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Статті в журналах з теми "Electrode de Ni-YSZ":
1
Grimes, Jerren, Yubo Zhang, Dalton Cox, and Scott A. Barnett. "Enhancement of Ni-YSZ Fuel Electrode Performance Via Pressurization and GDC Infiltration." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01549mtgabs.
Анотація:
Solid oxide cell systems are often designed for operation with a pressurized stack. Although the cell performance is expected to improve with pressurization, the details of how pressure affects the performance of various technologically-relevant electrodes are typically not known. Here we investigate the electrochemical characteristics of Ni-YSZ and GDC-infiltrated Ni-YSZ fuel electrodes in Ni-YSZ-supported cells as a function of total pressure P from 1 to 5 atm in H2/H2O fuel mixtures with humidification of 25%, 50%, and 75% and temperatures of 600˚C and 700˚C. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the two limiting electrode processes are identified: charge transfer reactions and gas diffusion. The charge transfer resistance is significantly reduced for Ni-YSZ:GDC compared to Ni-YSZ for all conditions, with total polarization resistance RP reduced by 30 - 40%. Fitting the data to a power-law dependence, RP ∝ P−n, yields a power law exponent of n = 0.28 for Ni-YSZ and 0.36 for Ni-YSZ:GDC (at 600˚C) and n = 0.32 for Ni-YSZ and 0.39 (at 700˚C). That is, GDC infiltration improved electrode performance more at higher pressure. Increasing the total pressure from 1 to 5 atm results in a 42% and 47% reduction in RP for infiltrated electrodes at 600˚C and 700˚C; these values are averaged for all humidities. Increasing humidity from 25 to 50% at 1 atm resulted in a ~26% reduction in total RP. The Ni-YSZ:GDC electrode at 5 atm had a RP value 63% - 65% lower than that of the Ni-YSZ electrode at 1 atm, a very substantial combined effect. The impact of pressurization on overall cell area-specific resistance is assessed based on the present data combined with prior measurements of oxygen electrode pressurization effects.
2
Vibhu, Vaibhav, Izaak Vinke, Rudiger-A. Eichel, and L. G. J. (Bert) de Haart. "Performance and Electrochemical Behavior of LSM Based Fuel Electrode Materials Under High Temperature Electrolysis Conditions." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (May 19, 2023): 1401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1401ecst.
Анотація:
Ni-YSZ is known as the state-of-the-art fuel electrode material for solid oxide cells. However, this conventional fuel electrode experiences severe degradation due to Ni- agglomeration and migration away from the electrolyte. Therefore, to avoid such issues, we have considered Ni free electrodes i.e. La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSM) based perovskite oxides as fuel electrode. Under reducing atmosphere, the LSM perovskite phase transforms into a Ruddlesden-Popper (La0.6Sr0.4)2MnO4±δ phase. In addition to pure LSM fuel electrode, we have also investigated the performance of LSM+YSZ (50:50 wt %) and LSM+GDC (50:50 wt %) composite electrodes. The electrolyte-supported single cells were prepared using 8YSZ electrolyte supports, and in all cases, LSM+YSZ/LSM oxygen electrodes were used. The current-voltage characteristics show good performance for LSM and LSM+GDC fuel electrode containing single cells. However, a lower performance is observed for LSM+YSZ fuel electrode containing single cell. For instance, a current density of 997, 1025, and 511 mA.cm-2 at 1.5 V, are obtained for LSM, LSM+GDC, and LSM+YSZ fuel electrode containing single cells respectively, with 50% N2 and 50% H2O feed gas mixture.
3
Ranjan, Chinmoy. "Mechanistic Details of CO2 Electroreduction on Ni and Ni{Cu}-YSZ Electrodes Using Operando Spectroscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015413mtgabs.
Анотація:
Electroreduction of CO2 to fuels using renewable energy can significantly help in reducing emissions and dependence of fossil fuels. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels (CHx) is energy inefficient owing to multistep-multielectron transfer process which posses many kinetic limitations. The selective conversion of CO2 to CO is energy efficient. CO as product can be directly used as a fuel or converted to hydrocarbon fuels by using green hydrogen via Fischer-Tropsch reactions. Well known Ni/YSZ electrode architectures have both well-established lifetimes, performance benchmarks and optimised manufacturing protocols when it comes to use as SOFC. Unfortunately, using these electrodes as CO2 reduction electrodes requires use of H2 at the inlet. The reaction proceeds through a reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) (CO2 + H2 à CO + H2O) in conjunction with water electrolysis. Most of the CO originates from non-electrochemical RWGS reaction. Use of pure CO2 streams at currents exceeding 240mA/cm2 leads to catastrophic electrode failure. In the literature, it is believed that transformation of Ni metal to NiOx and carbon deposition via Bouduard reaction are the causes of electrode failure in pure CO2. We have adapted this well-known Ni/YSZ electrode by impregnation of Cu into the Ni architecture. The Ni{Cu}/YSZ electrode not only does not deactivate but also shows improved performance in every aspect compared to the pure Ni/YSZ electrode. We have developed a unique setup for operando Raman Spectroscopy and online mass spectroscopy which can be used to study electrode reactions under both steady state and transient conditions. Using this setup, we have shown that Ni-YSZ and Ni{Cu}/YSZ electrodes go through an oxide mediated mechanism of CO2 reduction. Metal oxides such as NiOx and Ni{Cu}Ox are the active catalyst species and not the metals. Upon applying strongly reducing conditions (currents > 240mA/cm2), NiOx reduces to Ni metal which can no longer catalyse the reaction, whereas the oxide on Ni{Cu}Ox is much stronger and does not reduce under even the most reducing of conditions (reducing currents >480mA/cm2). Such an electrode remains active for reducing pure CO2. Supporting studies using SEM, TEM, XPS, operando EIS, TPR and DFT modelling were also carried out. We believe that enabling CO2 reduction Ni/YSZ architecture using Cu impregnation is a game changer as all aspects of electrode manufacturing and device compatibility for Ni/YSZ have been extensively tested and market proven. This will allow for quick adaptation for this electrode in the CO2-SOEC market. Besides this, such a mechanistic study remains unique in the field of solid oxide-based research. Figure 1
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Budiman, Riyan Achmad, Rikuto Konishi, Nanako Bisaka, Keiji Yashiro, and Tatsuya Kawada. "Time-Dependence of Microstructural Evolution and Performance Degradation of Ni/YSZ Electrode in Co-Electrolysis SOEC." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154231mtgabs.
Анотація:
Production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels with Co-electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) by Fischer-Tropsch reaction has attracted attention to solving energy and environmental problems. Reduction of CO2 and H2O to CO and H2 like a simple reaction process. However, carbon coking and microstructure alteration due to long-term operation could cause degradation performance, especially at Ni/YSZ fuel electrode. In this study, we determined the microstructure evolution and performance degradation of fuel electrode supported SOEC (Nexceris, USA) as function of temperature under 10% H2O:20%CO2 and applied voltage of -1.3 Volt. As a result, lower temperatures (1023 K) degradation showed faster degradation rate than higher temperatures (1073 K) despite similar fuel composition. Post-mortem analysis by SEM-EDX showed that the amount of carbon deposition is relatively low. However, the Ni average diameter increase by factor of two compared to as-reduced Ni/YSZ fuel electrode. Another measurement was conducted to confirm the effect of the water vapor only. It showed that the Ni average diameter was observed to be similar between co-electrolysis and water electrolysis conditions. This result indicated that the change of the Ni average diameter could be affected by the presence of water vapor only. There have been many reports on the change of Ni diameter in the Ni/YSZ for SOEC [1,2]. The Ni migration/diffusion in the Ni/YSZ fuel electrode is a complex mechanism, especially at the porous body because the complex geometry and morphology. Thus, it is so often to use model electrodes to simplify the geometry in order to understand the Ni migration [3]. The YSZ film was deposited on the MgO single crystal by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). After that, the Ni film sputtered onto YSZ thin film, then patterned by photolithography. The Ni-pattern electrode can be viewed as a simplified cross-section of a porous electrode and simulated on a flat surface. It has two side Ni patterns in the opposite direction which are separated by a small gap on YSZ film which works as the electrolyte. At the edge of the Ni-pattern electrodes, the Pt electrodes were sputtered as a current collector. The model electrode was measured by applying a voltage on two-side of the Ni-patterned electrode where one Ni pattern was in fuel cell mode and another Ni pattern was in electrolysis mode. The measurement was completed under various gas composition at 1173 K. The measurement was taken every 20 h – 40 h before the laser microscope was used to observe the change in the Ni pattern electrode. The result on the model electrode will be corroborated with our study on Ni/YSZ porous. Acknowledgement This study was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan. Reference: [1] A. Hauch, S. D. Ebbesen, S. H. Jensen, M. Mogensen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155(11) (2008) B1184-B1193. [2] D. The, S. Grieshammer, M. Schroeder, M. Martin, M. A. Daroukh, F. Tietz, J. Schefold, A. Brisse, J. Power Sources, 275 (2015) 901-911. [3] Z. Ouyang, Y. Komatsu, A. Sciazko, J. Onishi, K. Nishimura, N. Shikazono, J. Power Sources, 529 (2022) 231228.
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Budiman, Riyan Achmad, Rikuto Konishi, Nanako Bisaka, Keiji Yashiro, and Tatsuya Kawada. "Time-Dependence of Microstructural Evolution and Performance Degradation of Ni/YSZ Electrode in Co-Electrolysis SOEC." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (May 19, 2023): 1509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1509ecst.
Анотація:
To understand the degradation phenomena of the Ni/YSZ cathode in co-electrolysis SOEC, durability measurements are performed on electrode-supported cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The co-electrolysis (with CO2) cells are compared to the water electrolysis at 1073 K under -1.3 V for 100 h. From the analysis, it is revealed that the cathode resistance increases over the operating time, and this degradation is accompanied by the change in the Ni particle size. The Ni particle size of the co-electrolysis cell is almost similar to the water electrolysis cell. This result is corroborated by the result of the Ni-patterned electrode on YSZ thin film which measured at 1173 K for 100 h in the co-electrolysis operation. The delamination of the Ni-patterned electrodes is observed close to the electrolyte of YSZ. Those results on the electrode-supported cell and the model electrode are discussed to understand the governing factors of the electrode degradation.
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Kamboj, Vipin, and Chinmoy Ranjan. "CO2 Electroreduction to Fuels Using Solid Oxide Electrodes: Beyond Ni-YSZ." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491946mtgabs.
Анотація:
Ni-YSZ electrodes form the benchmark in Carbon Dioxide electroreduction to CO. Ni-YSZ due its popular use in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells forms the basis of various process steps. Unfortunately, this material remains active only if a certain amount of hydrogen is supplied along side CO2 to the inlet of the reaction. Consequently, the Ni-YSZ results in CO production via reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction when H2 is supplied at the inlet. The currents for the electrode originate from electrolysis of H2O which is formed as a result of reverse water has shift. We have quantified the amount of CO produced from RWGS vs direct CO2 electrolysis in such a system using online mass spectrometry (MS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements where analysed using distribution of relaxation times analysis. Under low concentration of H2 the overall impedance is dominated by H2 mass transfer. Effects of concentration of various reactants were measured using online MS. The process of pretreatment of the electrodes and catalyst surface development during reaction were tracked using in situ Raman Spectroscopy and optical spectrocopy. Electrodes were structurally characterised using SEM, TEM, XPS and ICP-OES measurememts. Various new combination of mixed metal oxide electrodes Ni(M)-YSZ were tested and compared with the performance of pure Ni-YSZ. Ni-YSZ electrode when used under pure CO2 results in catastrophic failure of the electrode performance. We have investigated this failure using in situ Raman and Mass spectrometry. The mechanism of CO2 production in pure CO2 stream was found to be drastically different from when a small amount of H2 is used. Figure 1
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Ouyang, Zhufeng, Anna Sciazko, Yosuke Komatsu, Nishimura Katsuhiko, and Naoki Shikazono. "Effects of Transition Metal Elements on Ni Migration in Solid Oxide Cell Fuel Electrodes." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (May 19, 2023): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.0171ecst.
Анотація:
In the present study, Ni-M (M = Fe, Cu) bimetallic fuel electrodes are applied to investigate the effects of transition metal elements on nickel (Ni) migration and Ni coarsening under SOFC and SOEC operations. Ni-Fe, Ni-Cu and pure Ni patterned fuel electrodes are sputtered on YSZ pellets. The electrochemical performance of these Ni-M bimetallic fuel electrodes are lower than pure Ni fuel electrode, while the degradation rate of Ni-Fe fuel electrodes is smaller than the others. The spreading of Ni film on YSZ surface is observed for all samples under anodic polarization, and such Ni migration is suppressed by Fe doping, whereas it was enhanced by Cu doping. The adhesion between the electrode/electrolyte interface is weakened for Ni-Cu and pure Ni fuel electrodes under cathodic polarization, while good adhesion at the interface is maintained for Ni-Fe, which correlates with the smaller performance degradation rate.
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Macalisang, Christine Mae, James Francis Imperial, and Rinlee Butch Cervera. "Facile Preparation of Porous Ni-YSZ Electrode Composite Material: From Highly Dense to Desirable Electrode Porosity Even without Pore Former." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 46 (December 22, 2023): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02462274mtgabs.
Анотація:
Ni-YSZ is a key electrode material for solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOC) applications, such as fuel or electrolysis cell applications. The number of active sites, specifically the triple-phase boundaries (TPB), strongly affects the electrode performance. Thus, in order to achieve good electrode performance, a desirable microstructure of the electrode is essential. This study investigated the effect of precursor particle size without using pore former in developing porous Ni-YSZ electrode materials. Precursors were prepared with different particle sizes using a planetary ball mill. In comparison, Ni-YSZ with carbon black as a pore former was also prepared. From the XRD patterns, major peaks can be attributed to the cubic phases of NiO and YSZ. SEM images revealed that a highly dense as-sintered NiO-YSZ electrode was achieved; however, a desirable porous microstructure was obtained after reduction to Ni-YSZ, even without a pore former. In comparison, the prepared electrode with carbon black pore former has a larger pore size than the sample prepared without pore former. The obtained total bulk conductivities for the reduced Ni-YSZ without pore former at 700 oC is 3.94x10-1 S/cm with Ea of 0.02 eV at 500-700 oC. Thus, a desirable porous Ni-YSZ electrode with more TPBs and high total conductivity can be achieved even without a pore former. Figure 1
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Lee, Min-Jin, Kyoung-Jin Lee, Jae-Hwa Shin, and Haejin Hwang. "Fabrication of Durable Ni–YSZ Hydrogen Electrode for High-Temperature Solid Electrolyzer Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 3842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19232.
Анотація:
Solid oxide electrolyzer cells with an Ni–Fe–yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-Fe-YSZ) hydrogen electrode as the cathode, lanthanum strontium ferrite (LSCF)-gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) air electrode as the anode, and YSZ as the electrolyte were fabricated, and the oxidation protection effect of sacrificial Fe particles was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that Ni was protected from oxidation under a water vapor atmosphere by sacrificial Fe. Scanning electron microscopy observations suggested that the Ni particles accumulated in the Ni-YSZ hydrogen electrode, which might have been associated with the partial oxidation of Ni during cell operation at 700 °C in 50% H2O/15% H2/35% Ar atmosphere. No appreciable microstructural changes were observed for the Ni–Fe–YSZ hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, the presence of the sacrificial Fe particles could be responsible for the superior durability of the cell, compared with that of the cell featuring the conventional Ni–YSZ hydrogen electrode.
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Ouyang, Zhufeng, Anna Sciazko, Yosuke Komatsu, Nishimura Katsuhiko, and Naoki Shikazono. "Effects of Transition Metal Elements on Ni Migration in Solid Oxide Cell Fuel Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015428mtgabs.
Анотація:
Solid oxide cells (SOCs), both solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), have emerged and attracted more and more attentions due to its high energy conversion efficiency and fuel flexibility. However, degradation of fuel electrodes after long-term operation remains as one of the main challenges for their commercial application. Two major types of microstructure evolution, nickel (Ni) migration and Ni coarsening in Ni - yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) fuel electrodes have been widely reported, which have strong impacts on both cell performance and durability. Therefore, materials-driven research has focused on developing more robust fuel electrodes with good electrocatalytic ability. Utilization of Ni alloys has immersed as a promising concept to enhance the performance and robustness of conventional Ni/YSZ. In the present study, Ni-M (M = Fe, Cu) bimetallic fuel electrodes are applied to investigate the effects of transition metal elements on the morphological evolutions under SOFC and SOEC operations. Ni-Fe, Ni-Cu and pure Ni patterned fuel electrodes are sputtered on YSZ pellets. The electrochemical performance of these Ni-M bimetallic fuel electrodes decreases compared with pure Ni fuel electrode, while the performance degradation rate of Ni-Fe fuel electrodes is smaller than others. Besides, the spreading of Ni film on YSZ surface is observed for all samples under anodic polarization and such Ni migration is suppressed by Fe doping, whereas enhanced by Cu doping. On the other hand, the adhesion is weakened at the electrode / electrolyte interface for Ni-Cu and pure Ni fuel electrodes under cathodic polarization, while good adhesion at the interface is maintained for Ni-Fe, which correlates with the smaller performance degradation rate.
Дисертації з теми "Electrode de Ni-YSZ":
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Rorato, Léa. "Optimisation des électrodes de Ni-YSZ pour une meilleure stabilité des cellules à oxydes solides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI013.
Анотація:
La durabilité des Cellules à Oxyde Solide reste l'un des principaux problèmes limitant le déploiement à grande échelle de cette technologie. La température de fonctionnement élevée (700°C-850°C) ainsi que la polarisation peuvent induire une réactivité entre les composants de la cellule ainsi qu’une évolution de la microstructure des électrodes, en particulier en mode électrolyse (SOEC). Plus précisément, le cermet de Ni-YSZ, classiquement utilisé comme électrode à hydrogène est soumis à un grossissement local du Ni et à une redistribution sur une grande distance. En effet, une migration substantielle du Ni loin de l'interface électrolyte/cermet est généralement observée en mode électrolyse. Inversement, seul un léger enrichissement en Ni de l'interface électrolyte/électrode est détecté après un temps long de fonctionnement en mode pile à combustible. Cependant, le mécanisme sous-jacent à l’origine de la migration du Ni, est peu ou mal compris et fait l’objet de nombreuses études internationales. Cette thèse a donc été consacrée à la compréhension du mécanisme de migration du Ni, en utilisant une approche couplée expérimentale et de modélisation. Premièrement, un mécanisme a été proposé pour la migration du Ni qui prend en compte l'évolution de la double couche électrochimique et la mouillabilité du Ni sur la YSZ avec la polarisation de l'électrode. De plus, une série de tests de longues durées a été menée afin d'étudier l'effet des différentes conditions de fonctionnement sur l'évolution de la microstructure du Ni, y compris la caractérisation de la microstructure post-test. Ensuite, un modèle basé sur le mécanisme proposé a été développé dans un code d’éléments finis (COMSOL®), utilisant la théorie des champs de phase pour la prédiction de l'évolution de la migration du Ni. Le modèle de champ de phase a initialement été validé sur une microstructure simplifiée avant d'être appliqué à une microstructure réelle. Il convient de noter que le gradient de mouillabilité Ni/YSZ imposé comme conditions limites dans le modèle de champ de phase a été calculé à l'aide d'un modèle électrochimique calibré pour reproduire le comportement des cellules utilisées dans le cadre de cette thèse. Des simulations en modes SOEC et SOFC dans les conditions des tests de durabilité (-/+1 A.cm-², 750°C), pour 2000h, ont été lancées puis les résultats ont été discutés à la lumière de la bibliographie et confrontés aux reconstructions expérimentales des électrodes. Finalement, la pertinence du mécanisme proposé a été confirmée par le bon accord entre les simulations et les données expérimentalesThe Solid Oxide Cells durability remains one of the main issue limiting the large-scale deployment of this technology. The high operating temperature (700°C-850°C) and polarization can induce reactivity between the cell components or microstructure evolution in the electrodes especially in electrolysis mode (SOEC). Specifically, the classical Ni-YSZ cermet used as hydrogen electrode is subjected to Ni local coarsening and redistribution over large distance. Indeed, a substantial Ni migration away from the electrolyte/cermet interface is generally observed in electrolysis mode. Conversely, only a slight Ni enrichment of the electrolyte/electrode interface is detected for long-term operation in fuel cell mode. However, the underlying mechanism for the Ni migration remains unclear. Therefore, this thesis has been dedicated to the understanding of the Ni-migration using a coupled experimental and modelling approach. For this purpose, a mechanism has been proposed for Ni migration that takes into account the evolution of the electrochemical double layer and the Ni wettability on YSZ, with the electrode polarization. Besides, a series of long-term tests have been conducting in order to investigate the effect of the different operating conditions on the evolution of the Ni microstructure including post-test microstructural characterization. Then, a model based on the proposed mechanism has been developed in a finite element code (COMSOL®) using the phase-field theory to predict the evolution of the Ni migration on real microstructures. The phase-field model has been first validated on a simplified microstructure before been applied to a real one. It is worth noting that the gradient in Ni/YSZ wettability imposed as boundary conditions in the phase-field model have been computed with an electrochemical model calibrated to reproduce the behaviour of the cells used in this work. Phase-field simulations in SOEC and SOFC modes in the conditions of the experiments for 2000h (-/+1 A/cm², 750°C) have been launched and the results discussed in the light of the bibliography and confronted to the experimental electrode reconstructions. The good agreement between the simulations and the experimental data tends to prove the relevance of the proposed mechanism
Частини книг з теми "Electrode de Ni-YSZ":
1
Hong, Hyun Seon, Ui-Seok Chae, Keun Man Park, and Soo-Tae Choo. "Synthesis of Ni-YSZ Cermet for an Electrode of High Temperature Electrolysis by High Energy Ball Milling." In Materials Science Forum, 662–65. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-966-0.662.
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Trini, M., S. De Angelis, P. S. Jørgensen, A. Hauch, M. Chen, and P. V. Hendriksen. "Phase Field Modelling of Microstructural Changes in NI/YSZ Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Electrodes." In Proceeding of the 42nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, 165–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119543343.ch16.
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Lei, Yinkai, William Epting, Jerry Mason, Tian-Le Cheng, Harry Abernathy, Gregory Hackett, and Youhai Wen. "Simulating Microstructure Evolution in Ni-YSZ Electrodes of Solid Oxide Cells Under Operating Conditions." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 457–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92381-5_42.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Electrode de Ni-YSZ":
1
Kim-Lohsoontorn, P., H. B. Yim, and J. M. Bae. "Electrochemical Performance of Ni-YSZ, Ni/Ru-GDC, LSM-YSZ, LSCF and LSF Electrodes for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33017.
Анотація:
The electrochemical performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) having nickel – yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) hydrogen electrode and a composite lanthanum strontium manganite – YSZ (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ – YSZ) oxygen electrodes has been studied over a range of operating conditions temperature (700 to 900°C). Increasing temperature significantly increased electrochemical performance and hydrogen generation efficiency. Durability studies of the cell in electrolysis mode were made over 200 h periods (0.1 A/cm2, 800°C, and H2O/H2 = 70/30). The cell significantly degraded over the time (2.5 mV/h). Overpotentials of various SOEC electrodes were evaluated. Ni-YSZ as a hydrogen electrode exhibited higher activity in SOFC mode than SOEC mode while Ni/Ru-GDC presented symmetrical behavior between fuel cell and electrolysis mode and gave lower losses when compared to the Ni-YSZ electrode. All the oxygen electrodes gave higher activity for the cathodic reaction than the anodic reaction. Among the oxygen electrodes in this study, LSM-YSZ exhibited nearest to symmetrical behavior between cathodic and anodic reaction. Durability studies of the electrodes in electrolysis mode were made over 20–70 h periods. Performance degradations of the oxygen electrodes were observed (3.4, 12.6 and 17.6 mV/h for LSM-YSZ, LSCF and LSF, respectively). The Ni-YSZ hydrogen electrode exhibited rather stable performance while the performance of Ni/Ru-GDC decreased (3.4 mV/h) over the time. This was likely a result of the reduction of ceria component at high operating voltage.
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Sakamoto, Yusuke, Naoki Shikazono, and Nobuhide Kasagi. "Effects of Electrode Microstructure on Polarization Characteristics of SOFC Anodes." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65079.
Анотація:
Anode microstructure parameters were quantified by SEM-EDX measurements and the dependence of polarization characteristics on the anode microstructure parameters is investigated experimentally. Nickel yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) anode supported cells with a thin YSZ electrolyte, lanthanum-strontium-manganite (LSM)-YSZ composite cathode, and LSM cathode current collector layers were fabricated by dip coating method. Anode microstructure was successfully imaged and quantified by ultra low voltage SEM and by means of stereology. Cell voltage measurements and impedance spectroscopy were performed at 650 and 750°C with hydrogen diluted by nitrogen as a fuel. A quantitative relationship between measured polarization and microstructure parameters, e.g., three phase boundary length, contiguity, etc., was discussed. Finally, a cell with an anode functional layer (AFL) was fabricated to investigate the possibility of improving both activation and concentration polarization characteristics.
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Martins, R. F., M. C. Brant, R. Z. Domingues, and T. Matencio. "NiO/YSZ Composites for SOFC: Synthesis and Characterization." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97146.
Анотація:
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) works at high temperature and is normally used in stationary devices which are of wide interest in the world market. The most currently SOFC developers utilize yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as electrolyte, strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) as cathode and a Ni/YSZ cermet obtained from NiO/YSZ in situ reduction as anode. The electrode performance is directly influenced by powder grain sizes, homogeneity, purity, and amount of Ni. Although physical mixture is a simpler procedure it hardly gives homogeneous materials as suitable to SOFC applications. Alternative chemical methods are sol-gel, impregnation and those derived from Pechini route. The present work compares thermal stability and hydrogen reducibility of NiO/YSZ composites prepared by impregnation (I), Pechini (P) and physical mixture (PM) procedures.
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Coyle, T. W., and Y. Wang. "Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) of Ni-YSZ SOFC Anode Coatings." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0699.
Анотація:
Abstract Although the deposition of Ni-YSZ anodes by plasma conventional spray is more successful than other SOFC components, the large NiO and YSZ particles used for the spray process, about 50-150 microns for high porosity coating deposition, reduce the density of three phase sites for electrode reaction. In this paper, the solution precursor plasma spraying (DCSPPS) process, in which solution precursors of the desired resultant materials are fed into a DC plasma jet by atomizing gas, was used to synthesize and deposit porous Ni-YSZ composite anodes. The deposition results show that several process parameters have significant effects on the microstructure and phase composition of the deposited material. The deposits were composed of tower-like, irregularly shaped agglomerates and splats. The sizes of the agglomerates increase with the decrease of the plasma torch power and most are not completely molten during the impact. The amount of splats is proportional to the power and they are much smaller than the agglomerates in volume. After heat treatment to reduce the NiO present in the as deposited coatings, the coatings were found to contain small spherical YSZ particles about 0.5 micrometers in diameter distributed in a continuous Ni matrix. The coatings have 29%-51% porosity depending on the process parameters.
5
Ju, W. T., and S. H. Hong. "Development of Fabrication Processes for Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) by Plasma Spraying." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p1067.
Анотація:
Abstract The atmospheric pressure plasma spray processes for functional layers of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell are developed to build a fuel cell structure consisting of air electrode, ceramic electrolyte, and fuel electrode. Further more the characteristics of each film are also investigated. The layers of LSM (La0.65Sr0.35MnO3) air electrode and Ni/8YSZ fuel electrode have porosities of 23 ~32 % sufficient for supplying fuel and oxidant gases efficiently to electrochemical reaction interfaces. The measured electrical conductivities of the electrodes are higher than 90 S/cm at 1000 °C, which satisfy the requirement as the current collecting electrodes. The YSZ electrolyte film has a high ionic conductivity of 0.07 S/cm at 1000 °C, but shows a bit too porous to block the oxygen molecule penetration through it. A unit tubular SOFC is fabricated by the optimized plasma spray processes for depositing each functional film and forming a porous cylindrical supporting tube of the cell, and turns out to have a promising capability of electricity generation.
6
Milobar, Daniel G., Peiwen Li, and James E. O’Brien. "Analytical Study, 1-D Optimization Modeling, and Testing of Electrode Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18261.
Анотація:
The need for an infrastructure to provide hydrogen as a next generation energy carrier is ever increasing. High temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have been proven to be a viable technology in the production of hydrogen [1]. With the increasing use of SOECs in various operating environments it is important to be able to specify the best SOEC for any given situation. We have developed a straightforward model to estimate cell performance in a timely and inexpensive manner. Composite electrode planer type SOEC models have been developed previously. It is a common assumption that all electrochemical reactions in these cells occur at the interface of the electrolyte and the electrode [2]. It has been shown by S. Gewies et al. [3] that the reactions occurring throughout a Ni/YSZ cermet electrode occur in a nonlinear fashion. Our one dimensional model has been developed to optimize SOECs with composite electrodes. This model takes into account ohmic, activation, and concentration polarizations. The electrochemical reaction that occurs within the electrode functional layers has been accounted for in the calculation of the concentration polarization. This is believed to give a more realistic view of the mass transfer that occurs in SOECs with composite electrodes via a simple and straightforward 1-D model.
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Schiller, G., M. Müller, R. Ruckdäschel, R. Henne, and M. Lang. "Plasma Spraying of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Components." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0027.
Анотація:
Abstract The central components for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are the electrodes-electrolyte multilayer arrangement (PEN) and the separating bipolar plates. The PEN (Positive electrode- Electrolyte-Negative electrode) assembly consists of a dense gastight yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and porous electrodes for which usually Ni-YSZ cermet anode and Sr-doped LaMnO3 cathode layers are used. The various PEN units are connected in a cell stack by bipolar plates which are either metallic or ceramic ones. Furthermore, a protective layer on the metallic bipolar plates consisting of a chromium alloy is required to prevent chromium evaporation leading to a rapid and strong degradation of the SOFC performance. At the DLR Stuttgart both the DC and the RF vacuum plasma spraying technique have been further developed and adapted to meet the requirements for the manufacture of the different SOFC components. The DCVPS process using specially developed Laval-like nozzles is especially appropriate to the production of thin and dense coatings as required for the electrolyte and the protective layers. However, applying special spray parameters and nozzles it is also possible to deposit porous electrode layers. The production of the entire PEN arrangement in one consecutive DC-VPS process is the objective of the actual development. On the other hand, the RF plasma spray technique is suitable for the near net-shape production of bulk components such as the metallic bipolar plate. The development of the deposition processes for the production of SOFC components using DC and RF plasma spray methods and the results obtained concerning PEN fabrication, deposition of protective layers and the near net-shape production of metallic bipolar plates are presented in the paper.
8
Maric, Radenka, Roberto Neagu, Ye Zhang-Steenwinkel, Frans P. F. van Berkel, and Bert Rietveld. "Flame Deposition of the Electrolyte and Cathode for High and Stable Performance of Low-Temperature SOFCs." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33342.
Анотація:
The key obstacles to the development of low operating temperature (LT) SOFCs are high ohmic resistance and high electrode overpotentials. In the present work, we demonstrate excellent cell performance at 600 °C on a anode supported bi-layer electrolyte SOFC having a thin RSDT-made cerium gadolinium oxide (Gd0.2Ce0.8O2−δ, CGO) and a lanthanum strontium cobaltite (La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ, LSC) perovskite cathode. The measured ohmic resistance of the ASE cell with CGO layer deposited by RSDT was 0.24 ohm.cm2, which is close to the expected theoretical value of 0.17 ohm.cm2 for a 5 micron thick 8YSZ electrolyte at 600 °C. This indicates that the obtained peak power output density is approaching what is theoretically possible. This work is based on the lab scale use of Reactive Spray Deposition Technology (RSDT) which is an open atmosphere, cost efficient technique that does not require high vapor precursors and is an effective way to deposit thin ceramic layers of YSZ/CGO/LSC onto Ni-YSZ substrates. It has the potential to chain successive coating steps thus, significantly simplifying the production of multilayered ceramic structures as the SOFCs and reducing the cost associated with manufacturing of the cells.
9
Lanzini, Andrea, Pierluigi Leone, Marco Pieroni, Massimo Santarelli, Davide Beretta, and Stefano Ginocchio. "Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Direct Internal Reforming of Biogases in Tubular SOFC." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33102.
Анотація:
Biogas-fed SOFC systems can be considered as interesting power systems in the framework of distributed generation plants. In particular, bio-methane (CH4/CO2 60/40 vol.) and bio-hydrogen (H2/CO2 50/50 vol.), produced from anaerobic digestion of wastes, represent renewable fuels for high efficiency electrochemical generators. This study investigates the behavior of an anode-supported (Ni-YSZ) tubular cell fed by the two fuels. The tubular geometry has been considered since it causes a complete separation of the electrodes reactants, allowing the analysis of the evolution of the fuel gas inside the tube, in terms of composition (consequence of electrochemical and heterogeneous chemical reactions) and temperature field. The experiments have been designed in order to analyse the behavior under different load and fuel utilization conditions. In particular, the fuel mixtures have been conditioned to avoid carbon build-up on the anode electrode. The experimental results have been then used to validate a 2D model (taking into account the cell axial symmetry) of the multi-physics phenomena occurring along the tubular cell. The model shows a good accordance with the experimental data, and has therefore been used to analyse the effects linked to the modification of some geometrical parameters of the tube in terms of performance of the cell.
10
Ma, X. Q., S. Hui, H. Zhang, J. Dai, J. Roth, T. D. Xiao, and D. E. Reisner. "Intermediate Temperature SOFC Based on Fully Integrated Plasma Sprayed Components." In ITSC2003, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p0163.
Анотація:
Abstract This work addresses the fabrication of membrane-type SOFCs, operating at an intermediate temperature using all components fabricated by plasma spray technology, and to evaluate the performance of the SOFC single unit at a temperature range of 500-800 0C. Single cells composed of a LaSrMnO3 (“LSM”) cathode, LaSrGaMgO3 (“LSGM”) electrolyte and a Ni/YSZ anode, were fabricated in successive atmospheric plasma spraying processes. Plasma spraying processes have been optimized and tailored to each layer in order to achieve a high porosity cathode or anode layer as well as a high density electrolyte layer. Major effort has been devoted to the production of the LSGM electrolyte film with high density and free-cracking. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the conductivity of the electrode layers and particularly the resistance of the electrolyte layer. It was revealed that the heat treatment had a great influence on the specific conductivity of the sprayed electrolyte layer, and that the specific conductivity of the heat-treated one was dramatically increased to the same magnitude as that of a sintered LSGM pellet. The experimental results have demonstrated that the plasma spray process has great potential for the integrated fabrication of the medium temperature SOFC units.