Дисертації з теми "Électromyographie de surface à haute densité"
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Dogadov, Anton. "Séparation des signaux de deux extenseurs des doigts à partir d'électromyogrammes de surface haute densité et modélisation biomécanique du mécanisme extenseur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe surface electromyographic signals (SEMG) are the electric signals, composed of electric potentials. These potentials are produced by the recruited motor units of an active muscle and captured by the surface electrodes. The SEMG signals are widely used in medicine, prosthesis control and biomechanical studies as an indicator of muscle activity.However, SEMG measurements are usually subjects of crosstalk or interference from nearby muscles. It appears when two or more muscles situated close to each other are active during a SEMG recording. An example of such muscles are the extensors of index and little finger, extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi, situated close to each other and creating a significant amount of mutual crosstalk when simultaneously active. The crosstalk causes precision decrease of SEMG-based estimation of muscle activations. Hence, the crosstalk-reducing problem must be preliminary solved before muscle activation evaluation.Once the activations of individual muscles are estimated from the mixture, they may be used as an input of a finger biomechanical model to calculate a fingertip force. These models usually contain an extensor mechanism of the finger, which is a structure, transmitting the force from the extensor muscles to the finger joints. This structure is often taken into account as a set of coefficients. However, there is a lack of study about how these coefficients vary with posture, applied force, and subject variability.The purpose of this work is to improve the finger force estimation from the crosstalk-contaminated signals for isometric tasks by extracting the activations of individual muscles and improving the finger biomechanical model.Firstly, the SEMG signals were recorded with high-density surface electromyographic (HD-EMG) electrode matrix. The extraction was based on classifying the detected potentials according their propagation direction and depth of originating motor unit.Secondly, a precise biomechanical model of the finger extensor mechanism was created, containing the principal tendons and ligaments. The algorithm of the model parametrization was proposed as well.The proposed methods of muscle activation estimation along with the created extensor mechanism model may be used for calculating the fingertip force and internal tissues deformations for normal or pathological fingers
Imrani, Sallak Loubna. "Evaluation of muscle aging using high density surface electromyography." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2647.
Повний текст джерелаWith the aging of the population, preserving muscle function is important to prevent loss of mobility and autonomy. Nowadays, the prevention of the muscle disease, sarcopenia, is a major concern and important risk factors such as older age as well as modifiable factors including low physical activity and unhealthy diet have been identified. Considering the growth of older populations and the decreased physical activity, which also includes young citizens, muscle quality awareness can be crucial in promoting a healthy aging process in our societies. Muscle functional assessments needs were expressed by researchers and clinicians, The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recommends defining sarcopenia as the presence of both low muscle mass and low muscle function (strength, and physical performance). For this purpose, we have developed a method for muscle aging evaluation, using an ambulatory and non-invasive technology, called high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG), through a clinical research project on five age categories (25 to 74 yrs.). We performed a comparative study with a complete and multimodal analysis of the rectus femoris, muscle involved in daily life motions, in order to reveal the promising potential of the HD-sEMG technique, compared to conventional clinical techniques, to detect early changes in the quality of muscle function impacted by aging and physical activity level. The clinical part of this thesis project was funded by a European grant, EITH Health. By analyzing both muscle contraction dynamics and intensity of the rectus femoris, our results showed that the HD-sEMG technique, was able to discriminate between the five age categories of healthy physically active subjects. More interestingly, the proposed HD-sEMG scores discriminated between active and sedentary participants, from the same age category(45-54 yrs.), in contrary to clinical parameters and others usual techniques (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, DXA and ultrasonography). In addition, these scores for sedentary participants from this age category were significantly closer to those of active participants from higher age categories (55-64 yrs. and 65-74 yrs.). This strongly suggests that sedentary lifestyle seems to accelerate the muscle aging process at both anatomical and functional level, and this subtle accelerated process can be detected by the HD-sEMG technique. These promising preliminary results can contribute to the development of an interesting tool for clinicians to improve both accuracy and sensitivity of functional muscle evaluation useful for prevention and rehabilitation to avoid the effects of unhealthy lifestyle that can potentially lead to sarcopenia. This can support also the actual public health concern alerted by Word Health Organization (WHO) regarding aging and sarcopenia, to promote healthy aging
Starck, Patrick. "Etude du frottement et du transfert commençants du polyéthylène haute densité (PEhd)." Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0002.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Cacqueray Benoit. "Dispositifs Géophysiques en Laboratoire Ondes de surface, traitement d'antennes et haute densité spatiale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849183.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Cacqueray Benoit. "Dispositifs géophysiques en laboratoire ondes de surfaces traitement d'antennes et haute densité spatiale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU027/document.
Повний текст джерелаSeismic exploration is a continuous innovation domain since more than one century. A significant part of the studies consists in separating the various waves propagating in the medium, especially surface waves. In the near-surface, surface waves are useful for tomography. Near-surface imaging becomes possible if they are well modelised. When exploration is dedicated to depth – meaning more than 95% of the seismic exploration business – the surface waves mainly hide body waves, which contains the informations related to the depth. Body and surface wave separation then becomes a fundamental task. In these situations, the surface waves can nevertheless be used to better know the near surface. It allows computing parameters usable to better the depth imaging. Research knew recent developments in this domain due to the recent impulsion given by the passive seismic imaging from ambient noise and the study of new acquisition designs with high spatial density. In parallel, the oil fields study for better exploitation is growing as a new industrial development axis. 4D (i.e. 3 spatial dilensions + time) imaging mastering becomes a key research activity, in which sub-surface parameters are estimated and monitored. This PhD thesis comes from the following remarks: - Despite rich works, surface waves are still an important research issue in seismic exploration. - Laboratory scale experiments know relatively few investigations, especially for high density acquisition design. The first step has been dedicated to the set up and the validation of a complete acquisition environment in the laboratory, adapted to surface wave study and high spatial density. Using Agar-agar phantoms, a mix of S body waves and Rayleigh surface waves comparable to the on-field P body waves and Rayleigh wave mix has been highlighted. Then, using array processing, wave separation has benne successfully demonstrated. After waves separation, it becomes possible to follow their arrival time variation in presence of surface and/or depth variation in the medium, as in reservoir monitoring conditions. A complete 4D study has been performed, allowing not only the arrival time monitoring but also amplitude and arrival and launch directions. A method has been proposed to compensate the near-surface spurious variations. An adaptation of the method on a field data set is then performed. Generally, velocity profiles on the field show weak velocities in the sub-surface. As a consequence, the various waves coming from the depth have weak and comparable incidences angles. Classical separation method using array processing are usually insufficient to work with such incidence angles set. For this reason, a complete part of this work has been dedicated to the study of high resolution algorithms in the frame of seismic exploration and their adaptation. At the end, taking advantage of the high spatial density allowed by the laboratory environment, a comparative study of two designs – the first one theoretically ideal but somewhat unrealistic and the second one more viable economically but less efficient – has been performed to address the scattered waves filtering issue. For the second design, a new filtering method has been proposed to enhance the scattered waves filtering
Zhang, Xiangdong. "Surface modification of Ti- and Ni-base alloys by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ008S.
Повний текст джерелаSurface modification of Ti and Ni base alloys by high current pulsed electron beam has been carried out with intentions of understanding of the modification in the melted layer and the mechanisms of deep hardening that both should depend on the nature of the material and its orientation. It was found that α’ or α’’ martensite has been formed on the treated titanium alloy surface. The cooling rate was estimated by using an empirical equation with the size of the prior-β grains in TA15 titanium alloys. The stress level induced by HCPEB treatment was experimentally estimated by using the triggering stress for stress-induced α’’ martensitic phase transformation. Epitaxial growth was observed in the surface melted layers of the HCPEB treated Ni-base single crystal superalloys AM1 (100) and AM1 (111). Significant difference in deep hardening between the AM1 (100) and AM1 (111) samples are also observed. A substrate hardened zone due to the presence of high density dislocations induced by the stress generated by the HCPEB treatment and a substrate soften zone due to the coarsening of the precipitates have been found. It was found crater density of the Ni-base single crystal superalloys is one or two orders of magnitude lower that of the previously studied metallic materials. Through examining the crater morphologies in details, three stages of the formation of craters have also been proposed
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Повний текст джерелаDe, cacqueray Benoit. "Dispositifs géophysiques en laboratoire ondes de surfaces traitement d'antennes et haute densité spatiale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864038.
Повний текст джерелаSadeghi, Vahid. "Effet des modifications de surface sur les propriétés morphologiques et mécaniques de composites à base de coquille de sarrasin et de polyéthylène." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69130.
Повний текст джерелаThis project focuses on the production and characterization of composites based on a thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene) and a natural fiber (buckwheat shells) as a valorization of the latter. The samples were prepared with three different compounds. The first part deals with untreated shells used directly in the polymer matrix. The second part deals with the shells treated (mercerization) before their introduction into the polymer matrix, while the final part deals with the shells treated with the addition of a coupling agent(polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride). All the samples were prepared at concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of buckwheat shells to compare with the matrix alone (0%). Plates were then made by compression molding to prepare the test specimens. The morphological (scanning electron microscopy), physical (density and hardness) and mechanical (tension, bending and impact) characteristics were measured on the samples produced. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that some mechanical and physical properties were improved, but only by using the alkali treatment in combination with the coupling agent. In general, the best results were obtained for a concentration of 30% by weight.
De, Grazia Marco. "Applications du rayonnement harmonique à l'interaction UVX-solide : dynamique de relaxation à haute densité d'excitation et endommagement de surface." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112321.
Повний текст джерелаNeuilly, François. "Caractérisations optique et électrique d'un plasma de chlore haute densité et effets des interactions plasma/surface en gravure silicium." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10118.
Повний текст джерелаGranier, Agnès. "Étude des décharges créées par onde de surface à moyenne et haute pression : application à l'analyse chimique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112177.
Повний текст джерелаThis report deals with the study of microwave discharges produced in argon gas by surface waves in the 20-760 Torr pressure range. Application to chemical analysis by emission optical spectroscopy is also investigated. First of all we study the propagation of a surface wave in bounded plasma in which the effective collision frequency for momentum transfer ν is higher than the excitation one. The axial electron density profile is determined from two diagnostic techniques, i. E. , phase variations of the wave field and Stark broadening of Hβ line. Then we deduce the discharge characteristics ν, Θ (maintaining power of an electron-ion pair) and Eeff (effective electric field for discharge sustaining) from the electron density profile. Then an energy balance of the discharge is developed. It explains the change of operating conditions in the 20-50 Torr range. At low pressure the discharge is governed by ambipolar diffusion whereas at high pressure, the electrons are mainly lost by volume recombination of Ar2+. Finally, we report on chemical analysis experiment of gases (optimum sensibility in found near 100 Torr) and of metallic solutions sprayed by a graphite oven. Performances of such a design and ICP plasma torches are compared
Etude de décharges microondes d'argon créées par onde de surface à moyenne et haute pressions (20-760 Torr) dans des tubes capillaires ainsi que leur utilisation pour l'analyse chimique par spectrométrie d'émission
Béland, Martin. "Estimation de paramètres structuraux des arbres dans une savane à partir de mesures LiDAR terrestre et d'imagerie à très haute résolution spatiale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2849.
Повний текст джерелаDarabi, Peyvand. "Propriétés de composites de polyéthylene haute densité et résidus de canne à sucre : effet de la délignification des fibres et d'un traitement de surface sur la résistance à la photo- et la bio-dégradation." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819083.
Повний текст джерелаDumont, Laure. "Etude du mécanisme moléculaire de l'inhibition de la protéine de transfert des esters de cholesterol (CETP) par son inhibiteur physiologique, l'apolipoprotéine CI." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU11.
Повний текст джерелаIn plasma, CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) promotes the transfer of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between distinct lipoprotein sub-populations. Under unfavorable conditions, CETP becomes pro-atherogenic. Apolipoprotein CI (apo CI), a potent physiological inhibitor of CETP, would act by decreasing the interaction between CETP and lipoproteins. In the present study, rabbit apo CI cDNA was cloned and sequenced for the first time and, unlike human apo CI, rabbit apo CI has virtually no capacity to block the CETP-mediated lipid transfer process. Future investigations in transgenic mouse and rabbit models will address the impact of human 34-54 C-terminal apo CI fragment, responsible for the inhibitory capacity of full-length protein, on lipoprotein profile and atherogenesis. Additional studies will be required to elucidate the molecular basis for dysfunctional rabbit apo CI
LACHAUX, Thierry. "Etude des effets de la haute pression sur la structure et la dynamique des flammes turbulentes de prémélange pauvre de méthane-air." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010401.
Повний текст джерелаBouaziz, Mohamed Ali. "Sécurité des réseaux d’adduction d’eau potable en présence de défaut superficiel sous l’effet du phénomène de coup de bélier." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0044/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe water crisis in the world and the shortage of water resources require good management of this precious resource. Good management requires, first and foremost, a reliable drinking water supply system with low leakage rate. Leakage caused by the rupture of pipes, fairly frequent phenomenon in urban areas, initiate from a pre-existing defect in the pipe wall. The initiation and propagation of the crack occur under environmental stress caused by passing vehicles, or it can happen brutally due to water hammer phenomenon. The severity of these phenomena depends on several parameters including the nature of the piping material. Polymeric materials such as HDPE, take a great part of the water transport market, thanks to their many qualities (reduced cost, ease of installation, flexibility), especially in secondary network distribution system. Currently, the use of this material in the supply networks (aqueducts) is booming but less studied in research works. The aim of the present work is to study the failure of high density polyethylene pipes for the supply of drinking water and their resistance to water hammer phenomenon. In order to address this issue, first we have characterized experimentally the mechanical fracture behavior of HDPE pipe. Then, we have developed a finite element calculation tool allowing the modeling of pipes subjected to internal pressure loads. As a result of this numerical study, we proposed a semi-empirical model linking the failure pressure to the size of pre-existing defects as well as the pipe dimensions. Finally, we applied the developed tools on an existing drinking water system. The behavior of HDPE pipe subjected to a water hammer phenomenon was analyzed
Abi, Akl Marie-José. "Propagation dans l'ionosphère en présence de turbulences : applications aux radars HF." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066374.
Повний текст джерелаHigh-frequency (HF: 3 MHz to 30 MHz) hybrid mode radar is a promising solution for continuous monitoring of sea and land areas up to 2000 km. This mode is a combination of the modes of operation of the sky wave and surface wave radars. When signal processing is performed on a slow target, the ionospheric irregularities degrade the Doppler-distance images. To take this phenomenon into account in simulation, a software module based on probabilistic models of the ionospheric clutter has been developed with the aim of simulating the spatial and temporal behavior of the ionosphere in radar processing.The final version of this module is based on Booker's electron density profile, randomly modified in space from the Shkarofsky power spectral density function. The temporal aspect has also been taken into account in the radar processing by applying to the random phase paths thus generated a low-pass filtering taking into consideration the TEC (Total Electron Content) variation. The sensitivity of the Doppler shift and distance spreading to the parameters of the power spectral density and the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter has also been studied. Finally, the synthesized images have been compared with the actual images obtained from an HF radar located in the South of France
Medard, Nicolas. "Elaboration par la technique des plasmas froids de nouveaux catalyseurs métallocène supportés par un film polymère." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009643.
Повний текст джерелаLes espèces réactives du plasma de dioxyde de carbone (ions, métastables,...) induisent une modification des propriétés physico-chimiques superficielles du polymère se traduisant principalement par une fonctionnalisation sous forme de groupements oxygénés. Une dégradation superficielle ainsi qu'une cristallisation et une réticulation sont également observées. La fonctionnalisation superficielle sous forme d'acides carboxyliques se produit suivant un mécanisme faisant intervenir les espèces actives CO2 du plasma. L'oxygène atomique (O3P et/ou O1D) créé lors de la décharge plasma apparaît largement responsable du processus de dégradation se caractérisant par l'apparition d'une faible rugosité en surface du matériau ainsi que par la formation de produits de faible masse.
La fixation du catalyseur métallocène (Ind2MCl2) a été réalisée par étapes successives sur le support de polyéthylène traité. L'existence d'une seule espèce catalytique liée à la surface de façon covalente permet la synthèse de polymères de distribution en masse étroite. La réutilisation du catalyseur supporté, sans perte notable d'activité, ni modification des caractéristiques du polymère synthétisé, est également montrée. Une modélisation moléculaire permet de définir la conformation méso comme étant d'un point de vue énergétique la plus stable et ce, de façon d'autant plus marquée que les interactions entre ligands aromatiques augmentent. La nature de la tacticité du polystyrène synthétisé est expliquée par la conformation du catalyseur supporté.
Al, Harrach Mariam. "Modeling of the sEMG / Force relationship by data analysis of high resolution sensor network." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2298/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems are complex System of Systems (SoS) that perfectly interact to provide motion. This interaction is illustrated by the muscular force, generated by muscle activation driven by the Central Nervous System (CNS) which pilots joint motion. The knowledge of the force level is highly important in biomechanical and clinical applications. However, the recording of the force produced by a unique muscle is impossible using noninvasive procedures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a way to estimate it. The muscle activation also generates another electric phenomenon, measured at the skin using electrodes, namely the surface electromyogram (sEMG). ln the biomechanics literature, several models of the sEMG/force relationship are provided. They are principally used to command musculoskeletal models. However, these models suffer from several important limitations such lacks of physiological realism, personalization, and representability when using single sEMG channel input. ln this work, we propose to construct a model of the sEMG/force relationship for the Biceps Brachii (BB) based on the data analysis of a High Density sEMG (HD-sEMG) sensor network. For this purpose, we first have to prepare the data for the processing stage by denoising the sEMG signals and removing the parasite signals. Therefore, we propose a HD-sEMG denoising procedure based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) that removes two types of noise that degrade the sEMG signals and a source separation method that combines CCA and image segmentation in order to separate the electrical activities of the BB and the Brachialis (BR). Second, we have to extract the information from an 8 X 8 HD-sEMG electrode grid in order to form the input of the sEMG/force model Thusly, we investigated different parameters that describe muscle activation and can affect the relationship shape then we applied data fusion through an image segmentation algorithm. Finally, we proposed a new HDsEMG/force relationship, using simulated data from a realistic HD-sEMG generation model of the BB and a Twitch based model to estimate a specific force profile corresponding to a specific sEMG sensor network and muscle configuration. Then, we tested this new relationship in force estimation using both machine learning and analytical approaches. This study is motivated by the impossibility of obtaining the intrinsic force from one muscle in experimentation
Abboud, Jacques. "Adaptations neuromusculaires du tronc dans différents contextes de perturbations mécaniques et physiologiques." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21833.
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