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Статті в журналах з теми "Electron beam sintering"

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Burdovitsin, Victor, Edgar S. Dvilis, Aleksey Zenin, Aleksandr Klimov, Efim Oks, Vitaliy Sokolov, Artem A. Kachaev, and Oleg L. Khasanov. "Electron Beam Sintering of Zirconia Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 872 (December 2013): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.872.150.

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Анотація:
The work demonstrated the sintering of zirconium dioxide ceramics by means of an electron beam produced by a plasma-cathode e-beam source operating at fore-vacuum pressure. The sintered ceramics consist of tetragonal-modified zirconium dioxide with grain size from 0.7 to 10 micrometers, depending on the sintering conditions. At constant sintering temperature, the density of the material and its grain size depend on the integrated energy injected into the sintered material by the electron beam.
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2

Sun, Chen-Nan, Mool C. Gupta, and Karen M. B. Taminger. "Electron Beam Sintering of Zirconium Diboride." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 9 (April 14, 2010): 2484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03832.x.

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3

Milberg, J., and M. Sigl. "Electron beam sintering of metal powder." Production Engineering 2, no. 2 (March 4, 2008): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-008-0088-2.

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4

Klimov, A. S., I. Y. Bakeev, and A. A. Zenin. "Electron beam sintering of Mn-Zn ferrites using a forevacuum plasma electron source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012050.

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Анотація:
Abstract The article presents the results of electron beam sintering without applying pressure of Mn-Zn ferrites in an oxygen environment. Samples for sintering were made from fine powders and pressed at various pressures into compacts in the form of disks. Measurements of the elemental composition and structure of the sample after sintering are presented. It is shown that the result of sintering depends on the pressing pressure of compacts, time and temperature of sintering.
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5

Neronov, V. A., A. P. Voronin, M. I. Tatarintseva, T. E. Melekhova, and V. L. Auslender. "Sintering under a high-power electron beam." Journal of the Less Common Metals 117, no. 1-2 (March 1986): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90065-2.

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6

Klimov, A. S., I. Y. Bakeev, and A. A. Zenin. "Influence of electron-beam heating modes on the structure of composite ZrO2-Al2O3 ceramics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012049.

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Abstract The article presents the results of electron beam sintering of composite ceramics based on Al2O3 and ZrO2 powders. Samples were made with different contents of Al2O3 and ZrO2 components and different pressing pressures. Sintering was carried out in vacuum at a helium pressure of 30 Pa. An electron beam generated by a forevacuum plasma electron source was used for sintering. It is shown that the sintering result depends on the pressing pressure and the percentage of components. The influence of the geometry of the samples and their composition on the temperature drop over their volume during sintering has been determined.
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7

De Riccardis, Maria Federica, Daniela Carbone, Emanuela Piscopiello, Antonella Rizzo, and Marco Vittori Antisari. "Sintering of EPD Ceramic Coatings by Electron Beam." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1200–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1200.

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In order to obtain wear resistant coating as well as thermal barrier on metallic substrates by EPD, the conventional high temperature treatments are inapplicable; so we used an alternative method to densify and make the electrophoretic deposit more adherent. In this work we described a novel method to obtain EPD deposits with good density and adherence to stainless steel substrate. At first, we achieved stabilized alumina and alumina-zirconia based suspensions; to improve the adhesion of ceramic coating on metal, some stainless steel substrates were sandblasted, others were coated with titanium bond layers. Then the substrates were coated by EPD; finally, we used the electron beam to treat the ceramic coating-metallic substrate system on the surface; in this way we obtained adherent and dense EPD coatings. In order to evaluate the quality and the microstructure of the coating sintering, the samples were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy; pull tests showed the adhesion of treated EPD coating was about one hundred times higher than that of deposited EPD coating.
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8

Klimov, A. S., I. Yu Bakeev, E. S. Dvilis, E. M. Oks, and A. A. Zenin. "Electron beam sintering of ceramics for additive manufacturing." Vacuum 169 (November 2019): 108933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.108933.

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9

Klimov, Aleksandr, Ilya Bakeev, Efim Oks, and Aleksey Zenin. "Electron Beam Sintering of Composite Al2O3-ZrO2 Ceramics in the Forevacuum Pressure Range." Coatings 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020278.

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Анотація:
We describe our investigations of electron beam sintering of multilayer ZrO2-Al2O3 composite ceramics in the forevacuum pressure range (~30 Pa). To generate the electron beam, a plasma-cathode electron source operating in the forevacuum pressure range was used; this kind of source provides the capability of direct processing of non-conducting materials. We studied the effect of electron beam sintering on the temperature drop with sample depth for different layer thicknesses and determined the optimal layer thickness to ensure minimal temperature drop. We show that in order to minimize the temperature difference and improve the sintering, it is necessary to take into account the thermophysical parameters of the sintered materials. Forming a layered structure taking into account the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the layer materials allows a reduction in the temperature gradient by 150 °C for samples of 3 mm thickness.
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10

Kostenko, Valeria, Ivan Vasiliev, Sergey Shevelev, and Sergei A. Ghyngazov. "Two-Step Sintering of Zirconia Ceramics by Intense High-Energy Electron Beam." Materials Science Forum 970 (September 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.970.1.

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Анотація:
A comparative analysis of the efficiency of zirconia ceramics high-energy electron beam sintering by one-step mode and two-step mode sintering was performed for compacts prepared from commercial TZ-3Y-E grade and plasmo-chemical powders. The electron energy was 1.4 MeV. The samples were sintered in the temperature range of 1100–1300°C. The extent of influence of one-step and two-step sintering mode on the characteristics of sintered ceramics depends on the initial powders. Сorrectly chosen the temperature mode of two-step sintering (Ts1=1300°C t = 15 min, Ts2=1200°C t=1 h) leads to an increase of the density and microhardness values of ceramics relatively considered of results at one-step and two-step mode of sintering.
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11

Chen, Yu, Richard E. Palmer, and Jess P. Wilcoxon. "Sintering of Passivated Gold Nanoparticles under the Electron Beam." Langmuir 22, no. 6 (March 2006): 2851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0533157.

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12

Zaeh, Michael F., and Markus Kahnert. "The effect of scanning strategies on electron beam sintering." Production Engineering 3, no. 3 (June 11, 2009): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-009-0157-1.

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13

Surzhikov, A. P. "ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICABILITY OF PHYSICAL MODELS TO DESCRIBE DENSIFICATION OF LITHIUM FERRITE COMPACTS DURING SINTERING IN THE FIELD OF INTENSE ELECTRON BEAM." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 17, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020no2/138-145.

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The paper analyzes the possibility of describing the accelerated sintering of lithium-titanium compacts under high-power radiation effects in terms of classical physical models developed by Kuczynski and Johnson based on the kinetic analysis of ferrite compact densification. LiTi ferrites synthesized by ceramic technology in laboratory conditions were investigated. The first portion of the compacts was sintered in air in thermal ovens at 900–1100°C for 30 minutes at a heating rate of 900 °C/min. The second portion of the compacts was sintered in a similar mode but using a radiation-thermal method: the exposure to pulsed electron beam with energy of 1.5–2.0 MeV using the ILU-6 accelerator. The geometrical dimensions of the compacts were measured before and after sintering to determine shrinkage. Mathematical approximation of the experimental shrinkage data showed the discrepancy of both models to describe sintering of LiTi ferrite samples both under thermal sintering conditions and radiationthermal effect.
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14

Surzhikov, A. P., T. S. Frangulyan, S. A. Ghyngazov, I. P. Vasil’ev, and A. V. Chernyavskii. "Sintering of zirconia ceramics by intense high-energy electron beam." Ceramics International 42, no. 12 (September 2016): 13888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.05.198.

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15

Anikeev, Sergey G., Anastasiia V. Shabalina, Sergei A. Kulinich, Nadezhda V. Artyukhova, Daria R. Korsakova, Evgeny V. Yakovlev, Vitaly A. Vlasov, Oleg V. Kokorev, and Valentina N. Hodorenko. "Preparation and Electron-Beam Surface Modification of Novel TiNi Material for Medical Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104372.

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A new approach to fabricate TiNi surfaces combining the advantages of both monolithic and porous materials for implants is used in this work. New materials were obtained by depositing a porous TiNi powder onto monolithic TiNi plates followed by sintering at 1200 °C. Then, further modification of the material surface with a high-current-pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) was carried out. Three materials obtained (one after sintering and two after subsequent beam treatment by 30 pulses with different pulse energy) were studied by XRD, SEM, EDX, surface profilometry, and by means of electrochemical measurements, including OCP and EIS. Structural and compositional changes caused by HCPEB treatment were investigated. Surface properties of the samples during their storage in saline for 10 days were studied and a model experiment with cell growth (MCF-7) was carried out for the unmodified sample with an electron beam to detect cell appearance on different surface locations.
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16

Pasagada, Venkata Keerti Vardhan, Ni Yang, and Chengying Xu. "Electron beam sintering (EBS) process for Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and the comparison with traditional UHTC sintering and metal Electron Beam Melting (EBM) processes." Ceramics International 48, no. 7 (April 2022): 10174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.12.229.

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17

Sun, Yue, Bo Gao, Liang Hu, Kui Li, and Ying Zhang. "Effect of CeO2 on Corrosion Resistance of High-Current Pulsed Electron Beam Treated Pressureless Sintering Al-20SiC Composites." Coatings 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060707.

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Анотація:
In this paper, the effect of rare earth Ce on the corrosion resistance of Al-20SiC composites treated with high-current pulsed electron beams is investigated, and the corresponding corrosion mechanism is proposed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that cracks arise on the surface of Al-20SiC composites prepared by pressureless sintering. After electron beam treatment, the pores on the surface are reduced because of the filling of Al liquid. After adding CeO2 to Al-20SiC composites, the wettability between Al and SiC phases is improved, thus realizing metallurgical bonding of the two phases, and microcracks generated after HCPEB treatment are significantly eliminated. Glancing X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) results show that after electron beam treatment, aluminum grains tend to grow more favorably with the stable and dense crystal plane of Al(111), thus improving corrosion resistance. The electrochemical test results show that the corrosion current density decreases by one order of magnitude with increase in the number of pulses because of rare earth Ce compared to the initial Al-20SiC composite specimens, indicating that the corrosion resistance of the Al-20SiC-0.3CeO2 composite is improved. This is because rare earth not only eliminates microcracks, but also changes the type of corrosion from localized to uniform, thus improving corrosion resistance. The Al-based composite material modified by electron beam and rare earth has many potential applications and development prospects.
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18

Malyshev A.V., A. V. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF FERRITES DURING SINTERING IN RADIATION AND RADIATION-THERMAL CONDITIONS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no1/3-8.

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The studies of correlation between magnetic properties and microstructure were conducted on samples of lithium-substituted ferrite, sintered in radiation and radiation-thermal conditions. Radiation-thermal sintering was performed for compacts irradiated with a pulsed electron beam with energy of (1.5–2.0) MeV, beam current per pulse of (0.5-0.9) A, irradiation pulse duration of 500 μs, pulse repetition rate of (5–50) Hz, and compact heating rate of 1000 C/min. Sintering in thermal furnaces (T-sintering) was carried out in a preheated chamber electric furnace. The paper shows that magnetic induction does not depend on the ferrite grain size. In this case, the coercive force is inversely proportional to the grain size and depends on the intragranular porosity of ferrite samples. In contrast to thermal sintering, radiation-thermal sintering does not cause capturing of intergranular voids by growing grains and enhances coagulation of intragranular pores.
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19

Klimov, A. S., I. Yu Bakeev, E. M. Oks, V. T. Tran, and A. A. Zenin. "Electron beam sintering of gradient Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramics with the forevacuum plasma electron source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1488 (March 2020): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1488/1/012010.

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20

Liu, Yuzi, and Yugang Sun. "Environmental TEM Study of Electron Beam Induced Sintering of Ag Nanoparticles." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, S3 (August 2014): 1636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761400991x.

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21

Othman, Nur Ezzah Faezah, Yusof Abdullah, Hadi Purwanto, and Khairun Hafizah Zaini. "Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Morphology of Alumina Ceramic." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.142.

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There has been an increased interest in improving the properties of alumina ceramic to be used in nuclear applications. This paper focuses on the effect of electron beam irradiation on the morphology of alumina ceramic. Alumina ceramic pellet was prepared by compacting of fine alumina powder then subjected for sintering process at 1500oC for 2 hours using electrical heating furnace. Then, the pellets were irradiated with electron beam of total dose 200 kGy with vary of electron beam speed of 100kGy/pass and 25kGy/pass. Scanning Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope were used to observe the morphology of the sample. The results show that the irradiation changes the grain of the alumina ceramic due to bonding of particles caused by energy from electron beam especially at high speed. Furthermore, the surface roughness decreases after irradiation and become lower at low speed. Finer grain is obtained on the surface after irradiated at lower speed. The high energy of electron beam destroyed the particles during long contact period to the surface when low speed of electron beam is applied.
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22

Lysenko, Elena N., Anatoly P. Surzhikov, Andrey V. Malyshev, Vitaly A. Vlasov, and Evgeniy V. Nikolaev. "RADIATION-THERMAL METHOD FOR LITHIUM-ZINC FERRITE CERAMICS MANUFACTURING." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186106.5681.

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Анотація:
The structural and magnetic properties of lithium-zinc ferrite ceramics of Li0.4Fe2.4Zn0.2O4 composition, which was obtained under complex high-energy action based on the use of mechanical activation of Fe2O3-Li2CO3-ZnO initial reagents mixture in AGO-2C planetary mill and subsequent its heating to a sintering temperature of 1050 °C for 140 min by ELV-6 continuous electrons beam with an electron energy of 1.4 MeV, were investigated. X-ray phase analysis showed a broadening of diffraction peaks due to the decrease in the crystallite sizes and the increase in the values of microdeformation as a result of mechanical milling. It was established that preliminary mechanical activation of the initial reagents mixture in a planetary mill allows not only to accelerate the synthesis of ferrite materials, but also to combine the both technological stages of synthesis and sintering in one stage of radiation-thermal treatment, consisting in a heating of press-billets by a high-energy electron beam to a sintering temperature. Lithium-zinc ferrite ceramics, obtained by the radiation-thermal method, is characterized by high density and low porosity as well as high values of the specific magnetization and the Curie temperature.Forcitation:Lysenko E.N., Surzhikov A.P., Malyshev A.V., Vlasov V.A., Nikolaev E.V. Radiation-thermal method for lithium-zinc ferrite ceramics. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 69-75
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23

Klimov, A. S., I. Yu Bakeev, E. M. Oks, and A. A. Zenin. "Electron-beam sintering of an Al2O3 / Ti composite using a forevacuum plasma-cathode electron source." Ceramics International 46, no. 14 (October 2020): 22276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.05.306.

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24

Klimov, A. S., I. Yu Bakeev, and A. A. Zenin. "Influence of electron-beam processing mode on the sintering of alumina ceramics." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 597 (August 23, 2019): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/597/1/012070.

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25

Dvilis, E., O. Tolkachev, V. Burdovitsin, A. Khasanov, and M. Petyukevich. "Sintering of oxide and carbide ceramics by electron beam at forevacuum pressure." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 116 (February 2016): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/116/1/012029.

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26

Solodkyi, Ievgen, Iurii Bogomol, and Petro Loboda. "High-speed electron beam sintering of WC-8Co under controlled temperature conditions." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 102 (January 2022): 105730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2021.105730.

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27

Scarlett, Nicola Vivienne Yorke, Peter Tyson, Darren Fraser, Sheridan Mayo, and Anton Maksimenko. "Synchrotron X-ray CT characterization of titanium parts fabricated by additive manufacturing. Part I. Morphology." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 4 (June 17, 2016): 1006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516007359.

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Анотація:
Synchrotron X-ray tomography has been applied to the study of titanium parts fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). The AM method employed here was the Arcam EBM®(electron beam melting) process which uses powdered titanium alloy, Ti64 (Ti alloy with approximately 6%Al and 4%V), as the feed and an electron beam for the sintering/welding. The experiment was conducted on the Imaging and Medical Beamline of the Australian Synchrotron. Samples were chosen to examine the effect of build direction and complexity of design on the surface morphology and final dimensions of the piece.
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28

Liu, Rou-Jane, Peter A. Crozier, C. Michael Smith, Dennis A. Hucul, John Blackson, and Ghaleb Salaita. "In SituElectron Microscopy Studies of the Sintering of Palladium Nanoparticles on Alumina during Catalyst Regeneration Processes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, no. 1 (January 22, 2004): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927604040188.

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Анотація:
Sintering of a palladium catalyst supported on alumina (Al2O3) in an oxidizing environment was studied byin situtransmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the case of a fresh catalyst, sintering of Pd particles on an alumina surface in a 500 mTorr steam environment happened via traditional ripening or migration and coalescence mechanisms and was not significant unless heating above 500°C. After the catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of alkynes, TEM coupled with convergent beam electron diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis revealed that most of the Pd particles were lifted from the alumina surface by hydrocarbon buildup. This dramatically different morphology totally changed the sintering mechanism of Pd particles during the regeneration process. Catalytic gasification of hydrocarbon around these particles in an oxidizing environment allowed the Pd particles to move around and coalesce with each other at temperatures as low as 350°C. For catalysts heating under 500 mTorr steam at 350°C, steam stripped hydrocarbon catalytically at the beginning, but the reaction stopped after 4 h. Heating in air resulted in both catalytic and noncatalytic stripping of hydrocarbon.
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29

Yan, Wentao, Weixin Ma, and Yongxing Shen. "Powder sintering mechanisms during the pre-heating procedure of electron beam additive manufacturing." Materials Today Communications 25 (December 2020): 101579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101579.

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30

Chen, Chen, Hongbo Guo, Shengkai Gong, Xiaofeng Zhao, and Ping Xiao. "Sintering of electron beam physical vapor deposited thermal barrier coatings under flame shock." Ceramics International 39, no. 5 (July 2013): 5093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.12.005.

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31

Zandbergen, H. W., and J. H. C. Van Hooff. "Electron microscopic study of the sintering of metal particles in ZSM-5, due to the electron beam." Ultramicroscopy 21, no. 2 (January 1987): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(87)90141-0.

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32

Farraj, Y., M. Bielmann, and S. Magdassi. "Inkjet printing and rapid ebeam sintering enable formation of highly conductive patterns in roll to roll process." RSC Advances 7, no. 25 (2017): 15463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00967d.

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33

de Vasconcelos, G., R. Cesar Maia, Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo, R. Riva, N. A. S. Rodrigues, and F. C. Mello. "Laser Sintering of Greens Compacts of MoSi2." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.364.

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Анотація:
In this study, the results of the feasibility of sintering green compacts of metallic powder of MoSi2 by a CO2 laser beam as the heating source has been investigated. The main advantage of this technique is to promote a dense material in a reduced time when compared to the conventional sintering process. In order to sintering the MoSi2 powder, green compacts of 6mm of diameter and 1.6mm thickness were produced in a steel die in a uniaxial press at 100MPa and after, isostatic pressed at 350MPa. The micrograph of the samples exposed to the laser radiation performed by scanning electron microcopy (SEM) reveal the efficiency of the sintering process and the X-ray diffraction of the powders confirmed the presence of single phase after and before laser processing. The average microhardness of these compacts reached near to 700 Hv0.2 in the cross section to the laser irradiation, indicating the all sintering of the green compact.
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34

Костишин, В. Г., Р. И. Шакирзянов, А. Г. Налогин, С. В. Щербаков, И. М. Исаев, М. А. Немирович, М. А. Михайленко, М. В. Коробейников, М. П. Мезенцева та Д. В. Салогуб. "Электрофизические и диэлектрические свойства поликристаллов железо-иттриевого феррита-граната, полученных по технологии радиационно-термического спекания". Физика твердого тела 63, № 3 (2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.03.50586.230.

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In this paper the electrical and dielectric properties of polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet, obtained by the radiation-thermal sintering technology in a fast electron beam were investigated. Spectra of complex dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and conductivity were measured in the frequency range 25 – 1∙106 Hz. For comparison, DC resistance measurements were also performed. The temperature dependences of the above parameters were measured at frequencies of 1 kHz, 100 kHz in the range 25 - 300 °C. It is shown, that conduction activations energy, permittivity, loss tangent and resistance vary significantly from sintering temperature in the range of 1300 to 1450 °C. It is found that with an increase in the sintering temperature to 1450 °C, dielectric properties are the same as samples made by the traditional ceramic technology.
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35

Kim, Y. J., J. L. Shull та W. M. Kriven. "TEM characterization of the α' and β phases in polycrystalline distrontium silicate (Sr2SiO4)". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, № 1 (серпень 1992): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100122174.

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Two polymorphs, α' and β, are known to be major phases in pure distrontium silicate (Sr2SiO4) at atmospheric pressure. Fully dense pellets were fabricated by sintering chemically prepared powders in the temperature range of 900° to 1400°C for 1 to 5 hours. Their phases and microstructures were studied by TEM. At lower sintering temperatures such as 900°C, the major phase was orthorhombic α' (space group, Pmnb). The euhedral α' grains had a size of about 1 μm diameter (Fig. la). As the sintering temperature increased, the amount of monoclinic β phase (space group, P21/n) tended to increase. These β grains were usually irregular and twinned on {100}β or {001}β planes. Concentration of the electron beam on the grains gave rise to a disappearance of twins (Fig. lb).
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36

Drescher, Philipp, Mohamed Sarhan, and Hermann Seitz. "An Investigation of Sintering Parameters on Titanium Powder for Electron Beam Melting Processing Optimization." Materials 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9120974.

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37

Spencer, Julie A., Michael Barclay, Miranda J. Gallagher, Robert Winkler, Ilyas Unlu, Yung-Chien Wu, Harald Plank, Lisa McElwee-White, and D. Howard Fairbrother. "Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (November 15, 2017): 2410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.240.

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The ability of electrons and atomic hydrogen (AH) to remove residual chlorine from PtCl2 deposits created from cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2 by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is evaluated. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurements as well as thermodynamics calculations support the idea that electrons can remove chlorine from PtCl2 structures via an electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) process. It was found that the effectiveness of electrons to purify deposits greater than a few nanometers in height is compromised by the limited escape depth of the chloride ions generated in the purification step. In contrast, chlorine atoms can be efficiently and completely removed from PtCl2 deposits using AH, regardless of the thickness of the deposit. Although AH was found to be extremely effective at chemically purifying PtCl2 deposits, its viability as a FEBID purification strategy is compromised by the mobility of transient Pt–H species formed during the purification process. Scanning electron microscopy data show that this results in the formation of porous structures and can even cause the deposit to lose structural integrity. However, this phenomenon suggests that the use of AH may be a useful strategy to create high surface area Pt catalysts and may reverse the effects of sintering. In marked contrast to the effect observed with AH, densification of the structure was observed during the postdeposition purification of PtC x deposits created from MeCpPtMe3 using atomic oxygen (AO), although the limited penetration depth of AO restricts its effectiveness as a purification strategy to relatively small nanostructures.
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38

Queheillalt, Douglas T., Derek D. Hass, David J. Sypeck, and Haydn N. G. Wadley. "Synthesis of open-cell metal foams by templated directed vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 4 (April 2001): 1028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0143.

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Low-density, open-cell nickel base superalloy foams have been synthesized by a high-rate, electron beam-directed vapor deposition process and their mechanical properties evaluated. The deposition process uses an open-cell polymer foam template upon which is deposited a metal alloy coating. The electron beam evaporated flux was entrained in a rarefied transonic gas jet and propagated along the flow stream lines through the polymer structure. After vapor deposition, the polymer template was removed by low-temperature thermal decomposition. The resultant ultralightweight metal foams consisted of a three-dimensional open cell, reticulated structure possessing hollow triangular ligaments with relative densities of <3%. Their mechanical integrity was increased by either pressureless or transient liquid phase sintering. The mechanical properties of these ultralightweight metal foams were comparable to theoretical predictions for open-cell, reticulated foams.
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39

G, Kishan, and Rao B.V.S. "3D-Metal Printing Technologies: Comparative Study of the ‘Electron Beam Melting’ and ‘Selective Laser Sintering’." International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub 2, Special Issue ICIES 9S (November 3, 2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjash.2020.167.

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40

Oh, J.-M., B.-K. Lee, G.-S. Choi, H.-S. Kim, and J.-W. Lim. "Preparation of ultrahigh purity cylindrical tantalum ingot by electron beam drip melting without sintering process." Materials Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (May 2013): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284712y.0000000178.

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41

Klimov, A. S., I. Yu Bakeev, E. M. Oks, V. T. Tran, and A. A. Zenin. "Features of electron-beam sintering of Al2O3-Ti composite ceramics in the forevacuum pressure range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1488 (March 2020): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1488/1/012011.

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42

Shu, Changqing, Zhengjun Yao, Xiaolin Li, Wenbo Du, Xuewei Tao, and Hemei Yang. "Microstructure and wear mechanism of CoCrCuFeNiVx high entropy alloy by sintering and electron beam remelting." Physica B: Condensed Matter 638 (August 2022): 413834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2022.413834.

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43

Surzhikov, Anatoly P., Andrey V. Malyshev, Anna B. Petrova, and Elena A. Sheveleva. "Microstructure Formation of LiTiZn Ferrite Ceramics during Radiation-Thermal Sintering." Materials Science Forum 970 (September 2019): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.970.265.

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The effect of intensification of the compaction rate of ferrite compacts under irradiation conditions with a high-power electron beam both in the heating regime and in the isothermal stage of sintering was established. The compaction mechanisms of the compacts are different at each of these stages. The intensification of compaction at the non-isothermal stage in radiation-thermal conditions is due to processes involving the liquid phase. The role of bismuth oxide in the compaction of the material at the isothermal stage of sintering is unessential, but its influence is significant in recrystallization processes. Under of Ivensen’s phenomenology, compaction curves are explained by the deceleration of annealing of structural defects responsible for the fluidity of the material. Dislocations are the most probable type of defects, satisfying the detected regularities.
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44

Sinha, Ayush, Biswajit Swain, Asit Behera, Priyabrata Mallick, Saswat Kumar Samal, H. M. Vishwanatha, and Ajit Behera. "A Review on the Processing of Aero-Turbine Blade Using 3D Print Techniques." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6010016.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has proven to be the preferred process over traditional processes in a wide range of industries. This review article focused on the progressive development of aero-turbine blades from conventional manufacturing processes to the additive manufacturing process. AM is known as a 3D printing process involving rapid prototyping and a layer-by-layer construction process that can develop a turbine blade with a wide variety of options to modify the turbine blade design and reduce the cost and weight compared to the conventional production mode. This article describes various AM techniques suitable for manufacturing high-temperature turbine blades such as selective laser melting, selective laser sintering, electron beam melting, laser engineering net shaping, and electron beam free form fabrication. The associated parameters of AM such as particle size and shape, powder bed density, residual stresses, porosity, and roughness are discussed here.
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45

Henriques, Vinicius André Rodrigues, T. G. Lemos, Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo, Julia Faria, and Eduardo T. Galvani. "Titanium Nitride Deposition in Titanium Implant Alloys Produced by Powder Metallurgy." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.11.

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Titanium nitride (TiN) is an extremely hard material, often used as a coating on titanium alloy, steel, carbide, and aluminum components to improve wear resistance. Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) is a form of deposition in which a target anode is bombarded with an electron beam given off by a charged tungsten filament under high vacuum, producing a thin film in a substrate. In this work are presented results of TiN deposition in targets and substrates of Ti (C.P.) and Ti-13Nb-13Zr obtained by powder metallurgy. Samples were produced by mixing of hydrided metallic powders followed by uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing with subsequent densification by sintering between 900°C up to 1400 °C, in vacuum. The deposition was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere. Sintered samples were characterized for phase composition, microstructure and microhardness by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Vickers indentation, respectively. It was shown that the samples were sintered to high densities and presented homogeneous microstructure, with ideal characteristics for an adequate deposition and adherence. The film layer presented a continuous structure with 15m.
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46

Scarlett, Nicola Vivienne Yorke, Peter Tyson, Darren Fraser, Sheridan Mayo, and Anton Maksimenko. "Synchrotron X-ray CT characterization of titanium parts fabricated by additive manufacturing. Part II. Defects." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 4 (June 18, 2016): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516008018.

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Synchrotron X-ray tomography (SXRT) has been applied to the study of defects within three-dimensional printed titanium parts. These parts were made using the Arcam EBM®(electron beam melting) process which uses powdered titanium alloy, Ti64 (Ti alloy with approximately 6%Al and 4%V) as the feed and an electron beam for the sintering/welding. The experiment was conducted on the Imaging and Medical Beamline of the Australian Synchrotron. The samples represent a selection of complex shapes with a variety of internal morphologies. InspectionviaSXRT has revealed a number of defects which may not otherwise have been seen. The location and nature of such defects combined with detailed knowledge of the process conditions can contribute to understanding the interplay between design and manufacturing strategy. This fundamental understanding may subsequently be incorporated into process modelling, prediction of properties and the development of robust methodologies for the production of defect-free parts.
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47

Asghar, Muhammad Talal, Thomas Frank, and Frank Schwierz. "Failure Analysis of Wire Bonding on Strain Gauge Contact Pads Using FIB, SEM, and Elemental Mapping." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10142.

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Stacks consisting of titanium, platinum, and gold layers constitute a popular metallization system for the bond pads of semiconductor chips. Wire bonding on such layer stacks at different temperatures has extensively been investigated in the past. However, reliable information on the bondability of this metallization system after a high-temperature sintering process is still missing. When performing wire bonding after pressure sintering (at, e.g., 875 °C), bonding failures may occur that must be identified and analyzed. In the present study, a focused ion beam (FIB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental mapping are utilized to characterize the root cause of failure. As a probable root cause, the infusion of metallization layers is found which causes an agglomerate formation at the interface of approximately 2 μm height difference on strain gauge contact pads and possibly an inhomogeneous mixing of layers as a consequence of the high-temperature sintering process. Potential treatment to tackle this agglomeration with the removal of the above-mentioned height difference during the process of contact pad structuring and alternative electrical interconnect methodologies are hereby suggested in this paper.
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48

Yilmaz, Nihat, and Mevlüt Yunus Kayacan. "On The Relation Between Cooling Rate and Parts Geometry in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.43.

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Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), one of the laser powder bed additive manufacturing technologies produces solid metal parts from 3-D CAD data, layer by layer, by melting/sintering and bonding metal powders with a focused laser beam. In this processes isn&apos;t complete melting of powder particles in micro melt pools as well as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM). Thus some different stress conditions and defects occur depending on the temperature changes during manufacturing. In this study, this problems is investigated aspect cooling rate. Cooling rate affects the solidification process in the melting (sintering) process such as casting, welding, laser assisted processes. Therefore, it also affect part quality and properties. In the scope of study, it is tried to explain how occurring the internal stresses and distortions differ depending on the cooling rates of geometrically different parts in additive manufacturing. The residual stresses and deformations are analyzed by FEA to see relation with geometry (volume, area) to cooling rate for Ti6Al4V materials. Cube shaped samples at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm edge dimensions have analysed by using FEA. Besides 10mm cube sample is manufactured as solid and verified both as experimental and numerical. Based on the FEA results, cooling rate values are changed from 1.67 to 16.67. In conclusion, the reasons of the problems occurring during laser powder bed fusion are investigated in terms of the cooling rate in relation with the samples geometry.
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49

Lysenko, Vladimir, Dmitriy Trufanov, and Sergey Bardakhanov. "Separation of Gases by Nanoporous Ceramics." Siberian Journal of Physics 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2012-7-2-39-42.

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On basis of silica nanopowder «tarkosil» (produced by the authors through new technology of raw material evaporation by electron beam), the nanoporous ceramics with open porosity were used, and its separation properties were studied. For the ceramics, obtained at different sintering temperatures, their specific surface, porosity, and separation factor were determined. The obtained ceramics were applied for separation of four combinations of gases: He/Ar, He/N2, He/CH4, and N2/Ar. The possibility (using the created by the authors ceramics) of helium enrichment his mixtures with more heavy gases was shown
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50

Koresawa, Hiroshi, Hironobu Fujimaru, and Hiroyuki Narahara. "Improvement in the Permeability Characteristics of Injection Mold Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing and Irradiated by Electron Beams." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0097.

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This paper describes a metal mold with permeability fabricated by metal laser sintering with high-speed milling, which is an additive manufacturing method, and discusses the improvement in permeability. In this method, the sintered body is produced with gas exhaust tubes based on the porous structure. To maintain permeability, ensuring that the gas exhaust tube is not blocked is essential. Blockages may occur because of reasons such as the deformation of the gas exhaust tube due to the milling process during fabrication and generation of mold deposits within the gas exhaust tube during injection molding. In this research, by irradiating the surface of a sintered body, with a gas exhaust tube, by an electron beam, water repellency attributed to the reduction in surface free energy and recovery of permeability are confirmed. Further, in a fundamental experiment with an injection molding machine, the permeability of a permeable sintered body irradiated an electron beam increased by approximately 2.8 times as compared to the permeability of a sintered body that was not irradiated.
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