Дисертації з теми "Electrolyte liquid"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Electrolyte liquid".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Wakizaka, Yasuaki. "EMITFSI, an ionic liquid electrolyte for lithium batteries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484958.
Повний текст джерелаSafa, Meer N. "Poly (Ionic Liquid) Based Electrolyte for Lithium Battery Application." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3746.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Poul Nicolas. "Charge transfer at the high-temperature superconductor/liquid electrolyte interface." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391279.
Повний текст джерелаBodin, Charlotte. "Etude des dynamiques d’électrolytes à base de liquides ioniques redox pour une application en supercondensateur." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS145.
Повний текст джерелаElectrolytes are at the heart of batteries and supercapacitors and their primary role is to conduct ions, and even if their specifications are actually more complex: chemical stability, high cell voltage, high conductivity. However, depending on the design of the molecules that compose the cation and/or anion, their function could be expanded. Ionic liquids are particularly suitable for this functionalization because of their interesting properties as an electrolyte and their ease of synthesis.In the field of supercapacitors, energy density is a technological limitation. To address this, an innovative strategy is the addition of redox molecules to the electrolyte to participate in charge storage. Despite the promise to increase energy densities (or apparent capacities), the use of redox electrolyte faces two clearly identified limitations: (1) the diffusion of redox molecules decreases the coulombic efficiency and (2) the self-discharge is important. One of these possibilities is the use of biredox ionic liquids (2 oxidation-reducing pairs). This thesis work focused on the study of electrolyte dynamics based on redox ionic liquids for supercapacitor application. The effect of the confinement of redox electrolytes in the porosity of carbon electrodes has been studied. Thanks to this, the different interactions as diffusion and adsorption between redox ionic liquids and electrodes are described. The formalism used to understand these different electrochemical dynamics allow us to combine theory and experimentation to go ever further in understanding the interactions of redox ionic liquids as an electrolyte for energy storage
Aynalem, Andinet Ejigu. "Electrocatalysis of fuel cell reactions using protic ionic liquid as an electrolyte." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606336.
Повний текст джерелаPierre, Fritz 1977. "The design of a microfabricated air electrode for liquid electrolyte fuel cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42286.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
In this dissertation, the microfabricated electrode (MFE) concept was applied to the design of an air electrode for liquid electrolyte fuel cells. The catalyst layer of the electrode is envisioned to be fabricated by using a microfabricated die to apply a three-dimensionally patterned macro-texture upon a microporous carbon matrix. The resulting dual porosity structure consists of an array of cylindrical holes that are formed from the die and micropores present in the carbon matrix. The holes are used for gas transport while the micropores are saturated with a liquid electrolyte for ion transport. The catalyst is loaded into the microfabricated structure by electrodepositing thin catalyst films within the cylindrical holes. In this dissertation, three issues concerning the design of the MFE were investigated: 1) identification of the best material to use for the microporous carbon matrix, 2) the study of electrokinetic parameters of electrodeposited Pt films, and 3) the study of oxygen transport behavior within a Pt film supported on the surface of a microporous carbon matrix. Two types of polymer-bonded carbon materials have been identified as suitable materials for the carbon matrix. They are carbon black particles bonded into a microporous matrix either by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrils or by polyethersulfone (PES), which is a soluble polymer in common solvents. Experiments and modeling have indicated that these materials will allow the microfabricated catalyst layer to have an effective ionic conductivity that is 4 to 5 times greater than the conventional catalyst layer. Rotating disk electrode experiments on electrodeposited Pt films in 0.5 M sulfuric acid show that these films have an oxygen reduction reaction mass activity that is 2.5 times greater than that of Pt particles supported on carbon black.
(cont.) Furthermore, oxygen gain experiments on electrodeposited Pt films supported on a microporous membrane indicate that these films experienced no oxygen transport losses in air, up to a current density of 130 mA/cm2. These results strongly support the use of thin catalyst film technology in catalyst layers of fuel cells. The experimental results presented this dissertation were used to develop a half-cell model of the MFE in concentrated phosphoric acid. The results of the model suggest that the MFE is capable of producing a current density 3.5 times greater than that of the conventional electrode. It is believed that such potential improvements in the performance of the air electrode support continued efforts to fabricate and test the MFE design concept presented in this dissertation.
by Pierre Fritz, Jr.
Ph.D.
Gao, Jiajia. "Electrolyte-Based Dynamics: Fundamental Studies for Stable Liquid Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187025.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20160517
Freitas, Flavio Santos 1982. "Estudo de novos eletrolitos polimericos e aplicação em celulas solares de TiO2/corante." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250665.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T14:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_FlavioSantos_M.pdf: 1335737 bytes, checksum: 43bb80b2fab0adc9d9092583a0f45e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram investigados eletrólitos poliméricos baseados em poli(óxido de etileno-co-2-(2-metoxietoxi) etilglicidiléter) - P(EO-EM) com adição do oligômero dibenzoato de etileno-glicol (DIB)/LiI/I2 e poli(óxido de etileno-co-óxido de propileno) - P(EO-PO), com adição do líquido iônico iodeto de 1-metil-3- propilimidazólio (MPII)/I2 (com e sem a presença de LiI), visando a aplicação em células solares de TiO2/corante. Os eletrólitos foram caracterizados por Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Hidrogênio (H RMN) e Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (EIE). Para o sistema P(EO-EM)/DIB, os estudos realizados por DSC e FTIR mostraram alta homogeneidade entre os componentes, com evidências de coordenação de sal no copolímero e no oligômero. Nas medidas de condutividade iônica, verificou-se saturação em ~10 S cm a partir de 10 % de LiI para todas as proporções de PEO-EM/DIB. Como conseqüência, a aplicação de eletrólitos com 20 % de LiI apresentou resultados bem similares, independente da proporção de DIB no sistema, indicando que os processos cinéticos relacionados ao transporte de carga são diferentes dos eletrólitos géis reportados na literatura, não sendo verificada mudança no potencial de circuito aberto (VOC) dos dispositivos. Para o sistema P(EO-PO)/MPII, as análises por DSC, FTIR e H RMN evidenciaram interações entre o oxigênio do copolímero e o hidrogênio do cátion imidazólio, possibilitando aumento na difusão do par I /I3 (estimado em 1,9x 10 cm s para o eletrólito com 70 % de MPII). A maior condutividade iônica foi obtida para o eletrólito com 70 % de MPII (2,4 x 10 S cm), possibilitando a montagem de células solares com eficiência de 5,66 %. Para todos os dispositivos, a presença de íons I3 promoveu aumento nas reações de recombinação, observando-se valores menores para o VOC com o aumento da concentração de MPII nos eletrólitos. Após a adição de LiI, não foram observadas melhores eficiências em comparação aos dispositivos montados sem a adição do sal. Esses resultados indicam que eletrólitos poliméricos baseados na combinação de polímero e líquido iônico consistem em sistemas promissores para aplicação em células solares.
Abstract: New polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide-co-2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethylglycidylether) - P(EO-EM) with addition of the oligomer ethyleneglycol dibenzoate (DIB)/LiI/I2, and poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) - P(EO-PO) with addition of the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium (MPII)/I2 (with and without LiI) were investigated in this work aiming at the application in dye-sensitized solar cells. The electrolytes were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (H NMR) and Complex Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). For the P(EO-EM)/DIB system, the DSC and FTIR measurements revealed a homogeneous mixture, with evidence of coordination of the salt with both the copolymer and the oligomer. The ionic conductivity measurements presented saturation in ~10 S cm for samples containing at least 10 % of LiI, for all P(EO-EM)/DIB concentration ratios. As consequence, the solar cells assembled with electrolytes containing 20 % of LiI presented similar performance, regardless of the DIB concentration, indicating that the kinetic processes related to the charge transport in these systems are different from those usually observed for gel electrolytes (which cause changes in the open circuit potential, VOC, of the devices). For the P(EO-PO)/MPII system, the DSC, FTIR and HNMR measurements revealed the presence of interactions between the oxygen atoms in the copolymer and the hydrogen atoms from the imidazolium cation, which increased the diffusion of the I/I3 redox couple (estimated to be 1,0 x 10 cm s for the electrolyte containing 70 % if MPII). The highest ionic conductivity was observed for the electrolyte containing 70 % of MPII (2,4 x 10 S cm), leading to the assembly of solar cells with 5,66 % of efficiency. In all the devices assembled, the presence of I3 ions leads to an increase of the recombination reactions, thus reducing the VOC values. This effect is more pronounced for higher concentrations of MPII in the electrolyte. After addition of LiI to these systems, no improvements in the device efficiency were observed. These results show that polymer electrolytes based on the mixture of polymer and ionic liquids are very promissing systems for application in solar cells.
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestre em Química
Duluard, Sandrine Nathalie. "Study and set-up of ionic liquid based electrolytic membranes for flexible electrochromic devices." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13678/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectrochromism is the reversible colour change of a material upon electrochemical oxidation or reduction. This thesis will focus on the study of ionic liquid (BMIPF6 and BMITFSI), lithium salt (LiTFSI) and polymer (PMMA) based electrolytes and on the preparation of electrochromic devices with PEDOT, Prussian Blue or one of its analogues InHCF, as electrochromic materials. The measurement of ionic conductivity by EIS, thermo-gravimetric analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy and measurement of diffusion coefficients of these electrolytes highlight the interactions between the different species of the electrolyte. Electrochromic materials (PEDOT, BP, InHCF) are then studied in a model electrolyte (LiTFSI 0.03 / 0.97 BMITFSI), their electrochromic properties are detailed. Finally, flexible electrochromic devices are made and their properties of colouration and cycling are presented
Piana, Giulia. "Electrolyte solide innovant à base de liquides ioniques pour micro-accumulateurs au lithium : réalisation par voie humide et caractérisation des propriétés de transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS359/document.
Повний текст джерелаNew deposition techniques compatible with making tridimensional geometries are currently being investigated with the aim of improving the performances of lithium microbatteries. This work focuses on the development of a new quasi-solid electrolyte deposited by a “wet process”. An ionic liquid-based membrane containing a lithium salt was prepared by the photo-induced polymerization of a dimethacrylate oligomer. New methods such as a new type of conductivity cell based on planar interdigitated electrodes to measure ionic conductivity as well as in-situ monitoring of photo-polymerization using impedance spectroscopy were used. Transport properties of lithium ion were measured by PGSE-NMR. Interestingly, a significant reduction of lithium ion mobility was observed after UV-curing while the total ionic conductivity only decreased slightly. This phenomenon is due to the formation of lithium ion complexes with ethylene oxide moieties of the solid matrix, evidenced by Raman spectroscopy measurements. Additionally, we have shown that the structures of the complexes depend on the salt concentration and a dual solid/liquid transport mechanism was suggested. Hence, in order to improve lithium ion diffusion, a co-polymer was added in an attempt to decrease the cross-linking density of the solid matrix thus improving its segmental motion. The cyclability of the all solid state micro batteries was indeed improved. Comparable performances with the standard solid electrolyte LiPON were obtained at room temperature. In summary, it was established that electrochemical performances of the solid state microbatteries depend to a certain extent on the structure of the polymer electrolyte. Therefore it is possible to find new ways in designing these types of electrolytes for further improvement
Cosar, Mustafa Burak. "The Development Of Bifacial Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based On Binary Ionic Liquid Electrolyte." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615376/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаm thick photoanode coating which is considered to be the ideal coating thickness for the diffusion length of electrolyte and dye absorption. A significant increase in the photocurrent for DSSCs with optimum molarity of 0.1 M GuSCN was observed due to decreased recombination which is believed to be surface passivation effect at photoanode electrolyte interface suppressing recombination rate. Moreover, optimum NMB molarity was found to be 0.4 for maximum efficiency. Addition of SiO2 to the electrolyte both as an overlayer and dispersed particles enhanced rear side illuminated cells where dispersed particles are found to be more efficient for the front side illuminated cells due to additional electron transport properties. Best rear side illuminated cell efficiency was 3.2% compared to front side illuminated cell efficiency of 4.2% which is a promising result for future rear side dye sensitized solar cell applications where front side illumination is not possible like tandem structures and for cells working from both front and rear side illuminations.
Ding, Yulong. "Numerical simulations of gas-liquid two-phase flow in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42648.
Повний текст джерелаChen, PoYun. "Role of Ionic Liquid in Electroactive Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Energy Harvesting and Storage." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1590688110146547.
Повний текст джерелаHu, Qichao. "Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces in Solid Polymer Lithium Batteries." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10187.
Повний текст джерелаEngineering and Applied Sciences
KIATKITTIKUL, PISIT. "フルオロハイドロジェネートイオン液体を用いた無加湿燃料電池に関する研究". Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199545.
Повний текст джерелаKIATKITTIKUL, PISIT. "A study on nonhumidified fuel cells using fluorohydrogenate ionic liquids." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199414.
Повний текст джерелаMaeshima, Hiroyuki. "Theoretical Study of Electrochemical Stability and Ionic Conductivity of Organic Liquid Electrolytes." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188591.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Chen. "Structural Studies of Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263807.
Повний текст джерела京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(総合学術)
甲第23346号
総総博第19号
京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻
(主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 内本 喜晴, 特定教授 橋本 道雄
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy
Kyoto University
DFAM
Yarmolenko, O. V., A. V. Yudina, G. Z. Tulibaeva, A. V. Cherniak, V. I. Volkov, and A. F. Shestakov. "Influence of Inorganic Nano-powders on the Structure and Conductive Properties of the Network Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35511.
Повний текст джерелаMonteiro, Marcelo José. "Fenômenos de transporte em líquidos iônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-08112010-090519/.
Повний текст джерелаThe searching for reliable power sources for electrical engines has lead to great efforts in order to synthesize new electrolytes to be used in Li-ion batteries in order to make them powerful and safe. Ionic liquids have been widely studied for this purpose. Lithium salt solutions of Li(CF3SO2)2N, LiTf2N, in a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium cation, BMMI, and the (CF3SO2)2N-, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, Tf2N, were prepared in different concentrations. The addition of a lithium salt to this RTIL decreases the mobility of all species, especially Li+. Estimated conductivities (NMR-PGSE), Raman spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation data suggest the formation of aggregates formed by [Tf2N] anions around Li+, with [Tf2N]´s oxygen atoms pointing toward Li+. These aggregates increase as LiTf2N content is increased, thus contributing to diminish conductivity. To overcome this obstacle, it was synthesized ionic liquids with ether-function-containing cations, so, oxygen atom from the ether group could compete for Li+ against the oxygen atoms from [Tf2N], preventing Li+ to form high mass aggregates improving the Li+ diffusion process. The chosen cations were the 1,2-dimethyl-imidazolium and N-methylmorpholine. RTILs were represented by [Et2OMMI][Tf2N] and [Et2OMor][Tf2N], respectively. Results show that [Et2OMMI][Tf2N] has a lower electrochemical window (3,8V) than [BMMI][Tf2N] (4,6V), but their reduction potential is equal, which makes them resistant to reduction by metallic lithium. These two RTIL´s have almost the same density and the viscosity of [Et2OMMI][Tf2N] is 20% lower than that of [BMMI][Tf2N]. Being less viscous, it is expected that [Et2OMMI][Tf2N] had a higher conductivity. It has in fact a conductivity 40% higher than [BMMI][Tf2N], which suggests that the ether chain add some structural modification to the system, showing that in this case, changes in charge transport is not only a function of the fluidity. Diffusion coefficients of [Et2OMMI][Tf2N] are higher than those of [Et2OMor][Tf2N], but a little bit lower than those of [BMMI][Tf2N]. It was also addressed the physical property changes in [BMMI][Tf2N] with the increasing addition of SO2. All the transport properties have improved and a decrease in ionic pair formation was suggested by experiment data
Ramirez, Nedher Sánchez. "Novos líquidos iônicos para aplicações como eletrólitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-20012015-151228/.
Повний текст джерелаIonic liquids (ILs), are of great interest nowadays as electrolytes for lithium ion batteries due their unique characteristics, which include: liquid state over a wide temperature range; nonvolatility, which assures thermal stability and nonflammability; high ion content, which results in high ionic conductivity; and excellent chemical and electrochemical stability. ILs consists of an organic cation and an inorganic or organic anion. In order to improve the transport properties, the cation and anion of the ionic liquid were changed. Three ionic liquids derived from the anion [B(CN)4]- were synthetized and chararacterized: [BMPYR][B(CN)4] (N-n-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate) [BMP][B(CN)4] (N-n-butyl-Nmethylpiperidinium tetracyanoborate) and [BMMI][B(CN)4] (1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetracyanoborate). The first two are liquid at room temperature. When comparing these ionic liquid with the analogous ones containing the anion Tf2N, it was found that ILs derivates from tetracyanoborate have better transport properties which is reflected in a larger value of parameter conductivity of lithium (σLi). Moreover these ILs have higher chemical and electrochemical stability. The Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the BMPYRB(CN)4 and BMPB(CN)4 liquids and their mixtures with lithium salt (0.1 mol L-1 of LiB(CN)4); it was demonstrated that the interaction between the lithium ion and anion tetracyanoborate is very low, which explains the high values of conductivity and transport numbers of lithium in these systems. Furthermore five ionic liquids from the phosphonium cation was synthesized always using the anion [Tf2N]-; being liquid at room temperature only the ILs [P2225][Tf2N] (triethyln-pentylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and [P222(201)][Tf2N] (triethyl (2- methoxyethyl) phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide) imide). It was found that these liquids have excellent transport properties and electrochemical stability when compared with their counterparts derived from nitrogen; furthermore, when lithium salt LiTf2N, was added at concentrations of 1 and 2 mol L-1, the ILs containing the phosphonium cations have also shown a decrease in the transport properties, however, the effect is less pronounced when compared to ionic liquids derived from nitrogen, presenting higher transport number and lithium ion conductivity.
Wang, Ying. "Development and Characterization of Advanced Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage and Conversion Devices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83859.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Higashino, Shota. "Electrodeposition of reactive metals and alloys from non-aqueous electrolytes and their applications." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259066.
Повний текст джерелаWatari, Raku. "Electrochemical behavior of a liquid tin electrode in molten ternary salt electrolyte containing sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, and tin chloride." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104316.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-34).
One of the key limitations in the wide-scale adoption of mature renewable energy technologies is the lack of grid-level energy storage solutions. One important figure of merit in these battery systems is a high rate capability to match fluctuating demands for electricity. Molten salt batteries are an attractive option for stationary storage due to fast kinetics and good cycling capability, but high temperatures (>300 °C) limit available materials. In this thesis, the molten NaCl-AlCl3-SnCl2 electrolyte and liquid Sn electrode couple at 250 °C is investigated as part of the potential cell Na I NaCl-AlCl 3-SnCl2 I Sn for a lower temperature molten salt battery. An electrochemical study of the kinetics in the molten salt electrolyte and at the liquid Sn electrode-electrolyte interface is conducted using cyclic voltammetry and the galvanostatic pulse method. The liquid metal electrode is found to have suitably fast kinetics with an exchange current density of 92 mA/cm2. Parameters for a new Na+ conducting membrane are proposed, requiring an ionic conductivity of 0.056 S/cm, which would allow for a hypothetical Na I NaCl-AlC 3-SnCl2 I Sn battery to operate with an energy efficiency of 70%.
by Raku Watari.
S.B.
Leclere, Mélody. "Synthèse de (poly)électrolytes pour accumulateur Li-ion à haute densité d'énergie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis work presented in this manuscript focuses on the development of new electrolytes without the use of flammable conventional solvents to improve the security problem batteries. The first part of this work is the preparation of gelled electrolytes from phosphonium ionic liquid. A study is performed on the compatibility between the electrolyte and the polymer host epoxy / amine as well as the influence of the polymerization LI on the network. The thermal properties, and ionic transport viscoelastic gels are discussed. Among the obtained gelled electrolyte, the gel containing the electrolyte (1 M LiTFSI + LI [P66614] [TFSI]) showed interesting electrochemical properties. A gelled system Li | LFP has been implemented and good cycling stability at 100 ° C was obtained. The second part of this work is the development of new liquid crystal electrolytes promotes transport of lithium ions with hopping mechanism. An anionic compound was synthesized from reaction of an epoxy / amine from lithium 4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonate and an aliphatic diglycidyl ether. Various characterization technical were used to establish a link structure / properties. The results allowed to show a lamellar supramolecular organization to obtain lithium ion conduction channels. The ion transport measurement helped to highlight a transport of lithium ions following an Arrhenius law (independent of the molecular backbone) which is evidence of a transport mechanism of lithium ions with hopping mechanism. The first electrochemical tests showed good stability of these electrolytes with lithium electrode and a reversible lithium ion transport in a symmetrical cell Li | Li. Following this work, the prospects are discussed to improve the performance of these electrolytes
Bolimowska, Ewelina. "Étude des interfaces électrodes/électrolyte à base de liquides ioniques pour batterie lithium-ion." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1104.
Повний текст джерелаIn lithium ion batteries, the commercial organic electrolytes induce difficulties in the manufacturing and the use of the battery (volatile and flammable components). There are active research to eliminate these safety problems, one of the approach is the replacement of conventional battery electrolytes with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which exhibit negligible vapor pressure, low flammability, high flash point. The use of ILs based electrolytes for carbon based electrodes requires presence of organic additive for improving the cyclic performance. The aim of this thesis was to determine the exact role of the organic additive through experimental and computer simulation methodologies. Its impact onto the solvation and transportation of lithium cation was investigated through {1H-7Li}, {1H-19F} NOE correlations (HOESY), and pulsed field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR experiences and Molecular Dynamic simulation. The electrochemical studies were developed such as electrochemical window, galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation and cycling voltammetry showing the obtained capacity of the cell and [Li+] insertion stages during the first reduction step. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during the first reduction process, and XPS analysis of post mortem Gr electrodes stopped at chosen potential during the first reduction process, as well as, after the several charge/discharge cycles were used
Trindade, Júnior Valter Nunes. "Aplicação do método da minimização da energia de Gibbs no cálculo de equilíbrio químico e de fases em sistemas eletrolíticos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266821.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TrindadeJunior_ValterNunes_M.pdf: 1919393 bytes, checksum: 3d6999675b8995d4420ac44773a78c43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Em diversas aplicações industriais são utilizadas misturas contendo diferentes solutos, muitas vezes estes são solutos não voláteis, como por exemplo, os eletrólitos. O equilíbrio químico e de fases ocorrem nas diversas operações unitárias contidas nessas aplicações. As próprias etapas de produção, bem como as etapas de separação e purificação, são fundamentais para a qualidade dos produtos. Com isso, o cálculo do comportamento do equilíbrio de sais em solventes é de grande importância para o projeto e a otimização desses equipamentos. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia confiável e robusta para o cálculo do equilíbrio químico e de fases combinado, em soluções eletrolíticas. O estudo do comportamento do equilíbrio foi feito com a variação da pressão e/ou a temperatura nos sistemas estudados. Este trabalho propôs uma modelagem considerando uma fase vapor, n fases liquidas e uma fase sólida, por meio da metodologia de minimização da energia de Gibbs. A fase vapor foi considerada ideal e a fase solida foi considerada como sólido puro. Para representação da não idealidade da fase líquida foi utilizado o modelo NRTL eletrolítico, esta formulação matemática resulta em um problema que deve ser tratado como um problema de otimização não-linear. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com dados experimentais extraídos da literatura em sistemas contendo um sal em solução com um solvente ou misturas de solventes no equilíbrio sólido-líquido e no equilíbrio líquido-vapor. A vantagem desta abordagem é não ter que estabelecer previamente quais fases se formarão, o processo de minimização da energia de Gibbs estabelece o número de fases formadas nos sistema automaticamente. Para a resolução do problema de otimização foi utilizado o software GAMS® (General Algebraic Modeling Systems), versão 23.2.1, com o solver CONOPT que utiliza o algoritmo do Gradiente Generalizado Reduzido
Abstract: In several industrial applications are used mixtures containing different solutes, often these solutes are non-volatile, such as electrolytes. The phase and chemical equilibrium in these processes occur in the various unit operations. The stages of production, as well as the separation and purification steps are critical to product quality. Thus, the calculation of the behavior of the equilibrium of salts in solvents is of great importance for the design and optimization of this type of equipment. The main objective of this work was to develop a methodology for calculation of the combined phase and chemical equilibrium in electrolytic solutions. In this study, the behavior of the equilibrium was done by varying the pressure and the temperature in the systems studied. In the model were made the following considerations: a vapor phase, n liquid phase and a solid phase, using the methodology of minimizing the Gibbs energy. The vapor phase was considered ideal and phase solida was considered as pure solid. To represent the nonideality of the liquid phase we used the electrolyte NRTL model (e-NRTL), in this way, the problem should be treated as a nonlinear optimization problem. The results were compared with literature data with solutions containing an electrolyte in solvent or solvents mixtures for Solid-Liquid and vapor-Liquid equilibrium. The modeling was written as a nonlinear programming. The advantage of this program is not having to know in advance what phases will be formed, the process of minimization of Gibbs energy determines the phases automatically. The program was solved in GAMS® software (General Algebraic Modeling System), version 23.2.1, with CONOPT solver that uses the Generalized Reduced Gradient algorithm
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Mazilier, Christian. "Etude des proprietes physicochimiques de l'interface developpee entre le dioxyde de titane et diverses solutions aqueuses." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066412.
Повний текст джерелаSrour, Hassan. "Développement d’un électrolyte à base de liquide ionique pour accumulateur au Lithium." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10160/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn lithium ion batteries, the electrolyte plays an important role because its physicochemical and electrochemical properties determine their efficiency. Currently, the used organic electrolytes induce difficulties in the manufacturing and the use of the battery (volatile and flammable components). New electrolytes based on molten salts at room temperature, called ionic liquids, are safer potential candidates (low flammability, low vapor pressure, high flash point) with a wide electrochemical window. The first stage of this PhD was to design new and more efficient synthetic routes, taking into account the environmental requirements (waste minimization, no solvent) and allowing the elaboration of ionic liquids with high purity> 99.5%, compatible with an industrial production. New ionic liquids derived from imidazolium cation were then designed in order to modulate their physicochemical properties, and to optimize their performance in batteries. They were evaluated in various battery technologies (Graphite/LiFePO4) and (Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4) under different experimental conditions, 298 K and 333 K, when the conventional lithium ion batteries (organic electrolyte) are used only under 313 K. This PhD work has identified the chemical modifications to yield the most promising electrolytes, and highlighted the importance of the study on the understanding of ionic liquid/electrode interphase phenomena
Bernard, Laurent. "Caractérisation multi-échelle de la structure et du transport de cristaux liquides ioniques : vers des électrolytes solides innovants pour batteries lithium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY002.
Повний текст джерелаOne major issue towards large-scale application of lithium-based batteries concerns their safety which is directly related to the nature of the electrolyte. Solid electrolytes are at present considered as a promising approach to avoid the risks related to the commonly employed liquids. Herein we report the synthesis and the characterization of a promising class of electrolytes: Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals (TILCs). We describe the design and the synthesis of new self-assembled single-ion materials in function of their chemical architecture. We performed a systematic structural and functional properties study, demonstrating the crystal-liquid properties as well as the supramolecular organization into columnar phases. One of the most promising TILC shows a conductivity of 10-4 S.cm-1 at 70°C. The ion dynamics was probed at molecular scale to establish the main features of hopping conduction mechanism. Further polymerization of the TILCs could be applied to develop high performance single-ion polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Lundin, Simon, and Linus Lundin. "Fire properties of fluorine-free electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72499.
Повний текст джерелаMånga länder inklusive Sverige planerar att byta ut fordon som använder fossila bränslen mot elfordon. Detta är en av huvudanledningarna till att företag runt om i världen satsar mer och mer pengar på att utveckla litiumjonbatterier för elfordon. Litiumjonbatterier medför en del risker såsom hög värmeutveckling, brandfarliga vätskor, risk för explosion och toxiska gaser samt produceringen av vätefluorid. Redan vid låga koncentrationer är vätefluoriden dödlig. Riskerna baseras på strukturen av elektrolyten som finns i litiumjonbatteriet. På grund av dessa risker så är det intressant att utveckla en elektrolyt som har liknande batteriegenskaper men bättre brandegenskaper än de elektrolyter som finns och används idag. I detta arbete har brandegenskaper för olika halogenfria elektrolyter testats. De två nyutvecklade salterna Li[MEA] & Li[MEEA] har tillsammans med det existerande saltet Li[BOB] jämförts med det kommersiella saltet litium hexafluorfosfat (LiPF6) som används till många elektrolyter i dagens litiumjonbatterier. De fysiska och elektrokemiska egenskaperna såsom löslighet i organiska lösningsmedel, densitet, viskositet, jonkonduktiviet och elektrokemiskt fönster har testats för elektrolyterna i den första delen av arbetet. Elektrolyterna som uppvisade de mest lovande elektrokemiska egenskaper har även testats med avseende på brandegenskaperna, så som värmeutveckling, flampunkt och toxicitet. Elektrolyterna jämfördes mot den vanligt förekommande elektrolyten som innehåller litium hexafluorfosfat. Saltet Li[BOB] löstes inte i lösningsmedel med bra lösningsegenskaper, vilket var anledningen till att det inte genomfördes ytterligare tester på den. Elektrolyterna som det genomfördes tester på avseende på brandegenskaper innehöll Li[MEA] och Li[MEEA] tillsammans med de organiska lösningsmedlen etylenekarbonat och dimetylkarbonat. För Li[MEEA] tillsattes det även jonvätska för att undersöka hur jonvätskan påverkar brandegenskaperna för elektrolyten. När värmeutveckling för det nyutvecklade salterna och LiPF6 undersöktes, så uppvisade de liknande värden. Anmärkningsvärt var dock att förbränningstiden för LiPF6 varade under en kortare period i jämförelse med de tre andra elektrolyterna. En trolig orsak till detta är att LiPF6 innehåller fluor. Elektrolyterna som provades i konkalorimeter i detta arbete var ej laddade, vilket kan medföra att värmeutvecklingen kan se annorlunda ut vid ett laddat tillstånd. För framtida studier kan det vara intressant att konstruera ett komplett litiumjonbatteri, för att se hur elektrolyterna fungerar och påverkas, beroende på laddningsnivå. Antändningstiden för Li[MEEA] blandat med de organiska lösningsmedlen tillsammans med jonvätska varierade mycket. Detta är ett intressant resultat, som förmodligen kan förklaras av homogeniteten på elektrolyten. Homogeniteten verifierades enbart okulärt, vilket inte säkerställer att jonvätskan har löst sig fullständigt i elektrolyten. Resultat för flampunkten för det olika elektrolyterna var intressant, då elektrolyten som innehöll jonvätska visade på lägst flampunkt. Detta var oväntat då tillsatser som jonvätska brukar förbättra brandmotståndet. Resultatet för FTIR-spektroskopin analyserades för att se hur Li[MEA], Li[MEEA] och LiPF6 skiljde sig åt. De elektrolyter som inte innehöll fluor, producerade bara koldioxid. Medans elektrolyten som innehöll fluor producerade, som väntat, vätefluorid och koldioxid, men även andra gaser som var svåranalyserade. De framtagna elektrolyterna i detta arbete behöver studeras vidare och fler tester bör genomföras för att se om det finns en möjlighet att använda dem i faktiska litiumjonbatterier. Förutom att testa elektrolyterna i just detta arbete är det viktigt att forskningen kring brandegenskaper och toxiska egenskaper för elektrolyter fortsätter i framtiden.
Chaudoy, Victor. "Electrolytes polymères gélifiés pour microbatteries au lithium." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4019/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, a new polymer gel electrolyte was prepared and optimized for Li based microbatteries. The gel consisted of an ionic liquid based phase (P13FSI/LiTFSI) confined in a semi-interpenetrating polymers (sIPN) network (PVdF-HFP/crosslinked PEO). sIPN electrolytes were prepared and optimized according to the PVdFHFP/ crosslinked PEO ratio and the liquid phase fraction. Furthermore, the sIPN electrolyte was used as an electrolyte in Li/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 battery. The performances of the battery (specific capacity, efficiency, cyclability) were determined and compared to batteries using a crosslinked PEO or PVdF-HFP based gel. Such a thin and stable sIPN electrolyte film enabled the preparation of Li based microbatteries using thermal evaporation deposition of lithium directly conducted on the sIPN electrolyte film. This assembly (Li/sIPN) was therefore used to prepare a LiCoO2/sIPN gel/Li quasi solid-state microbattery. This microbattery showed a stable nominal capacity of 850 μAh for over 100 cycles of charge and discharge under 1 C rate at 25°C
Tu, Kai-Ming. "Spatial-Decomposition Analysis of Electrical Conductivity in Concentrated Ionic Systems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199125.
Повний текст джерелаNgo, Hoang Phuong Khanh. "Développement et caractérisation des électrolytes plus sûrs et versatiles pour les batteries au lithium métallique ou post-lithium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI076.
Повний текст джерелаSafety issues related to chemical leakage, external heating, or explosion restrain the advancement of renewable storage devices based on classical liquid electrolytes. The urgent need for safer batteries requires new technologies such as the replacement of carbonate solvents by green ionic liquid-based electrolytes or the use of conducting polymer membranes. Moreover, facing a future shortage of raw materials such as lithium, trends are to promote the development of rechargeable batteries based on abundant elements i.e. alkali/alkaline-earth metals. A better understanding of cation conductive behavior in these electrolytes become the mainstream for developing high-security lithium and post-lithium batteries.In this work, the first goal was to focus on the physical and ionic transport properties of several binary systems based on the solution of different alkali/alkaline-earth TFSI salts in a common ionic liquid BMIm TFSI. These ionic liquid electrolytes possess unique characteristics that are promising for electrolyte applications e.g. low vapor pressure, non-inflammable, high thermal stability, with sufficient ionic conductivity. These mixtures are studied with the multi-technique approach to reach thermodynamics (thermal properties), dynamics (viscosity, ionic conductivity self-diffusion coefficients) and structural (IR and Raman spectroscopy) description of these systems. The cationic transport behavior in these ionic liquid electrolytes is strongly influenced by the nature of the cation and its concentration. These viscosity dependent phenomena are related to the alkali/alkaline-earth coordination shell.Another goal of this work is the development of new single-ion conducting polymers based on PEO as solid electrolytes for safer lithium and post-lithium rechargeable batteries. These materials exhibit a cation transference number which nearly reaches unity for the cross-linked ionomers and multi-block copolymers. The cycling tests in symmetric lithium-metal cell affirmed the reversibility of electrolyte with stable lithium plating/stripping between two electrodes. High performances in lithium metal batteries using ‘home-made’ LiFePO4 cathodes demonstrate the potential of these materials as solid electrolytes. An ultimate aim showed the conductivity behavior of the alkali cations in the different polymer matrix. Thanks to the grafting anionic function distributed along the polymer chain, the effect of cation size on its mobility were clearly observed
Blanchon, Le Bouhelec-Tribouillois Émilie. "Contribution à la thermodynamique de l'absorption des gaz acides H2S et CO2 dans les solvants eau-alcanolamine-méthanol : mesures expérimentales et modélisation." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL046N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is related to the development of new processes about gas sweetening with hybrid solvents coupling a chemical one (aqueous solution of diethanolamine) with a physical one (methanol). In the liquid phase, CO2 and H2S react with diethanolamine so that the VLE description of these systems is quite complex and requires experimental data. The first part of this work is dedicated to the experimental determination of acid gases + hybrid solvent solubility data. The experimental apparatus was improved to study H2S solubility and CO2 + H2S mixtures solubility in water-diethanolamine-methanol solvents. In the second part, the simultaneous representation of chemical and phase equilibria was realised. The heterogeneous approach developed here combines the Peng-Robinson equation of state for the vapour phase with the Electrolyte-NRTL model for the liquid phase. Parameters are fitted gradually so that the entire system water-diethanolamine-methanol-CO2-H2S system is extrapolated using Electrolyte-NRTL parameters determined by fitting experimental acid gas partial pressures of lower systems. Methanol effect is also described. An original calculation of heat of absorption was also developed. We extended the use of our approach to study others alkanolamines
Yao, N'guessan Alfred. "Contribution a l'etude des jonctions gaas-electrolyte aqueux et non aqueux : formation de l'interface et cinetique de transfert de charges." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077174.
Повний текст джерелаŠtichová, Zuzana. "Kapalné elektrolyty pro lithno-iontové akumulátory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218934.
Повний текст джерелаBley, Michael. "Simulating Osmotic Equilibria by Molecular Dynamics - From Vapor-Liquid Interfaces to Thermodynamic Properties in Concentrated Solutions." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS122.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD thesis is the development of a new theoretical method based on the simulation of vapor-liquid equilibria by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This new method predicts thermodynamic properties such as solvent activities and solute activity coefficients of aqueous and organic phases used in liquid-liquid extraction systems. These thermodynamic properties are required for mesoscopic thermodynamic modeling approaches estimating the efficiency and selectivity of a given solvent extraction system up to an industrial scale. Thermodynamic and structural properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions and organic solvent phase including aggregates resulting from amphiphilic extractant molecules are reproduced in very good agreement with previously available experimental and theoretical data. The osmotic equilibrium MD approach provides a new and powerful tool for accessing thermodynamic data
Sorrie, Graham A. "Liquid polymer electrolytes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU499826.
Повний текст джерелаKlein, Jeffrey M. "Electrode-Electrolyte and Solvent-Solute Interfaces of Concentrated Electrolytes: Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1620213066452923.
Повний текст джерелаZedda, Marco [Verfasser], Torsten Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt, and Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Bester. "Determination of membrane degradation products in the product water of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry / Marco Zedda. Gutachter: Kai Bester. Betreuer: Torsten Claus Schmidt." Duisburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015268110/34.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Wanjie. "Etude des interfaces de batteries lithium-ion : application aux anodes de conversion." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3024/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the past decades, the need for portable power has accelerated due to the miniaturization of electronic appliances. It continues to drive research and development of advanced energy systems, especially for lithium ion battery systems. As a consequence, conversion materials for lithium-ion batteries, including Sb and Sn-based compounds, have attracted much intense attention for their high storage capacities. Among conversion materials, TiSnSb has been recently developed as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries. This material is able to reversibly take up 6.5 Li per formula unit which corresponds to a specific capacity of 580 mAh/g. In the field of lithium-ion battery research, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as a protective passivation film formed at electrode surface owing to the reduction of the electrolyte components, has been considered as a determinant factor on the performances of lithium-ion battery. Thus it has been a focused topic of many researches. However, little information can be found about the formation and composition of the SEI layer formed on TiSnSb conversion electrode at this time. With the aim to investigate the influences of the SEI layer on the performances of composite TiSnSb electrode, we first studied the electrochemical properties of the electrode from various aspects, including the effects of cycling rates, electrolyte additives, as well as room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Especially, a RTILs-based electrolyte system was developed and optimized by evaluating its physicochemical properties to be able to further improve the performances of TiSnSb electrode. In order to characterize the SEI layer formed at electrode surface, we performed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This study allowed to target some essential parameters concerning electrochemical performances linked with the nature of the solid electrolyte interphase.*
Dong, Wei. "Contribution a l'etude theorique de la structure d'un fluide polaire et d'une solution electrolytique au voisinage d'une surface solide." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066340.
Повний текст джерелаColes, Samuel. "Interfacial nanostructure of solvate ionic liquids and ionic liquid solutions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89c797e4-e000-4c8c-b6b8-ffa5ed202a4d.
Повний текст джерелаInkster, Rachel T. "Liquid crystalline side chain polymer electrolytes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419840.
Повний текст джерелаHarvie, James L. "The electrochemistry of liquid polymer electrolytes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU020268.
Повний текст джерелаChancelier, Léa. "Développement de solutions innovantes d'électrolytes pour sécuriser les accumulateurs lithium-ion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10208/document.
Повний текст джерелаLithium-ion batteries are dominating both the nomad device and electric vehicle markets. However they raise safety concerns related to their electrolyte, which consists of flammable and volatile carbonate mixtures and toxic salts. The replacement of the latter by ionic liquids (IL), liquid salts claimed to be thermally stable and non-flammable, could provide a safer alternative. Yet this often claimed feature has been poorly examined by experiments. The work of this thesis investigates IL behaviour under abuse conditions such as overheating, fire or overcharge. Decomposition temperatures of IL based on differently substituted imidazolium or pyrrolidinium cations and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A critical study of gathered data (from literature and our work) led to the determination of an optimised procedure to obtain reproducible and comparable results. Electrolytes based on carbonates mixtures or IL and containing lithium salt were studied by dynamic and isothermal TGA, and their decomposition products were identified. Their combustion behaviour was also tested by measuring heats of combustion and ignition delays. Emitted gases were analysed and quantified. Electrochemical cycling tests were carried out with these electrolytes in lithium-ion systems based on Li4Ti5O12 and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 electrodes. The evolution of the electrolytes and electrodes surface was also examined under overcharge
Gamstedt, Heléne. "Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-426.
Повний текст джерелаPotential electrolytes for dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical solar cells have been synthesized and their applicability has been investigated. Different experimental techniques were used in order to characterize the synthesized electrolytes, such as elemental analysis, electrospray ionisation/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, dynamic viscosity measurements, as well as impedance, Raman and NMR spectroscopy. Some crystal structures were characterized by using single crystal X-ray diffraction.
In order to verify the eligibility of the ionic compounds as electrolytes for photoelectrochemical solar cells, photocurrent density/photovoltage and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency measurements were performed, using different kinds of light sources as solar simulators. In electron kinetic studies, the electron transport times in the solar cells were investigated by using intensitymodulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopy. The accumulated charge present in the semiconductor was studied in photocurrent transient measurements.
The ionic liquids were successfully used as solar cell electrolytes, especially those originating from the diethyl and dibutyl-alkylsulphonium iodides. The highest overall conversion efficiency of almost 4 % was achieved by a dye-sensitized, nanocrystalline solar cell using (Bu2MeS)I:I2 (100:1) as electrolyte (Air Mass 1.5 spectrum at 100 W m-2), quite compatible with the standard efficiencies provided by organic solvent-containing cells. Several solar cells with iodine-doped metal-iodidebased electrolytes reached stable efficiencies over 2 %. The (Bu2MeS)I:I2-containing cells showed better long-term stabilities than the organic solvent-based cells, and provided the fastest electron transports as well as the highest charge accumulation.
Several polypyridyl-ruthenium complexes were tested as solar cell sensitizers. No general improvements could be observed according to the addition of amphiphilic co-adsorbents to the dyes or nanopartices of titanium dioxide to the electrolytes. For ionic liquid-containing solar cells, a saturation phenomena in the short-circuit current densities emerged at increased light intensities, probably due to inherent material transport limitation within the systems.
Some iodoargentates and -cuprates were structurally characterized, consisting of monomeric or polymeric entities with anionic networks or layers. A system of metal iodide crownether complexes were employed and tested as electrolytes in photoelectrochemical solar cells, though with poorer results. Also, the crystal structure of a copper-iodide-(12-crown-4) complex has been characterized
Gamstedt, Heléne. "Ionic liquid electrolytes for photoelectrochemical solar cells /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-426.
Повний текст джерелаMcHattie, Gillian S. "Ion transport in liquid crystalline polymer electrolytes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324432.
Повний текст джерела