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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "ELECTRICITY DENSITY"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "ELECTRICITY DENSITY"

Buceti, Giuliano. "Sustainable power density in electricity generation." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2013-0047.

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Purpose – When comparing renewables with fossil fuels, emotional approaches are fuelled by the difficulties in defining a proper metric able to make consistent comparisons among energy sources. In literature several approaches have been proposed, all effective in some way but ineffective in others. Variables like energy density, prices, estimated resources, life time emissions, water use and waste, all come at the same time to form an unmanageable mix. This paper discuss the adoption of a shared metric to clarify the boundary conditions that limit the solutions can be operated and to define which scenarios are sustainable and which are not. Design/methodology/approach – Energy density and power density are the cornerstones of the physical limitations in the exploitation of the energy sources. On this basis, a novel classification of energy sources, volumetric and flowing, has been proposed and discussed in light of three parameters: abundance, power density and sustainability. Eventually, an extended definition of power density based on life-cycle assessment is adopted. Findings – Sustainable power density makes possible compare the different energy options and shows how limitation in land comes to be the root of all resources limitations. Originality/value – A definition of a unique parameter is proposed and pros and cons of all energy options are calculated and put in a single graphic providing new insights into the energy policy.

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Zheng, Hua, Li Xie, and Jun Xiong. "Application of Intelligent Algorithm for Probability Density Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.388.

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There is no doubt that probability distribution is primary and important for the risk analyses on financial time series. And various non-Gaussian distributions have become one of focused and unsolved problems, especially for those studies on the real continuous variables. So this paper concentrates on the intelligent algorithm for probability density estimation by Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM), and its application on the electricity price. Moreover a practical probability density modeling of electricity price is implemented by LS-SVM. Finally, case studies on the electricity price of New England electricity market have proved the validity of the proposed model.

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Saunders, C. P. R., and C. C. Zhang. "Rime density, radial forces and atmospheric electricity." Atmospheric Research 21, no. 2 (October 1987): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(87)90001-9.

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Hyndman, Rob J., and Shu Fan. "Density Forecasting for Long-Term Peak Electricity Demand." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25, no. 2 (May 2010): 1142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2036017.

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Boukarta, Soufiane, and Ewa Berezowska. "Exploring the Energy Implication of Urban Density in Residential Buildings." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2017-0001.

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AbstractIn the context of the Algerian energy policy, and through the review of the Algiers’ residential building stock, this paper explores the correlation between the energy consumption of gas and electricity with urban density. Based on a holistic approach of the 57 Algiers’ municipalities, the analysis is organized in two ways. Firstly, the spatial approach is conducted within a GIS implementation, carried out based on the 2013 aggregated annual energy consumption data. The cross analysis of Electricity and Gas consumption and density of population within a GIS spatial distribution approach shows effectively a strong correlation between urban density and energy consumption with a Pearson correlation of −56% and −65% of the Electricity and Gas consumption in the urban municipalities, respectively. Also, the household located in the suburban municipalities consume clearly more energy than the urban centered ones. Based on the electricity and gas consumption, density and carbon footprint we have clustered, within a PCA, the Algiers’ municipalities into three profiles: the “thrifty”, the “intermediate” and the “wasteful” profile.

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Munkhammar, Joakim, Jesper Rydén, and Joakim Widén. "Characterizing probability density distributions for household electricity load profiles from high-resolution electricity use data." Applied Energy 135 (December 2014): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.093.

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Amara, Fatima, Kodjo Agbossou, Yves Dubé, Sousso Kelouwani, Alben Cardenas, and Jonathan Bouchard. "Household electricity demand forecasting using adaptive conditional density estimation." Energy and Buildings 156 (December 2017): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.09.082.

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Gao, Chong Yang, Ai Jie Wang, and Yang Guo Zhao. "Contribution of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria to the Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.285.

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Double-chambered microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were used to investigate the effect of sulfate and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on electricity generation by molybdate inhibition coupled with PCR-DGGE technique. Results showed that low influent sulfate (< 1470 mg/L) improved power density and voltage, while higher sulfate blocked the MFC efficiency. Molybdate inhibited the activity of SRB and consequently decreased MFC voltage and power density which confirmed some SRB were involved in the electricity generation. Microbial community analysis indicated thatDesulfovibrio desulfuricanscontributed to the electricity production and stability of MFC.

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Liu, Huixin, Xiaodong Shen, Xisheng Tang, and Junyong Liu. "Day-Ahead Electricity Price Probabilistic Forecasting Based on SHAP Feature Selection and LSTNet Quantile Regression." Energies 16, no. 13 (July 4, 2023): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135152.

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Electricity prices are a central element of the electricity market, and accurate electricity price forecasting is critical for market participants. However, in the context of increasingly integrated economic markets, the complexity of the electricity system has increased. As a result, the number of factors required to consider in electricity price forecasting is growing. In addition, the high percentage of renewable energy penetration has increased the volatility of electricity generation, making it more challenging to predict prices accurately. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic forecasting method based on SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) feature selection and LSTNet (long- and short-term time-series network) quantile regression. First, to reduce feature redundancy and overfitting, we use the SHAP method to perform feature selection in a high-dimensional input feature set, and specifically analyze the magnitude and manner in which features affect electricity prices. Second, we apply the LSTNet quantile regression model to predict the electricity value under different quantiles. Finally, the probability density function and the prediction interval of the predicted electricity prices are obtained by kernel density estimation. The case of the Danish electricity market validates the effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed method. The accuracy of the proposed method is better than that of other methods, and we assess the importance and direction of the impact of features on electricity prices.

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Cheng, Chiu Yu, Cheng Che Li, and Ying Chien Chung. "Continuous Electricity Generation and Pollutant Removal from Swine Wastewater Using a Single-Chambered Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.158.

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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) represents a new method for simultaneously swine wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, few studies revealed the high electricity generation and pollutant removal using a large-scale single-chambered MFC in treating swine wastewater. Results indicated optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of swine wastewater was 8 d considering the removal efficiency and the power density. Under this condition, this MFC system removed 85.62% TCOD and 73.6% NH3 as well as achieved power density of 368 mW/m2. Results also showed the maximum power density of the MFC was 382.5±10.6 mW/m2 MFC at 350 Ω. TCOD concentration in the swine wastewater was limiting factor for power output. The maximum power density was Pmax= 385 mW/m2, with a half-saturation concentration of Ks=2,050 mg/l. To our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate the electricity characteristics of a large-scale single-chambered MFC in treating swine wastewater.

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Дисертації з теми "ELECTRICITY DENSITY"

Taga, Adrian. "Materials Engineering Using Density Functional Theory." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3809.

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This doctoral thesis presents density functionalcalculations applied in several domains of interest in solidstate physics and materials science. Non-collinear magnetismhas been studied both in an artificial multi-layer structure,which could have technological relevance as a magnetic sensordevice, and as excitations in 3d ferromagnets. The intricatebulk crystal structure of γ-alumina has been investigated.An improved embedded cluster method is developed and applied tostudy the geometric and electronic structures and opticalabsorption energies of neutral and positively charged oxygenvacancies in α-quartz. Ab initio total energycalculations, based on the EMTO theory, have been used todetermine the elastic properties of Al_1-xLi_xrandom alloys in the face-centered cubiccrystallographic phase. The obtained overall good agreementwith experiment demonstrates the applicability of the quantummechanics formulated within the framework of the DensityFunctional Theory for mapping the structural and mechanicalproperties of random alloys against chemical composition.

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Yuen, Albert Wai Ling Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Collector current density and dust collection in wire-plate electrostatic precipitators." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28274.

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Even minimal improvements in particle collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators significantly reduce dust emission from fossil-fuelled power stations and reduce pollution. Yet current designs rely on the Deutsch collection theory, which was developed for tubular precipitators and has been applied to wire-plate precipitators on the assumption that the inter-electrode electric fields at the same discharge distance in both were similar. Differences in geometry and associated collector electric fields and current density non-uniformity have not been taken into account, although the collector electric field and current density of the wire-plate precipitator are not uniform. And observations show that precipitated dust patterns and the distribution of collector current density are interrelated. Investigations revealed a simple square law relationship between the collector electric field and the collector current density in the space charge dominated coronas. Applying this relationship to the Deutsch collection theory led to a current-density-based collection formula that takes into account the non-uniform collector current density distribution. The current-density-based collection formula is then used to assess the impact of collector current density on collection efficiency, the results closely following published measurements. Applying the current-density-based collection formula to estimate the dust accumulation shows that most of the dust accumulates at collector locations facing the corona wires. The effect of the non-uniform precipitated dust layer on collection performance is assessed using the distributed corona impedance - the ratio of the inter-electrode voltage and the non-uniform collector current. Re-distribution of the collector current profile as dust builds up is also compatible with published measurements. Finally this is applied to optimize the wire-plate precipitator collection performance. This shows that optimal collection performance is obtained with the wire-wire spacing less than the wire-plate distance, once again confirming published experimental results. This is the first analytical approach to show better collection performance can be achieved at the ratio of wire-wire spacing/wire-plate distance not equal to unity, which has been the standard industry practice since 1960.

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RASTOGI, UTKARSH. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HESS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATION." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18818.

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Nowadays, the energy warehouse structures of EVs have to now no longer acquire big quantities of strength however additionally percentage out rapid dissimilarities of the burden. The increase and implementation of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are these days obtaining a massive momentum particularly because of environmental and gasoline sources to deal with. An electric powered automobile model is simulated withinside the Mat lab wherein an electric powered automobile load on the idea of speed, acceleration, torque, strength at load is analyzed. Suitable factors of Indian power cycle incorporating like drag coefficient, coefficient of rolling resistance, etc. parameters are analyzed. A Mat lab Simulink of the Brushless DC motor, Inverter circuit, commutation switching circuit, Buck converter, PID controller, sensor circuit, and ultra-capacitance battery control version is evolved for the evaluation of an electric powered automobile. In an electric-powered automobile, the available electricity as a consequence of the battery might not be constantly enough to fulfill the weight ultimatum, especially at some stage in height ephemeral conditions. Hence, an ultra-capacitor financial institution is used as a further electricity garage detail in an electric-powered automobile, which could deliver electricity to satisfy the height strength ultimatum and may enhance the overall performance at some stage in short-lived conditions. The mixed use of battery and ultra-capacitor improves the performance of the system, the battery operates inside shielded limits, battery dwelling receives more desirable, brings down the battery size, and enlarging the automobile overall performance. The obstacles are decreased electricity density, low lifestyles cycle, immoderate cost, and limited using span. Ultra-capacitors are related to the battery because it has a double-layer electrochemical capacitor with an extended lifestyles cycle, successful to build up one thousand instances greater strength than a traditional capacitor, more advantageous electricity density, and green rate and law of discharge.

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Soula, Serge. "Influence de l'effet couronne sur le champ electrique mesure au voisinage du sol sous orage." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30213.

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Generalites sur l'electricite des orages. Mise au point d'un appareil de type gardien pour mesurer la densite ionique. Resultats experimentaux obtenus durant deux campagnes: ils concernent d'une part les mesures de champ electrique a plusieurs hauteurs dans les domaines des variations lentes et rapides, d'autre part celles de la densite ionique. Theorie du courant de maxwell sour l'orage. Simulation de l'evolution des divers parametres electriques venant confirmer les resultats experimentaux.

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Yi-TsangDu and 杜易蒼. "The relationship among the urban density, open space, and the residential electricity consumption." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vq474p.

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碩士
國立成功大學
都市計劃學系
103
The energy consumption has grown rapidly in recent years which has led the energy cost to become an important issue. In Taiwan, most of the energy was transformed into electricity for use. Furthermore, the residential sector plays an important role in the electricity consumption as its electricity requirement is in a large proportion of the overall electricity demand. Many studies indicated that the factors affecting residential electricity use could be classified into three parts, the characteristics of the house, the urban form and the overall climate. However, the reasons of the energy consumption might be different depending on the different urban scale. The aim of this study is to understand the reason in these huge electricity requirement in residential sector can be help residential buildings become more energy-saving from an urban planning aspect. Districts in Taiwan island cities were investigated. The relationship among the residential electricity consumption, the urban density and open space was discussed. Regression analysis was applied to find the significant factors of residential electricity consumption. The results show that sunshine hour, living area, building age, household size and income have significantly positive influences on residential electricity consumption while the age of people is negative. However, the water coverage ratio has significantly positive influences on summer residential electricity consumption which shows that water coverage ratio increase rather than decrease the urban heat island effect in summer, and increasing more water area causes more residential electricity consumption in summer.

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Xue, Shan. "Numerical modeling of the magnetospheric cusp: Ion injection and number density calculations." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19232.

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The magnetospheric cusp is the principal site of solar wind plasma entry into the magnetosphere, and plasma entry through this region constitutes an important source of plasma in the Earth's magnetosphere. The goal of this dissertation is to understand the dynamics and location of the plasma injection process and the subsequent transport of this plasma throughout the magnetosphere by numerically modeling the cusp in terms of the "zeroth-order" physical processes. A quantitative model of ion injection and number density in the magnetospheric cusp is developed, incorporating mutually consistent electric and magnetic fields. This work extends the method of Onsager et al., who calculated precipitating particle fluxes from quantitative models of magnetosheath flow and ion acceleration at the magnetopause. We have simulated cusp ion energy-latitude spectrograms at mid-altitude. Both the large-scale energy-latitude dispersion and the embedded small-scale energy-pitch-angle V signatures are clearly evident in these simulated spectrograms. Our results show that a much finer V microsignature is obtained when the ion injection source is restricted to a small region. However, the cutoff of the plasma injection at the magnetosheath sonic line also yields relatively narrow V's, even without restricting the injection region to a small locus on the magnetopause. This effect is most noticeable in winter conditions. To explain the frequently observed multiple cusp ion injections that appear to overlap on the same field lines, we present two independent approaches. Our simulations have successfully reproduced the meso-scale cusp ion overlapping structure by firstly incorporating temporal effects of separate bursts of reconnection which last 1.4 min and are 3.6 and 4.6 mins apart; and secondly by introducing a time-dependent magnetosheath plasma density variation along the magnetopause to our cusp model, even with assuming steady interconnection. Our cusp injection model which returns precipitating particle flux also allows us to calculate the number density profile in the cusp. Our result along the noon-meridian cusp demonstrates that the density gradient is sharper on the equatorward edge than the poleward edge, and that the equatorward edge of the density structure shifts to higher latitude at lower altitude.

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Gora, Tatenda. "Investigating the effects of altitude (air density) on the HVDC breakdown voltage of small rod-plane air gaps." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21106.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, 2016
The validity of the atmospheric correction method presented in the IEC 60060-1 (2010) standard is analysed and evaluated by means of theoretical and laboratory work. In order to understand the problem, the evolution of the atmospheric correction methods, from as early as 1914, has been presented. A procedure (Calva prediction method) for predicting the direct current (DC) breakdown voltage for an air gap at any altitude was discovered and was also analysed along with the IEC 60060-1 (2010). A critique of some of the atmospheric correction methods commonly used standards was also done. Experiments were carried out at altitudes of 1 740 m (Wits University), 130 m (UKZN HVDC centre) and at less than 2 m above sea level (Scottburgh beach, Clansthal). More tests were conducted using a pressure vessel where high altitude relative air density was simulated. All tests were conducted on rod-plane air gaps using a 15 mm diameter at tip rod. Test results from Scottburgh beach were used as the standard breakdown voltages of the air gaps tested since the environmental conditions were the closest to the conventional standard conditions (stp). The test results obtained were compared with predictions using the Calva method in order to validate the method. The test results were also corrected according to IEC 60060-1 (2010) and compared to the standard breakdown voltages obtained at Scottburgh beach. It was shown that the IEC 60060-1 (2010) is quite suitable for atmospheric correction for data obtained at low altitudes (about 130 m). When applied to high altitude (1 740 m) data, the correction method is accurate and suitable for very small air gaps less than 0.1 m. As the air gap length increased, the corrected results began to deviate from the expected standard voltage. The same trend was shown with the corrected results from the pressure chamber tests. The prediction method by Calva was accurate when compared to the experimental data from the high altitude and low altitude test results. When compared to the data from the pressure chamber, the prediction method had a linear error factor which was di erent for each gap length. It was concluded that the IEC 60060-1 (2010) is not only unsuitable for atmospheric correction for data at relative air densities below 0.8, but also that the correction method is prone to an increase in error as the air gap length increases when the relative air density is higher than 0.8. The Calva prediction method was found to be suitable to use after additional factors are added when applied to high altitude conditions.
GR2016

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Ranwaha, Tshifhiwa Steven. "Density functional theory study of adsorption of cronconate dyes on TiO2 Anatase (010) and (100) surfaces." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1359.

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MSc (Physics)
Department of Physics
Currently the dye sensitized solar cells have attracted more attention due to their low cost, transparency and flexibility. These types of solar cells use the dye molecule adsorbed on TiO2 semiconductor in Nano architecture with the role of absorbing photons, in recent research attempts are being made to shifts the absorption spectral of TiO2 to visible and near infrared–region of solar spectrum to achieve maximum photo absorption which yields to an increase in the efficiency of the dye sensitized solar cells. In the current study, density functional theory (DFT) was used to model two croconate dyes (CR1 and CR2), one with an electron donating methyl group (CR1) and the other with an electron –withdrawing caboxyl group (CR2). The geometric, electronic and optical properties of these dyes were compared. The adsorption behaviour of the two dyes on (010 and 100) anatase TiO2 surfaces were investigated in this study by employing first principle calculation based on DFT using a plane-wave pseudo potential method. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used in the scheme of Perdew-Burke Ernzerhof to describe the exchange -correlation function as implemented in the CASTEP package in Material Studio of BIOVIA. The adsorption results shows a spontaneous electron injection followed by efficient regeneration of the oxidized dye molecules by the electrolyte and strong binding ability of CR2 to the TiO2 surface, but also shows a comparable binding strength of CR1. The results of this study will help in the design of high efficient dye for DSSCs.
NRF

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Книги з теми "ELECTRICITY DENSITY"

Mahan, Gerald D. Local density theory of polarizability. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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Kirill, Boyarchuk, ed. Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Dielectric Polymer Materials for High-Density Energy Storage. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2018.

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Pulinets, Sergey, and Kyrill Boyarchuk. Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes. Springer London, Limited, 2005.

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Pulinets, Sergey, and Kyrill Boyarchuk. Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes. Springer, 2010.

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Rez, Peter. The Simple Physics of Energy Use. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.001.0001.

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In industrially developed countries, energy is used primarily for three things—maintaining a comfortable environment in buildings, transporting people and goods and manufacturing products. Each accounts for about one-third of the total primary energy use. Controlling the indoor temperature accounts for most of the energy use in buildings. Therefore, this strongly depends on the local climate. Electricity accounts for a high proportion of the energy transfer in developed countries. The problem is that electricity cannot easily be stored, and that supply therefore has to match demand. This makes the use of intermittent renewables such as solar and wind particularly challenging. Transportation efficiency can be measured by the energy used to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance, but there is also the journey time to consider. Transportation, with the exception of trains, is constrained by the energy density and convenience of fuels, and it is hard to beat liquid hydrocarbons as fuels. Materials that are dug out of the earth are nearly always oxides, but we want the element itself. The reduction process inevitably uses energy and produces carbon dioxide. Even growing crops requires energy in addition to that provided by sunlight. A meat-based diet requires significantly higher energy inputs than a vegetarian diet. Growing crops for fuel is a poor use of land, the problem being that crops do not grow fast enough. Policy should ultimately be based on what works from a physics and engineering viewpoint, and not on legislation that mandates the use of favoured renewable energy sources.

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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. Physics in anaesthesia. Edited by Antony R. Wilkes and Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0023.

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This chapter covers the basic science of physics relevant to anaesthetic practice. Equipment and measurement devices are covered elsewhere. Starting with fundamentals, atomic structure is introduced, followed by dimensions and units as used in science. Basic mechanics are then discussed, focusing on mass and density, force, pressure, energy, and power. The concept of linearity, hysteresis, and frequency response in physical systems is then introduced, using relevant examples, which are easy to understand. Laminar and turbulent fluid flow is then described, using flow measurement devices as applications of this theory. The concept of pressure and its measurement is then discussed in some detail, including partial pressure. Starting with the kinetic theory of gases, heat and temperature are described, along with the gas laws, critical temperature, sublimation, latent heat, vapour pressure and vaporization illustrated by the function of anaesthetic vaporizers, humidity, solubility, diffusion, osmosis, and osmotic pressure. Ultrasound and its medical applications are discussed in some detail, including Doppler and its use to measure flow. This is followed by an introduction to lasers and their medical uses. The final subject covered is electricity, starting with concepts of charge and current, voltage, energy, and power, and the role of magnetism. This is followed by a discussion of electrical circuits and the rules governing them, and bridge circuits used in measurement. The function of capacitors and inductors is then introduced, and alternating current and transformers are described.

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Частини книг з теми "ELECTRICITY DENSITY"

Gooch, Jan W. "Surface Density of Electricity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 716. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11436.

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Matsushita, Teruo. "Current and Magnetic Flux Density." In Electricity and Magnetism, 123–54. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54526-2_6.

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Matsushita, Teruo. "Current and Magnetic Flux Density." In Electricity and Magnetism, 147–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82150-0_6.

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Antoniucci, Valentina, Adriano Bisello, and Giuliano Marella. "Urban Density and Household-Electricity Consumption: An Analysis of the Italian Residential Building Stock." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 129–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_9.

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AbstractThe influence of urban density on household electricity consumption is still scarcely investigated, despite the growing attention to building energy performance and the electrification of heating systems advocated at the European level. While the positive correlation between urban sprawl developments and the increasing of marginal costs of public infrastructures, services, amenities, public, and private transports are known, there has been little research on the relationship between urban form and electricity consumption in residential building stock. The present work aims to contribute to filling the gap in the existing literature, presenting the early results of ongoing research on the role of urban form in the household electricity consumption in Italy and, consequently, the related energy costs. The building typology and, in general, the structure of urban dwellings, is crucial to forecasting the electricity requirements, taking into account single housing units and their spatial composition in multi-family homes and neighborhoods. After a brief literature review on the topic, the contribution presents empirical research on the electricity consumption at the municipal level in 140 Italian cities, analyzing the diverse consumption patterns under different conditions of urban density to verify whether there exists a significant statistical correlation between them. The analysis confirms that there is a statistically negative correlation between urban density and the log of electricity consumption, even if its incidence is very limited. Further investigation may highlight whether there exists a threshold for which this relationship would be reversed, explaining the higher electricity consumption in dense metropolitan areas.

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Wang, Bohong, Tian Xia, and Qinglai Guo. "Data Valuation in Electricity Transactions Incorporating Uncertainty Reduction by Kernel Density Estimation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 165–74. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1439-5_14.

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Antoniucci, Valentina, and Giuliano Marella. "Urban Density, Electricity Consumption, and Greenhouse Gas Emission: An Analysis of Italian Cities." In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 115–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00808-5_27.

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Zhou, Tie Hua, Cong Hui Sun, Ling Wang, and Gong Liang Hu. "Real-Time Electricity Pricing Trend Forecasting Based on Multi-density Clustering and Sequence Pattern Mining." In Recent Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 19–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03745-1_3.

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Oksiutycz, Anna, and Caroline Muyaluka Azionya. "Informal Settlements: A Manifestation of Internal and Cross-Border Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 109–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9_8.

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AbstractInformal settlements are perceptible material expressions of internal and cross-border migration in South Africa. New arrivals, drawn to urban centres in search of economic opportunities, find a residence in one of the high-density informal settlements dotted around the economic hub of South Africa, the Gauteng province. It is projected that an estimated 1.6 million migrants, including 48% of all immigrants in South Africa, will make Gauteng province their home by 2021 (Stats SA, 2018a). However, instead of better conditions, rural-urban and urban-urban migrants as well as undocumented and documented immigrants experience a lack of service delivery in health, education, road infrastructure, security, electricity, water and sanitation (Marutlulle, 2017). The lack of provision of basic services and resources from the government at such sites often results in community protests and translates into attacks against immigrants residing in those communities.

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Blanco, Marcos, Jorge Torres, Miguel Santos-Herrán, Luis García-Tabarés, Gustavo Navarro, Jorge Nájera, Dionisio Ramírez, and Marcos Lafoz. "Recent Advances in Direct-Drive Power Take-Off (DDPTO) Systems for Wave Energy Converters Based on Switched Reluctance Machines (SRM)." In Ocean Wave Energy Systems, 487–532. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78716-5_17.

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AbstractThis chapter is focused on Power Take-Off (PTO) systems for wave energy converters (WEC), being one of the most important elements since PTOs are responsible to transform the mechanical power captured from the waves into electricity. It presents Direct-Drive PTO (DDPTO) as one of the most reliable solutions to be adapted to some particular types of WEC, such as point absorbers. A discussion about modularity and adaptability, together with intrinsic characteristics of direct-drive PTOs, is also included. Among the different technologies of electric machines that can be used in direct-drive linear PTOs, switched reluctance machines (SRM) are described in further detail. In particular, the Azimuthal Multi-translator SRM is presented as a suitable solution in order to increase power density and reduce costs. Not only the electric machine, but also the associated power electronics are described in detail. The description includes the different configurations and topologies of power converters and the most appropriate control strategies. Finally, a superconducting linear generator solution is described, presenting it as a reliable alternative for the application of direct-drive PTOs. An example of concept and preliminary design is included in order to highlight the main challenges to be faced during this process.

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Raimondi, Alberto, and Laura Rosini. "Adaptive “Velari”." In The Urban Book Series, 783–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_70.

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AbstractAs it is known, the global phenomenon of rising temperatures causes uncomfortable and often harmful conditions for human beings living in moderate-climate zones, such as the Mediterranean area, especially in the hottest periods. Examinations of metropolitan cities can witness that high temperatures generate Urban Heat Island (UHI), due to population, buildings, vehicles and human activities in general. With the increase of rising temperatures in the latest decades, people living in big cities have gotten used to tackling heat discomfort with electricity charged cooling systems. As a result, the energy consumption for air-conditioning causes UHIs’ effects to further grow. It is scientifically confirmed that the behavioral habit of relying on artificially generated cold whenever temperatures rise will eventually make the climate crisis more problematic in the near future. Energy communities are used to producing, storing and consuming energy on site; therefore, power sources must be in close proximity to users. Albeit neglected in the Modern Era, the most proximate and sustainable energy supply is directly available to us: sunlight. The origin of hot temperatures, discomfort and energy waste is, indeed, the most exploitable power generator men can access to. In Southern Europe or Middle East cities, the use of veils as urban-scale shading devices is part of the consolidated tradition; a well-known example can be found in the Spanish city of Sevilla, where textile curtains named “Sevillans” are stretched between buildings. At the present time, we’re witnessing that the climate mitigation action of shading systems can be pursued in combination with energy production, with the development of membrane integrated flexible photovoltaic cells (PV). Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, designed by the Foster Studio, or the Solar trees of the German pavilion at EXPO 2015 in Milan and the Promenade of the EXPO 2021 in Dubai are some innovative yet relevant cases. The use of PV cells for sun-shielding purposes is optimal to respond to a double-sided problem with a single object. Manufacturing an adaptive velario using composite fibers (i-Mesh), could both allow us to design the shape and modulate the density of integrated PV cells as needed. Method: To identify the best position for the adaptive tensile canopies, it is necessary to superimpose different site-specific data: temperatures in the urban area, in particular close to buildings; surfaces that receive most of the daytime radiation; sunlight and ventilation. To develop the most suitable solutions to many environmental scenarios, three-dimensional simulations performed with virtual models must be used both at urban (Envimet) and at building scale (in-Sight). Expected results: An algorithm capable of determining the “Velari” best position and the proper shading/density factor. A model, applied to a case study in Rome, to serve an evaluation of the benefits of this technology in terms of decreasing surface temperatures of external horizontal and vertical surfaces of buildings and streets.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "ELECTRICITY DENSITY"

Wernsman, B. "Optical Cavity Effects on TPV Efficiency and Power Density." In THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY: Fifth Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1539383.

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Zheng, Kedi, Yi Wang, Qixin Chen, and Yuanpeng Li. "Electricity theft detecting based on density-clustering method." In 2017 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2017.8378347.

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Noreen, Darryl L., and Honghua Du. "High power density thermophotovoltaic energy conversion." In The first NREL conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47036.

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Kushch, Aleksandr S., and Steven M. Skinner. "High power density AEM combustion for TPV applications." In Fourth NREL conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.57835.

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Emelin, S., C. Gaudin, N. Hadj-SaD, R. Caire, and J. Merley. "Correlation between load density and voltage drop." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.0883.

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Fraas, Lewis, Mitch Groeneveld, Galen Magendanz, and Paul Custard. "A single TPV cell power density and efficiency measurement technique." In Fourth NREL conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.57811.

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Hable, M. "Distribution network planning for high load density areas." In 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0763.

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Heinzel, Andreas, Joachim Luther, Gunther Stollwerck, and Matthias Zenker. "Efficiency and power density potential of thermophotovoltaic systems using low bandgap photovoltaic cells." In Fourth NREL conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.57788.

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Gao, Yan, Yang Ren Gang, and Wei Li. "A spatial load density forecasting method based on cloud theory and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process." In 2012 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2012.6508534.

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Kornatka, Miroslaw. "The weighted kernel density estimation methods for analysing reliability of electricity supply." In 2016 17th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2016.7521729.

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