treated by grinding, polishing and etching and their effect on the devitrification were conducted by X-ray diffraction, optical and electronic microscopy, inftared spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. The samples were heat treated at 1250°C for a period of 15 min and 150 mino X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy observation showed more intense devitrification effect into a-cristobalite for higher degree of surface roughness, and the samples treated with HF etching presented the lowest devitrification effect. The silica glass surfaces exposed to the furnace atmosphere (air) presented a much bigger crystallization effect, inversely to the bottom surface in contact with a silica base. The dissolution of silica glass by chemical etching (HF solutions) was studied, and the results showed that dissolution rate is dependent on the surface roughness, HF concentration and etching time. For example, the dissolution rate of samples treated with SiC #320 and 'Ce IND. 2¿¿O IND. 3¿, were estimated as 0.16 'mu¿m/min and 0.14 'mu¿m/min, respectively. The results showthat sampleswith longtime etching(~1000 min) revealed grain-like etch pattern of 4 to 10 11min diameter, which suggests reveals the existence of micro-stress in the amorphous structure. This "amorphous grains or sub-grains" might be correlated with atomic into inhomogeneities of amorphous silica structure
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Nunes, Claudia Carvalho. "Propriedades estruturais do material vitreo silica-titania produzido pelo metodo do aerosol em chama." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264844.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O sistema binário sílica titânia, SiO2-TiO2,apresenta grande interesse tecnológico devido as suas propriedades: ultra-baixo coeficiente de expansão térmico e alto índice de refração. As propriedades são dependentes da quantidade de dopante presente no material. A SiO2-TiO2 é usada na indústria de componentes fotônicos, tais como, lentes, micro-lentes, espelhos e fibras ópticas especiais. Um importante material óptico para litografia no extremo ultravioleta (EUVL) é caracterizado por concentrações próximas a 8 % em peso de TiO2, com estrutura amorfa e transparente num amplo espectro da região UV, visível e IV. A indústria óptico-eletrônica necessita de fibras ópticas sensoras com alto índice de refração. Este tipo de fibra pode ser obtido através da fabricação de uma fibra de SiO2-TiO2. Amostras com concentrações que variam de 1 a 14 % em peso TiO2 fabricadas pelo método do aerosol em chama foram caracterizadas quanto a suas propriedades estruturais e ópticas. As amostras com concentrações superiores a 7,5 % em peso apresentaram-se translúcidas ou opacas, e com estrutura octaédrica segundo dados de XANES (Absorção de Raios-X próximo à estrutura da borda). A difração de raios-X identificou a fase anatásio da titânia como estrutura octaédrica. Através de tratamentos térmicos a altas temperaturas em chama (> 1500 ºC) obtivemos amostras transparentes no visível, amorfa, contendo 8,2 % em peso. Foi obtido um material com índice de refração de 1,48 para concentração de 10 % em peso de TiO2. Portanto a SiO2-TiO2 é viável para a fabricação de uma fibra com alto índice de refração
Abstract: The binary SiO2-TiO2 system presents a great technological importance due to its special properties: ultra low thermal expansion and high refractive index. The properties depend on the amount of dopant present in material. The SiO2-TiO2 is used for the components of photonic industries, such as lenses, mirrors and special fiber optics. As an important optical material for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), it is characterized by concentrations of ~ 8 wt. % of TiO2, with amorphous structure and transparent for a large UV, visible and IR spectra. The optoelectronic industries needs optical fiber sensor that presents high refractive index. This kind of fiber can be produce by SiO2-TiO2 fiber production. Samples with concentrations varying in the range 1 to 14 wt. % TiO2 made by flame aerosol technique were characterized in terms of structural and optical properties. As-consolidated samples with concentrations up to 7.5 wt. % TiO2 presented itself translucent or opaque with octahedral structure, according to XANES data (X-ray absorption near-edge structure). The anatase phase of titania was identified by X-ray diffraction patterns. However, by high temperature flame heat treatments (> 1500 ºC), it was possible to obtain transparent SiO2-TiO2 materials in the visible range with concentration up to 8.2 wt. % TiO2. The material presents refractive index 1.48 with concentration about 10 wt. % TiO2. Therefore SiO2-TiO2 is feasible to fibers fabrication with high refractive index
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Lorentzen, Kirsten. "Duskside relativistic electron precipitation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6839.
Повний текст джерелаSuchánek, Jan. "Elektronový ray tracer." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403130.
Повний текст джерелаCheung, Loi-ning. "Light and electron microscopic study of the mandibular joint in the rat." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628326.
Повний текст джерелаSMITH, MARK SCOTT. "THE FORMULATION OF THE STREAMING RAY METHOD FOR ELECTRON TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS IN TWO DIMENSIONS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184222.
Повний текст джерелаOreper, Daniel (Daniel G. ). "High resolution in-vivo electrode localization using microfocal X-rays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37082.
Повний текст джерелаStatement of responsibility "by Daniel Oreper" taken from abstract, p. 1. Leaf 109 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 108).
Neuroscientists lack the ability to perform in-vivo electrode localization with high accuracy, especially in deep brain structures. The design, implementation and testing of a microfocal x-ray stereo system that offers an efficient, accurate, and relatively low-cost solution this localization problem is presented. The results indicate the ability to localize a targets to within -50 microns, in a brain-tissue-based frame. This accuracy is approximately twice as good as than the existing gold standard in electrophysiology (microlesions), and, unlike the microlesion method, the stereo microfocal x-ray method has important advantages. In particular, while only tens of neuronal recording sites can be reliably reconstructed with the microlesion method, microfocal x-ray method can be repeatedly performed to accurately estimate an essentially unlimited number of serial penetrations, and the localization results are available in nearly real time without animal sacrifice.
M.Eng.and S.B.
Lemos, Ana Cláudia Cavalcante Espósito [UNESP]. "Estudo histomorfométrico, ultraestrutural e da expressão de Wnt1, WIF-1 e ASIP na pele com melasma em comparação com a pele sã perilesional e retroauricular." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151232.
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Fundo de Apoio à Dermatologia de São Paulo (FUNADERSP)
O melasma é hipermelanose crônica e adquirida decorrente de um complexo processo que envolve hipertrofia melanocítica e disfunção melanogênica. Acomete preferencialmente o sexo feminino e as lesões ocorrem nas áreas fotoexpostas, especialmente a face. Sua patogênese não é bem compreendida e os estudos clássicos avaliam apenas pele acometida e perilesional, mas pouco se sabe do comportamento da pele fotoprotegida, submetida aos mesmos fatores sistêmicos e genéticos. Neste estudo, objetivamos avaliar características histológicas, vias epidérmicas que influem na melanogênese (Wnt e ASIP) e características ultraestruturais da pele com melasma em comparação com a pele sã adjacente e retroauricular. Para a execução deste estudo transversal com controle intra-sujeito, foram coletadas três biópsias cutâneas (punch 3 mm) de onze mulheres com melasma facial. As áreas de coleta foram a pele com melasma, pele sã adjacente (distando no máximo 2 cm do limite da lesão) e pele retroauricular ipsilateral. Os fragmentos provenientes de dez participantes foram corados por hematoxilina-eosina, ácido periódico de Schiff, Fontana-Masson, picrosirius red, azul de toluidina e Verhöff; imunomarcados para CD34 e submetidos à imunofluorescência direta (IFD) de dupla marcação para proteínas Wnt1, WIF-1 e ASIP. Já os três fragmentos de uma das participantes foram processados para Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET). Os dados obtidos foram comparados entre as topografias por modelo linear generalizado de efeitos mistos. As participantes eram fototipo III ou IV de Fitzpatrick, com idade média (desvio-padrão) de 42,9 (8,9) anos e apresentavam lesões há 16,7 (7,9) anos. Houve adelgaçamento da camada córnea na pele com melasma e na pele adjacente. Na pele com melasma houve maior compactação da córnea, maior pigmentação melânica epidérmica, maior heterogeneidade do colágeno, elastose solar, maior número de mastócitos, falhas da integridade da zona da membrana basal, melanócitos em pêndulo, bem como maior celularidade e vasos na derme superficial. IFD evidenciou maior intensidade de marcação de Wnt1 na pele com melasma em relação à pele adjacente e maior intensidade na pele retroauricular em relação à pele sã adjacente. Não houve diferença estatística significativa na intensidade de marcação de WIF-1 e ASIP entre as topografias. À MET, houve maior dano estrutural na lâmina lúcida no melasma, bem como maior número de melanossomas maduros e organelas citoplasmáticas nos melanócitos e queratinócitos basais. Tais resultados evidenciam que a pele com melasma apresenta, além da hipertrofia melanocítica, alterações na barreira epidérmica, na derme superior, zona de membrana basal e maior ativação da via Wnt, que diferem da pele fotoexposta adjacente e da retroauricular, configurando um fenótipo individualizado e não somente uma extensão do fotoenvelhecimento ou do envelhecimento intrínseco.
Melasma is a chronic and acquired hypermelanosis resulting from a complex process which involves melanocytic hypertrophy and melanogenic dysfunction. Melasma mainly affects females and lesions occur in the photoexposed areas, especially the face. Its pathogenesis is not well understood, and classical studies evaluate only the affected and perilesional skin, but little is known about the behavior of the non-sun-exposed skin, subjected to the same systemic and genetic factors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate histological features, epidermal pathways that influence melanogenesis (Wnt and ASIP) and ultrastructural characteristics of the skin with melasma in comparison to healthy adjacent and retroauricular skin. For the execution of this cross-sectional study with intrasubject control, three skin biopsies (punch 3 mm) were collected from eleven women with facial melasma. The areas of collection were the skin with melasma, adjacent healthy skin and retroauricular skin. Fragments from ten participants were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid from Schiff, Fontana-Masson, picrosirius red, toluidine blue and Verhöff; immunomarked for CD34 and subjected to double-labeled direct immunofluorescence (DIF) for Wnt1, WIF-1 and ASIP proteins. The three fragments of one of the participants were processed for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The data obtained were compared between topographies by generalized linear model of mixed effects. Participants were Fitzpatrick's phototype III or IV; the mean age (standard deviation) was 42.9 (8.9) years and they had lesions for 16.7 (7.9) years. There was thinning of the corneal layer on the skin with melasma and adjacent skin. In the skin with melasma, there was more corneal compaction, greater epidermal melanic pigmentation, greater collagen heterogeneity, solar elastosis, more mast cells, defects of the basement membrane area, pendulum melanocytes, as well as greater cellularity and vessels in the superficial dermis. DIF showed a greater intensity of Wnt1 marking in the skin with melasma in relation to the adjacent skin, and greater intensity in the retroauricular skin in relation to the adjacent healthy skin. There was no significant statistical difference in the intensity of WIF-1 and ASIP marking between topographies. At TEM, there was more structural damage to the lamina lucida in melasma, as well as more mature melanosomes and cytoplasmic organelles in melanocytes and basal keratinocytes. These results show that melasma skin presents, in addition to melanocytic hypertrophy, alterations in the epidermal barrier, upper dermis, basement membrane zone and greater activation of the Wnt pathway, which differ from adjacent and retroauricular photoexposed skin, forming an individualized phenotype and not only an extension of photoaging or intrinsic aging.
Батіщев, А. С. "Дослідження взаємодії гармонік дифракційно-черенковського випромінювання у багатозв’язних квазіоптичних системах з періодичними неоднорідностями". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87400.
Повний текст джерелаTarbutt, Michael Roy. "Spectroscopy of few-electron highly charged ions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365339.
Повний текст джерелаSkoglund, Lindberg Peter Anders. "Electron-Impact Liquid-Jet Water-Window X-ray Sources." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-28622.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20110119
Louca, P. "From X-ray structure factors to electron-density distributions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374638.
Повний текст джерелаHicks, Leon James. "X-ray spectroscopy and electron microscopy of planetary materials." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31986.
Повний текст джерела