Дисертації з теми "Electricity technology"
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Liu, Ruogu. "P2P Electricity transaction between DERs by Blockchain Technology." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254907.
Повний текст джерелаMantel, Jessica Kirsten. "Investigating the potential for a user-driven electricity monitoring application to provide useful electricity consumption patterns." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25360.
Повний текст джерелаHeuberger, Clara Franziska. "Electricity system modelling for optimal planning and technology valuation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/60646.
Повний текст джерелаJansson, Peter Mark. "An empirical approach to invention and technology innovation in electricity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619782.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Stephen James S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Adaptive electricity access planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117878.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-149).
About 1.1 billion people worldwide lack access to electricity and an additional 1 billion have unreliable access. The social ramifications of this problem are noteworthy because access to electric power has the potential to transform societies. While admirable efforts are underway, there is general consensus that progress is falling far short of what is needed to reach international electricity access goals. In light of such deficiencies, it is arguable that systems-level experimentation and innovation is required if we are to achieve universal electricity access in the next one to two decades. With the advancement of technology, new opportunities are emerging that can potentially change the game. Machine learning methods and detailed technoeconomic models for planning comprise one set of technologies that hold significant promise for accelerating access. This thesis builds upon recent work towards the development of more intelligent decision support systems for electrification planning. Progress towards automated and scalable software systems for the extraction of building footprints from satellite imagery are presented. In addition, a novel model for probabilistic data fusion and other machine learning methods are compared for electrification status estimation. Inference tools such as these allow for the cost-effective provision of granular data required by techno-economic models. We also acknowledge that the technologies we detail should not be developed in a vacuum. Given that electrification is a complex endeavor involving numerous social and technical factors, careful consideration must be given to human, policy, and regulatory concerns during the planning process. We notice how uncertainty abounds in these activities and propose "adaptive electricity access planning" as a new model-assisted framework for the explicit consideration of uncertainty in large-scale planning. This work aspires to provide valuable perspective on the importance of uncertainty in planning as these endeavors continue to evolve.
by Stephen James Lee.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
Jędrzejewski, Piotr. "Modelling the European High-voltage electricity transmission." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284152.
Повний текст джерелаDetta examensarbetebeskriver modellering av Europas gränsöverskridande elektriska transmissionsnät. Under detta arbete utvecklades en utvidgning av Open Source Energy Model Base för Europeiska unionen (OSeMBE) för implementering av sammankopplingar med den redan existerande modellen. Modellen är byggd med hjälp av Open Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS). Syftet med modellen är att hitta en kostnadseffektiv form av Europas elsystem under modelleringsperioden 2015 till 2050. Modellen användes för att validera planer för utveckling av sammankoppling för elnätet, definierade av Europeiska unionen i listan över projekt av gemensamt intresse. Under denna avhandling modellerades fyra scenarier för det europeiska elsystemets framtida utveckling. Målet för scenarierna var att analysera för vilka gränser en ny sammankopplingskapacitet skulle vara till nytta, samt att testa påverkan av samtrafikutvecklingen på hela elsystemet, särskilt produktionskapacitet och koldioxidutsläpp. Därefter analyserades flödena av elektricitet vid varje gräns, och för att förenkla analysen delades området upp i fyra regioner. Regionerna är uppdelade i enlighet med de fyra prioriterade korridorerna för elektricitet, definierade i Transeuropeiska Nät för Energi (TEN-E). Det huvudsakligaresultatet i scenariot som optimerade kapaciteten för sammankopplingarna i Europa var att endast 16% av den kapacitet som planerades som PCI behöver byggas. De flesta av dessa kapaciteter bör utvecklas i norra Europa, särskilt vid havsgränserna Tyskland-Norge, Storbritannien-Norge, Polen-Litauen, men också Finland-Sverige och Danmark-Tyskland. Även användningsfaktorer för samtrafikledningarna analyserades i arbetet.
Nallatamby, Christian. "Forecasts with uncertainties for calculating electricity reserves." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284666.
Повний текст джерелаUtvecklingen av förnybara energikällor innebär stora förändrar i elsystemet. Reservkraft är en del av detta system eftersom det behövs för att säkra balansen, och planeringen av nödvändiga reserver påverkas av denna nya trend. Reservkraftsdimensioneringen blir viktigare med tiden, eftersom en optimal dimensionering kan spara betydande resurser för elsystemet. Således presenterar denna studie en metod som kan användas av transmissionssystemoperatörer (TSO) för att bestämma den nödvändiga mängden elkraftsreserver. Ett anpassat tillvägagångssätt används härmed som gör det möjligt att beräkna elkraftsmarginalen som krävs vid alla tidpunkter på dygnet inom ett elnätverk. Drivrutiner för typiska obalanser såsom förnybara produktionsprognosfel, belastningsprognosfel och avbrott vid kraftverk analyseras för att bestämma sannolikhetsdensitetsfunktionen. Denna process undersöker nyckelvariabler för prognosfel och inkluderar statistik över elproduktionens avbrott och förseningar. Slutligen summeras dessa drivrutiner för att få en universell sannolikhetsdensitetsfunktion, som kan beräkna den erfordrade reservmarginalen med ett jämnt kriterium för prognostiserad säkerhet som TSO:er och tillsynsmyndigheter skulle välja som en styrande faktor i deras operativa strategi.
Lecordier, Alice. "Analysis of imbalance settlement designs in electricity systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253015.
Повний текст джерелаI denna rapport analyseras effektiviteten och effekterna av olika prissätt-ningssystem för obalanser på elmarknaden. Arbetet har utförts kopplat till ett pågående forskningsprojekt på EDF (Electricit´e de France) om elbalansering och bygger på en simuleringsmodell SiSTEM som utvecklats av EDF och universitetet i Liege. Analysen fokuserar på konsekvenserna av prissättningen för obalanser på marknadsaktörer och nätoperatören. Intäkterna för marknadsaktörerna och nätoperatören analyseras samt hur prissättningen påverkar marknadsaktörernas beteende. När marknadsaktörerna tillåts vara i obalans istället för att balansera sig internt ökar volymen av obalanser och interaktionerna mellan kraftföretag och nätoperatören. Detta leder till en ökning av den sammanlagda systemnyttan. När prissättningen förändras genom att ta bort straff-faktorn som beskrivs i delen om prissättningen för obalanser ökar aktörernas kost-nader för obalanser.Ä ven förändrad prissättning från genomsnittskost-nad till marginalkostnad för avropad reglerkraft ökar aktörernas kostnad för obalanser. Eftersom aktörerna anpassar sitt beteende till att ta hänsyn till obalanser, dvs. de har medvetet obalanser på grund av sina förväntningar om systemets obalanser, ökar deras kostnader för obalanser, då de optimerar sin egen portfölj utan att ta hänsyn till andraaktörer.
Stirling, Andrew. "Power technology choice : putting the money where the mouth is?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240558.
Повний текст джерелаGadzanku, Sika. "Evaluating electricity generation expansion planning in Ghana." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122096.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 157-166).
Ghana, a West African nation of 28 million people, provides an interesting case study on the interaction between power supply and politics in emerging economies. From 2012-2016, due to security of supply issues around hydro and fuel supplies, Ghana experienced the worst power crisis in its history with regular rolling blackouts. Rural and low-income urban areas and businesses were especially affected, and public discontent was palpable. The government's response was a reactive approach to generation expansion planning, focused on increasing supply. Power generation was opened up to the private sector and emergency power plants were procured. 93 percent of capacity installed during this post-crisis period was thermal generation, which increased dependence on natural gas and crude oil. Overall, this power crisis highlighted the cost of overlooking reliability and an undiversified generation mix.
I adapted a modeling framework to study Ghana's power generation system and I use a bottom-up capacity expansion and economic dispatch model to explore generation expansion pathways in the country under different settings, with the goal of providing insights into Ghana's capacity expansion decisions and identifying strategies that can help ensure better reliability and resiliency. Secondly, I use qualitative methods to evaluate Ghana's electricity infrastructure project financing framework to discuss how project financing shapes technology choices. I then explore potential policy and legal instruments that could support more robust systems planning in Ghana's electricity generation sector. Results reveal that a future power crisis is very likely given the high sensitivity of system reliability and resilience to natural gas and crude oil supply, global energy prices and transmission constraints.
Strategies that could help avoid a future crisis include diversifying the generation mix, adding flexible generation (such as pumped hydro) to the mix, increasing transmission, and increasing the stability of fuel supply. This requires a holistic and coordinated approach to electricity planning between financial, technical, technological and political actors in the power generation sector.
by Sika Gadzanku.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
Gupta, Saroj. "Impact of SystemVision on the learning of electricity concepts /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421620461&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-144). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Lewis, Richard Peter. "Smart electricity metering : hardware development and socioeconomic aspects." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678602.
Повний текст джерелаRisquez, Martin Arnau. "Modelling of bidding strategies on the day-ahead electricity market." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266113.
Повний текст джерелаDet har skett och pågår fortfarande en stor utbyggnad av elproduktion från kontinuerligtvarierande förnybara energikällor. På grund av prognososäkerheten i dessa kraftverksproduktion måste andra förnybara kraftverk eller fossileldade kraftverk tillhandahållaflexibilitet i högre utsträckning än tidigare. I Tyskland, som är ett av de länder som har detstörsta inslaget av varierande elproduktion, har andelen förnybar elproduktion ökat från14,6% 2012 till 29,2% 2018. Detta har medfört att fossileldade kraftverk måste startas ochstoppas oftare, vilket ökar kostaderna.Det här arbetet ingår i ett projekt för att förbättra den agent-baserade simuleringsmodellenAMIRIS från DLR Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics of Stuttgart. Arbetet bidrar tillatt inkludera kostnader för start och stopp i elproducenters budgivning genom att skapa nyabudstrategier i AMIRIS. Dessa strategier är utformade med det allmänna målet att maximeraelproducentens vinst.De nya budstrategierna implementeras först i en simulering i Python innan de introduceras iden agent-baserade simuleringsmiljön. Resultaten från båda simuleringarna presenteras i denhär rapporten och noggranna jämförelser görs mellan budgivning med dessa nya strategieroch budgivning baserad på kortsiktig marginalkostnad.Då dessa nya strategier tillämpades på en mycket liten andel av kraftverken i AMIRIS såförblev elpriserna mer eller mindre identiska, och de nya strategierna gav en högre vinst än dåelproducenten bjöd utifrån kortsiktig marginalkostnad. Å andra sidan, då alla producenteranvände de nya strategierna, så påverkades elpriserna kraftigt på grund av att samspeletmellan aktörernas bud och inverkan på elpriset inte hade beaktats tillräckligt.
Nilsson, Frida. "Renewable electricity for transition towards emission-free Gothenburg by 2030." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235505.
Повний текст джерелаElektriska fordon är på frammarsch kommer med stor sannolikhet transformera den existerande transportsektorninom de följande åren. Sverige har beslutat sig att till 2030 att bli oberoende från fossila bränslen i transportsektorn. Elektricitet är det bränsle som är mest lovande att nå detta mål samt minska de utsläpp som bidrar till klimatförändringarna. Detta examensarbete analyserar Göteborgs kommun för att se hur mycket elektricitet som skulle krävas för att transformera transportsektorn till mer elektrisk till år 2030. Tre scenarion är analyserade beroende på elektrifieringstakt och trafiksituation. Ett av scenarierna som medför en 100% elektrifieringsgrad av transportsektorn kommer att analyseras vidare för att se hur mycket förnybar elektricitetsgenerering som skulle krävas för att täcka detta behov. Först beräknas det nya elektrifieringsbehovet ut och det görs i samband med Sweco i anknytning till ett större projekt, PussEl. Göteborgs kommun besitter resurspotential för både vind och sol för attproducera den elektricitet som behövs för att täcka det nya behovet på 0.81 TWh årligen. Laddningen av elfordon förväntas ske under nattetid som den främsta laddstrategin. Av den anledningen kommer back-up elektricitetsgenerering eller lagringsmetoder vara till stor tyngd i design och planering av framtidens energysystem för att täcka laddningsbehovet under dagens alla timmar. Simuleringarna har visat möjlighet att täcka det nya elektricitetsbehovet med de lokala resurserna. Urbanisering, globalisering och elektrifiering kommer alla påverka det framtida elektricitetsbehovet. Göteborgs kommun har existerande planer på att utveckla den förnybara elproduktionen men det har visat sig att de lokala satta målen inte kommer vara tillräckliga att förse både den växande staden samt elektrifieringen av transportsektorn med elektricitet. Det har visat sig att energifrågan inte kommer vara det största bekymret för framtiden, däremot kommer utmaningen att vara hur man kan uppnå en säker och tillförlitlig effekttillförsel. Framtida arbeten med att påskynda processer, integrera förnybar elproduktion med batterier i elfordonen och i nätet kommer vara av stor tyngd.
Gyllenswärd, Mikael, and Mikaela Jerresand. "Electricity network tariff targeting EV chargers : A socio-economic analysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278881.
Повний текст джерелаDen framtida expansionen av eldrivna fordon kommer leda till en ökad laddinfrastruktur samt skapa problem för lokala elnätsföretag. Högre effekttoppar skulle kunna leda till ett överbelastat elnät vilket skulle kräva stora investeringar för elnätsföretagen för att klara av den ökade efterfrågan av effekt. Idag är investeringskostnaderna för laddstationer höga för ett väldigt osäkert business case, där 60 % av de årliga kostnaderna går till elnätsföretaget. Målsättningen för denna undersökning är att utforma en tariff riktad mot kunder som är intresserade av att investera i elbilsladdare. Tariffen ska göra det billigare att driva laddstationen både för stationsägaren och elnätsföretaget. Detta uppnås genom att som stationsägare ge samtycke till att elnätsföretaget får bryta elektriciteten till laddstationerna då elnätet är överbelastat, detta för att underlätta ett överbelastat elnät. För att identifiera styrkor och svagheter för den föreslagna tariffen från stationsägarnas perspektiv utfördes 20 intervjuer med elnätsföretag, laddstationsoperatörer och laddstationsägare. Fem nyckelfaktorer identifierades: Kundlojalitet, teknologiska hinder, administrativa problem, varumärkesprofil och kompensation. Stationsägarna önskade en prissänkning på 20-50 % för att använda tariffen. En undersökning för existerande kunder utfördes även för att se hur de påverkades av den föreslagna tariffen när de installerade laddstationer. Detta i syfte för att göra driften av laddstationerna billigare för dem. Data från 36 000 laddsessioner samlades ihop och användes för att hitta laddbeteende, effekttoppar, och kostnadsposter. Kostnadsposterna ändrades för att hitta en jämn prissänkning över alla säkringsstorlekar som gav en årlig prissänkning av 20-50 %. Den slutgiltliga rekommendationen till Nacka Energis AB’s potentiella framtida effekttariff, är att sänka den fasta avgiften med 40 %, behålla det rörliga priset på 0.05 SEK/kWh, behålla effektavgiften på 25 SEK/kWh och sätta rabatten till 2 SEK/kW. De villkor som måste uppfyllas av stationsägaren och elnätföretaget för att använda tariffen inkluderar: separat mätare och säkring för stationen, säkringen får ej överskrida 63 A, uppkopplingen får ej vara avstängd mer än 100 timmar per år, ej mer än 3 timmar i sträck och ej mer än en gång per dag, kunden får byta tariff en gång per år, och rabatten och effektavgiften baseras på den högsta effekttoppen i månaden. För att göra driften av laddstationer billigare för befintliga kunder utvärderades deras existerande villkor. Sammanfattningsvis sänktes den fasta avgiften med 100 % då de redan i sitt befintliga abonnemang betalar för de kostnader som motsvarar den fasta avgiften hos elnätsbolaget. Utan sänkningen av den fasta avgiften skulle det bli dyrare för dem att installera en laddstation.
Gustafsson, Vincent, and Matilda Olin. "The Electricity Market A broken system or an exciting opportunity?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217337.
Повний текст джерелаKashyap, Poonam. "Modelling least-cost technology and low carbon scenarios for Northern Ireland Electricity market." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603543.
Повний текст джерелаAugustine, Akhil. "COMPARISON OF SWEDISH AND INDIAN ELECTRICITY MARKET." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40434.
Повний текст джерелаOladeji, Olamide. "Network partitioning algorithms for electricity consumer clustering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122917.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2018
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-103).
In many developing countries, access to electricity remains a significant challenge. Electrification planners in these countries often have to make important decisions on the mode of electrification and the planning of electrical networks for those without access, while under resource constraints. To facilitate the achievement of universal energy access, the Reference Electrification Model (REM), a computational model capable of providing techno-economic analysis and data-driven decision support for these planning efforts, has been developed. Primary among REM's capabilities is the recommendation of the least-cost mode of electrification - i.e by electric grid extension or off-grid systems - for non-electrified consumers in a region under analysis, while considering technical, economic and environmental constraints.
This is achieved by the identification of consumer clusters (either as clusters of off-grid microgrids, stand-alone systems or grid-extension projects) using underlying clustering methods in the model. This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of partitioning algorithms to achieve this purpose. Building on previously implemented efforts on the clustering and recommendation capabilities of REM, this work presents the development, analysis and performance evaluation of alternative approaches to the consumer clustering process, in comparison with REM's previously incorporated clustering methodology. Results show that the alternative methodology proposed can compare favorably with the hitherto implemented method in REM. Consequently, the integration of the pro- posed network partitioning procedures within REM, as well as some potential future research directions, is discussed.
Finally, this thesis concludes with a discourse on the social and regulatory aspects of energy access and electricity planning in developing countries, providing some perspectives on the development policies and business models that complement the technological contributions of this work.
by Olamide Oladeji.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Amiri, Nasim. "Examination of LEED Certified Building’s Electricity Usage." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2034.
Повний текст джерелаÖzden-Schilling, Canay. "Economy electric : techno-economics, neoliberalism, and electricity in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104559.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 263-285).
This dissertation is a study of emergent economic forms of life. It investigates recent remakings of economic existence and modes of disseminating these forms of life, and does so with particular reference to the crafting of electricity markets in the United States. It draws on more than a year of fieldwork among experts and users involved in electricity exchange. The experts and users among whom I conducted participant observation include computer programmers who assist companies that trade in electricity markets by collecting information and making trading suggestions, electrical engineers who design new infrastructures such as electricity markets for buying and selling electricity in bulk, psychologists and social scientists who study people's electricity consumption behavior to generate economic technologies to save money to users and providers of electricity, and citizen groups based in West Virginia and rural Illinois that organize against electricity markets' exclusion of consumers from decision-making mechanisms. Bringing questions of economic anthropology to bear upon the emergent literature of the anthropology of infrastructures, I propose that new economic forms of existence often come to being though infrastructure building and maintenance. For the last 20 years, experts of diverse technical backgrounds have been reprogramming the electric grid to allow for enhanced calculative choice and competition - principles at the core of the neoliberal agenda. I demonstrate that people who do not necessarily concern themselves with the formal study of economics often take the lead in creating and propagating wide-ranging economic emergent forms of life, such as neoliberalism, across the social field. To zero in on their work, I develop the concept of "techno-economics": an approach that understands commodities, whether they are living nonhumans such as livestock or inorganic processes like electricity, as more than passive receptacles of human design, and locates humans within their efforts to commoditize and marketize unruly objects, like electricity - a commodity that cannot be stored in warehouses or shipped on highways. Anthropological studies of the techno-economic, I suggest, are best equipped to make connections in ethnographic representation between otherwise disparate nodes of social life, like expertise and wires, law and steel, and finally, economics and electricity.
by Canay Özden-Schilling.
Ph. D. in History and Social Study of Science and Technology (HASTS)
Larsson, Hultgren Niklas, and Timm Dunker. "Electricity at Home: Can a proper method of visualization theoretically increase awareness of electricity consumption in the household using fictional data?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20577.
Повний текст джерелаConsumption of electricity is a subject with both personal and global purposes. Reducing the use of power is positive both for the private finances and the environment. In order to make such a reduction, it is helpful to understand how the electricity is spent. In the recent years both hardware and software solutions to display more detailed information on an individual’s consumption than just their total use. If they could see how much their devices use and how their usage levels changes over a year, they might increase their understanding of how they spend their electricity. An app has been designed to show this information. Users can then use the app for a while before being tested with questions that can only be answered correctly by using the app. These tests do show that the users have increased their understanding of their electricity consumption
Masumbuko, Robert Karisa. "Analysis of Burkina Faso Electricity System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288685.
Повний текст джерелаBurkina Faso har i likhet med många andra Minst Utvecklade Länder (MUL) i sin strävan efter hållbar utveckling insett att för att det ska bli meningsfulla ekonomiska och sociala framsteg är det viktigt att prioritera motståndskraft mot klimatförändringens effekter. I sin nationella anpassningsplan förutses en minskning av genomsnittlig nederbörd i storleksordningen 150 mm fram till 2025, jämfört med ett genomsnittligt årligt värde på 798 mm för perioden 1991 till 2016 och en ökning av medeltemperaturen mellan 1 ° C och 2,5 ° C. Även om Burkina Fasos utsläpp var relativt små, ratificerades Kyotoprotokollet 2005 och genom sina avsedda nationellt bestämda bidrag förbinder de sig att villkorslöst minska sina utsläpp med 6,6% till 2030 i enlighet med Parisavtalet. Elsektorn har identifierats som en av de mest sårbara för klimatförändringar. Efterfrågan förväntas växa exponentiellt på grund av ökade nedkylningsdagar medan utbudssidan, både förnyelsebar (vattenkraft och solceller) och fossilbränslebaserad termisk kraft, kommer att uppleva minskad produktion. Denna studie tillämpar en scenariobaserad analys nedifrån och upp genom att använda verktyget LEAP (Low Emission Analysis Platform) för att genomföra en omfattande analys av Burkina Fasos elsystem för perioden 2014-2030. Analysen berör nuvarande och framtida konsumtion, produktion, transmission och distribution med hänsyn till klimatförändringarnas potentiella effekter. En litteraturgenomgång över potentialen för förnybar energi och klimatförändringarnas effekt på framtida elinfrastruktur genomfördes. Modelleringssimuleringar baserade på nationella, regionala och globala policyer genomfördes därefter med LEAP-modellen utvecklad genom att beakta fyra scenarier: Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, Ideal Case Scenario (ICS), ECOWAS - WAPP Scenario (EWS) och Climate Smart Scenario (CSS) ). Den årliga elförbrukningen förväntas växa till 4,6TWh 2030 jämfört med 1,13TWh under basåret 2014 enligt ett BAU-scenario. Enligt CSS och ICS förväntas efterfrågan öka 43% respektive 93% jämfört med BAU. El genererad från förnyelsebara energikällor var högst i CSS med 36,2% och lägst i BAU-scenariot med 28% under hela perioden fram till 2030. Universell tillgång till el uppnås under CSS genom solenergi utanför elnätet som bidrar till 8,3% av den totala elproduktionen, medan det i EWS uppnås genom omfattande nationella elnätanslutningar. Elproduktion från decentraliserade system under CSS är 300% högre jämfört med de andra tre scenarierna för modelleringsperioden. Förväntade besparingar på cirka 10,5% från import av petroleumprodukter kan uppnås enligt antagandena i EWS-scenariot, jämfört med ICS. Detta beror på införlivandet av jatropha-biodieselblandning på 20% för värmegenerering. Utsläppen av växthusgaser beräknas minska med cirka 19% under CSS och öka med mer än 65% i både EWS och ICS jämfört med BAU-scenariot 2030. Utifrån analysen framkom CSS som ett bättre alternativ till en BAU-framtid och även med hänsyn till de andra scenarierna, eftersom det formas av perspektivet av klimatförändringarnas potentiella inverkan på det sårbara elsystemet. CCS möjliggör den högsta andelen decentraliserad elproduktion genom förnyelsebara solceller, minst elimport jämfört med BAU, och möjliggör den största minskningen av växthusgasutsläpp.
GHORBANI, SONIYA. "Anomaly Detection in Electricity Consumption Data." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-35011.
Повний текст джерелаGugler, Klaus, and Adhurim Haxhimusa. "Cross-Border Technology Differences and Trade Barriers: Evidence from German and French Electricity Markets." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5222/1/wp237.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSeries: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
Stinson, Jonathan William. "Smart energy monitoring technology to reduce domestic electricity and gas consumption through behaviour change." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2015. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/9828.
Повний текст джерелаKwok, Peter Jordan. "Electricity transmission investment in the United States : an investigation of adequacy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62058.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
There is a prevailing sentiment that the United States is underinvested in its electric transmission infrastructure. The standard claim is that poor regulation has caused insufficient levels of capital to be devoted to the transmission system and resulted in a network that is economically inefficient and potentially unreliable. Furthermore, it has been postulated that if policy changes are not made to increase investment in the near future, the US will face a crisis within its electricity grid. This investigation assesses these claims and, where regulation or investment is found to be wanting, policy recommendations to remedy the situation are made. Adequacy is defined here in the context of the major goals for transmission in the United States - generator interconnection, economics, reliability, and policy support - and whether the current system is achieving these goals. Adequacy is neither static nor a binary outcome, and at any point in time the system exists along some continuum between perfectly adequate and completely inadequate. This state may be affected by policies in place, the economy, the fuel prices that underlie the economics of the power system, or by other factors, and thus adequacy must be regularly revisited, as is done here. This study begins by finding that many of the indicators traditionally used to assess adequacy of transmission investment do not actually have much utility when it comes to drawing a definitive conclusion. Additionally, data that could potentially indicate adequacy are either insufficient to support any findings on the matter or are inconclusive. As such, other avenues of research are required. Two approaches are settled on as possible ways of addressing adequacy. The first, a "regulatory rationale" approach, seeks to apply logic and experience to deduce what outcomes might result from current regulatory structures. The second, a set of interviews with professional transmission planners, serves to validate the theoretical findings of the regulatory rationale and gain insight into the actual state of the system. The interview responses are analyzed using grounded theory, a structured method for interpreting qualitative data. Based on the two pronged qualitative assessment of system adequacy, the transmission network is found to be more adequate than is commonly claimed. Specifically, the system is quite adequate to serve the goals of generator interconnection and reliability. The conclusions for whether the system is economically efficient are the least clear, but to the extent that is possible within the current planning process, it appears that there is not cause to be concerned about underinvestment. Any major economic opportunities that are being missed are likely a result of the lack of an inter-regional planning process, which in turn means that opportunities for strengthening of economic linkages between regional jurisdictions are probably overlooked. The most concerning category where adequacy may become an issue is policy lines. While a motivating national policy is not yet in place, the type of transmission regulation that would result in transmission expansion to serve policy needs is not in place. Regulatory change is required to ensure that the system does not end up with a regulatory framework that cannot support legislative goals. Based on these findings, a limited number of policy recommendations are forwarded. First, it is suggested that any decisions based on the conventional wisdom be reexamined based on a more rigorous assessment of more complete data on the current state of the system. Next, it is recommended that the economic criteria and planning process be revisited with a focus on ensuring that inter-regional opportunities are not overlooked. Finally, there is a need to create policy certainty about what the future goals are for the power system, which should be supported by improved regulation that will allow for the incorporation of large quantities of renewable power sources.
by Peter Jordan Kwok.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Amelin, Mikael. "On Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of electricity markets." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektrotekniska system, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-26.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20100608
van, der Meer Dennis. "Spatio-temporal probabilistic forecasting of solar power, electricity consumption and net load." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363448.
Повний текст джерелаDemidenko, Iryna. "Radiation system. Air conditioner and water heater independent of electricity." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50619.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to one of the reports from the University of Berkeley, 700 million air conditioners will be installed in the world by 2030, and this figure will reach 1.6 billion by 2050. In terms of electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, this is comparable to the emergence of several new countries in the world. 80% of air conditioners contain R22 freon, which contains hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). According to scientists, this freon has a destructive effect on the ozone ball and contributes to global warming. In order to reduce this effect, in 2016, 200 countries from all over the world signed agreements on the replacement of R22 freon with three-component freon 407 and two-component R 410a in the production of air conditioners. To maximize the effect, researchers are exploring how to use a passive turbocharged cooling technology known as radiation cooling or sky cooling with sunscreen nonmaterials that radiate heat from the rooftops of buildings.
Згідно з одним із звітів Університету Берклі, до 2030 року у світі буде встановлено 700 мільйонів кондиціонерів, а до 2050 року цей показник досягне 1,6 мільярда. Що стосується споживання електроенергії та викидів парникових газів, це порівнянно з появою кількох нових країн у світі. 80% кондиціонерів містять фреон R22, який містить гідрофторвуглеводи (ГФУ). На думку вчених, цей фреон руйнівно діє на озонову кулю і сприяє глобальному потеплінню. З метою зменшення цього ефекту в 2016 році 200 країн усього світу підписали угоди про заміну фреону R22 на трикомпонентний фреон 407 та двокомпонентний R 410a у виробництві кондиціонерів. Щоб максимізувати ефект, дослідники вивчають, як використовувати пасивну технологію охолодження з турбонаддувом, відому як радіаційне охолодження або охолодження неба, із сонцезахисними нематеріалами, які випромінюють тепло з дахів будівель.
Connolly, Jeremiah P. (Jeremiah Peter). "Effect of real-time electricity pricing on renewable generators and system emissions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42938.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130).
Real-time retail pricing (RTP) of electricity, in which the retail price is allowed to vary with very little time delay in response to changes in the marginal cost of generation, offers expected short-run and long-run benefits at the societal level. While the effects of RTP on most market participants have been examined previously, its effects on a) renewable generator revenues and b) power sector emissions are not well understood. This thesis presents a counterfactual model of the new England wholesale power market, including within-hour consumer price response, to analyze revenues under RTP for four renewable test cases and emissions of CO2, SO2, and NOx. Assuming a moderate consumer price-response ( e = -0.3), I find that revenues for both wind and solar cases will decrease by about 3%, a smaller loss than that expected by the generation sector as a whole (~ 6%) or by peak generators ( ~ 55%). In the same scenario, RTP is expected to decrease emissions of CO2, SO2, and NOx by 2-3% in the short-run. These results are qualitatively robust across a range of elasticities and other input parameters. A discussion of the political barriers to RTP highlights interest group pressure from peak generators and the framing of gains and losses for consumers. These barriers are likely to attract significant policymaker attention in RTP discussions, but the results of my empirical analysis show the need to also consider how RTP may interfere with the ability to achieve other policy objectives, including promoting renewable energy and reducing emissions.
by Jeremiah P. Connolly.
S.M.
Ellman, Douglas (Douglas Austin). "The reference electrification model : a computer model for planning rural electricity access." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98551.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 106-109).
Despite efforts from governments and other organizations, hundreds of millions of people-primarily in Africa and South Asia-still have no electricity service. Electrification efforts have historically been focused on extension of the main electric grid, but technology developments have made off-grid power systems, such as microgrids and home systems, viable alternatives for some areas. Especially since rural electrification typically depends on limited subsidies, if universal electrification is to be achieved in a timely manner, smart planning is essential to ensure that resources are directed towards cost-efficient technical solutions. Since the areas requiring electrification are expansive, the technology choices are many, and experience with off-grid systems is limited, planners struggle to evaluate tradeoffs between technology choices and estimate project costs. This thesis demonstrates that computer models that can automatically produce cost-efficient designs to the individual customer level can provide significant value to the planning process. The development of such a model by the author and collaborators at MIT and Comillas University, called the Reference Electrification Model (REM), is described. REM uses a series of heuristics to process input data, identify areas better suited for on-grid or off-grid electrification, and produce technical designs for recommended grid-extension and off-grid projects. In addition to the current state of REM, the rationale for model design choices and recommendations for future developments are described. The process and results of a pilot application of REM to Vaishali District, in Bihar, India are also described. REM will only be useful if it is actually incorporated into planning processes. In this spirit, concepts for how models like REM can benefit the regulation of rural electrification are presented, with a focus on India.
by Douglas Ellman.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Yap, Xiang Ling. "A model-based approach to regulating electricity distribution under new operating conditions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72905.
Повний текст джерелаVita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152).
New technologies such as distributed generation and electric vehicles are connecting to the electricity distribution grid, a regulated natural monopoly. Existing regulatory schemes were not designed for these new technologies and may not provide distribution companies with adequate remuneration to integrate the new technologies. To investigate how regulation should change in the presence of new technologies, current regulatory schemes and possible improvements to make them suitable for new technologies are reviewed. A Reference Network Model capable of calculating the costs of building a distribution network is utilized to compare the costs of accommodating different penetrations and locations of distributed generation. Results for residential generators with a 3 kW/unit power output show that as the penetration of generators among residential customers increases, costs initially decrease but then increase at higher penetration levels. A comparison of results for residential generators with results for distributed generator conurbations located far away from customers shows that residential and far away generators require similar investment costs when total distributed generation power output is lower than effective customer demand. However, when total distributed generation power output exceeds effective demand, residential generators necessitate higher investment costs than far away generators. At all levels of distributed generation power output, residential generators imply lower losses costs than far away generators. A second Reference Network Model capable of calculating the costs of expanding an existing distribution network is utilized to compare the costs of expanding a network to accommodate new technologies under different technology management approaches. Results show that network investment costs are lower for an actively managed network than for a passively managed network, illustrating the potential benefits of active management. Based on an analysis of the modeling results and the regulatory review, an ex ante schedule of charges for distributed generators that incorporates forecast levels of DG penetration is suggested to improve remuneration adequacy for the costs of integrating distributed generation. To promote active management of distribution networks, measures such as funding pots, outputs-focused regulatory schemes, and regulating total expenditure rather than separating the regulation of capital and operating expenditure are selected as proposals.
by Xiang Ling Yap.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Moodley, Kenny. "Creating Leadership Efficacy Through Digital Media in the Electricity Supply Industry." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4082.
Повний текст джерелаEsber, George Salem III. "Carbon dioxide capture technology for the coal-powered electricity industry : a systematic prioritization of research needs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34516.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 97-103).
Coal is widely relied upon as a fuel for electric power generation, and pressure is increasing to limit emissions of the CO2 produced during its combustion because of concerns over climate change. In order to continue the use of coal without emitting CO2, low cost technologies must be developed for capturing CO2 from power plants. Current CO2 capture technology is expensive, both in terms of capital and operating cost, so research and development efforts will be heavily relied upon to improve the economic profile of the technologies. With scarce resources available for R&D, and a number or different technologies competing for these funds, efforts must be prudently prioritized in order for successful advancements to be realized. This thesis assesses the state-of-the-art CO2 capture technologies available today, as well as the leading technology options for improvement. It also examines types of R&D, government and industry roles in R&D efforts, and methods and tools for managing these efforts. From these analyses, qualitative conclusions about how to prioritize CO2 capture technology R&D efforts to ensure advancement are offered.
(cont.) There are three technological pathways for CO2 capture - post-combustion, oxy-fired, and pre-combustion capture - and several technology options for improvement in each pathway. There are currently no clear winners, and there is much uncertainty in which technologies have the most potential to reduce the cost of capture. Government and industry interests should both be involved in advancing R&D, but should play different roles depending on the type of research and the maturity of the technology. Portfolios of potential technologies in various stages of development should maintained by both government and industry researchers and developers, and they should use a variety of portfolio management tools to aid in decision-making. This approach will ensure that the best technologies are advanced and CO2 capture technologies will be capable of helping meet future challenges.
by George Salem Esber, III.
S.M.
Breckel, Alex Cade. "Regulating electricity and natural gas in Peru : solutions for a sustainable energy sector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90029.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-59).
Peru is one of the fastest growing countries in Latin America, thanks in part to industry fueled by generous endowments of hydro power capacity and natural gas reserves. However, investment in electricity generation capacity has not kept pace with the rapid increase in demand and threatens to stymie future economic growth. A flawed regulatory environment is to blame, and specific roadblocks to increased generation investments include a dysfunctional capacity payment system, low administratively determined gas prices, and structural barriers to investment in hydro. This thesis provides an overview of the design, functioning and historical context for energy regulation in Peru; identifies the key barriers to generation investment; analyzes two potential regulatory reforms; and recommends the specific reform that has the most promise for reigniting investment in hydro. Two reforms strike at the root of the current problem: The first, increasing the price of natural gas for power generators up to the economic netback value of LNG exports, would make hydro a viable investment but would hit consumers with very large increases in their electricity bills. An alternative approach, a reform to the capacity payment mechanism, could provide the same benefits in terms of drawing new generator investment but at a much lower cost to consumers. It would also offer benefits for regulatory discretion in the future evolution of the grid.
by Alex Cade Breckel.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Mignon, Ingrid. "Entering renewable electricity production : An actor perspective." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103319.
Повний текст джерелаMILANI, FRANCESCO. "Dutch Business case study : Household’s electricity self-consumption maximisation through smart storage and energy." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286067.
Повний текст джерелаMörk, Therése, and Åsa Jonsson. "Evaluation of alternative energy schemes for maximized electricity generation in a Cuban sugar mill." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219913.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Shun Him. "Valuing energy storage in electricity grids : a machine learning approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117879.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-87).
Meeting climate change mitigation targets likely requires the integration of large amounts of renewable energy generation, as well as energy storage systems, into the electric grid. However, the deployment of energy storage systems will remain limited until they become economically attractive, with or without government policy. One of the most profitable and widely studied energy storage system ventures is realtime temporal arbitrage, where the decision to charge or discharge the energy storage device is made according to some charging policy or decision rules, ideally charging when electricity prices are low and discharging when prices are high. In this thesis, state-of-the-art Machine Learning methods in the field of electricity price forecasting were used to accurately predict electricity prices. An improvement on existing recurrent neural network methods was introduced, using contextual knowledge of nodal prices and information such as geolocational spatial correlation data. It was then demonstrated that these prices can be used to inform a charging policy for an energy storage device which will maximize its associated arbitrage revenue. The most profitable policy requires perfect foresight of electricity prices, and hence the true valuation of the energy storage device given imperfect forecasts is bounded from above by a valuation using perfect foresight. The effect of improvements in electricity price forecasting accuracy on the valuation of energy storage systems is then explored using simulations, which places an implicit value on the improvement of electricity price forecasting methods. The impact of these improvements on the introduction of energy storage systems into the grid is then evaluated.
by Shun Him Wong.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
Emamian, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh. "British electricity policy in flux : paradigm ambivalence and technological tension." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9849.
Повний текст джерелаHalliday, Sam. "Science and technology in the age of Hawthorne, Melville, Twain, and James : thinking and writing electricity /." New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41059850k.
Повний текст джерелаCheng, Chia-Chin. "Electricity demand-side management for an energy efficient future in China : technology options and policy priorities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33679.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 278-289).
The main objective of this research is to identify robust technology and policy options which achieve substantial reductions in electricity demand in China's Shandong Province. This research utilizes a scenario-based approach to identify sensible and feasible energy efficiency and load reduction strategies. The research consists of technical analyses through the development of an hourly load simulation model to study the time and temperature sensitive impacts on electricity demand growth by different demand-side management (DSM) scenarios and a policy analysis to formulate policy priorities based on the socio-economic and environmental realities in China. This bottom-up comprehensive study helps inform decision-making given the technological, consumption and socio-economic conditions in large-scale electricity grid systems of Shandong and China, thus preferred DSM strategies are identified, and sensible policy recommendations are made with respect to Shandong province and China as a whole. This study developed a computer-based modeling tool for peak-load based electric demand analysis and long-term projections.
(cont.) The model simulates disaggregated hourly electric loads by end-user types with temperature-sensitive load simulation capability, which takes into account time use patterns, life-style and behavioral factors, distributed consumption behaviors of electricity users, appliances and equipment utilization patterns, environmental factors, and industrial structural and operational parameters. The simulation and scenario based research methodology provides a comparative basis, and dynamic insights to electricity demand in areas when limited generation and consumption information is available, which is especially appropriate for electricity sector studies in developing countries. The research showed that demand side management strategies could result in significant reduction in the peak loads as well as the total electricity consumption in Shandong.
(cont.) The results of the technical analysis concluded that (1) temperature sensitive load makes up the fastest growing demand within the entire consumption profile; (2) implementation of building energy efficiency strategies demonstrates the largest energy saving potential; (3) implementation of appliances standards, has limited effects on energy saving; (4) load management strategies to induce changes in consumption behaviors also shows great potential, however, they are difficult to estimate; and (5) urbanization policies also have a strong impact on electricity consumption. The recommended DSM policy priorities are based on the energy-saving potentials of the DSM strategies, which are listed in priority order: (1) improvement of building technology, (2) management of new installation first (3) management of temperature sensitive loads, (4) implementation of behavioral and load management strategies, (5) better management of urbanization policies (6) promotion of aggressive industrial motor substitution measures & industrial structural changes, and (6) improvement of appliance efficiency.
(cont.) This research also formulated integrated DSM policy recommendations to the Chinese government that are centered by the development of coordinated DSM policy framework, and that are based upon the current technological, managerial and institutional capacities of Chinese industry and governmental agencies. The details include moving away from the traditional utility centered IRP/DSM framework, developing a robust energy efficiency services industry, setting correct DSM priorities and implementing them, developing and upgrading the domestic energy efficiency product industry, and engaging end-user participation. The thesis recognized the barriers and difficulties in the policy implementation and stressed the importance of continuous adaptation and institutional learning in the implementation process.
by Chia-Chin Cheng.
Ph.D.
Cross-Call, Daniel Frederick. "Matching energy storage to small island electricity systems : a case study of the Azores." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85921.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-141).
Island economies rely almost entirely on imported diesel and fuel oil to supply their energy needs, resulting in significant economic and environmental costs. In recognition of the benefits of clean energy development, many islands are pursuing ambitious goals for renewable energy. For example, the Azores Islands of Portugal have set a goal to achieve 75% renewable energy by 2018. Despite significant environmental and economic benefits, however, the introduction of renewable energy sources introduces new operating challenges to island power systems, including intermittent and uncertain generation patterns. This research investigates energy storage on small island power systems under scenarios of increasing penetrations of variable-output wind. The analysis applies a least-cost unit commitment model to three Azores island networks (Sdo Miguel, Faial and Flores), in order to determine expected cost savings from introducing energy storage onto those systems. Modeling results indicate that renewable energy coupled with energy storage can produce significant savings in operating costs on island electricity systems- above those levels achieved from renewable generation alone. Furthermore, the research suggests that storage power (in terms of available megawatts for discharging energy) is more critical than storage capacity (megawatt-hours of available storage) for achieving costs savings and clean energy goals. The largest impacts from storage will come from relatively small-sized storage installations, above which there is a diminishing return from storage.
by Daniel Frederick Cross-Call.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Trygg, Louise. "Swedish industrial and energy supply measures in a European system perspective." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7832.
Повний текст джерелаToregozhina, Aizhan. "Resiliency of interdependent gas and electricity systems : the New England case." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104823.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [61]-[65]).
According to the Presidential Policy Directive 21, the natural gas and the power systems should be able to recover quickly following a disaster and also be able to anticipate high-impact, low-probability events, rapidly recover, and absorb lessons for adapting its operation and structure for preventing or mitigating the impact of similar events in the future. All of this brings in a growing need for resiliency as the natural gas and electricity systems need to have robust recovery strategies in the face of physical, environmental, cybernetic, security or societal threats. The importance of gas and electricity system resilience increases even further, as the interdependency of the two sectors deepens, especially here in New England, where natural gas now accounts for 50% of region's total power plant capacity. In this thesis, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model of integrated gas and electricity system is used to do contingency analysis and determine components of both systems that are critical to improve resilience. The model's main contribution is that it represents gas dynamics accurately. Using this model, we looked at several threats at the junction of gas and electricity systems. Based on the model results, higher line-pack, and pressures, as well as additional compressor capacity investments, were shown to improve system resiliency. The model could be used as a decision support tool for policy-makers to do contingency analysis of gas-electricity systems.
by Aizhan Toregozhina.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
PATEL, TANVI, and TAYLOR HANSSON. "Potential Business Markets for the Digital Circuit Breaker : an investigation of the Swedish electricity market." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217799.
Повний текст джерелаEvans, Anna(Anna Christine). "The value of flexibility : application of real options analysis to electricity network investments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127169.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [58]-61).
This thesis assesses electricity distribution network investment decision-making methods using a three-step approach, to explore the possible value of flexibility. By applying a simple quantitative framework to an illustrative distribution network decision, it finds that current methods that fail to consider flexibility can result in higher cost investments and lost value. First, it presents the recent developments in the electricity sector and outlines how the current state of network planning is no longer fit for purpose. Second, it proposes a flexible design approach for electricity network investments, and determines the value of this flexibility by developing a simple model and applying real options analysis. Third, it identifies the practical challenges to effectively implementing a flexible design methodology, before proposing recommendations for electricity utilities and regulators. The proposed flexible design methodology found that building in flexibility through Non-Wire Alternatives provided a greater Expected Net Present Value than current robust techniques using traditional investments. This thesis confirmed that the value of this flexibility increased as uncertainty over future electricity demand increased. This thesis finds there is a strong case that the use of a flexible design approach can increase the cost-effectiveness of network investment decisions. However, there remains significant uncertainty regarding key parameters that determine the value of these cost savings. As such, this thesis concludes with a discussion of evidence gaps and priorities for future research.
by Anna Evans.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
Schneider, Ian Michael. "Electricity market integration of stochastic renewable resources : efficiency and risk tradeoffs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108958.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M. in Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-57).
Electricity generation from renewable sources is growing rapidly, but the variability and uncertainty of renewable resources like wind and solar energy can increase the costs of supplying reliable electricity. Competitive markets for wholesale electricity are widely used in the United States, but the regulatory details that govern their treatment of stochastic resources can have significant effects on efficiency and risk. This research analyzes how producers respond to market mechanisms intended to improve forecasting and long-term siting decisions. This thesis characterizes producer equilibrium strategies in competitive short term energy markets by examining the bidding behavior of energy market participants when energy imbalance payments are determined endogenously from market clearing conditions. The results show that the market-based pricing mechanism leads to better tradeoffs of system efficiency and risk compared to the case where penalties are exogenous, suggesting additional benefits of market-based penalty prices beyond those previously studied. This research also explores how long-term market investment equilibria are affected by current energy policies. It presents new analytical results showing how the Production Tax Credit (PTC) biases wind investment towards high-producing sites, but with higher overall levels of wind correlation, which can induce additional costs associated with reliability and system risk.
by Ian Michael Schneider.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M. in Electrical Engineering
Jenkins, Sandra Elizabeth. "Interdependency of electricity and natural gas markets in the United States : a dynamic computational model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90053.
Повний текст джерела81
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-81).
Due to high storage costs and limited storage availability, natural gas is generally used as a just-in- time resource that needs to be delivered as it is consumed. With the shale gas revolution, coal retirements and environmental regulations, the interdependency of natural gas and electricity has increased. These changes impact pipeline financing and power generation dispatch. Potential solutions to gas-electricity interdependency challenges such as mismatched market schedules are not too difficult to determine. However, a quantitative model is needed in order to evaluate these solutions in order to provide insights into which solutions to interdependency concerns offer the best outcomes. While it is clear that natural gas constraints will affect the cost of the electricity system, there is a need for modeling to explore the relationship between fuel uncertainty and system cost. In this thesis, a quantitative optimal flow model with a dynamic market mechanism is used to measure the effects of natural gas-fired power producer's fuel uncertainty on the net social benefit to consumers and producers. Modeling results indicate that fuel price uncertainty negatively affects social welfare while demand response, information availability and coordination improvements limit the impact of natural gas fuel uncertainty. To simulate improved coordination, a second model is developed which includes natural gas network constraints. The results of this model demonstrate how joint optimization of the networks could relax fuel constraints on gas-fired generators and improve social welfare.
by Sandra Elizabeth Jenkins.
S.M. in Technology and Policy