Дисертації з теми "Electrochromic application"
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Ak, Metin. "Synthesis Of Polythiophene And Polypyrrole Derivatives And Their Application In Electrochromic Devices." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608070/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаelectrochromism&rdquo
. In recent years there has been a growing interest in application of conducting polymers in electrochromic devices. Thus, electrochromic properties of the synthesized conducting polymers were investigated by several methods like spectroelectrochemistry, kinetic and colorimetry studies. Spectroelectrochemistry experiments were performed in order to investigate key properties of conjugated polymers such as band gap, maximum absorption wavelength, the intergap states that appear upon doping and evolution of polaron and bipolaron bands. Switching time and optical contrast of the homopolymers and copolymers were evaluated via kinetic studies. Results implied the possible use of these materials in electrochromic devices due to their good electrochromic properties.
Dillingham, J. L. "Investigation of bipyridilium and Prussian blue systems for their potential application in electrochromic devices." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7181.
Повний текст джерелаTarkuc, Simge. "Synthesis And Characterization Of A New Soluble Polythiophene Derivative And Its Electrochromic Application." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607993/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерела#960
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* transition, polaron, and bipolaron band formations, respectively. The spectroelectrochemical behavior of the P(PTP-co-EDOT) in comparison to those of the respective homopolymers revealed solid evidence of copolymerization based upon the differences in the spectral signatures. Switching time of the polymers was evaluated by kinetic studies upon measuring the percent transmittance (%T) at the maximum contrast point. As an application, absorption/transmission type electrochromic devices with ITO/homopolymer(copolymer)/gel electrolyte/PEDOT/ITO configuration was constructed, where homopolymer (copolymer) and PEDOT functioned as the anodically and the cathodically coloring layers, respectively. Spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability and open circuit memory of the devices were investigated. The results revealed that these devices have good switching times, reasonable contrasts and optical memories.
Spence, Graham Harvey. "New polymer and gel electrolytes for potential application in smart windows." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/614.
Повний текст джерелаMurray, Keith Russell. "Electrochromic materials their contribution to sustainability in the built environment /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26226.
Повний текст джерелаSchwendeman, Irina. "Optical and transport properties of conjugated polymers and their application to electrochromic devices." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000606.
Повний текст джерелаKenny, Leo Thomas. "Preparation and characterization of lithium cobalt oxide by chemical vapor deposition for application in thin film battery and electrochromic devices /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAdviser: Terry E. Haas. Submitted to the Dept. of Chemistry. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
Apaydin, Dogukan Hazar. "Electrochromic And Photovoltaic Applications Of Conjugated Polymers." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614481/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCruz, Ana Sofia Rações da. "Dual-phase inkjet printed electrochromic layers based on PTA and WOX/TiO2 nanoparticles for electrochromic applications." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5093.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the work was to develop flexible electrochromic windows via Inkjet Printing Technique based on amorphous Peroxotungstic Acid (PTA) and metal oxide nanocrystals. A unique selection of materials allows for a solution processed deposition of low temperature electrochromic layer which is compatible with flexible substrates such as PET, PEN and paper. The use of Inkjet Printing Technique was motivated by the fact that it is a cost efficient method (mass production) which has a reduced consumption of materials and energy. It is also a non-contact, digital, no mask and no vacuum patterning method which greatly simplifies the technological process. Developed devices were tested using optical, electrochemical, and structural characterization techniques, in order to find the optimum electrochromic layer composition which would guarantee desirable electrochromic behavior of the material. Laboratory studies were supported by statistical techniques such as Design of Experiment (DOE) and Multiple Regression which leads to a fitting of mathematical model of the optical and electrical responses. The dual-phase electrochromic layer consists in the combination of both amorphous and nanocrystalline phases significantly improve the electrochromic performance of the devices. The developed method of electrochromic windows manufacturing meets all the objectives at the beginning of the study.
Sibuyi, Praise. "Nano-rods WO3-δ for electrochromic smart windows applications". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2367.
Повний текст джерелаTungsten oxide is a good electrochromic material which has been used in the construction of smart windows through visible modulation. These smart materials can reversibly change their optical properties with the application of an external voltage. Their ability to lighten and darken on command is ideally suited for energy-efficiency windows. The process itself or the overall reaction should respond in seconds and as quick as possible. The goal of this project was to prepare epitaxial well defined tungsten oxide nanorods by the thermal evaporation technique.
South Africa
Bartlett, I. D. "Characterisation and optimisation of carbazole modified polysiloxanes for electrochromic applications." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636047.
Повний текст джерелаGolden, Stephen John. "Behaviour of thin film oxide based electrodes in electrochromic applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47080.
Повний текст джерелаMa, Yun. "Photofunctional molecular materials for chemical sensing, bioimaging and electrochromic applications." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/206.
Повний текст джерелаMcMeeking, Graham Donald. "Deposition and characterisation of nickel oxide based coatings for advanced glazing applications." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/dbc17ff5-9a46-895e-1cf3-925fd43fa47b/1.
Повний текст джерелаWei, Guang. "Lithium cobalt oxide thin films : preparation and characterization for electrochromic applications /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1991.
Знайти повний текст джерелаSubmitted to the Dept. of Electrical Engineering (Electro-Optics Option). Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
Baran, Derya. "Electrochromic And Photovoltaic Applications Of Benzotriazole Bearing Donor Acceptor Type Conjugated Polymers." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611593/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDeininger, James J. "Synthesis of pi conjugated polymers for use in photovoltaic and electrochromic applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53873.
Повний текст джерелаJain, Vaibhav. "Applications of Layer-by-Layer Films in Electrochromic Devices and Bending Actuators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28907.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
BLANC, BRUDE CHRISTOPHE. "Etude d'une pile metal/gel/halogene application a l'affichage electrochrome." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066027.
Повний текст джерелаShahi, Sandeep Kaur. "The synthesis and testing of fast switching, novel conjugated polymers for electrochromic applications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28503.
Повний текст джерелаThompson, Barry C. "Variable band gap poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)-based polymers for photovoltaic and electrochromic applications." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009960.
Повний текст джерелаCosta, Cláudia Brito da. "Printed electronics for ubiquitous computing applications." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9317.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D. project is focused on the synthesis of functional inorganic materials, their formulation into inks and their deposition using inkjet printing on non-conventional substrates, such as paper, with the ultimate goal of advancing the state-of-the-art in the area of printed electrochromic displays. Other materials, inks,techniques and substrates were also explored. The first step in building a printed electrochromic display is to synthesize the functional materials necessary for the different layers of the device; this part of the work focused on inorganic electrochromic materials (tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide) and on transparent conductive oxides (TCO). ATO(antimony tin oxide) was synthesized using the Pechini method and the results obtained were promising. Tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide nanoparticles were also synthesized via a sol-gel route. FTIR,Raman and X-ray diffraction spectroscopic measurements showed that tungsten oxide nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel are mainly in an amorphous state, with hexagonal crystalline domains, and allowed the analysis of the hydration extent of those nanoparticles. Vanadium oxide gel synthesized in this work is similar to those previously described in the literature, consisting of V2O5.6H2O, with microstructures similar to orthorhombic V2O5, while Raman spectroscopy also showed the presence of amorphous domains. The nanoparticle sizes were measured combining Dynamic Light Scattering, sedimentation and microscopic techniques (AFM and TEM). Tungsten oxide particles presented an average nanoparticle size between 160 and 200 nm, and vanadium oxide of 60 nm. The nanoparticles were used to produce ink formulations for application in inkjet printing. In addition to tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide, other electrochromic materials were printed. This part of the work examined the possibility of inkjet printing several organic (poly(thiophene)s) and inorganic electrochromic materials (metal oxides and metal hexacyanometallates) and also evaluated the performance of the resulting electrochromic devices. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate), poly(3-hexylthiophene), tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide and Prussian blue were inkjet printed on flexible substrates, such as plastic and paper. Solid-state electrochromic devices were assembled at room temperature on plastic and on paper substrates, without sintering the printed films, showing, in some cases, excellent contrast between the on and off state. The tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide devices were then tested through spectroelectrochemistry by Visible/NIR absorption spectroscopy. Tungsten oxide showed a dual spectroscopic response depending on the applied voltage and vanadium oxide presented several redox steps, which give rise to a variety of color transitions, also as a function of the applied voltage. Color space analysis was used to characterize the electrochromic transitions; monitorization of the color contrast and cycling tests, as well as techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, were also used to characterize device performance.
Shen, Jue. "Interactive RFID for Industrial and Healthcare Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell och Medicinsk Elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174380.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20151012
Nemani, Srinivasa Kartik. "Developing Engineered Thin Films for Applications in Organic Electronic and Photonic Devices." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo154470406813256.
Повний текст джерелаValyukh, Iryna. "Optical Characterization and Optimization of Display Components Some Applications to Liquid-Crystal-Based and Electrochromics-Based Devices /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-107429.
Повний текст джерелаGIRON, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Couches minces d'hydroxyde de nickel et d'oxydes mixtes nickel/lithium et nickel/sodium. Application aux systemes electrochromes." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066373.
Повний текст джерелаGunbas, Gorkem E. "Novel Donor-acceptor Type Polymers Towards Excellent Neutral State Green Polymeric Materials For Realization Of Rgb Based Electrochromic Device Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609002/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMarque, Pascal. "Proprietes spectroelectrochimiques des couches minces de polythiophenes : application electrochromique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066396.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Shih-ming, and 陳仕銘. "Application of conducting polymers and nanocomposites in electrochromic devices." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23470287237697942051.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄大學
化學工程及材料工程學系碩士班
102
Nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates to fabricate NDG-TiO2 nanocomposite electrodes. 3-methylthiophene (3MT) was electrochemically deposited on the NDG-TiO2 films to form poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT/NDG/TiO2) composite electrochromic electrodes. The introduction of NDG and TiO2 mesoporous films significantly increased the initial maximum optical contrast (ΔT%) to 70 % as compared 41 % of pure ITO electrodes, whereas the P3MT/NDG/TiO2 composite electrodes enhanced the adhesion of P3MT polymers to the NDG/TiO2/ITO substrate, thereby increasing the long-term stability of the corresponding electrochromic devices. After the stability test of 100 cycles, experimental results reveal that P3MT/NDG/TiO2 composite electrodes retained up to 90 % of ΔT%, relative to 70 % remaining ΔT% of pure ITO electrodes. This illustrates the enhanced long-term stability achieved through the introduction of a NDG-TiO2 nanocomposite films in electrochromic devices, and shown that conductive polymer/NDG/TiO2 composite electrodes are well suited to electrochromic devices for the promotion of performance and stability. In comparision to previous part, TiO2 nanoparticle was combined with 2,5-dimethoxyaniline (DMA) and 3-trimethoxysilanyl-propyl-N- aniline (TMSPA) in 1 M HCl aqueous solution for different feed ratios of TMSPA, then deposited P(TMSPA-co-DMA)-TiO2 film on ITO glass using cyclic voltammetry and used as an electrode in an electrochromic. The optical contrast (∆T%) and long-term stability of the device were determined by in-situ UV-visible spectrochronoamperometric studies. Experimental results reveal the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticle enhanced the adhesion of P(TMSPA-co-DMA) copolymer as compared a bare ITO substrate also we found that this system can inhibit the association/condensation effect of TMSPA network on ITO substrate during electrochemical copolymerization. This system speeds up the deposition rate of P(TMSPA-co-DMA) copolymer on the ITO substrate and enhanced long-term stability of P(TMSPA-co-DMA) electrochromic device.
Hu, Ding Yih, and 胡定毅. "Synthesis and Application Studies on Electrochromic Dye-Lutetium Diphthalocyanine." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39073415344509000474.
Повний текст джерелаChia-Ching, Liao, and 廖家慶. "The Study of Molybdenum Oxide Nanowires Growth and Application on Electrochromic Device." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97225386278136472630.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Yu-Lin, and 陳玉麟. "Application of novel materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Electrochromic Devices." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90949340786241304525.
Повний текст джерела國立東華大學
光電工程學系
104
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a low-cost thin-film solar cell. Because it can be fabricated using inexpensive materials, does not need to make with a fine instrument, and can generate electricity under a weak light source, many research teams have involved in the dye-sensitized solar cell research. Electrochromic phenomenon means that under the effect of electric field or electric current, the optical properties of materials such as transmittance, reflectance, and absorption may present a stable and reversible change in the visible wavelength range. The advantage of an electrochromic device is its changable and reversible color and transparency. Electrochromic devices can be used as passive display elements (also commonly known as electrochromic display elements). In recent years, many research teams put their efforts into the research of electrochromic smart windows. There are three parts in this study. First, gel-based electrolytes were produced by mixing PMMA with a liquid-based electrolyte to reduce electrolyte evaporation and leakage, thus extending the life of DSSC devices. By adding lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide and camphorsulfonic acid into gel-based electrolytes, this study successfully enhanced the conductivity of gel-based electrolytes, further increasing the power conversion efficiency of gel-based DSSCs. The properties of the DSSCs were analyzed by J–V, IPCE, electrochemical impedance, and stability measurements. Second, this study investigated the fabrication technologies and the material properties of the solid-state electrochromic devices. WO3 thin films, NiO thin films, and gel-state electrolyte were prepared and used to fabricate solid-state electrochromic devices. The opticl properties of the electrochromic devices were analyzed. Fhird, novel organic dyes were investigated for DSSC. The J-V curves, IPCE curves, and the EIS of device performance parameters of DSSCs based on these novel organic dyes were analyzed.
Wu, Jung-Tsu, and 吳榮祖. "Synthesis and Application in Electrochromic DevicesDerived from Novel Multi-Arylamine Based Materials." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vtgzpp.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
高分子科學與工程學研究所
105
This study has been separated into five chapters. Chapter 1 is the general introduction. Chapter 2 includes the synthesis of electrochromic materials (ECMs) and fabrication of high contrast electrochromic devices (ECDs). Chapter 3 includes five novel polyethers and their basic electrochromic properties. Chapter 4 includes two novel materials derived from the materials in chapter 2, TPPA and TPB and their basic electrochromic materials. The fabrication, basic characterization, electrochromic properties of a novel ECD was investigated and improved. The ECD combined three different kinds of ECMs, TPPA, TPB and HV. By introducing HV as an efficient charge trapping layer, the working voltage could be greatly reduced and the performance of overall system was also enhanced. The ECD without electrolyte exhibits ultra-high contrast from bleached state with transmittance in visible region up to 76% to colored state with transmittance only 1% both in visible region. High ΔL* (86) and ΔT (75% at visible light region) could be achieved by the colorless ECD. Thus, it could be claimed to be a truly “transparent-to-black” ECD, implying high potential of application as shutter for transparent displays and energy saving devices. In the next part, all the polyether films cast onto an indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate exhibited similar oxidation potential and the film also exhibited multi-color at different oxidation state and good reversibility. In the last part, two novel materials exhibited a lower working potential for the first and second oxidation states while the absorption area in the visible light region is broader the origin materials which may lead to better materials for the full absorption electrochromic device.
I-FanWang and 王逸帆. "Preparation of Titania Nanotube Arrays by Anodization and their Application in Electrochromic Device." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59133864127170762994.
Повний текст джерелаHsiao, Chun-Lung, and 蕭俊龍. "Tungsten Oxide Films Prepared by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering for Flexible Electrochromic Application." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n2h342.
Повний текст джерела國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
96
In this study, the tungsten oxide films were deposited on PET/ITO(polyethylene terephthalate / indium tin oxide ; 30Ω/sq.)substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. The electrochromic properties of WO3 thin films were analyzed in a three-electrode cell with a mixture of 1 M LiClO4 and propylene carbonate solution as an electrolyte. The results indicated that the WO3 crystal structure was amorphous at the oxygen flow rate from 5~10 sccm. The optimum condition for electrochromic occurs at the oxygen flow rate of 7sccm. The transmittance difference at 550 nm wavelength (ΔT550 nm) was 64.1% between colored and bleached states, and takes about 51 seconds. The coloration efficiency of the film is 17.65 cm2/C. The reproducibility and the transmission of colored and bleached state were not affected after 300 cycles. Using the AC impedance spectroscopy determined the resistivity variation of WO3 films as a function of frequency from 100 kHz to 1 Hz. The resistivity variation relates with the Li+ ion and electron transport characters at the TCE/WO3 interface. The surface roughness of WO3 films was observed by AFM and concluded a strong effect on the electrochromic properties.
Santos, Lídia Sofia Leitão. "Engineering of metal oxide nanoparticles for application in electrochemical devices." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15429.
Повний текст джерелаFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia(FCT) - (SFRH/BD/73810/2010)
Li, Wen-Bin, and 李文斌. "Study of poly(methyl methacrylate)-based polymer electrolyte and its application to electrochromic device." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56145877850971667740.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系博碩士班
101
Blended polymer electrolytes with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are prepared with various propylene carbonate (PC) plasticizer concentrations and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) ratio by the solution-casting technique. Fourier transform infrared studies show the evidence of the complexation between PMMA, LiClO4, and PC. The composite polymer electrolytes show good thermal property, which are confirmed by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). LiClO4 is added to the PMMA–PC blend polymer electrolytes as Li-salt to enhance the conductivity, and the highest conductivity obtained is 5×10−4 S/cm at 30 ℃. Electrochromic device is reported by using polyaniline (PANI) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) as coloring electrodes and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT-PSS) as complementary electrodes, and PMMA-based electrolyte as gel electrolyte. Characterizations of the PANI-PSS are performed using Fourier tramsform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XRD), cyclic voltammetric(CV), and UV–vis spectroscopy(UV-vis). The maximim color change of electrochromic device is 41% from pale yellow(−0.5 V) to dark blue (+2.5 V). The improvement of optical properties, such as coloration efficiency and stability on the basis of electrochromic device (PANI doped with PSS and PEDOT-PSS).
Wu, Cheng Hung, and 吳政鴻. "WO3-Nb2O5 Composite Films Application On Fabrication Of High Contrast Reflection-Type Electrochromic Device." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58072182846945353270.
Повний текст джерела國立聯合大學
光電工程學系碩士班
103
Electrochromism is the phenomenon displayed by some materials of reversibly changing color while a burst of charge is applied. Various types of materials and structures can be used to construct electrochromic devices, depending on the specific applications. The electro-chromatic devices are promising in the application of electronic paper display because they can be operated on low voltage either in the transmission or reflection mode. However, low contrast ratio of the electrochromic display, short life time, poor environmental stability and immature device fabrication process are key drawbacks of the electrochromic devices application; therefore, we attempt to treat the problems mentioned above to improve the performance of electrochromic devices. In this study, the each film of electrochromic device was deposited by fast-alternative bipolar-pulsed magnetron sputtering system. The colored films of WO3-Nb2O5 composite films are deposited by different sputtering powers of the Niobium target and the stationary sputtering powers of the Tungsten. These films mentioned above were measured by visible near-infrared spectrometry and ellipseometer. Moreover, the change of the molecular bond at reversibility and duration was examined by the Raman spectroscopy. The results showed the most obvious changes in the optical constant and the extinction coefficient of the composite WO3-Nb2O5 film was observed while the power of 250 watts at Tungsten and the power of 350 watts at Niobium target. Finally, we use the known refractive index and absorption coefficient of layers of electrochromic device and the concept of the optical multilayer film to design electrochromic reflective device which can be achieved nearly zero reflectance of electrochromic device in colored state. The difference of average reflectance reached 34% in bleached/ colored state to raise contrast ration of reflective display to 25.
Tseng, Chen-Ya, and 曾晨雅. "On the Electro-Optical Properties of PDMICA Thin Film and Its Application to Electrochromic Devices." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99455076794488032149.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
100
In this research, the main objective is to analyze the electrochemical properties of a novel conducting polymer, poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA), and its electrochromic device assembled with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). In the first part (Chapter 4), the transport phenomena of anions, cations, and water molecules through the film of PDMICA was studied in the electrolytes of LiTFSI, LiNO3, LiI, and NaNO3, by means of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), intending to throw more light on its electrochromic behavior. Cations do not affect the ion transport, but anions play an important role during the reduction and oxidation of the film. The molar fluxes of anions and water molecules in the film of PDMICA were estimated for LiTFSI and LiNO3. Besides, the number of accompanying water molecules with TFSI- and NO3-, during the redox switching of PDMICA in LiTFSI and LiNO3 were calculated to be 14.7 and 3.4 per TFSI- and NO3-, respectively. In the second part (Chapter 4 and Chapter 5), PDMICA is prepared by electro-polymerization and investigated using in situ spectro-electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammertry (CV) and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. A significant change from transparent (-0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl) to green (0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and a reversible electrochromic behavior of PDMICA film are observed when the film is performed in an aqueous solution consisting of 0.1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 1.0 mM hydrochloric acid (HCl). The maximum transmittance change (∆T) and the coloration efficiency (η) of PDMICA film are 15% and 73 cm2/C, respectively, at 520 nm. The PDMICA thin film and a thin film of PEDOT are chosen as an anode and a cathode, respectively, in a complementary manner to form a film-type electrochromic device (ECD). A remarkable absorbance attenuation of this ECD is observed in the visible region. The maximum ∆T of the ECD gives a value of 39% (@583 nm) when the applied potential for the device is switched between -0.5 and 1.0 V (PDMICA vs. PEDOT); the η of this ECD is estimated to be 372 cm2/C at 583 nm.
HUANG, SHENG-WEI, and 黃聖瑋. "Electrosynthesis of copolymers from carbazole derivatives and dithiophene derivatives and their application in electrochromic devices." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ggmbse.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
107
Homopolymer (poly(3,6-di(2-thienyl)carbazole)) (P(DTC)) and copolymers (P(DTC-co-BTP), P(DTC-co-BTP2), P(DTC-co-TF), and P(DTC-co-TF2)) were synthesized electrochemically. P(DTC-co-TF) film displayed light yellow at 0.0 V, yellow at 0.4 V, grey-yellow at 0.8 V, and dark grey at 1.2 V in 0.2 M LiClO4/ACN solution. The anodic copolymer P(DTC-co-TF) with DTC/TF = 1/1 feed molar ratio showed high optical contrast (ΔT%) and coloring efficiency (η), measured as 67.3% and 161.6 cm2 C−1 at 870 nm, respectively. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) were constructed using P(DTC), P(DTC-co-BTP), P(DTC-co-BTP2), P(DTC-co-TF), or P(DTC-co-TF2) films as anodic layer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) as cathodic layer, and hybrid polymer electrolytes as gel electrolytes. The spectroelectrochemical properties of five devices were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. P(DTC-co-TF)/PEDOT-PSS ECD showed yellow at -0.5 V, grey-yellow at 0.0 V, dark purple at 0.8 V, and blue at 2.0 V. Moreover, P(DTC-co-TF)/PEDOT-PSS ECD presented high ΔT (43.4%) and high coloration efficiency (496.0 cm2 C−1) at 627 nm. Five ECDs had satisfactory optical memory and redox stability. One homopolymer (poly(9,9’-(5-bromo-1,3-phenylene)bis(9H-carbazole))) (P(BPC)) and three copolymers P(BPC-co-BTP), P(BPC-co-CPDT), and P(BPC-co-CPDTK) were electrochemical polymerized on ITO electrode. Electrochemical and electrochromic properties of P(BPC), P(BPC-co-BTP), P(BPC-co-CPDT), and P(BPC-co-CPDTK) films were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy. Spectroelectrochemical properties of polymer films revealed that P(BPC-co-BTP) film is yellow in the reduced state, green in the intermediate state, and blue in highly oxidized state. P(BPC-co-BTP) anodic copolymer showed high optical contrast (ΔT%), and it was measured as 44.5% at 1030 nm. ECDs were fabricated using P(BPC), P(BPC-co-BTP), P(BPC-co-CPDT), and P(BPC-co-CPDTK) as anodic polymer layers, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as complementary electrodes, and hybrid polymer electrolytes as gel electrolytes. P(BPC-co-BTP)/PEDOT ECD showed light yellow at 0.0 V, yellowish blue at 0.8 V, and blue at 1.8 V. P(BPC-co-BTP)/PEDOT ECD showed high ∆T (36.2%) at 625 nm, and high coloration efficiency (418.3 cm2 C−1) at 625 nm. Moreover, four ECDs had satisfactory optical memory and redox stability.
Wei-TingWu and 吳偉庭. "Synthesis of tungsten oxide and its application to electrochromic devices and nonvolatile resistance random access memories." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04331482264745497744.
Повний текст джерелаSu, Yuan-tsen, and 蘇元岑. "Synthesis of triphenylamine-styrene-based dyes and its application in sensitized solar cells and electrochromic devices." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43377652422616115364.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄大學
化學工程及材料工程學系碩士班
102
Linking organic dye small molecules are synthesized by linking triphenylamine with styrene structure. Four different methods were employed to synthesize:the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction to link one and two aldehyde groups respectively, the Mizoroki-Heck reaction to link 4-bromobenzaldehyde regarding as a bridge, and the nucleophilic addition and dehydration between the aldehyde groups on TSC1, TSC2, and the methylene of rhodanine-3-acetic acid or 2-isocyanoacetic acid individually by using the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The above two dyes(STPACA and STPAR) are anchored on the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via the carboxylic acid of dyes by using the self-assembly method. An integration of dye-sensitized solar cells and electrochromic devices was fabricated and subjected to measure the performance of these integrated devices.
Wu, You-rong, and 吳囿蓉. "Investigation of Nickel Oxide Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering for the Application of Solid State Electrochromic Devices." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64418617397625014861.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
95
Electrochromic materials are being studied for applications involving solar radiation modulation. Thin-film nonstoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOX) is an intercalation electrode with unique electrochemical and optical properties which can be successfully used for improved electrochromic windows. However, the intercalation process of lithium and the application of all solid state devices are not yet fully understood. In this paper, nonstoichiometric nickel oxide thin films were deposited by D.C. magnetron reactive sputtering in various O2 atmospheres (the flow rate range is 3~50sccm). The electrochromic properties of NiOX thin films were brought out using a three-electrode cell system with a 0.1M solution of lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate. The optical properties, composition and microstructure of NiOX thin films with various O2 flow rate were be determined by UV-visible spectrometer, XPS, X-ray diffraction, and SEM. As the result, all of the films deposited under various O2 flow rate were nonstoichiometric nickel oxide and with Ni+2 and Ni+3. Due to the number of interstitial oxygen atom and Ni3+ increased, the films transmittance decreased with increasing O2 flow rate. The microstructure of the films deposited at 5~50sccm O2 flow rate had NiO (111) preferred orientation which was the most suitable direction for electrochromic properties. They can be found the surface morphology showed the presence of tetrahedral islands structure. At the double intercalation process between lithium ion and electron, the NiOX thin film exited an optimum value of O2 flow rate. When the O2 flow rate was 5sccm the NiOX thin film had a largest transmittance change about 38.8%, and the transmittance of bleach state and color state was 72.5% and 33.7%. The NiOX thin film which had the best electrochromic properties was used as a counter electrochromic layer on the solid electrochromic device with electrochromic layer WO3-y and electrolyte Ta2O5. Then the solid electrochromic device was also studied about its electrochromic properties. As the result, the transmittance change of the device reached 52% when the applied voltage were -4V and 2.2V, and the device had a wider adsorption wavelength range than single layer half device of NiO or WO3. The only fly in the ointment was the poor electric insulation of Ta2O5 thin film resulted in reducing the device memory effect. Therefore, the device memory effect will need to improve further.
Ching-LinWu and 吳京霖. "Synthesis of Electrochromic Tungsten Oxide Nanostructured Films by Sol-gel Method and its Application to Thermal Shielding." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35288905008657137909.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系
102
Electrochromic device have the ability to change the transmittance to block the solar radiation by controlling the applied voltage and have the application for energy-saving windows. State-of-the art, the challenges of the device are nanostructured electrodes and large-scale fabricating. In this research, porous tungsten oxide is synthesized by the surfactant-assisted sol-gel method. Porous structure, crystallinity, and composition can be modified by the concentration of surfactant, annealing temperature, and curing condition. The effects of different morphology and structure are studied by chronoampermetry and cyclic voltammetry. Transmittance modulation and coloration efficiencies are 67.6 % and ~60 cm2C-1. It needs less than 10 s to switch from colored state to beach state. All solid electrochromic devices are fabricated by all-solution method. Thermal shielding ability is measured by UV-Vis-IR spectroscopy and illuminating meter. Visible light transmittances and solar heat transmittances are 55.2/35.9 % and 38.2/20.1 % in colored/bleach state respectively. The transmitted illumination can be modulated from 36 % to 16 %. The transmittance in visible light region is higher than 50 % and the ability of blocking infrared is enough to use as energy-saving smart window.
Guo, Yeping [Verfasser]. "Nanocrystalline sol gel Nb2O5 coatings : preparation, characterisation and application to photovoltaic cell, lithium battery and electrochromic device / von Yeping Guo." 2007. http://d-nb.info/983137501/34.
Повний текст джерелаLu, Hsing-Yi, and 呂幸宜. "Electrochemical Synthesis and Electrochromic Application of Polymers from Triphenylamine or Bis(triphenylamine) Derivatives with Triphenylamine or N-Phenylcarbazole End-Cappers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cpys2f.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
化學工程研究所
105
Four electropolymerizable monomers, namely 4,4’-bis(4-diphenylamino- benzamido)-4’’-methoxytriphenylamine [MeOTPA-(TPA)2], 4,4’-bis[4-(carbazol-9- yl)benzamido)-4’’-methoxytriphenylamine [MeOTPA-(NPC)2], bis{N-[4-(4- diphenylaminobenzamido)phenyl]-N’-(4-methoxyphenyl)}-1,4-phenylenediamine [(MeO)2TPPA-(TPA)2] and bis{N-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylbenzamido)phenyl]-N’-(4- methoxyphenyl)}-1,4-phenylenediamine [(MeO)2TPPA-(NPC)2], were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical polymerization reactions of these MeOTPA-cored and (MeO)2TPPA-cored monomers over indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode allow the generation of electroactiive polymeric films. The electro-generated polymer films exhibited reversible redox processes and multi-colored electrochromic behaviors upon electro-oxidation. The electrochromic films possess high coloration efficiency and good cycling stability. Single-layer electrochromic devices using the electrodeposited polymer films as active layers were fabricated and tested as preliminary investigation for their electrochromic applications.
HUANG, MING-WEI, and 黃明維. "Synthesis of Copolymers Based on 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-Biphenyl and Indole-6-Carboxylic Acid for Application of Electrochromic Device." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46g48n.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系博碩士班
104
Two homopolymers (poly(4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl) (PCBP) and poly(indole-6-carboxylic acid) (PI6CA)) and three copolymers (P(CBP1-co-I6CA1), P(CBP1-co-I6CA2), and P(CBP1-co-I6CA4)) with various CBP/I6CA feed molar ratios are electrochemical polymerized on ITO electrode. The P(CBP1-co-I6CA2) can change between yellow in the reduced state and greyish black in the oxidized state. The optical contrast (Tmax, 32.2 %) of P(CBP1-co-I6CA2) film at 767 nm is higher than that of PI6CA at 724 nm (19.3 %). Five dual-type electrochromic devices (ECDs) are fabricated using the CBP- and I6CA-based polymers as coloring layers, and poly(3,4-(2,2-diethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (P(ProDOT-Et2)) as the complementary layer with hybrid polymer electrolytes as gel electrolytes. The ECD fabricated using anodic copolymer P(CBP1-co-I6CA2) with a CBP/I6CA feed molar ratio of 1/2 has the highest optical contrast (41.0%) and coloration efficiency (249.27 cm2 C-1) at 587 nm. In addition, this ECD has satisfactory optical memory effect and long-term cycling stability.
Tsao, Wei-Lun, and 曹瑋倫. "Utilizing Suzuki Coupling Reaction in the Synthesis of Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers, Their Electrochemical Properties and Application in Electrochromic Devices." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45z7ar.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
105
In my study, we use Suzuki coupling reaction to forming a series of triphenylamine-based monomers that have sulfonate segment in the side chain. Due to the sulfonate segment inside, we can add surfactant in solution to let molecules become nanomicelles. The other is triphenylamine group can be polymerized by electropolymerization and so we use this method to obtain conducting microporous polymer films with nano-sized. Because the films have electrochromic properties, we use it to black electrochromic device, which is rarely reported so far.
Wu, Yurun, and 吳侑潤. "Study Of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell And Electrochromic Deviced Application Of TiO2 Doped ZnO Films By Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Deposition System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13023515024031069663.
Повний текст джерела義守大學
材料科學與工程學系
100
The purpose of this work is to use a self-developed low temperature atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma system with quartz glass- and metal- plasma electrodes to deposit titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with zinc oxide (ZnO) film on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass as dye-sensitized solar cell of the photo-anodes. N719 dyes as well as the iodine ions electrolyte were served as the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) components, and the DSSC devices were analyzed by I-V meters to determine the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Simultaneously, the films electrochromic properties were studied by the cyclic voltammetry. In the deposition process, it was revealed that the variations of air-compressor pressures and plasma wattages would result in the effective reduction in the films thickness and morphologies. In the deposition of TiO2 doped with ZnO films processes, it was found the film thicknesses increased and porosities decreased as the zinc oxide doping increased. However, the un-doped TiO2 films revealed porous morphologies, and resulted in more dyes absorption and higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Under the plasma wattage of 286W with the deposition times of 3 min and 5.5 min, the photovoltaic conversion efficiencies could reach to 2.711% and 4.455%, respectively. The best photovoltaic conversion efficiency could reach to 6.44% by using FTO substrate to replace ITO substrate under the same optimized process parameters. The electrochromic experimental results indicated that the TiO2 films possessed reasonable colouring and bleaching characteristics for the precursor flow rate of 75sccm, the plasma wattage of 154W and the deposition time of 30sec, with argon and oxygen flow rates of 7slm and 200sccm, respectively.
Sibuyi, Praise. "Nano-rods woâ- δ for electrochromic smart windows applications." Thesis, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1153_1194339960.
Повний текст джерелаTungsten oxide is a good electrochromic material which has been used in the construction of smart windows through visible modulation. These smart materials can reversibly change their optical properties with the application of an external voltage. Their ability to lighten and darken on command is ideally suited for energy-efficiency windows. The process itself or the overall reaction should respond in seconds and as quick as possible. The goal of this project was to prepare epitaxial well defined tungsten oxide nanorods by the thermal evaporation technique.