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Готові списки джерел за темами / Electrolytic plasma polishing / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "Electrolytic plasma polishing"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Aliakseyeu, Yu G., A. Yu Korolyov, V. S. Niss, A. E. Parshuto, and A. S. Budnitskiy. "ELECTROLYTE-PLASMA POLISHING OF TITANIUM AND NIOBIUM ALLOYS." Science & Technique 17, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-3-211-219.

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Анотація:

Titanium and niobium alloys are widely used at present in aircraft, nuclear energy, microwave technology, space and ultrasonic technology, as well as in manufacture of medical products. In most cases production technology of such products involves an implementation of a quality polishing surface. Mechanical and electrochemical methods are conventionally used for polishing products made of titanium and niobium alloys. Disadvantages of mechanical methods are low productivity, susceptibility to introduction of foreign particles, difficulties in processing complex geometric shapes. These materials are hard-to-machine for electrochemical technologies and processes of their polishing require the use of toxic electrolytes. Traditionally, electrochemical polishing of titanium and niobium alloys is carried out in acid electrolytes consisting of toxic hydrofluoric (20–25 %), sulfuric nitric and perchloric acids. The disadvantage of such solutions is their high aggressiveness and harmful effects for production personnel and environment. This paper proposes to use fundamentally new developed modes of electrolytic-plasma treatment for electrolyte-plasma polishing and cleaning products of titanium and niobium alloys while using simple electrolyte composition based on an aqueous ammonium fluoride solution providing a significant increase in surface quality that ensures high reflectivity. Due to the use of aqueous electrolyte the technology has a high ecological safety in comparison with traditional electrochemical polishing. The paper presents results of the study pertaining to the effect of titanium and niobium electrolytic-plasma polishing characteristics using the developed mode for productivity, processing efficiency, surface quality, and structure and properties of the surface to be treated. Based on the obtained results, processes of electrolytic-plasma polishing of a number of products made of titanium alloys BT6 (Grade 5), used in medicine and aircraft construction, have been worked out in the paper.

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2

Aliakseyeu, Yu G., A. Yu Korolyov, and V. S. Niss. "Electrolytic-plasma polishing of cobalt-chromium alloys for medical products." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 64, no. 3 (October 6, 2019): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2019-64-3-296-303.

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Анотація:

In the manufacture of implants that are subject to increased cyclic loads, cobalt-chromium alloys with high hardness- and wear resistance have recently been widely used. Roughness of working surfaces is one of the most important characteristics of such products. The traditional processes of finishing the surface of cobalt-chromium alloy implants are based on mechanical and electrochemical methods. The disadvantages of mechanical methods are low productivity, susceptibility to the introduction of foreign particles, difficulties in processing of complex geometric shapes. For electrochemical technologies the treated materials are considered intractable, harmful electrolytes, consisting of solutions of acids, are used in the process of polishing. As an alternative to existing methods, it was proposed to use an environmentally safe method of electrolytic-plasma polishing, the main advantage of which is the use of aqueous solutions of salts with a concentration of 3–5 % as electrolytes. According to the results of the technological process, it has been established that at most electrolyte-plasma polishing modes of cobalt-chromium alloys for medical purposes, a relief in the form of a grid of protrusions occurs on the surface, the origin of which can be explained by the heterogeneity of the material structure that occurs at the stage of casting. Moreover, the height of the formed relief protrusions has a direct impact on the amount of surface roughness. As a result of studies, electrolyte-plasma polishing process modes were established, ensuring the formation of a smooth surface without the presence of embossed protrusions, smoothing the microrelief with the removal of scratches resulting from pre-grinding, achieving a low roughness value (Ra 0.057 micron) and a high reflection coefficient (0.7), which fully meets the requirements for the surface of the implants.

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3

Navickaitė, Kristina, Lucia Ianniciello, Jaka Tušek, Kurt Engelbrecht, Christian R. H. Bahl, Michael Penzel, Klaus Nestler, Falko Böttger-Hiller, and Henning Zeidler. "Plasma Electrolytic Polishing of Nitinol: Investigation of Functional Properties." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 6450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216450.

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Анотація:

A novel, environmentally friendly, fast, and flexible polishing process for Nitinol parts is presented in this study. Nitinol samples with both superelastic and shape memory properties at room temperature were investigated. The chemical contamination and surface roughness of superelastic Nitinol plates were examined before and after plasma electrolytic polishing. The shift in phase transformation temperature and tensile strength before and after the polishing process were analysed using Nitinol wire with shape memory properties. The obtained experimental results were compared to the data obtained on reference samples examined in the as-received condition. It was found that plasma electrolytic polishing, when the right process parameters are applied, is capable of delivering Nitinol parts with extremely high surface quality. Moreover, it was experimentally proven that plasma electrolytic polishing does not have a negative impact on functionality or mechanical properties of polished parts.

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4

Su, Facheng, Hsiharng Yang, Wenchieh Wu, and Yukai Chen. "An Electrolyte Life Indicator for Plasma Electrolytic Polishing Optimization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 8594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178594.

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Анотація:

This work shows that electrolyte current-density as an indicator can assist in the optimized timing of the addition of the electrolyte to plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) to keep it active and in operation. In this experiment, 2 wt% ammonium sulfate was used as an electrolyte to polish 1 cm × 1 cm stainless steel SUS304. The hot-bath heating method was successfully used to heat it from 60 to 90 °C, followed by suction filtration. The cathode was fixed at the beaker edge in the electrolyte and the input voltage was 340 volts. Once the gas-phase layer formed stably around the workpiece, the plasma went through the electrolyte to polish the workpiece surface. Then, the anode was slowly immersed into the electrolyte and the current-density measured. It was found that based on the current-density–temperature curve, for the timing of the addition of the electrolyte, the current-density difference could be used to decide whether it needed to be supplemented or not. When the temperature was from 75 to 80 °C and 85 to 90 °C, it was found that the 2 wt% ammonium sulfate solution should be supplemented. The result showed that the electrolyte life indicator, using the current-density, is a feasible method of practical technology for PEP.

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5

Korolyov, A., A. Bubulis, J. Vėžys, Yu Aliakseyeu, V. Minchenya, V. Niss, and D. Markin. "Electrolytic plasma polishing of NiTi alloy." Mathematical Models in Engineering 7, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/mme.2021.22351.

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6

Chen, H. L., and Y. X. Zhang. "Eco-friendly oxalic acid and citric acid mixed electrolytes using for plasma electrolytic polishing 304 stainless steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2345, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2345/1/012029.

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Анотація:

Abstract The traditional of mixed electrolyte of H2SO4 and H3PO4 widely used in electropolishing 304 stainless steel. Due to environmental protection and safety issues, there is an urgent need to develop more environmentally friendly electrolytes. In this study, 304 stainless steel was electropolished by plasma electropolishing using a mixed electrolyte of oxalic acid and citric acid, which are environmentally friendly electrolytes. The mixed electrolyte concentration of oxalic acid and citric acid were 0.01 M, 0.05M, 0.1M, 0.3M and 0.5 M, respectively. The volume mixing percentage is adjusted to about 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8, respectively. Plasma power is about 1.3 kW, electrolysis time is 5 and 1 minutes, respectively. The results show that low-concentration mixed electrolyte, shortened electrolysis time and proper electrolyte mixing ratio, can obtain better surface roughness. The mixing ratio of oxalic acid and citric acid mixed electrolyte, and the factors that may affect the surface roughness of plasma electropolished 304 stainless steel, will be discussed in the text.

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7

Tamindarov, D. R., A. M. Smyslov, and A. V. Sidelnikov. "Influence of electrolyte composition on the process of electrolytic-plasma polishing of titanium alloys." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 5 (2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2022-5-31-38.

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Анотація:

Electrolyte-plasma polishing (EPP), also known as electrolyte-plasma treatment (EPT) has become widespread in industry as an alternative to traditional chemical, electrochemical and mechanical methods of improving the surface quality of products made of metallic materials. EPP is an innovative technology used to obtain metal surfaces with low roughness and a high gloss. Electrolyte-plasma polishing is widely used in aerospace, biomedical, precision instrumentation and other. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of the electrolyte composition on achieving the effect of polishing titanium alloys during the implementation of the EPP process. The studies were carried out on the example of polishing a titanium alloy VT6 (Ti – 6 Al – 4 V) in a three-component aqueous electrolyte containing NaF, NH2OH·HCl and KCl. It was shown that, depending on the concentration ratio of NaF and NH2OH·HCl protolyte salts, either the formation of oxide films or their anodic dissolution in the presence of a ligand can be observed on the treated surface, with the production of a clean, non-anodized metal surface, accompanied by a decrease in roughness (polishing effect). It is established that the polishing effect is achieved at a certain ratio of NaF and NH2OH·HCl, which ensures the formation of hydrogen fluoride in it in an amount sufficient to dissolve the oxide films formed on the treated surface.

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8

Navickaitė, Kristina, Karl Roßmann, Klaus Nestler, Falko Böttger-Hiller, Michael Penzel, Thomas Grund, Thomas Lampke, and Henning Zeidler. "Plasma Electrolytic Polishing of Porous Nitinol Structures." Plasma 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma5040039.

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Анотація:

In this study, for the first time, the application of plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) of porous Nitinol structures, mimicking a trabecular bone structure, that were additively manufactured, is reported. The cube-shaped samples were polished in a diagonal position three different times. The effect of PEP was evaluated in terms of the polishing depth, the effect on sample chemical composition and a possible shift of the phase transition temperature using microscopy, the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that the PEP technique is suitable for polishing porous structures up to a certain depth into the sample inner structure and does not have any influence on the chemical composition and the phase transformation temperatures. However, small changes in the specific enthalpy were observable among the investigated samples. These changes could be attributed to the sample chemical inhomogeneity, measurement error, and/or differences in sample size and shape.

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9

Böttger-Hiller, Falko, Klaus Nestler, Henning Zeidler, Gunther Glowa, and Thomas Lampke. "Plasma electrolytic polishing of metalized carbon fibers." AIMS Materials Science 3, no. 1 (2016): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2016.1.260.

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10

Cornelsen, Matthias, Carolin Deutsch, and Hermann Seitz. "Electrolytic Plasma Polishing of Pipe Inner Surfaces." Metals 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8010012.

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11

Zeidler, Henning, Toni Böttger, Sam Schröder, Michael Schneider, Christoph Lämmel, Frederic Sahr, Joffrey Tardelli, and Loïc Exbrayat. "Analysis of Plasma-Electrolytic Polishing Process Initiation." Procedia CIRP 108 (2022): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.03.121.

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12

Kusmanov, Sergei A., Vasiliy Belkin, and Irina Kusmanova. "Surface Modification of Steel by Anodic Plasma Electrolytic Boronitriding and Polishing." Materials Science Forum 972 (October 2019): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.972.229.

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Анотація:

The paper shows the possibility of plasma electrolytic polishing of the steel surface after its chemical-thermal treatment. Positive results of the plasma electrolytic polishing are obtained for low carbon steel after its anodic plasma electrolytic boronitriding. An X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the phase composition of the modified layer and its surface morphology. Surface roughness was studied with the use of a roughness tester. The hardness of the treated and untreated samples was measured using a microhardness tester. Corrosion properties of the samples treated surfaces were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarisation tests in solution of sodium chloride. The reduction of the surface roughness of 1.7 times and the corrosion current density of 1.5 times of boronitrided steel by plasma polishing using mode of current interruption for 2 min without changing the structure of the diffusion layers is shows.

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13

Schorn, Lara, Max Wilkat, Julian Lommen, Maria Borelli, Sajjad Muhammad, and Majeed Rana. "Plasma Electrolytic Polished Patient-Specific Orbital Implants in Clinical Use—A Technical Note." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010148.

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Анотація:

This technical note describes the technique of plasma electrolytic polishing on orbital patient-specific implants and demonstrates clinical handling and use by the insertion of a plasma electrolytic polished orbital implant into a patient.

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14

Radkevich, Mihail Mihailovich, and Ivan Sergeevich Kuzmichev. "Technological Principles of Internal Surfaces Finishing by Forced Electrolytic-Plasma Polishing." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.634.

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Technological difficulties of manufacture, typical to the large number of crucial elements of certain assemblies: tubes of fuel systems, details of waveguide devices, smooth gun barrels and other tubular details. Difficulties associated with the finishing of the internal surfaces of these products. Therefore, great interest is to find a finishing technology, which allow processing such products. The kind of electrolytic-plasma polishing technology - forced electrolytic-plasma polishing (FEPP) allows to receive homogenous quality of an internal surface layer along processed tubular work piece.

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15

Korableva, S. S., I. R. Palenov, I. M. Naumov, A. A. Smirnov, I. A. Kusmanova, I. S. Gorokhov, R. D. Belov, E. V. Sokova, and K. I. Bestchetnikova. "Cathodic boriding and anodic polishing of medium-carbon steel by plasma electrolysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2144, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2144/1/012027.

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Abstract The possibility of cathodic plasma electrolytic boriding of medium-carbon steel in an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and boric acid followed by anodic plasma electrolytic polishing in an ammonium sulfate solution on the same equipment with a change in the operating voltage is shown. The morphology and roughness of the surface, microhardness of the modified layer have been investigated. Wear resistance was studied under dry friction conditions. It has been established that cathodic boriding at 850 °C for 5–30 min leads to the hardening of the surface layer up to 1050 HV with an increase in roughness by 1.5–2.5 times and wear resistance by 3.5 times. Subsequent anodic plasma electrolytic polishing of the boriding surface leads to a decrease in roughness with an increase in wear resistance by 2.3 times.

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16

Ablyaz, T. R., K. R. Muratov, I. V. Osinnikov, E. S. Shlykov, and E. A. Gashev. "Electrolytic Plasma Polishing and Wire-Cut Electrical Discharge Machining." Russian Engineering Research 41, no. 9 (September 2021): 865–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x21090045.

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17

Kusmanov, Sergei, Alexander Zhirov, Irina Kusmanova, and Pavel Belkin. "Aspects of anodic plasma electrolytic polishing of nitrided steel." Surface Engineering 35, no. 6 (December 2017): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2017.1406574.

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18

Danilov, Igor, Matthias Hackert-Oschätzchen, Mike Zinecker, Gunnar Meichsner, Jan Edelmann, and Andreas Schubert. "Process Understanding of Plasma Electrolytic Polishing through Multiphysics Simulation and Inline Metrology." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030214.

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Анотація:

Currently, the demand for surface treatment methods like plasma electrolytic polishing (PeP)—a special case of electrochemical machining—is increasing. This paper provides a literature review on the fundamental mechanisms of the plasma electrolytic polishing process and discusses simulated and experimental results. The simulation shows and describes a modelling approach of the polishing effect during the PeP process. Based on the simulation results, it can be assumed that PeP can be simulated as an electrochemical machining process and that the simulation can be used for roughness and processing time predictions. The simulation results exhibit correlations with the experimentally-achieved approximation for roughness decrease. The experimental part demonstrates the results of the PeP processing for different times. The results for different types of roughness show that roughness decreases exponentially. Additionally, a current efficiency calculation was made. Based on the experimental results, it can be assumed that PeP is a special electrochemical machining process with low passivation.

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19

Tambovskiy, I. V., R. A. Vdovichenko, R. D. Belov, A. D. Dyakonova, R. V. Nikiforov, S. A. Silkin, and I. A. Kusmanova. "Cathodic nitriding and anodic polishing of Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma electrolysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2144, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2144/1/012033.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of studies on modifying the surface of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy by combined exposure to cathodic nitriding and anodic polishing in electrolysis plasma. The morphology and roughness of the surface, microhardness of the modified layer have been investigated. Wear resistance was studied under dry friction conditions. The effect of combined treatment on corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy was examined by means of potentiodynamic polarization in Ringer’s solution. It has been established that cathodic nitriding at 750 °C for 10 min leads to the hardening of the surface layer up to 820 HV with an increase in roughness by 2 times and wear resistance almost 3 times. Subsequent anodic plasma electrolytic polishing of the nitriding surface in solution of ammonium sulfate leads to a decrease in roughness and friction coefficient with an increase in corrosion resistance.

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20

Ma, Gaoling, Shujuan Li, Xu Liu, Xincheng Yin, Zhen Jia, and Feilong Liu. "Combination of Plasma Electrolytic Processing and Mechanical Polishing for Single-Crystal 4H-SiC." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060606.

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Анотація:

Single-crystal 4H-SiC is a typical third-generation semiconductor power-device material because of its excellent electronic and thermal properties. A novel polishing technique that combines plasma electrolytic processing and mechanical polishing (PEP-MP) was proposed in order to polish single-crystal 4H-SiC surfaces effectively. In the PEP-MP process, the single-crystal 4H-SiC surface is modified into a soft oxide layer, which is mainly made of SiO2 and a small amount of silicon oxycarbide by plasma electrolytic processing. Then, the modified oxide layer is easily removed by soft abrasives such as CeO2, whose hardness is much lower than that of single-crystal 4H-SiC. Finally a scratch-free and damage-free surface can be obtained. The hardness of the single-crystal 4H-SiC surface is greatly decreased from 2891.03 to 72.61 HV after plasma electrolytic processing. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) observation, the plasma electrolytic processing behaviors of single-crystal 4H-SiC are investigated. The scanning white light interferometer (SWLI) images of 4H-SiC surface processed by PEP-MP for 30 s shows that an ultra-smooth surface is obtained and the surface roughness decreased from Sz 607 nm, Ra 64.5 nm to Sz 60.1 nm, Ra 8.1 nm and the material removal rate (MRR) of PEP-MP is about 21.8 μm/h.

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21

Apelfeld, Andrey, Anatoly Borisov, Ilya Dyakov, Sergey Grigoriev, Boris Krit, Sergei Kusmanov, Sergey Silkin, Igor Suminov, and Ivan Tambovskiy. "Enhancement of Medium-Carbon Steel Corrosion and Wear Resistance by Plasma Electrolytic Nitriding and Polishing." Metals 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101599.

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Анотація:

The influence of technological parameters of plasma electrolytic nitriding and polishing on the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of medium-carbon steel is considered. The morphology and roughness of the surface, phase composition and microhardness of the modified layer have been investigated. Wear resistance was studied under dry friction conditions with bearing steel as counter-body. It was found that plasma electrolytic polishing removes the loose part of the oxide layer and provides a two-fold decrease in surface roughness compared with untreated steel, and 2.8 times compared with the nitrided one. Combined processing at optimal technological parameters leads to an increase in microhardness up to 1130 HV, an increase in wear resistance by 70 times, and a decrease in the corrosion current density by almost 3 times in comparison with untreated steel.

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22

Smirnov, A. S., A. L. Galinovsky, and D. A. Martysyuk. "Reducing Additive Product Surface Roughness by Electrochemical Processing Methods." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 7 (748) (July 2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-7-16-23.

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Анотація:

The article considers the problem of improving the quality of the product surfaces obtained by selective laser melting. The possibilities of applying the method of electrochemical and electrolytic-plasma polishing for these purposes are described. The scheme and description of the experimental setup are given, as well as data on the technological parameters of processing, allowing efficient implementing the methods of electrochemical and electrolytic-plasma polishing. The experimental data obtained during processing additive parts, in particular, the profilograms of surface irregularities and roughness indicators, such as the roughness class and the arithmetic mean deviation of the irregularity profile, are analyzed. Proposals for the application of these processing methods in practice are put forward. Perspective directions for the development of the proposed methods for processing additive parts, primarily of complex shape, are considered.

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23

Dobrynin, D. A. "Electrolytic-plasma polishing of titanium alloys VT6 and VT8M-1." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 7 (July 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2017-0-7-2-2.

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24

Muratov, K. R., E. A. Gashev, and T. R. Ablyaz. "Recommendations for Electrolytic Plasma Polishing of Chromium and Titanium Alloys." Russian Engineering Research 42, no. 8 (August 2022): 829–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x22080172.

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25

Volenko, A. P., O. V. Boychenko, and N. V. Chirkunova. "INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY OF ELECTROLYTIC-PLASMA POLISHING OF METAL GOODS." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 1 (2016): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2016-1-11-16.

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26

Belkin, P. N., S. A. Silkin, I. G. Dyakov, I. V. Tambovskiy, S. S. Korableva, and S. A. Kusmanov. "Plasma electrolytic polishing of nitrided steel under force convection condition." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 672 (November 23, 2019): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/672/1/012020.

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27

Zeidler, Henning, Falko Boettger-Hiller, Jan Edelmann, and Andreas Schubert. "Surface Finish Machining of Medical Parts Using Plasma Electrolytic Polishing." Procedia CIRP 49 (2016): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.038.

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28

Sabotin, Izidor, Marko Jerman, Andrej Lebar, Joško Valentinčič, Toni Böttger, Lisa Kühnel, and Henning Zeidler. "Effects of plasma electrolytic polishing on SLM printed microfluidic platform." Advanced Technologies & Materials 47, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2022-1-004.

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Анотація:

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic parts is gaining momentum in production industries. In view of producing a metal microproduct using AM the issue of high surface roughness is prominent. Plasma electrolytic Polishing (PeP) is a post processing technology that greatly reduces surface roughness of metallic parts. In this paper the effects of PeP of microfluidic platform, printed with selective laser melting (SLM) technology, is presented. The results show that surface roughness of the specimens was severely reduced. Also, some geometrical defects inherent to SLM technology were partly removed. It is shown, that for smaller geometrical microfeatures (sizes of less than 0.5 mm) the effectiveness of PeP is reduced. Through this investigation it can be concluded that PeP is a promising post-processing technology for SLM printed microparts since it significantly improves the overall part quality. However, further improvements of the process chain need to be implemented in order to render the microfluidic platform functional.

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29

Kusmanov, S. A., I. V. Tambovskii, T. L. Mukhacheva, S. A. Silkin, and I. S. Gorokhov. "Cathodic Boronitrocarburising and Anodic Polishing of Mild Steel 20 in Electrolitic Plasma." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 58, no. 5 (October 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2022.58.5.01.

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The paper discusses a possibility of increasing the wear and corrosion resistance of a low carbon steel surface after cathodic plasma electrolytic boronitrocarburising in a solution of boric acid, glycerin, and ammonium chloride, with the subsequent anodic plasma electrolytic polishing in an ammonium sulfate solution due to the formation of a modified structure consisting of a dense oxide layer and a diffusion layer below it, which contains up to 0.87% carbon, 0.80% nitrogen, and 0.87% boron upon reaching microhardness up to 970±20 HV. The competitive influence of the surface erosion under the action of discharges and high-temperature oxidation on the morphology and roughness of the surface is revealed. A positive effect of reducing the surface roughness during the formation of a dense oxide layer on the surface and a hardened diffusion layer under it on reducing the friction coefficient and mass wear, as well as reducing the roughness and additional oxidation of the surface during polishing on reducing the corrosion current density, has been established.

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30

Zatkalíková, Viera, Štefan Podhorský, Milan Štrbák, Tatiana Liptáková, Lenka Markovičová, and Lenka Kuchariková. "Plasma Electrolytic Polishing—An Ecological Way for Increased Corrosion Resistance in Austenitic Stainless Steels." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124223.

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Plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) is an environment-friendly alternative to the conventional electrochemical polishing (EP), giving optimal surface properties and improved corrosion resistance with minimum energy and time consumption, which leads to both economic and environmental benefits. This paper is focused on the corrosion behavior of PEP treated AISI 316L stainless steel widely used as a biomaterial. Corrosion resistance of plasma electrolytic polished surfaces without/with chemical pretreatment (acid cleaning) is evaluated and compared with original non-treated (as received) surfaces by three independent test methods: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and exposure immersion test. All corrosion tests are carried out in the 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution at a temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C to simulate the internal environment of a human body. The quality of tested surfaces is also characterized by optical microscopy and by the surface roughness parameters. The results obtained indicated high corrosion resistance of PEP treated surfaces also without chemical pretreatment, which increases the ecological benefits of PEP technology.

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31

Huang, Yu, Chengyong Wang, Feng Ding, Yang Yang, Tao Zhang, Xiaolin He, Lijuan Zheng, and Naitao Li. "Principle, process, and application of metal plasma electrolytic polishing: a review." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 114, no. 7-8 (April 7, 2021): 1893–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07012-7.

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32

Parfenov, E. V., R. G. Farrakhov, V. R. Mukaeva, A. V. Gusarov, R. R. Nevyantseva, and A. Yerokhin. "Electric field effect on surface layer removal during electrolytic plasma polishing." Surface and Coatings Technology 307 (December 2016): 1329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.08.066.

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33

Belkin, P. N., S. A. Silkin, I. G. D’yakov, S. V. Burov, and S. A. Kusmanov. "Influence of Plasma Electrolytic Polishing Conditions on Surface Roughness of Steel." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 56, no. 1 (January 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375520010032.

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34

Kusmanov, S. A., I. V. Tambovskiy, S. A. Silkin, R. V. Nikiforov, and P. N. Belkin. "The effect of plasma electrolytic polishing on the surface properties of titanium alloy after plasma electrolytic chemical-thermal treatment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 919 (September 26, 2020): 022028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/919/2/022028.

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35

Spica, A., J. Roche, L. Arurault, M. Horville, and J. Rolet. "Evolution of model roughness on quasi-pure aluminum during plasma electrolytic polishing." Surface and Coatings Technology 428 (December 2021): 127839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127839.

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36

Zhou, Chuanqiang, Honghua Su, Ning Qian, Zhao Zhang, and Jiuhua Xu. "Characteristics and function of vapour gaseous envelope fluctuation in plasma electrolytic polishing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 119, no. 11-12 (January 27, 2022): 7815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08606-x.

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37

Seo, Bosung, Hyung-Ki Park, Hyung Giun Kim, Won Rae Kim, and Kwangsuk Park. "Corrosion behavior of additive manufactured CoCr parts polished with plasma electrolytic polishing." Surface and Coatings Technology 406 (January 2021): 126640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126640.

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38

Ablyaz, T. R., K. R. Muratov, M. M. Radkevich, L. A. Ushomirskaya, and D. A. Zarubin. "Electrolytic Plasma Surface Polishing of Complex Components Produced by Selective Laser Melting." Russian Engineering Research 38, no. 6 (June 2018): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x18060035.

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39

Novoselov, Mikhail, Nikita Shilling, Alexey Rudavin, Mikhail Radkevich, and Alexander Popov. "ASSESSMENT OF A POSSIBILITY POLISHING OF STAINLESS STEELS JET ELECTROLYTIC AND PLASMA PROCESSING." PNIPU Bulletin. The mechanical engineering, materials science. 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9877/2018.1.10.

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40

Kranhold, Christian, Oliver Kröning, Hans-Peter Schulze, Mathias Herzig, and Henning Zeidler. "Investigation of stable boundary conditions for the Jet-electrolytic Plasma Polishing (Jet-ePP)." Procedia CIRP 95 (2020): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.294.

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41

Kröning, Oliver, Hans-Peter Schulze, Christian Kranhold, Mathias Herzig, and Henning Zeidler. "Investigation of the ignition phase in electrolytic plasma polishing under different starting conditions." Procedia CIRP 95 (2020): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.287.

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42

Novoselov, Mikhail, Nikita Shilling, Alexey Rudavin, Mikhail Radkevich, and Alexander Popov. "ASSESSMENT OF A POSSIBILITY POLISHING OF STAINLESS STEELS JET ELECTROLYTIC AND PLASMA PROCESSING." PNIPU Bulletin. The mechanical engineering, materials science. 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2227-9877/2018.1.10.

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43

Kusmanov, S. A., I. V. Tambovskiy, S. A. Silkin, S. S. Korableva, R. D. Belov, and P. N. Belkin. "The effect of plasma electrolytic polishing on the surface properties of nitrocarburised steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1713 (December 2020): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1713/1/012023.

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44

Belkin, P. N., S. A. Kusmanov, and E. V. Parfenov. "Mechanism and technological opportunity of plasma electrolytic polishing of metals and alloys surfaces." Applied Surface Science Advances 1 (November 2020): 100016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2020.100016.

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45

Ushomirskaya, Ludmila A., Yuri Mikhailovich Baron, and Ivan Sergeevich Kuzmichev. "Design of Special Device for the Forced Electrolytic-Plasma Polishing of Internal Surfaces by Counter Flows." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.610.

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The practice shows availability of an electro plasma method polishing. The lack of a method, namely impossibility of its application for processing extended grooves and apertures is known. Creation of a special equipment and revealing of optimum modes have allowed to receive the given roughness on the named surfaces on products from cuprum.

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46

Saleeva, Liaisan, Ramil Kashapov, Farid Shakirzyanov, Eduard Kuznetsov, Lenar Kashapov, Viktoriya Smirnova, Nail Kashapov, Gulshat Saleeva, Oskar Sachenkov, and Rinat Saleev. "The Effect of Surface Processing on the Shear Strength of Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloy and Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 2987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15092987.

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Porcelain fused to metal is widespread dental prosthetic restoration. The survival rate of metal-ceramic restorations depends not only on the qualifications of dentists, dental technicians but also on the adhesive strength of ceramics to a metal frame. The goal of the research is to determine the optimal parameters of the surface machining of the metal frame to increase the adhesion of metal to ceramics. Adhesion of cobalt-chromium alloy and ceramics was investigated. A profilometer and a scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the morphology. To estimate the adhesion the shear strength was measured by the method based on ASTM D1002-10. A method of surface microrelief formation of metal samples by plasma-electrolyte treatment has been developed. Regimes for plasma-electrolyte surface treatment were investigated according to current-voltage characteristics and a surface roughness parameter. The samples were subjected to different surface machining techniques such as polishing, milling, sandblasting (so-called traditional methods), and plasma-electrolyte processing. Morphology of the surface for all samples was studied and the difference in microrelief was shown. The roughness and adhesive strength were measured for samples either. As a result, the mode for plasma- electrolytic surface treatment under which the adhesive strength was increased up to 183% (compared with the traditional methods) was found.

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47

Stepputat, Vincent N., Henning Zeidler, Daniel Safranchik, Evgeny Strokin, and Falko Böttger-Hiller. "Investigation of Post-Processing of Additively Manufactured Nitinol Smart Springs with Plasma-Electrolytic Polishing." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 4093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154093.

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Additive manufacturing of Nitinol is a promising field, as it can circumvent the challenges associated with its conventional production processes and unlock unique advantages. However, the accompanying surface features such as powder adhesions, spatters, ballings, or oxide discolorations are undesirable in engineering applications and therefore must be removed. Plasma electrolytic polishing (PeP) might prove to be a suitable finishing process for this purpose, but the effects of post-processing on the mechanical and functional material properties of additively manufactured Nitinol are still largely unresearched. This study seeks to address this issue. The changes on and in the part caused by PeP with processing times between 2 and 20 min are investigated using Nitinol compression springs manufactured by Laser Beam Melting. As a benchmark for the scanning electron microscope images, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, and the mechanical load test cycles, conventionally fabricated Nitinol springs of identical geometry with a medical grade polished surface are used. After 5 min of PeP, a glossy surface free of powder adhesion is achieved, which is increasingly levelled by further polishing. The shape memory properties of the material are retained without a shift in the transformation temperatures being detectable. The decreasing spring rate is primarily attributable to a reduction in the effective wire diameter. Consequently, PeP has proven to be an applicable and effective post-processing method for additively manufactured Nitinol.

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48

Kusmanov, S. A., I. V. Tambovskii, S. S. Korableva, and P. N. Belkin. "Steel Surface Modification by Cathodic Carburizing and Anodic Polishing under Conditions of Electrolytic Plasma." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 56, no. 5 (September 2020): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375520050099.

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49

Ji, Gangqiang, Huanwu Sun, Haidong Duan, Dongliang Yang, and Jinyan Sun. "Effect of electrolytic plasma polishing on microstructural evolution and tensile properties of 316L stainless steel." Surface and Coatings Technology 420 (August 2021): 127330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127330.

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50

Danilov, Igor, Raphael Paul, Matthias Hackert-Oschätzchen, Mike Zinecker, Susanne Quitzke, and Andreas Schubert. "Random Sequential Simulation of the Resulting Surface Roughness in Plasma Electrolytic Polishing of Stainless Steel." Procedia CIRP 95 (2020): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.255.

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