Дисертації з теми "Electrode interface"
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1
Gonzalez, Sara. "Operando Chemistry and Electronic Structure of Electrode/Ferroelectric Interfaces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS501/document.
Анотація:
Au cours des dix dernières années, les hétérostructures à base de matériaux oxyde ont été grandement étudiées comme potentiel systèmes d’application pour le nanoélectronique. Parmi eux, les ferroélectriques (FE) sont particulièrement intéressants comme support pour ces applications technologies. En effet, leur polarisation électrique spontanée, aisément réversible par application d’un champ électrique en fait de bons candidats pour le stockage de données non-volatile. Renverser la polarisation nécessite un contact avec une électrode, ainsi les hétérostructures de films mince de FE avec électrodes métalliques ont été grandement étudiées. A l’interface entre les deux matériaux, les charges libres de l’électrode permettent d’écranter les charges de surfaces, détrimentales au maintien de la polarisation au sein du film FE. Avec des électrodes d’oxyde métalliques, un déplacement ionique à l’interface électrode/FE va d’avantage favoriser cet écrantage, plaçant l’interface au cœur du processus d’écrantage. Cependant, malgré d’importantes découvertes théoriques, les données expérimentales sont rares et le comportement exact de l’interface électrode/FE est seulement partiellement maitrisée. Une plus grande compréhension est indispensable pour une intégration correcte des films FE dans des dispositifs nanométriques. Dans cette thèse, des techniques basées sur la spectroscopie de photoémission sont utilisées pour sonder l’interface enfouie d’une hétérostructure électrode/BaTiO₃/électrode, dans le cas de deux électrodes différentes : l’oxyde métallique SrRuO₃ et le métal cobalt. Nous avons acquis des informations sur le comportement de l’interface et sa réponse au renversement de la polarisation. Ce travail est un nouveau pas vers une plus grande maitrise des phénomènes physiques gouvernant le comportement de l’interface entre électrodes le ferroélectrique BaTiO₃, en termes de propriété électronique, de cinétique et de fatigue. Les expériences présentées couplent des techniques d’analyses de pointes, où l’utilisation de rayons X durs et l’application de champs électriques in situ ont rendus possible la difficile tâche de sonder des interfaces enfouies en condition de fonctionnementIn the past decade, oxide-based heterostructures have been studied extensively as potentially attractive systems for applications in nanoelectronics. Among them, ferroelectric materials raised interest as potential support for those technological applications. Indeed, their spontaneous electric polarization easily switched by applying an electric field makes them a good basis for non-volatile data storage. Switching the polarization requires a metallic contact with an electrode, thus heterostructures of ferroelectric thin films with metallic electrodes have been widely studied. At the interface between those two materials, free charges of the electrode help screening the polarization induced surface charges detrimental to maintaining proper polarization in the ferroelectric thin film. With metallic oxide electrodes, an ionic displacement at the electrode/ferroelectric interface will help the screening. However, despite important theoretical discoveries, direct experimental data is scarce and further understanding of the interface behavior is crucial for a proper integration of ferroelectric films in functioning nanometer sized devices. In this thesis, photoemission spectroscopy based techniques are used to probe the buried interface of an electrode/BaTiO₃/electrode heterostructure, for two different electrodes: the metallic oxide SrRuO₃ and the Co metal. We acquired information on the behavior of the interface and its response to polarization switching. This work is a new step towards a complete understanding on the behavior of the interface between electrodes and the BaTiO₃ ferroelectric, in device-like heterostructures, in terms of electronic properties, kinetic, and fatigue. The experiments presented combined state of the art characterization techniques, where the use of hard X-rays and in situ bias application made it possible to resolve the difficult task of probing buried interfaces in working conditions
2
Viana, Casals Damià. "EGNITE: Engineered Graphene for Neural Interface." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673330.
Анотація:
La tecnologia d’implants neuronals en medicina té com a objectiu restaurar la funcionalitat del sistema nerviós en casos de degeneració o dany greu registrant o estimulant l’activitat elèctrica del teixit nerviós. Els implants neuronals disponibles actualment ofereixen una eficàcia clínica modesta, en part a causa de les limitacions que tenen els metalls utilitzats en la interfície elèctrica amb el teixit. Aquests materials comprometen la resolució de la interfície i, per tant, la restauració funcional amb el rendiment i l’estabilitat. En aquest treball presento uns implants neuronals flexibles basats en una pel·lícula prima de grafè porós nanoestructurat i biocompatible que proporciona una interfície neural bidireccional estable i d’alt rendiment. En comparació amb els dispositius de microelectrodos de platí estàndard, elèctrodes de 25 μm de diàmetre basats en grafè ofereixen una impedància significativament menor i poden injectar de manera segura 200 vegades més càrrega durant més de 100 milions de polsos. N’evaluo les seves capacitats in vivo registrant activitat epicortical amb alta fidelitat i alta resolució, estimulant subconjunts d’axons dins del nervi ciàtic amb llindars de corrent baixos i alta selectivitat i modulant l’activitat de la retina amb alta precisió. La tecnologia de pel·lícula fina de grafè aquí descrita té el potencial de convertir-se en el nou punt de referència per la pròxima generació de tecnologia d’implants neuronals.La tecnología de implantes neuronales en medicina tiene como objetivo restaurar la funcionalidad del sistema nervioso en casos de degeneración o daño grave registrando o estimulando la actividad eléctrica del tejido nervioso. Los implantes neurales disponibles actualmente ofrecen una eficacia clínica modesta, en parte debido a las limitaciones que plantean los metales utilizados en la interfaz eléctrica con el tejido. Dichos materiales comprometen la resolución de la interfaz y, por lo tanto, la restauración funcional con el rendimiento y la estabilidad. En este trabajo presento unos implantes neuronales flexibles basados en una película delgada de grafeno poroso nanoestructurado y biocompatible que proporciona una interfaz neural bidireccional estable y de alto rendimiento. En comparación con los dispositivos de microelectrodos de platino estándar, electrodos de 25 μm de diámetro basados en grafeno ofrecen una impedancia significativamente menor y pueden inyectar de forma segura 200 veces más carga durante más de 100 millones de pulsos. Aquí evaluo sus capacidades in vivo registrando actividad epicortical con alta fidelidad y alta resolución, estimulando subconjuntos de axones dentro del nervio ciático con umbrales de corriente bajos y alta selectividad y modulando la actividad de la retina con alta precisión. La tecnología de película fina de grafeno aquí descrita tiene el potencial de convertirse en el nuevo punto de referencia para la próxima generación de tecnología de implantes neuronales.
Neural implants technology in medicine aims to restore nervous system functionality in cases of severe degeneration or damage by recording or stimulating the electrical activity of the nervous tissue. Currently available neural implants offer a modest clinical efficacy partly due to the limitations posed by the metals used at the electrical interface with the tissue. Such materials compromise interfacing resolution, and therefore functional restoration, with performance and stability. In this work, I present flexible neural implants based on a biocompatible nanostructured porous graphene thin film that provides a stable and high performance bidirectional neural interface. Compared to standard platinum microelectrode devices, the graphene-based electrodes of 25 μm diameter offer significantly lower impedance and can safely inject 200 times more charge for more than 100 million pulses. I assessed their performance in vivo by recording high fidelity and high resolution epicortical activity, by stimulating subsets of axons within the sciatic nerve with low thresholds and high selectivity and by modulating the retinal activity with high precision. The graphene thin film technology I describe here has the potential to become the new performance benchmark for the next generation of neural implant technology.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Enginyeria Electrònica i de Telecomunicació
3
Irvine, June Karin. "Modelling of the electrode-electrolyte interface impedance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438801.
4
Jeschull, Fabian. "Polymers at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface : Negative Electrode Binders for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317739.
Анотація:
We are today experiencing an increasing demand for high energy density storage devices like the lithium-ion battery for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles (EV) and as interim storage for renewable energy. High capacity retention and long cycle life are prerequisites, particularly for the EV market. The key for a long cycle life is the formation of a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the surface of the negative electrode, which typically forms on the first cycles due to decomposition reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. More control over the surface layer can be gained when the layer is generated prior to the battery operation. Such a layer can be tailored more easily and can reduce the loss of lithium inventory considerably. In this context, water-soluble electrode binders, e.g. sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), have proven themselves exceptionally useful. Since the binder is a standard component in composite electrodes anyway, its integration into the electrode fabrication process is easily accomplished. This thesis work investigates the parameters that govern binder distribution in elec-trode coatings, control the stability and electrochemical performance of the elec-trode and that determine the composition of the surface layer. Several commonly used electrode materials (graphite, silicon and lithium titanate) have been applied in order to study the impact of the binder on the electrode morphology and the differ-ent electrode-electrolyte interfaces. The results are correlated with the electrochemi-cal performance and with the SEI composition obtained by in-house and synchro-tron-based photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). The results demonstrate that the poor swellability of these water-soluble binders leads to a protection of the active material, given that the surface coverage is high and the binder evenly distributed. Although on the laboratory scale electrode formu-lations with a high binder content are common, they have little practical use in commercial devices due to the high content of inactive material. As the binder con-tent is decreased, complete surface coverage is more difficult to achieve and the binder distribution is more strongly coupled to the particle-binder interactions during the preparation process. Moreover, it is demonstrated in this thesis how these inter-actions are related to the surface area of the electrode components applied, the surface composition and the electrochemistry of the electrode. As a result of the smaller binder contents the benefits provided by CMC-Na and PAA at the electrode surface are compromised and the performance differs less distinctly from electrodes fabricated with the conventional binder, i.e. poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVdF). Composites of alloying and conversion materials, on the other hand, typically em-ploy binders in larger amounts. Despite the frequently noted resiliency to volume expansion, which is also a positive side effect of the poor swellability of the binder in the electrolyte, the protection of the surface and the formation of a more stable interface are the major cause for the improved electrochemical behaviour, com-pared to electrodes employing PVdF binders.
5
Hanekom, Tania. "Modelling of the electrode-auditory nerve fibre interface in cochlear prostheses." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27742.
Анотація:
The objective of this thesis is to provide additional insight into the electrode array-nerve fibre interface that exists in the implanted cochlea and to facilitate investigation of new electrode arrays in interaction with the cochlea and auditory nerve fibres. The focus is on potential distributions and excitation profiles generated by different electrode array types and factors that could have an influence on these distributions and profiles. Research contributions made by the thesis are the creation of a detailed 3-D model of the implanted cochlea that accurately predicts measurable effects in cochlear implant wearers and facilitates effortless simulation of existing and new electrode array variations; the establishment of the important anatomical structures required in a 3-D representation of the implanted cochlea; establishment of evidence that array location is the primary parameter that controls spread of excitation; definition of the critical focussing intensity of intracochlear electrode pairs; confirmation thatmonopolar stimulation could deliver focussed stimulation to approximately the same degree than that delivered by widely spaced electrode configurations and that the use of monopolar configurations over bipolar configurations are therefore advantageous under certain conditions; explanation of the effect that encapsulation tissue around cochlear implant electrodes could have on neural excitation profiles; extension of the information available on the focussing ability of multipolar intracochlear electrode configurations; and establishment of evidence that a higher lateral electrode density could facilitate better focussing of excitation, continuous shaping of excitation profiles and postoperative customization of electrode arrays for individual implant wearers.Dissertation (PhD(Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2001.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
Unrestricted
6
Young, Samantha. "Designing the Nanoparticle/Electrode Interface for Improved Electrocatalysis." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23723.
Анотація:
Nanoparticle-functionalized electrodes have attracted attention in areas such as energy production and storage, sensing, and electrosynthesis. The electrochemical properties of these electrodes depend upon the nanoparticle properties, e.g., core size, core morphology, surface chemistry, as well as the structure of the nanoparticle/electrode interface, including the coverage on the electrode surface, choice of electrode support, and the interface between the nanoparticle and the electrode support. Traditionally used methods of producing nanoparticle-functionalized electrodes lack sufficient control over many of these variables, particularly the nanoparticle/electrode interface.
Tethering nanoparticles to electrodes with molecular linkers is a strategy to fabricate nanoparticle-functionalized electrodes that provides enhanced control over the nanoparticle/electrode structure. However, many existing tethering methods are done on catalytically active electrode supports, which makes isolating the electrochemical activity of the nanoparticle challenging. Furthermore, previous work has focused on larger nanoparticles, yet smaller nanoparticles with core diameters less than 2.5 nm are of interest due to their unique structural and electronic properties. This dissertation addresses both of these gaps, exploring small nanoparticle electrocatalysts that are molecularly tethered to catalytically inert electrodes.
This dissertation first reviews and compares the methods of fabricating nanoparticle-functionalized electrodes with a defined molecular interface in the context of relevant attributes for electrochemical applications. Next, a new platform approach to bind small gold nanoparticles to catalytically inert boron doped diamond electrodes through a defined molecular interface is described, and the influence of the nanoparticle/electrode interface on the electron transfer properties of these materials is evaluated. The next two studies build upon this platform to evaluate molecularly tethered nanoparticles as oxygen electroreduction catalysts. The first of these two describes the systematic study of atomically precise small gold clusters, highlighting the influence of atomic level differences in the core size and the electrode support material on the catalytic properties. The second study extends the platform approach to study small bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles produced on the electrode surface and highlights the influence of the structural arrangement of the metals on the catalytic activity. Finally, future opportunities for the field of molecularly tethered nanoparticle-functionalized electrodes are discussed.
This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.2019-01-27
7
Han, Qi. "Electrocatalysis at the Electrode-Adsorbate-Solution Interface: Fundamental Studies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1574855036013662.
8
Rykaczewski, Konrad. "Electron beam induced deposition (EBID) of carbon interface between carbon nanotube interconnect and metal electrode." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31773.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Dr. Andrei G. Fedorov; Committee Member: Dr. Azad Naeemi; Committee Member: Dr. Suresh Sitaraman; Committee Member: Dr. Vladimir V. Tsukruk; Committee Member: Dr. Yogendra Joshi. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
9
Yamada, Izumi. "Studies on Litihum Ion Transfer at Positive-electrode/Electrolyte Interface." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77798.
10
Yang, H. "Infra red spectroscopic investigation of adsorption at the electrode/electrolyte interface." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378270.
11
Foster, Simon Edward. "Routes to interfacial deposition of platinum microparticles in solid polymer fuel cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28053.
12
Newbold, Carrie. "Electrode tissue interface : development and findings of an in vitro model /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1692.
Анотація:
In the period immediately following the implantation of a cochlear implant electrode array within the cochlear environment, the power required to stimulate the auditory nerve at preset current levels increases. This rise is due to increases in electrode impedance which in turn is suggested to be a result of tissue growth around the electrode array. The foreign body response initiated by the immune system encapsulates the array in a matrix of fibrous tissue, separating the electrode array from the rest of the body. A second change in electrode impedance occurs with the onset of electrical stimulation. A transitory reduction in impedance has been recorded in animals and humans after stimulation of electrodes. Impedance returns to pre-stimulation levels following the cessation of stimulation. It was suggested that these changes in impedance with stimulation were also related to the tissue growth around the electrode array. A more thorough understanding of the interface was required to ascertain these concepts.
13
Abel, Julia Catherine. "Investigation of the electrode/electrolyte interface using ultra fast electrochemical ellipsometry." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/799.
Анотація:
Electrochemical ellipsometry is employed to determine the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index and the thickness of thin films as functions of the potential applied to the electrode upon which the film is grown. The relatively recent advent of an analyser with no moving parts, the Stokesmeter, has removed previous time restraints and allows microsecond resolution. The Newcastle system is extremely novel, using a Stokesmeter, and thus being capable of 325 gs resolution, and also being electrochemically interfaced. The ellipsometric studies have concentrated on the growth and behaviour of a series of electroactive polymers derived from salicylaldehydes (Salens). [Ni(SaltMe)] and [Ni(SaIdMe)] were found to yield stable homogeneous films upon polymerisation, however while the behaviour during film growth was similar, marked differences were observed during potential cycling, poly[Ni(SaIdMe)] showing a marked decrease in thickness near the anodic limit not observed for poly[Ni(Saltme)], indicating that even minor changes to ligand structure well away from the site of polymerisation may have significant effects on the resulting film. The behaviour of poly[Ni(OMeSaltMe)] during polymerisation is more complicated; initially a homogeneous film is produced, however about half way through the growth process the film becomes inhomogeneous, and remains so during subsequent potential cycling. This behaviour was also observed for poly[Pd(OMeSalen)], indicating electron donating groups around the phenyl rings of the ligand have a profound effect on the nature of the polymer films, possibly far more so than the identity of the central metal.
14
Lowry, R. B. "A surface enhanced raman spectroscopic study of the electrode/electrolyte interface." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233016.
15
Hanekom, Tania. "Modelling of the electrode-auditory nerve fibre interface in cochlear prosthesis." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09052001-132021.
16
Sahar, Abdallah. "Etude par analyse spectrale de processus aux electrodes fortement aleatoires." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066522.
Анотація:
Le but de ce travail a consiste a etudier deux processus electrochimiques a comportement fortement aleatoire, a savoir le degagement de bulles gazeuses sur une electrode et l'electrolyse en lit fluidise
17
Walker, Rachel Claire. "In-situ spectroscopic studies of electrocatalytic electrodes." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284347.
18
Mansour, Diaa-Eldin A., Hiroaki Kojima, Naoki Hayakawa, Fumihiro Endo, and Hitoshi Okubo. "Partial discharge detection at delamination of electrode/epoxy interface in GIS spacers." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13943.
19
Kaiser, Odett [Verfasser]. "Cell-based drug delivery to optimise the electrode-nerve interface / Odett Kaiser." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046715577/34.
20
Zhang, Di, and 张笛. "Transparent electrode design and interface engineering for high performance organic solar cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202360.
Анотація:
With the growing needs for energy, photovoltaic solar cells have attracted increasing research interests owing to its potentially renewable, feasible and efficient applications. Compared to its inorganic counterparts, organic solar cell (OSC) is highly desirable due to the low-cost processing, light weight, and the capability of flexible applications. While rapid progress has been made with the conversion efficiency approaching 10%, challenges towards high performance OSCs remain, including further improving device efficiency, fully realizing flexible applications, achieving more feasible large-area solution process and extending the stability of organic device.
Having understood the key technical issues of designing high performance OSCs, we focus our work on (1) introducing flexible graphene transparent electrodes into OSCs as effective anode and cathode; (2) interface engineering of metal oxide carrier transport layers (CTLs) in OSCs through incorporating plasmonic metal nanomaterials ;(3)proposing novel film formation approach for solution-processed CTLs in OSCs in order to improve the film quality and thus device performance.
The detailed work is listed below:
1. Design of transparent graphene electrodes for flexible OSCs
Flexible graphene films are introduced into OSCs as transparent electrodes, which complement the flexibility of organic materials. We demonstrate graphene can function effectively as both the anode and cathode in OSCs:
a) Graphene anode: we propose an interface modification for graphene to function as anode as an alternative to using aconventional polymer CTL. Using the proposed interfacial modification, graphene OSCs show enhanced performance. Further analysis shows that our approach provides favorable energy alignment and improved interfacial contact.
b) Graphene cathode: efficient OSCs using graphene cathode are demonstrated, using a new composite CTL of aluminum-titanium oxide (Al-TiO2).We show that the role of Al is two-fold: improving the wettability as well as reducing the work function of graphene. To facilitate electron extraction, self-assembledTiO2is employed on the Al-covered graphene, which exhibits uniform morphology.
2. Incorporation of plasmonic nanomaterialsinto the metal oxide CTLinOSCs
By incorporating metallic nanoparticles (NPs) into the TiO2CTLin OSCs, we demonstrate the interesting plasmonic-electrical effect which leads to optically induced charge extraction enhancement. While OSCs using TiO2CTL can only operate by ultraviolet (UV)activation, NP-incorporated TiO2enables OSCs to perform efficiently at a plasmonic wavelength far longer than the UV light. In addition, the effciency of OSCs incorporated with NPs is notably enhanced. We attribute the improvement to the charge injection of plasmonically excited electrons from NPs into TiO2.
3. Formation of uniform TiO2CTLfor large area applications using a self-assembly approach
A solution-processed self-assembly method is proposed for forming large-area high-quality CTL films. Owing to the careful control of solvent evaporation, uniform film is formed, leading to enhanced OSC performance. Meanwhile, our method is capable of forming large-area films. This approach can contribute to future low-cost, large-area applications.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
21
Thakore, Vaibhav. "Nonlinear dynamic modeling, simulation and characterization of the mesoscale neuron-electrode interface." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5529.
Анотація:
Extracellular neuroelectronic interfacing has important applications in the fields of neural prosthetics, biological computation and whole-cell biosensing for drug screening and toxin detection. While the field of neuroelectronic interfacing holds great promise, the recording of high-fidelity signals from extracellular devices has long suffered from the problem of low signal-to-noise ratios and changes in signal shapes due to the presence of highly dispersive dielectric medium in the neuron-microelectrode cleft. This has made it difficult to correlate the extracellularly recorded signals with the intracellular signals recorded using conventional patch-clamp electrophysiology. For bringing about an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals recorded on the extracellular microelectrodes and to explore strategies for engineering the neuron-electrode interface there exists a need to model, simulate and characterize the cell-sensor interface to better understand the mechanism of signal transduction across the interface. Efforts to date for modeling the neuron-electrode interface have primarily focused on the use of point or area contact linear equivalent circuit models for a description of the interface with an assumption of passive linearity for the dynamics of the interfacial medium in the cell-electrode cleft. In this dissertation, results are presented from a nonlinear dynamic characterization of the neuroelectronic junction based on Volterra-Wiener modeling which showed that the process of signal transduction at the interface may have nonlinear contributions from the interfacial medium. An optimization based study of linear equivalent circuit models for representing signals recorded at the neuron-electrode interface subsequently proved conclusively that the process of signal transduction across the interface is indeed nonlinear. Following this a theoretical framework for the extraction of the complex nonlinear material parameters of the interfacial medium like the dielectric permittivity, conductivity and diffusivity tensors based on dynamic nonlinear Volterra-Wiener modeling was developed. Within this framework, the use of Gaussian bandlimited white noise for nonlinear impedance spectroscopy was shown to offer considerable advantages over the use of sinusoidal inputs for nonlinear harmonic analysis currently employed in impedance characterization of nonlinear electrochemical systems. Signal transduction at the neuron-microelectrode interface is mediated by the interfacial medium confined to a thin cleft with thickness on the scale of 20-110 nm giving rise to Knudsen numbers (ratio of mean free path to characteristic system length) in the range of 0.015 and 0.003 for ionic electrodiffusion. At these Knudsen numbers, the continuum assumptions made in the use of Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of equations for modeling ionic electrodiffusion are not valid. Therefore, a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based multiphysics solver suitable for modeling ionic electrodiffusion at the mesoscale neuron-microelectrode interface was developed. Additionally, a molecular speed dependent relaxation time was proposed for use in the lattice Boltzmann equation. Such a relaxation time holds promise for enhancing the numerical stability of lattice Boltzmann algorithms as it helped recover a physically correct description of microscopic phenomena related to particle collisions governed by their local density on the lattice. Next, using this multiphysics solver simulations were carried out for the charge relaxation dynamics of an electrolytic nanocapacitor with the intention of ultimately employing it for a simulation of the capacitive coupling between the neuron and the planar microelectrode on a microelectrode array (MEA). Simulations of the charge relaxation dynamics for a step potential applied at t = 0 to the capacitor electrodes were carried out for varying conditions of electric double layer (EDL) overlap, solvent viscosity, electrode spacing and ratio of cation to anion diffusivity. For a large EDL overlap, an anomalous plasma-like collective behavior of oscillating ions at a frequency much lower than the plasma frequency of the electrolyte was observed and as such it appears to be purely an effect of nanoscale confinement. Results from these simulations are then discussed in the context of the dynamics of the interfacial medium in the neuron-microelectrode cleft. In conclusion, a synergistic approach to engineering the neuron-microelectrode interface is outlined through a use of the nonlinear dynamic modeling, simulation and characterization tools developed as part of this dissertation research.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Physics
Sciences
Physics
22
Gallagher, Mark Edward. "In-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering studies of the electrode / electrolyte interface." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415746.
23
Kusachi, Yuki. "Improvement of lithium-ion battery performance by control of electrode electrolyte interface." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253383.
Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第22547号
人博第950号
新制||人||226(附属図書館)
2019||人博||950(吉田南総合図書館)
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 吉田 寿雄, 准教授 戸﨑 充男
学位規則第4条第1項該当
24
Maffre, Marion. "Électrolytes aqueux concentrés pour applications électrochimiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS088.
Анотація:
Les électrolytes aqueux concentrés, appelés « water-in-salt » (WIS) ont récemment émergé comme une nouvelle classe d'électrolytes. Ils permettent d’augmenter la fenêtre de stabilité électrochimique de l'eau, thermodynamiquement limitée à 1,23 V, grâce au décalage des potentiels d'évolution de l'hydrogène (HER) et de l'oxygène (OER). Ils ouvrent ainsi la voie au développement de batteries rechargeables aqueuses.Ce travail de thèse s'est concentré sur la détermination des facteurs responsables du décalage du potentiel d’OER lorsque la concentration en sel augmente. Dans le but d’atteindre cet objectif des études théoriques et expérimentales ont été menées. Dans un premier volet, la contribution de la diminution de la quantité d’eau libre sur le décalage du potentiel d’OER a été investie. Pour cela ; d’une part l’effet de la concentration en sel sur l’activité de l’eau a été quantifié. D’autre part, l’impact de l’activité de l’eau sur le potentiel de Nernst d’OER a été déterminé. Dans un second volet, l’effet de l’activité de l’eau ainsi que l’effet stérique des anions sur le potentiel d’OER ont été évalués, en employant l’équation de Butler-Volmer. Ces deux études ont été rendues possible par l’adaptation des formalismes communément utilisés pour les électrolytes classiques dilués. Dans un troisième volet, les processus chimiques et électrochimiques se produisant en potentiels positifs ont été étudiés. L’ensemble des travaux réalisés ont permis de démontrer que l’oxydation de l’eau n’est pas l’unique réaction en potentiels positifs. De plus, il a été mis en évidence que les processus redox impliqués sont complexes et conduisent à la formation d'un film à la surface de l'électrode positiveConcentrated aqueous electrolytes, called water-in-salt (WIS), have recently emerged as a new class of electrolytes. They permit to widen the electrochemical stability window of water, thermodynamically limited to 1.23 V. This is occurring because hydrogen reduction (HER) and oxygen oxidation (OER) reactions are shifted. They are currently attracting major interest for the trending development of aqueous rechargeable batteries.This thesis work focused on the factors causing the shift in the onset potential of the oxygen evolution reaction to more positive values with the increase of salt concentration. In order to reach this goal, theoretical and experimental studies were carried out. In a first part, the contribution of the decrease in the amount of free water on the shift of the water oxidation potential was investigated. For this, on one hand the effect of salt concentration on water activity was quantified. On the other hand, the impact of water activity on the Nernst potential of OER was determined. In a second part, the effect of water activity as well as the steric effect of anions on the OER potential was evaluated, using the Butler-Volmer equation. These two studies were realized by adapting the formalisms commonly used for conventional dilute electrolytes. In a third component, the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring in positive potentials were studied. All the work carried out has shown that water oxidation is not the only oxidation reaction occurring at a high positive potential. Moreover, it has been shown that the redox processes involved are complex and lead to the formation of a film on the surface of the positive electrode
25
Bihag, A. M. "Supported nanostructured materials with enhanced electrode-electrolyte interface for high performance supercapacitors and dye sensitized solar cell counter electrodes." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2015. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/1997.
26
Carvallo, Pecci Andrés Nicolás. "Modèle biophysique pour la mesure de la conductivité cérébrale et apport diagnostique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S039/document.
Анотація:
Nous avons cherché à fournir une estimation précise de la conductivité électrique des tissus cérébraux humains en clinique, en utilisant une stimulation pulsée locale de faible intensité. Méthodes : À l'aide de l'approximation quasi-statique des équations de Maxwell, nous avons établi un modèle analytique du champ électrique généré par les électrodes intracérébrales stéréotaxiques-EEG (SEEG). Nous avons couplé ce modèle de champ électrique avec un modèle de l'interface électrode-électrolyte pour fournir une expression analytique explicite de la conductivité du tissu cérébral basée sur la réponse enregistrée du tissu cérébral à la stimulation. Résultats: Nous avons validé notre modèle biophysique en utilisant i) des solutions salines calibrées en conductivité électrique,ii) des tissus cérébraux de rat, et iii) des données électrophysiologiques enregistrées en clinique chez sept patients épileptiques au cours de la SEEG. Nous avons trouvé une possible corrélation entre la conductivité et le caractère épileptique du tissu. Conclusion: Cette nouvelle méthode basée sur un modèle offre une estimation rapide et fiable de la conductivité électrique des tissus cérébraux en tenant compte des contributions de l'interface électrode-électrolyte. Signification: Cette méthode surpasse les mesures standard de bioimpédance. L'application pour le diagnostic est envisagée puisque les valeurs de conductivité diffèrent fortement lorsqu'elles sont estimées dans le tissu cérébral sain versus hyperexcitableWe aimed at providing an accurate estimation of human brain tissue electrical conductivity in clinico, using local, low-intensity pulsed stimulation. Methods: Using the quasi-static approximation of Maxwell equations, we derived an analytical model of the electric field generated by intracerebral stereotactic-EEG (SEEG) electrodes. We coupled this electric field model with a model of the electrode-electrolyte interface to provide an explicit, analytical expression of brain tissue conductivity based on the recorded brain tissue response to pulse stimulation. Results: We validated our biophysical model using: i) saline solutions calibrated in electrical conductivity, ii) rat brain tissue, and iii) electrophysiological data recorded in clinico from two epileptic patients during SEEG. Conclusion: This new model-based method offers a fast and reliable estimation of brain tissue electrical conductivity by accounting for contributions from the electrode-electrolyte interface. Significance: This method outperforms standard bioimpedance measurements since it provides absolute (as opposed to relative) changes in brain tissue conductivity. Application for diagnosis is envisioned since conductivity values strongly differ when estimated in the healthy vs. hyperexcitable brain tissue
27
Lempka, Scott Francis. "The electrode-tissue interface during record and stimulation in the central nervous system." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1270107550.
28
Mansour, D. A., H. Kojima, N. Hayakawa, F. Endo, and H. Okubo. "Partial Discharge Characteristics for Small Gap of Electrode/Epoxy Interface in SF6 Gas." IEEE, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12127.
29
Lempka, Scott Francis. "The Electrode-Tissue Interface during Recording and Stimulation in the Central Nervous System." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1270107550.
30
Dai, Yifan. "ENGINEERING THE BIO-ELECTRODE INTERFACE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS WITH SENSITIVITY, ACCURACY AND SIMPLICITY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1587470062118459.
31
Yada, Chihiro. "Studies on electrode/solid electrolyte interface of all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144024.
Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第12338号
工博第2667号
新制||工||1377(附属図書館)
24174
UT51-2006-J330
京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻
(主査)教授 小久見 善八, 教授 江口 浩一, 教授 田中 功
学位規則第4条第1項該当
32
MacDonald, Gordon Alex. "Nanoscale Characterization of the Electrical Properties of Oxide Electrodes at the Organic Semiconductor-Oxide Electrode Interface in Organic Solar Cells." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347338.
Анотація:
This dissertation focuses on characterizing the nanoscale and surface averaged electrical properties of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrodes such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and transparent metal-oxide (MO) electron selective interlayers (ESLs), such as zinc oxide (ZnO), the ability of these materials to rapidly extract photogenerated charges from organic semiconductors (OSCs) used in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, and evaluating their impact on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPV devices. In Chapter 1, we will introduce the fundamental principles regarding the need for low cost power generation, the benefits of OPV technologies, as well as the key principles that govern the operation of OPV devices and the key innovations that have advanced this technology. In Chapter 2 of this dissertation, we demonstrate an innovative application of conductive probe atomic force microscopy (CAFM) to map the nanoscale electrical heterogeneity at the interface between an electrode, such as ITO, and an OSC such as the p-type OSC copper phthalocyanine (CuPc).(MacDonald et al. (2012) ACS Nano, 6, p. 9623) In this work we collected arrays of J-V curves, using a CAFM probe as the top contact of CuPc/ITO systems, to map the local J-V responses. By comparing J-V responses to known models for charge transport, we were able to determine if the local rate-limiting step for charge transport is through the OSC (ohmic) or the CuPc/ITO interface (nonohmic). These results strongly correlate with device PCE, as demonstrated through the controlled addition of insulating alkylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the ITO/CuPc interface. Subsequent chapters focus on the electrical property characterization of RF-magnetron sputtered ZnO (sp-ZnO) ESL films on ITO substrates. We have shown that the energetic alignment of ESLs and the organic semiconducting (OSC) active materials plays a critical role in determining the PCE of OPV devices and the appearance of, or lack thereof, UV light soaking sensitivity. For ZnO and fullerene interfaces, we have shown that either minimizing the oxygen partial pressure during ZnO deposition or exposure of ZnO to UV light minimizes the energetic offset at this interface and maximizes device PCE. We have used a combination of device testing, device modeling, and impedance spectroscopy to fully characterize the effects that energetic alignment has on the charge carrier transport and charge carrier distribution within the OPV device. This work can be found in Chapter 3 of this dissertation and is in preparation for publication. We have also shown that the local properties of sp-ZnO films varies as a function of the underlying ITO crystal face. We show that the local ITO crystal face determines the local nucleation and growth of the sp-ZnO films. We demonstrate that this effects the morphology, the chemical resistance to etching as well as the surface electrical properties of the sp-ZnO films. This is likely due to differences in the surface mobility of sputtered Zn and O atoms on these crystal faces during film nucleation. This affects the nanoscale distribution of electrical and chemical properties. As a result we demonstrate that the PCE, and UV sensitivity of the J-V response of OPVs using sp-ZnO ESLs are strongly impacted by the distribution of ITO crystal faces at the surface of the substrate. This work can be found in Chapter 4 of this dissertation and is in preparation for publication. These studies have contributed to a detailed understanding of the role that electrical heterogeneity, insulating barriers and energetic alignment at the MO/OSC interface play in OPV PCE.
33
Greenbank, William. "Interfacial stability and degradation in organic photovoltaic solar cells." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0338/document.
Анотація:
Les durées de vie des cellules solaires photovoltaïques organiques (OPV) doivent être améliorées afin que cette technologie puisse être commercialisée sur une grande échelle. Ce travail étudie l’influence de la sélection des matériaux pour l’interface supérieure sur la dégradation des OPV inversées. La première partie de cette étude s’occupe des effets de la dégradation thermale. Il a été constaté que la tension de circuit-ouvert (VOC) et le facteur de forme (FF) diminuent lors du vieillissement des OPVs ayant une HTL de MoO3 et une électrode d’argent. Des expériences de caractérisation physique ont mis en évidence que les électrodes d’argent démouillent lors du vieillissement thermique ce qui peut conduire à la mort rapide des cellules avec des électrodes minces. Des analyses de rupture ont également faites. Il a été constaté que l’adhésion d’interface supérieure augmente fortement dans les échantillons avec électrode en argent due à la diffusion de matière, et il est possible qu’il y ait une relation entre cette diffusion et la perte de VOC et FF. Dans la deuxième partie, les effets de la lumière sur la dégradation et l’influence de la présence d’oxygène ou d’humidité ont été étudiés. Quelques effets des matériaux ont été notés, en particulier sur la durée de vie. L’oxygène a eu l’effet d’accélérer notablement la dégradation, et aucune différence n’a été notée selon les matériaux utilisés. En revanche, l’humidité a eu un effet prononcé sur les échantillons avec certains HTLs. Ce travail souligne l’importance de penser à la durée de vie quand on désigne les dispositifs OPV, en particulier pour sélectionner des matériaux appropriés afin d’optimiser la durée de vieOrganic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells show great promise but suffer from short operating lifetimes. This study examines the role that the selection of materials for the hole extraction interface in inverted OPV devices plays in determining the lifetime of a device. In the first part of the study, the effects of thermal degradation were examined. It was found that devices containing MoO3 HTLs and silver top electrodes exhibit an open-circuit voltage (VOC)/fill factor (FF)-driven mechanism. Physical characterisation experiments showed that, with heating, the silver electrode undergoes de-wetting. With thin electrodes this can result in the catastrophic failure of the device. A fracture analysis study found that silver-containing devices experience an increase in adhesion of their top layers to the active layer due to interdiffusion between the layers. This interdiffusion may be related to the loss of VOC and FF in Ag/MoO3 devices through diffused species forming charge traps in the active layer. In the second part of the study, the effects of photodegradation in different atmospheres were studied. Some material-dependent effects were observed when the devices were aged in an inert atmosphere, including variations in projected lifetime. The effect of oxygen was to greatly accelerate degradation, and remove any of the material-dependence observed in the inert experiment, while humidity led to a substantial increase in the degradation rate of devices containing PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate). This study underlines the importance of considering device lifetime in device design, and choosing materials to minimise degradation
34
Santoro, Francesca [Verfasser]. "3D Nanoelectrodes for Bioelectronics: Design and Characterization of the Cell-Electrode Interface / Francesca Santoro." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058850830/34.
35
Okubo, Hitoshi, Masafumi Takei, Yoshikazu Hoshina, Masahiro Hanai, Katsumi Kato, and Muneaki Kurimoto. "Application of Functionally Graded Material for Reducing Electric Field on Electrode and Spacer Interface." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14528.
36
Jintana, Eamaeim. "The application of Fourier transform infrared to the study of the electrode/electrolyte interface." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364846.
37
Taji, Bahareh. "Reconstruction of ECG Signals Acquired with Conductive Textile Eletrodes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26303.
Анотація:
Physicians’ understanding of bio-signals, measured using medical instruments, becomes the foundation of their decisions and diagnoses of patients, as they rely strongly on what the instruments show. Thus, it is critical and very important to ensure that the instruments’ readings exactly reflect what is happening in the patient’s body so that the detected signal is the real one or at least as close to the real in-body signal as possible and carries all of the appropriate information. This is such an important issue that sometimes physicians use invasive measurements in order to obtain the real bio-signal. Generating an in-body signal from what a measurement device shows is called “signal purification” or “reconstruction,” and can be done only when we have adequate information about the interface between the body and the monitoring device. In this research, first, we present a device that we developed for electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and transfer to PC. In order to evaluate the performance of the device, we use it to measure ECG and apply conductive textile as our ECG electrode. Then, we evaluate ECG signals captured by different electrodes, specifically traditional gel Ag/AgCl and dry golden plate electrodes, and compare the results. Next, we propose a method to reconstruct the ECG signal from the signal we detected with our device with respect to the interface characteristics and their relation to the detected ECG. The interface in this study is the skin-electrode interface for conductive textiles. In the last stage of this work, we explore the effects of pressure on skin-electrode interface impedance and its parametrical variation.
38
Basly, Jean-Philippe. "Caracterisation de inp par des methodes electrochimiques : spectroscopie d'impedance et methodes potentiostatiques." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN2002.
39
Yamate, Shigeki. "Studies on Effects of Solid Electrolyte Interface on Negative Electrode Properties for Lithium-ion Batteries." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225963.
40
Tsubouchi, Shigetaka. "Study on Interfacial Reaction between Graphite Negative Electrode and Electrolyte Solution in Lithium-Ion Battery." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232047.
41
Srinivasan, Akhil. "The Georgia Tech regenerative electrode - A peripheral nerve interface for enabling robotic limb control using thought." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53911.
Анотація:
Amputation is a life-changing event that results in a drastic reduction in quality of life including extreme loss of function and severe mental, emotional and physical pain. In order to mitigate these negative outcomes, there is great interest in the design of ‘advanced/robotic’ prosthetics that cosmetically and functionally mimic the lost limb. While the robotics side of advanced prosthetics has seen many advances recently, they still provide only a fraction of the natural limbs’ functionality. At the heart of the issue is the interface between the robotic limb and the individual that needs significant development. Amputees retain significant function in their nerves post-amputation, which offers a unique opportunity to interface with the peripheral nerve.
Here we evaluate a relatively new approach to peripheral nerve interfacing by using microchannels, which hold the intrinsic ability to record larger neural signals from nerves than previously developed peripheral nerve interfaces. We first demonstrate that microchannel scaffolds are well suited for chronic integration with amputated nerves and promote highly organized nerve regeneration. We then demonstrate the ability to record neural signals, specifically action potentials, using microchannels permanently integrated with electrodes after chronic implantation in a terminal study. Together these studies suggest that microchannels are well suited for chronic implantation and stable peripheral nerve interfacing.
As a next step toward clinical translation, we developed fully-integrated high electrode count microchannel interfacing technology capable of functioning while implanted in awake and freely moving animal models as needed for pre-clinical evaluation. Importantly, fabrication techniques were developed that apply to a broad range of flexible devices/sensors benefiting from flexible interconnects, surface mount device (SMD) integration, and/or operation in aqueous environments. Examples include diabetic glucose sensors, flexible skin based health monitors, and the burgeoning flexible wearable technology industry. Finally, we successfully utilized the fully integrated microchannel interfaces to record action potentials in the challenging awake and freely moving animal model validating the microchannel approach for peripheral nerve interfacing. In the end, the findings of these studies help direct and give significant credence to future technology development enabling eventual clinical application of microchannels for peripheral nerve interfacing.
42
Segura, Carlos Alejandro. "Development of an optrode for characterization of tissue optical properties at the neural tissue-electrode interface." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21118.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)The use of implantable neural probes has become common, both for stimulation and recording, and their applications range from chronic pain treatment to implementation of brain machine interfaces (BMI). Studies have shown that signal quality of implanted electrodes decays over time mainly due to the immune response. Characterization of the tissue-electrode interface is critical for better understanding of the physiological dynamics and potential performance improvement of the electrode itself and its task. This work describes the fabrication of an implantable electrode with optical measurement capabilities for providing means to characterize the tissue-electrode interface using optical spectroscopy. The electrode has a set of waveguides embedded in its shanks, which are used to inject white light into tissue and then collect the light reflected from the tissue surrounding the shanks. The collected light was analyzed with a spectrometer and the spectra processed to detect changes in optical properties, information that allows to track physiological changes. It is believed that the immune response can be correlated to changes in scattering as more cells are recruited to the injury site. The increased cell density in local injury/implantation sites increases the amount of scattering due to the increased number of cell nuclei and membranes that light encounters in its path. Investigation of scattering and absorption coefficients in such interface and their change over time can provide useful data for modeling and determining physiological parameters like blood oxygenation while the actual shape of the acquired spectra might highlight particular phenomena that can be indicative of scaring process or hemorrhaging. Validation of this system was done using optical phantoms based on polystyrene spheres and solutions with various concentrations of fat emulsion, which yielded scattering coefficients similar to those of brain tissue. Results suggest that the developed optrodes are able to detect differences between samples with different scattering coefficients. Improvements of fabrication process are discussed based on experimental results and future work includes attempting to perform fluorescence measurements of voltage reporters for optogenetic applications. The ultimate goal of this project was to create a novel device that is capable of satisfying the unmet need of tissue characterization at the implanted electrode interface as well as a tool for the optogenetics field suitable for greater depths than those a microscope can achieve.
43
Okubo, Hitoshi, Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour, Hiroki Kojima, Naoki Hayakawa, and Fumihiro Endo. "Surface charge accumulation and partial discharge activity for small gaps of electrode/epoxy interface in sf6 gas." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13944.
44
Konno, Akio. "Novel Performance Enhancement Method by Mesoscale-Structure Control of Electrode-Electrolyte Interface in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142566.
45
Eriksson, Tom. "LiMn2O4 as a Li-ion Battery Cathode. From Bulk to Electrolyte Interface." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för materialkemi, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1397.
Анотація:
LiMn2O4 is ideal as a high-capacity Li-ion battery cathode material by virtue of its low toxicity, low cost, and the high natural abundance of Mn. Surface related reactions and bulk kinetics have been the major focus of this work. The main techniques exploited have been: electrochemical cycling, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Interface formation between the LiMn2O4 cathode and carbonate-based electrolytes has been followed under different pre-treatment conditions. The variables have been: number of charge/discharge cycles, storage time, potential, electrolyte salt and temperature. The formation of the surface layer was found not to be governed by electrochemical cycling. The species precipitating on the surface of the cathodes at ambient temperature have been determined to comprise a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds: LiF, LixPFy (or LixBFy, depending on the electrolyte salt used), LixPOyFz (or LixBOyFz) and poly(oxyethylene). Additional compounds were found at elevated temperatures: phosphorous oxides (or boron oxides) and polycarbonates. A model has been presented for the formation of these surface species at elevated temperatures. The cathode surface structure was found to change towards a lithium-rich and Mn3+-rich compound under self-discharge. The reduction of LiMn2O4, in addition to the high operating potential, induces oxidation of the electrolyte at the cathode surface. A novel in situ electrochemical/structural set-up has facilitated a study of the kinetics in the LiMn2O4 electrode. The results eliminate solid-phase diffusion as the rate-limiting factor in electrochemical cycling. The electrode preparation method used results in good utilisation of the electrode, even at high discharge rates.
46
Yu, Yongyue. "Advanced carbon electrode and green solvents for fabrication of metal halide perovskite solar cells." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236550/2/Yongyue%2BYu%2BThesis%283%29.pdf.
Анотація:
This thesis is dedicated to the studies addressing the key issues in current perovskite solar cells technology: the need to develop efficient low cost back electrode and to develop environmentally friendly synthesis protocols for perovskite materials. The research investigated the effect of incorporating liquid metal to the porous carbon electrode on the electrical conductivity, morphology of the electrode, which consequently influenced the performance of the perovskite solar cells. Meanwhile, perovskite thin layer with controllable crystallisation was successfully made by using methylammonium acetate based ionic liquid. The formation mechanism of perovskite compound using the ionic liquid as solvent was also studied.
47
Schiefer, Matthew Anthony. "Optimized Design of Neural Interfaces for Femoral Nerve Clinical Neuroprostheses: Anatomically-Based Modeling and Intraoperative Evaluation." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1237683232.
48
Cochet, Jean-Marc. "Etude voltamperometrique des graphites noirs de carbone et charbons actives : application a l'etude des superconducteurs." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066154.
49
Okubo, Hitoshi, Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour, Hiroki Kojima, Naoki Hayakawa, and Fumihiro Endo. "Influence of accumulated surface charges on partial discharge activity at micro gap delamination in epoxy GIS spacer." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13942.
50
Agel, Eric. "Electrode à air électrolyte solide polymère alcalin pour piles à combustible et générateur métal-air." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077002.