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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

Normurodovich, Normurodov Aziz. "THE IMPACT OF PLASMA-ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION OF TITANIUM." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-04-14.

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Titanium is one of the most promising structural materials used in the manufacture of implants in orthopedics and dentistry. This material is characterized by low density, low modulus of elasticity, good formability, hardness similar to tooth enamel, biocompatibility with living tissues, and corrosion resistance in biological media.
2

Rudnev, V. S., I. V. Lukiyanchuk, and V. G. Kuryavyi. "Electrolytic-plasma oxidation in borate electrolytes." Protection of Metals 42, no. 1 (January 2006): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0033173206010103.

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3

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan, and Daryn Baizhan. "Creation of Bioceramic Coatings on the Surface of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Followed by Gas Detonation Spraying." Coatings 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121433.

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In this work, bioceramic coatings were formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a combined technique of plasma electrolytic oxidation followed by gas detonation spraying of calcium phosphate ceramics, based on hydroxyapatite. Plasma electrolytic oxidation was carried out in electrolytes with various chemical compositions, and the effect of electrolytes on the macro and microstructure, pore size and phase composition of coatings was estimated. Three types of electrolytes based on sodium compounds were used: phosphate, hydroxide, and silicate. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy was carried out at a fixed DC voltage (270 V) for 5 min. The sample morphology and phase composition were studied with a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer. According to the results, the most homogeneous structure with lower porousness and many crystalline anatase phases was obtained in the coating prepared in the silicate-based electrolyte. A hydroxyapatite layer was obtained on the surface of the oxide layer using detonation spraying. It was determined that the appearance of α-tricalcium phosphate phases is characteristic for detonation spraying of hydroxyapatite, but the hydroxyapatite phase is retained in the coating composition. Raman spectroscopy results indicate that hydroxyapatite is the main phase in the coatings.
4

DRUNKA, Reinis, Ilmars BLUMBERGS, Paula IESALNIECE, Konstantins SAVKOVS, and Ints STEINS. "Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of AZ31 Mg Alloy in Bipolar Pulse Mode and Influence of Corrosion to Surface Morphology of Obtained Coatings." Materials Science 29, no. 3 (August 24, 2023): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.32182.

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The plasma electrolytic oxidation method was used with AZ31 magnesium alloy plates for improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Process parameters for the plasma electrolytic oxidation setup were optimized by studying the effects of KOH concentration, operating voltage, and pulse properties on the obtained coating. These conditions were then used to produce plasma electrolytic oxidation coated AZ31 sample and were tested by immersion in 3 % NaCl solution for 1 week. Three types of modifiers were used in the electrolyte and concentrations of the modifiers were varied to study the effect of concentration on the performance of coating obtained. The extent of corrosion was visually examined, and it was found that an electrolyte recipe with all three modifiers produced the best results.
5

Egorkin, Vladimir S., Igor E. Vyaliy, Nikolay V. Izotov, Sergey L. Sinebryukhov, and Sergey V. Gnedenkov. "The Electrolyte Concentration Influence on the Features of Formation Process and Morphology of the PEO-Coatings on Aluminum Alloy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 386 (September 2018): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.386.309.

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminum alloy 5754 was carried out in a multicomponent electrolyte variating the concentration of sodium silicate. The research has allowed to establish the characteristic features of the plasma electrolytic oxidation process, and also morphological structure of the formed oxide layers. It is established that the applied electrolytic systems can significantly increase the thickness of the formed layers (up to 152 μm), and control their porosity, bringing it up to 30 %.
6

Rakhadilov, B. K., D. R. Baizhan, Zh B. Sagdoldina, and K. Torebek. "Research of regimes of applying coats by the method of plasma electrolytic oxidation on Ti-6Al-4V." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 105, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ph1/99-106.

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In this work, ceramic coatings were formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a technique of plasma electrolytic oxidation. Plasma electrolytic oxidation was carried out in electrolytes with different chemical compositions and the effect of the electrolyte on the macro-and microstructure, pore size, phase composition and wear resistance of coatings was estimated. Three types of electrolytes based on sodium compounds were used, including phosphate, hydroxide, and silicate. The composition of the electrolyte affects the intensity and size of microcharges and the volume of gas release of various electrolytes. The plasma electrolytic oxidation processes were carried out at a fixed voltage (270 V) for 5 minutes. The results showed that the coating was mainly composed of rutile- and anatase TiO2 , but a homogeneous structure with lower porosity and a large number of crystalline anatase phases was obtained in the coating prepared in the silicate-based electrolyte. The diffractogram electrolytes did not reveal the peaks of the crystalline phases associated with the PO4 3— and SiO3 2— anions. This means that these anions included only oxygen in the coatings. The morphology and phase composition of the samples were studied using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer, respectively. Wear resistance was evaluated by the “ball-disc” method on the TRB3 tribometer. The wear resistance of various coatings formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloys showed completely different wear resistance. The lowest coefficient of friction (µ = 0.3) was demonstrated by the coating obtained based on phosphate. This may be due to a large number of crystal phases of rutile. The sample prepared in a hydroxide-based electrolyte showed a high wear coefficient (µ=0.52). This effect can be obtained by eliminating surface defects (microcracks and micropores).
7

Medvedev, D. L. "Investigation of Plasma Electric Oxide Coating Formed on the Prototype Samples of Aluminum Plates Made of 1050 Grade." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-7-13.

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Today, the technology of hardening the surface layers of parts and the creation of protective coatings on the surface with high physical, mechanical and chemical properties are especially efficient in many industries. The article presents the studies of the most promising innovative technology for surface hardening of 1050 grade aluminum plates by plasma electrolytic oxidation method. This method allows to obtain the materials with an ultra-high melting point, high hardness, and wear resistance. Possible conditions and mechanisms for the formation of protective layers on the surface of aluminum plates to improve reliability and safety in the production of chemical industry products are considered. The influence was studied concerning the main technological parameters (alloying elements, electrical parameters, electrolyte composition) on the properties and structure of oxide ceramic coatings. The qualitative characteristics of the finished products from aluminum alloys and the surface layer of the samples showed the efficiency of the plasma electrolytic oxidation technology, which allows to obtain ceramic coatings with increased hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, and strength. When processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation in an aqueous electrolyte solution, all the industrial safety requirements are met. An alternative approach to processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation is considered, in which 1050 grade aluminum plates were used in a molten nitrate salt at a temperature of 280 °C. The microstructure, phase, chemical composition, and microhardness were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness tests. The formed coating was found to be free from electrolyte contamination, cracks and pinholes commonly found in coatings formed during plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment in an aqueous electrolyte solution.
8

Posuvailo, V. M., V. V. Vytvytskiy, M. M. Romaniv, and T. O. Pryhorovska. "INFLUENCE OF PLASMA-ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ALUMINUM ON COATING GROWTH RATE." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 1(59) (January 28, 2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2020-1(59)-165-178.

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There has been carried out an analysis of methods of oxide covering formation productivity increasing during plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminum in electrolyte. There has been developed a technology of blank manufacturing and part strengthening by plasma electrolytic oxidation in the electrolyte, as well as the workbench has been modernized. There has been studied the process of oxidoceramic coating synthesis for the D16T aluminum deformed alloy of during plasma electrolytic oxidation in the electrolyte for different process parameters. It is established that the growth rate of oxidoceramic coating can be significantly increased by electrolyte component concentration involved in aluminum oxidation and rational choice of process electrical parameters. Hydrogen peroxide addition leads to obtained oxoceramic coating thickness increasing due to O, O2, OH, OH– concentration increasing in the electrolyte. It is established that the optimal concentration of H2O2 ranges from 5 g/l to 7 g/l. A further increase of peroxide concentration leads to a decrease in peroxide effect on oxoceramic coating growth rate on the D16T aluminum deformed alloy due to pH changes of the electrolyte and the deterioration of the oxide coating.
9

Stojadinovic, Stevan. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of metals." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 5 (2013): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121126129s.

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In this lecture results of the investigation of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on some metals (aluminum, titanium, tantalum, magnesium, and zirconium) were presented. Whole process involves anodizing metals above the dielectric breakdown voltage where numerous micro-discharges are generated continuously over the coating surface. For the characterization of PEO process optical emission spectroscopy and real-time imaging were used. These investigations enabled the determination of electron temperature, electron number density, spatial density of micro-discharges, the active surface covered by micro-discharges, and dimensional distribution of micro-discharges at various stages of PEO process. Special attention was focused on the results of the study of the morphology, chemical, and phase composition of oxide layers obtained by PEO process on aluminum, tantalum, and titanium in electrolytes containing tungsten. Physicochemical methodes: atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy served as tools for examining obtained oxide coatings. Also, the application of the obtained oxide coatings, especially the application of TiO2/WO3 coatings in photocatalysis, were discussed.
10

Kim, Bae-Yeon, Deuk-Yong Lee, Yong-Nam Kim, Min-Seok Jeon, Whan-Sik You, and Kwang-Youp Kim. "Analysis of Oxide Coatings Formed on Al1050 Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 46, no. 3 (May 31, 2009): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2009.46.3.295.

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11

Petkovic, Marija, Stevan Stojadinovic, Rastko Vasilic, Ivan Belca, Becko Kasalica, and Ljubisa Zekovic. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of tantalum." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 9, no. 1 (2012): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1201081p.

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This paper is a review of our research on the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process of tantalum in 12-tungstosilicic acid. For the characterization of microdischarges during PEO, real-time imaging and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) were used. The surface morphology, chemical and phase composition of oxide coatings were investigated by AFM, SEM-EDS and XRD. Oxide coating morphology is strongly dependent on PEO time. The elemental components of PEO coatings are Ta, O, Si and W. The oxide coatings are partly crystallized and mainly composed of WO3, Ta2O5 and SiO2.
12

Morgenstern, R., M. Sieber, and T. Lampke. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of AMCs." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 118 (March 2016): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/118/1/012031.

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13

Cheng, Yulin, Zhunda Zhu, Qinghe Zhang, XiuJuan Zhuang, and Yingliang Cheng. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of brass." Surface and Coatings Technology 385 (March 2020): 125366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125366.

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14

Stojadinović, Stevan, Nenad Tadić, and Rastko Vasilić. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of hafnium." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 69 (December 2017): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.08.011.

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15

Rokosz, K., T. Hryniewicz, K. Pietrzak, and W. Malorny. "SEM and EDS Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained On Titaniumby Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Zinc Nitrate." Advances in Materials Science 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0010.

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AbstractThe SEM and EDS results of porous coatings formed on pure titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (Micro Arc Oxidation) under DC regime of voltage in the electrolytes containing of 500 g zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2·6H2O in 1000 mL of concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4at three voltages, i.e. 450 V, 550 V, 650 V for 3 minutes, are presented. The PEO coatings with pores, which have different shapes and the diameters, consist mainly of phosphorus, titanium and zinc. The maximum of zinc-to-phosphorus (Zn/P) ratio was found for treatment at 650 V and it equals 0.43 (wt%) | 0.20 (at%), while the minimum of that coefficient was recorded for the voltage of 450 V and equaling 0.26 (wt%) | 0.12 (at%). Performed studies have shown a possible way to form the porous coatings enriched with zinc by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in electrolyte containing concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4with zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2·6H2O.
16

Fu, Wen, Li Wang, and Li Chen. "The Discharge Characteristics of PEO Films in K2ZrF6 with H3PO4 Electrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.277.

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The discharge characteristics of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte during plasma electrolytic oxidation process were investigated. Phosphoric acid was applied as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content additives under constant voltage. The effect of additives on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that the additives could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions effectively.
17

Fu, Wen, Li Wang, and Li Chen. "The Discharge Characteristics of PEO Films in K2ZrF6 with NaH2PO4 Electrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 577 (October 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.577.115.

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The discharge characteristics of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte during plasma electrolytic oxidation process were investigated. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate was applied as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content additives under constant voltage. The effect of additives on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that the additives could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions effectively.
18

Chubieva, Elena S., Irina V. Lukyanchuk, Marina S. Vasilyeva, Yulia B. Budnikova, Valery G. Kuryavyi, and Natalia M. Yakovleva. "PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC NIOBIUM OXIDATION IN BORATE AND TUNGSTATE ELECTROLYTES." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 2, no. 2/2023 (April 10, 2023): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2023.14.2.048.

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The article is devoted to the study of the electrolyte (Na2B4O7, Na2WO4) and plasma electrolytic mode influence on the composition, surface morphology as well as optical properties of formed coatings.
19

Cheng, Yubing, Xuemei Shi, You Lv, and Xinxin Zhang. "Effect of Electrolyte Temperature on Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Pure Aluminum." Metals 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14060615.

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is normally carried out under conditions with electrolyte cooling. However, the effect of the temperature of the electrolytes on the PEO behavior and properties of the resulting coatings is seldom investigated. In this study, PEO of pure Al was carried out in a dilute aluminate electrolyte with the electrolyte temperature being controlled under low (~10–30 °C), medium (~40–50 °C) and high (~70–80 °C) temperature ranges, respectively. The morphology, microstructure, composition and phase component of the coatings fabricated under the different temperature ranges were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistances of the coatings were evaluated by electrochemical methods. The hardness of the coatings and substrate following the PEO treatment in the different electrolyte temperature ranges were also tested. It was found that a higher electrolyte temperature resulted in a higher growth rate and rougher coatings. Moreover, the α-Al2O3 content was reduced as the electrolyte temperature increased. The highest corrosion resistance was registered for the coating obtained under the lowest temperature range, whereas the corrosion resistance of the coating obtained under the highest temperature range was the worst. The higher growth rate under high electrolyte temperatures was associated with the increased kinetics of the PEO reactions. However, the temperature of the electrolyte should be controlled under a suitable range to ensure reasonable coating properties.
20

Yang, Kai, Jiaquan Zeng, Haisong Huang, Jiadui Chen, and Biao Cao. "A Novel Self-Adaptive Control Method for Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Processing of Aluminum Alloys." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2019): 2744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172744.

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation processing is a novel promising surface modification approach for various materials. However, its large-scale application is still restricted, mainly due to the problem of high energy consumption of the plasma electrolytic oxidation processing. In order to solve this problem, a novel intelligent self-adaptive control technology based on real-time active diagnostics and on the precision adjustment of the process parameters was developed. Both the electrical characteristics of the plasma electrolytic oxidation process and the microstructure of the coating were investigated. During the plasma electrolytic oxidation process, the discharges are maintained in the soft-sparking regime and the coating exhibits a good uniformity and compactness. A total specific energy consumption of 1.8 kW h m−2 μm−1 was achieved by using such self-adaptive plasma electrolytic oxidation processing on pre-anodized 6061 aluminum alloy samples.
21

Wu, Shi Kui, and Li Wang. "The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Process in K2ZrF6 with Na2HPO4 Electrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1387.

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The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) process of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte were investigated with disodium hydrogen phosphate used as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content of disodium hydrogen phosphate under constant voltage. The effect of disodium hydrogen phosphate on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that disodium hydrogen phosphate could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions significantly.
22

Wang, Ping, Dao Xin Liu, Jian Ping Li, Yong Chun Guo, and Zhong Yang. "The Mechanism of PEO Process on Al–Si Alloys in Zirconate Solution." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.178.

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Zirconia coating was produced on Al-Si alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The alkaline electrolyte containing Zr(OH)4 powders was used. The composition and structure of the coating were investigated by SEM and XRD. The results show that in the initial stages of oxidation the growth of coating belongs to the stage of anodic oxidation controlled by electrochemical polarization. The growth of coating is mainly outward growth and the growth rate is faster. With elongated treated time and increased thickness of the coating, the growth of coating is mainly ingrowth. In contrast with the stage of anodization, the growth rate of plasma electrolytic oxidation is slower than anodization. The coating consists of t-ZrO2, m-ZrO2, α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3.T-ZrO2 is the main phase and distributes in outer layer of the coating, however, α-Al2O3 appears in inner layer of the coating. Many micro-particles appear on the coating surface with dimension of 1-2μm.. In the process of plasma electrolytic oxidation, Zr(OH)4 powders move and deposit on the mouth of plasma discharge channel under the effect of electric field force, then it is transformed to ZrO2 by the high temperature of plasma discharge.
23

Gu, G. Y., J. Shang, and X. Y. Zhang. "Improved frictional properties of WS2/TiO2 composite layer in situ prepared on TC4 alloy." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.1912.955.

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WS2/TiO2 composite layer was successfully in situ prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation method adding Na2S and Na2WO4 into electrolyte. The structure, morphology and frictional properties of the composite layer were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D confocal microscopy. It was found that the WS2/TiO2 composite layer is denser and has a lower friction coefficient when the adding concentration is 10–20 g/L. The WS2/TiO2 composite layer in situ prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation is a new method to improve the trilogical hehavior of TC4 alloy.
24

Rokosz, K., T. Hryniewicz, and W. Malorny. "Characterization of Coatings Created on Selected Titanium Alloys by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation." Advances in Materials Science 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2016-0001.

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Abstract The SEM and EDS results of coatings obtained on pure niobium and titanium alloys (NiTi and Ti6Al4V) by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in the electrolytes containing of 300 g and 600 g copper nitrate in 1 litre of concentrated phosphoric acid at 450 V for 3 minutes, are presented. The obtained coatings are porous and consist mainly of phosphorus within titanium and copper. For each coating, the Cu/P ratios were calculated. The maximum of that coefficient was found for niobium and Ti6Al4V alloy oxidised in the electrolyte containing 600 g of Cu(NO3)2 in 1 dm3 of H3PO4 and equaling to 0.22 (wt%) | 0.11 (at%). The minimum of Cu/P ratio was recorded for NiTi and Ti6Al4V alloys oxidised by PEO in electrolyte consisting of 300 g of copper nitrate in 1 dm3 of concentrated phosphoric acid and equals to 0.12 (wt%) | 0.06 (at%). The middle value of that ratio was recorded for NiTi and it equals to 0.16 (wt%) | 0.08 (at%).
25

Elkoca, Candan Şen. "Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Niobium Aluminide." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.13.

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Yüksek sürünme dirençleri ve düşük yoğunluklarıyla şu an kullanılmakta olan Ni-bazlı süperalaşımlardan daha üstün özellikler sergileyen intermetalik bileşikler, tercih edilen yüksek sıcaklık malzemeleri olmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle kutu sementasyon yöntemiyle saf Nb metali üzerinde bir NbAl3 intermetaliği oluşturulmuştur. Ardından, PEO ile NbAl3 intermetaliği üzerinde oluşturulan seramik kaplama ile NbAl3 tabakasının oksidasyon direnci geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sementasyon tabakasının anodik oksidasyonu sırasında yüzeyde oluşan olası amorf ya da farklı kristal yapılardaki Al2O3 fazları daha sonra 1000 oC’de 2 saat argon gazı altında tavlanarak oksidasyona dayanıklı ?-Al2O3 fazına çevrilmiştir.Uygulamaların performansını karşılaştırmak için tüm numuneler 4 saat süre ile 800, 900, 1000 ve 1100 oC’de 4 saat süre ile havada oksitlenmiştir.
26

Morgenstern, R., M. Sieber, T. Grund, T. Lampke, and B. Wielage. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of Titanium Aluminides." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 118 (March 2016): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/118/1/012025.

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27

Mann, R., S. Hansal, and W. E. G. Hansal. "Nanoparticle incorporation in plasma-electrolytic oxidation." Transactions of the IMF 94, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2016.1161268.

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28

Vasilyeva, Marina S., and Vladimir S. Rudnev. "Manganese-Containing Nanostructured Oxide Coatings on Titanium Formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 386 (September 2018): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.386.349.

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Nanostructured manganese-containing oxide coatings on titanium were formed by method of plasma electrolytic oxidation in tetraborate aqueous electrolyte containing manganese acetate with and without the acetonitrile addition. These oxide layers with high content of manganese and coated by ordered "leaf-like" mesh nanostructures are formed in the electrolyte without acetonitrile addition. The oxide layers are displayed high acitivity towards oxidation CO and photoactivity in the degradation reaction of methylene blue. The addition of acetonitrile into electrolyte results in the change in the morphology of the coating surface, a significant reduction in the manganese content and, as a consequence, practical loss of activity in the oxidation of CO in CO2 and a reduction in the photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue.
29

White, Leon, Youngmi Koo, Yeoheung Yun, and Jagannathan Sankar. "TiO2Deposition on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/319437.

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been used in the past as a useful surface treatment technique to improve the anticorrosion properties of Mg alloys by forming protective layer. Coatings were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy in phosphate electrolyte with the addition of TiO2nanoparticles using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). This present work focuses on developing a TiO2functional coating to create a novel electrophotocatalyst while observing the surface morphology, structure, composition, and corrosion resistance of the PEO coating. Microstructural characterization of the coating was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by image analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The corrosion resistance of the PEO treated samples was evaluated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and DC polarization tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. The XRD pattern shows that the components of the oxide film include Mg from the substrate as well as MgO and Mg2TiO4due to the TiO2nanoparticle addition. The results show that the PEO coating with TiO2nanoparticles did improve the corrosion resistance when compared to the AZ31 substrate alloy.
30

Guo, Ping Yi, Ning Wang, and Peng Fan. "Effect of the Electrolytic Solution Composition on Properties of Ceramic Coatings on Ti Produced by PEO." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.596.

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Ceramic oxide coatings were produced on pure titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation in different electrolytes. The variation of coating thickness with applied voltages revealed coating almost kept a steady-state growth rate in electrolyte A and B, but not for electrolyte C. Numerous nodules occurred on the surface of the coatings at 200V in electrolyte A and B, and then nodules disappeared with the applied voltage increasing to 300V. There was no nodules occurred, and pore size was evidently different in electrolyte C. When the applied voltage was 300V, the coating formed in electrolyte C exhibited the highest corrosion potential and lowest corrosion current density in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution.
31

Wang, Li, Wen Fu, and Li Chen. "The Effect of Discharge Parameters on the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Film’s Morphology." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.632.

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The effect of discharge parameters (the electrode distance, the electrolyte volume) of the plasma electrolytic oxidation on the magnesium alloy films’ surface morphology were investigated. The results show that the appropriate electrode distance is 30 mm, which exhibits a better PEO surface morphologies. The electrolyte volume should not be too large or too small, in the paper, the appropriate electrolyte volume is between 250-350 mL.
32

Huang, Zhiquan, Ruiqiang Wang, Xintong Liu, Dongdong Wang, Heng Zhang, Xiaojie Shen, Dejiu Shen, and Dalong Li. "Influence of Different Electrolyte Additives and Structural Characteristics of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy." Coatings 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090817.

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Coatings prepared by different electrolyte additives were investigated on AZ31 magnesium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. In this study, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed to assess the morphologies, chemical and phase compositions of the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings, respectively. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the composite coating. The investigation of the effect of electrolyte additives in the base electrolyte showed that the PEO specimens exhibit different surface and cross-sectional morphologies, and phase compositions. The results showed that SiO32− was conducive to the growth of the ceramic layer, and the ceramic layer developing in the electrolyte which contained AlO2− showed a typical double-layer structure. The corrosion resistance of coating formed in a phosphate bath was higher than that of the coating formed in silicate bath and coating formed in an aluminate bath. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the coating formed in the fluoride bath was the highest.
33

Rudnev, Vladimir S., Kirell N. Kilin, Irina V. Lukiyanchuk, and Marina S. Vasilyeva. "Methods for Controlling the Surface Architecture of Coatings Formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation." Solid State Phenomena 312 (November 2020): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.312.341.

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The paper considers approaches that can lead to the growth of micro-and nanocrystals on the surface of coatings formed on valve metals by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Among these approaches, there are the use of electrolytes-suspensions, the addition of organic compounds to the electrolytes, the thermal annealing of ‘PEO layer/metal’ composites, including impregnated ones.
34

Kozlov, I. A., S. S. Vinogradov, K. G. Tarasova, N. V. Kulyushina, and V. A. Manchenko. "PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS (review)." «Aviation Materials and Technologies», no. 1 (March 2019): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2071-9140-2019-0-1-23-36.

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35

Mohedano, Marta, and Beatriz Mingo. "Special Issue: Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010111.

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36

Hryniewicz, Tadeusz. "Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Metals and Alloys." Metals 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8121058.

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37

Minaev, A. N., S. V. Gnedenkov, S. L. Sinebryukhov, D. V. Mashtalyar, M. V. Sidorova, Yu V. Tsvetkov, and A. V. Samokhin. "Composite coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 47, no. 7 (November 27, 2011): 840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205111070112.

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38

Pezzato, Luca, Pietrogiovanni Cerchier, Katya Brunelli, Alessandra Bartolozzi, Roberta Bertani, and Manuele Dabalà. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings with fungicidal properties." Surface Engineering 35, no. 4 (March 2018): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2018.1441659.

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39

Wei, C. B., X. B. Tian, S. Q. Yang, X. B. Wang, Ricky K. Y. Fu, and Paul K. Chu. "Anode current effects in plasma electrolytic oxidation." Surface and Coatings Technology 201, no. 9-11 (February 2007): 5021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.103.

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40

Matykina, E., R. Arrabal, A. Mohamed, P. Skeldon, and G. E. Thompson. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of pre-anodized aluminium." Corrosion Science 51, no. 12 (December 2009): 2897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.08.004.

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41

Baron-Wiecheć, A., M. Curioni, R. Arrabal, E. Matykina, P. Skeldon, and G. E. Thompson. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of coupled light metals." Transactions of the IMF 91, no. 2 (March 2013): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0020296712z.00000000083.

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42

Hung, Nguyen Duc, Vu Nang Nam, and Le Van Trung. "ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION OF NANO SILVER BY HIGH DC VOLTAGE COMBINED WITH ANODIC PLASMA." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 57, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/57/2/12578.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgPNs) were prepared by high-voltage electrochemical methods using silver anode to produce silver ions and hydrogen gas at the cathode from electrolysis of distilled water as solvents. The electrolyte solution resulting from the AgPNs product obtained does not contain ions of the electrolyte solution such as conventional chemical or electrochemical methods. Silver anode dissolution process will provide Ag+ and disperse it into distilled water. The process of generating H2 from the electrolysis of H2O disperses into distilled water and escapes upward towards the anode due to the arrangement of the electrolytic vaporizer vertically above the anode and the cathode below. Ag+ and H2's encounter in the aqueous solution will take the oxidation-reduction reaction to form AgPNs. Due to the high-voltage DC electrolytic processes that generate gas on the electrodes, both high-voltage and high magnetic fields, as well as high water-distillation resistance, will increase the solution temperature as favorable conditions to form an electrochemical plasma on the electrodes. The plasma electrode process that separates water into H2 and O2 can occur simultaneously by electrochemical reactions that contribute to the supply of large amounts of gas to participate in oxidative reactions - reducing the formation of AgPNs. The properties of the AgPNs solution prepared by high-voltage DC lines were determined by UV-Vis, electrical conductivity, TEM, zeta potential, particle size distribution as well as content determined by weight lost method, Faraday's law and AAS analysis. Anodic plasma can be generated by stable high voltage mode to decompose water that supports electrochemical reactions that form AgPNs with structural, physicochemical and structural properties as well as comparable constituents be with the current methods.
43

Zolotarjovs, Aleksejs, Rudolfs Piksens, Krisjanis Smits, Virginija Vitola, Gatis Tunens, Ernests Einbergs, Arturs Zarins, and Gunta Kizane. "Chromium Luminescence in Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on Aluminum Surface." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2022): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111733.

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With plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), one can easily obtain thick (tens of microns), mechanically resilient and chemically stable oxide coating on aluminum and other valve metal alloys. The study of luminescent PEO coatings is a relatively new subfield of the already well-established coating preparation methods. In recent years, many new luminescence-based approaches have been developed, one of which is the detection of ionizing radiation of carbon-doped PEO alumina coating. This study presents an improved approach by doping the alumina coating with chromium using citric acid as an additive in the electrolyte. Trivalent chromium ions replacing aluminum in the crystalline lattice of the coating exhibit characteristic sharp lines in the luminescence spectrum. The effectiveness of different DC voltages, process times and citric acid concentrations in electrolyte were examined. The use of citric acid in the electrolyte also provides the conditions required for the formation of an energy trap in the bandgap of the material, thus opening up the possibility for the coating to be used as an ionizing radiation detector by measuring its thermoluminescence. Chromium atoms are incorporated in the coating from the Al6082 aluminum alloy itself and are not added in the electrolyte, therefore making the process much more reliable, repeatable, and environmentally friendly.
44

Pan, Su, Xiaohua Tu, Jianxing Yu, Yang Zhang, Chengping Miao, Yaling Xu, Rui Fu, and Jiayou Li. "Optimization of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Anodizing Process in NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 Environmental-Friendly Electrolyte." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050578.

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The optimization of NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 electrolyte for the plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated through orthogonal tests. The properties of the anodized films were evaluated by film thickness, roughness measurements, salt spray tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiodynamic polarization tests, respectively. The orthogonal tests revealed that the optimal formulation of the electrolyte comprised NaOH 45 g/L, Na2SiO3 50 g/L, and Na2B4O7 90 g/L. NaOH exhibited the most significant effect on film thickness, while Na2SiO3 had the greatest effect on corrosion resistance. Moreover, the optimal electrical parameters were also obtained with the values of current density 1 A /dm2, oxidation time 15 min, pulse frequency 200 Hz and duty cycle of 10%. The surface morphology of the anodized coating formed under optimal conditions was uniform and compact. Furthermore, the phase compositions of all samples were mainly composed of MgO and Mg2SiO4. The corrosion potential, corrosion current density and polarization resistance of the prepared coating by plasma electrolytic oxidation improved remarkably compared with that of the substrate.
45

Pan, Su, Xiaohua Tu, Jianxing Yu, Yang Zhang, Chengping Miao, Yaling Xu, Rui Fu, and Jiayou Li. "Optimization of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Anodizing Process in NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 Environmental-Friendly Electrolyte." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050578.

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The optimization of NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7 electrolyte for the plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated through orthogonal tests. The properties of the anodized films were evaluated by film thickness, roughness measurements, salt spray tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiodynamic polarization tests, respectively. The orthogonal tests revealed that the optimal formulation of the electrolyte comprised NaOH 45 g/L, Na2SiO3 50 g/L, and Na2B4O7 90 g/L. NaOH exhibited the most significant effect on film thickness, while Na2SiO3 had the greatest effect on corrosion resistance. Moreover, the optimal electrical parameters were also obtained with the values of current density 1 A /dm2, oxidation time 15 min, pulse frequency 200 Hz and duty cycle of 10%. The surface morphology of the anodized coating formed under optimal conditions was uniform and compact. Furthermore, the phase compositions of all samples were mainly composed of MgO and Mg2SiO4. The corrosion potential, corrosion current density and polarization resistance of the prepared coating by plasma electrolytic oxidation improved remarkably compared with that of the substrate.
46

Rudnev, V. S., T. P. Yarovaya, K. N. Kilin, and I. V. Malyshev. "Plasma-electrolytic oxidation of valve metals in Zr(IV)-containing electrolytes." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 46, no. 4 (July 2010): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205110040118.

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47

Franz, Silvia, Daniele Perego, Ottavia Marchese, Andrea Lucotti, and Massimiliano Bestetti. "Photoactive TiO2 coatings obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in refrigerated electrolytes." Applied Surface Science 385 (November 2016): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.032.

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48

Pereira, Bruno Leandro, Aline Rossetto da Luz, Carlos Maurício Lepienski, Irineu Mazzaro, and Neide Kazue Kuromoto. "Niobium treated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation with calcium and phosphorus electrolytes." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 77 (January 2018): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.08.010.

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49

Al Afghani, Fajar, and Anawati Anawati. "Plasma electrolytic oxidation of zircaloy-4 in a mixed alkaline electrolyte." Surface and Coatings Technology 426 (November 2021): 127786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127786.

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50

Rudnev, V. S., K. N. Kilin, I. V. Malyshev, T. P. Yarovaya, P. M. Nedozorov, and A. A. Popovich. "Plasma-electrolytic oxidation of titanium in Zr(SO4)2-containing electrolyte." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 46, no. 6 (November 2010): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205110060134.

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