Статті в журналах: "Electrically conductive polymer composites"

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Gao, Xiaolong, Yao Huang, Xiaoxiang He, Xiaojing Fan, Ying Liu, Hong Xu, Daming Wu, and Chaoying Wan. "Mechanically Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Composites by a Hot Embossing Process." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010056.

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Electrically conductive polymer composites are in high demand for modern technologies, however, the intrinsic brittleness of conducting conjugated polymers and the moderate electrical conductivity of engineering polymer/carbon composites have highly constrained their applications. In this work, super high electrical conductive polymer composites were produced by a novel hot embossing design. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites containing short carbon fiber (SCF) exhibited an electrical percolation threshold at 0.45 wt % and reached a saturated electrical conductivity of 49 S/m at 8 wt % of SCF. When reducing the sample thickness from 1.0 to 0.1 mm by the hot embossing process, a compression-induced percolation threshold occurred at 0.3 wt %, while the electrical conductivity was further enhanced to 378 S/m at 8 wt % SCF. Furthermore, the addition of a second nanofiller of 1 wt %, such as carbon nanotube or conducting carbon black, further increased the electrical conductivity of the PDMS/SCF (8 wt %) composites to 909 S/m and 657 S/m, respectively. The synergy of the densified conducting filler network by the mechanical compression and the hierarchical micro-/nano-scale filler approach has realized super high electrically conductive, yet mechanically flexible, polymer composites for modern flexible electronics applications.

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Augustyn, Piotr, Piotr Rytlewski, Krzysztof Moraczewski, and Adam Mazurkiewicz. "A review on the direct electroplating of polymeric materials." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 27 (June 24, 2021): 14881–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06246-w.

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AbstractThis work is a review of the literature on the possibilities for electroplating of polymer materials. Methods of metalizing polymers and their composites were presented and discussed. Information from various publications on the electrical properties of polymers and polymer composites was collected and discussed. The most important results on the electroplating of conductive polymers and conductive composites were presented and compared. This work especially focuses on the electrical conductivity of polymer materials. The main focus was the efficiency of metal electrodeposition. Based on the analyzed publications, it was found that electrically deposited metal layers on conductive polymeric materials show discontinuity, considerable roughness, and different layer thickness depending on the distance from the contact electrode. The use of metal nanoparticles (AgNWs) or nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) as a filler enables effective metallization of the polymer composite. Due to the high aspect ratio, it is possible to lower the percolation threshold with a low filler content in the polymer matrix. The presented review reveals many of the problems associated with the effectiveness of the electroplating methods. It indicates the need and direction for further research and development in the field of electroplating of polymer materials and modification of their electrical properties.

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Joshi, Aparna M., and Anjali A. Athawale. "Electrically Conductive Silicone/Organic Polymer Composites." Silicon 6, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-013-9171-1.

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Lee, Biing-Lin. "Electrically conductive polymer composites and blends." Polymer Engineering and Science 32, no. 1 (January 1992): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320107.

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Tashkinov, M. A., A. D. Dobrydneva, V. P. Matveenko, and V. V. Silberschmidt. "Modeling the Effective Conductive Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with a Random Arrangement of Graphene Oxide Particles." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2021.2.15.

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Сomposite materials are widely used in various industrial sectors, for example, in the aviation, marine and automotive industries, civil engineering and others. Methods based on measuring the electrical conductivity of a composite material have been actively developed to detect internal damage in polymer composite materials, such as matrix cracking, delamination, and other types of defects, which make it possible to monitor a composite’s state during its entire service life. Polymers are often used as matrices in composite materials. However, almost always pure polymers are dielectrics. The addition of nanofillers, such as graphene and its derivatives, has been successfully used to create conductive composites based on insulating polymers. The final properties of nanomodified composites can be influenced by many factors, including the type and intrinsic properties of nanoscale objects, their dispersion in the polymer matrix, and interphase interactions. The work deals with modeling of effective electric conductive properties of the representative volume elements of nanoscale composites based on a polymer matrix with graphene oxide particles distributed in it. In particular, methods for evaluating effective, electrically conductive properties have been studied, finite element modelling of representative volumes of polymer matrices with graphene oxide particles have been performed, and the influence of the tunneling effect and the orientation of inclusions on the conductive properties of materials have been investigated. The possibility of using models of resistive strain gauges operating on the principle of the tunneling effect is studied. Based on the finite-element modeling and graph theory tools, we created approaches for estimating changes in the conductive properties of the representative volume elements of a nanomodified matrix subjected to mechanical loading.

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Rivière, Pauline, Tiina E. Nypelö, Michael Obersriebnig, Henry Bock, Marcus Müller, Norbert Mundigler, and Rupert Wimmer. "Unmodified multi-wall carbon nanotubes in polylactic acid for electrically conductive injection-moulded composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 12 (May 23, 2016): 1615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716649651.

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Tailoring the properties of natural polymers such as electrical conductivity is vital to widen the range of future applications. In this article, the potential of electrically conducting multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polylactic acid (PLA) composites produced by industrially viable melt mixing is assessed simultaneously to MWCNT influence on the composite’s mechanical strength and polymer crystallinity. Atomic force microscopy observations showed that melt mixing achieved an effective distribution and individualization of unmodified nanotubes within the polymer matrix. However, as a trade-off of the poor tube/matrix adhesion, the tensile strength was lowered. With 10 wt% MWCNT loading, the tensile strength was 26% lower than for neat PLA. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements indicated that polymer crystallization after injection moulding was nearly unaffected by the presence of nanotubes and remained at 15%. The resulting composites became conductive below 5 wt% loading and reached conductivities of 51 S m−1 at 10 wt%, which is comparable with conductivities reported for similar nanocomposites obtained at lab scale.

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Lebedev, Sergey M., Olga S. Gefle, Ernar T. Amitov, Mikhail R. Predtechensky, and Alexander E. Bezrodny. "Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composites." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.569.

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Novel electrically conductive SWCNT-reinforced composites were studied in this work. Incorporating SWCNT into CB/polymer composites provides lowering the percolation threshold. Adding a small quantity of single-walled carbon nanotubes into CB/polymer composites allows reducing CB content in electrically conductive composites and improving rheological and processing properties.

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Araya-Hermosilla, Esteban, Alice Giannetti, Guilherme Macedo R. Lima, Felipe Orozco, Francesco Picchioni, Virgilio Mattoli, Ranjita K. Bose, and Andrea Pucci. "Thermally Switchable Electrically Conductive Thermoset rGO/PK Self-Healing Composites." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030339.

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Among smart materials, self-healing is one of the most studied properties. A self-healing polymer can repair the cracks that occurred in the structure of the material. Polyketones, which are high-performance thermoplastic polymers, are a suitable material for a self-healing mechanism: a furanic pendant moiety can be introduced into the backbone and used as a diene for a temperature reversible Diels-Alder reaction with bismaleimide. The Diels-Alder adduct is formed at around 50 °C and broken at about 120 °C, giving an intrinsic, stimuli-responsive self-healing material triggered by temperature variations. Also, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is added to the polymer matrix (1.6–7 wt%), giving a reversible OFF-ON electrically conductive polymer network. Remarkably, the electrical conductivity is activated when reaching temperatures higher than 100 °C, thus suggesting applications as electronic switches based on self-healing soft devices.

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Zhang, A. Ying, and Hai Bao Lu. "The Synthesis of Electrically Actuated Shape Memory Polymer Composites Reinforced by Nanopaper." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.250.

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A method of synthesizing the FLG/CNF nanopaper on hydrophilic polycarbonate membrane was investigated. The synergistic effect of few-layer graphene (FLG) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) on the electrical conductivity of shape-memory polymer (SMP) composites reinforced by the FLG/CNF nanopaper was explored. The conductive FLG/CNF nanopaper facilitates the actuation in SMP composite induced by electrically resistive heating. The heat conduction in a nanopaper depends greatly on FLG/CNF network formation. The morphology and structure of the FLG/CNF nanopaper are characterized with scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The flat surface and tunable network structures observed from the microscopic images indicate that the FLG/CNF nanopaper could have highly conductive property. Detailed structural characterization indicates that the three-dimensional networks of nanopaper, result in both the reduction of thermal contact resistance and the enhancement of conductive property along the thickness.

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Khoerunnisa, Fitri, Hendrawan Hendrawan, Yaya Sonjaya, and Rizki Deli Hasanah. "Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Polymer of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Glutaraldehyde/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Preparation and Characterization." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26620.

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Electrically conductive nanocomposites polymer of poly(vinyl alcohol)/PVA, glutaraldehyde (GA) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been successfully synthesized. The polymer nanocomposites were prepared by mixing PVA, GA (crosslinker), and MWCNT dispersion with an aid of ultrasonic homogenizer at 50 °C. The content of MWCNT, in particular, was varied in order to determine the effect of MWCNT on electrical conductivity of polymer composites. The polymer mixture was casted into a disc to obtain thin film. The electrical conductivity, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of the composites film were investigated by means of four probes method, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM, AFM, and tensile strength measurement, respectively. It was found that the optimum composition of PVA (10%): GA (1%): MWCNT (1%) was 20:20:3 in volume ratio. The addition of MWCNT induced the electrically conductive network on polymer matrix where the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites film significantly increased up to 8.28 x 10-2 S/sq due to reduction of the contact resistance between conductive filler. Additionally, the mechanical strength of nanocomposites polymer were significantly increased as a result of MWCNT addition. Modification of morphological structure of composite film as indicated by FTIR spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, SEM, and AFM images verified the effective MWCNT filler network in the polymer matrix.

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Nocke, A. "Polymer composite based microbolometers." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-127-2013.

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Abstract. This work focuses on the basic suitability assessment of polymeric materials and the corresponding technological methods for the production of infrared (micro-) bolometer arrays. The sensitive layer of the microbolometer arrays in question is composed of an electrically conductive polymer composite. Semi-conducting tellurium and vanadium dioxide, as well as metallic silver, are evaluated concerning their suitability as conductive filling agents. The composites with the semi-conducting filling agents display the higher temperature dependence of electrical resistance, while the silver composites exhibit better noise performance. The particle alignment – homogeneous and chain-shaped alike – within the polymer matrix is characterized regarding the composites' electrical properties. For the production of microbolometer arrays, a technology chain is introduced based on established coat-forming and structuring standard technologies from the field of polymer processing, which are suitable for the manufacture of a number of parallel structures. To realize the necessary thermal isolation of the sensitive area, all pixels are realized as self-supporting structures by means of the sacrificial layer method. Exemplarily, 2 × 2 arrays with the three filling agents were manufactured. The resulting sensor responsivities lie in the range of conventional microbolometers. Currently, the comparatively poor thermal isolation of the pixels and the high noise levels are limiting sensor quality. For the microbolometers produced, the thermal resolution limit referring to the temperature of the object to be detected (NETD) has been measured at 6.7 K in the superior sensitive composite layer filled with silver particles.

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Mikitaev, Muslim A., V. A. Borisov, Ismel V. Musov, Azamat L. Slonov, and Diana M. Khakulova. "Electrical Properties of Composites Based on Low-Pressure Polyethylene and Carbon-Containing Fillers." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.720.

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We have obtained polymer composites based on low-pressure polyethylene and carbon-containing fillers: carbon black, carbon nanotubes. The electrical properties of the obtained polymer composites have been investigated. Obtained polymer composites have electrically conductive properties. This article shows that the electrical properties significantly depend on the concentration, type of carbon-containing filler, as well as on temperature and voltage. It was found that containment of a certain amount of carbon-containing fillers leads to a formation of conductive paths composites, leading to the manifestation of a positive temperature coefficient in electrical resistance by the material.

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Zakaria, Mohd Yusuf, Hendra Suherman, Jaafar Sahari, and Abu Bakar Sulong. "Effect of Mixing Parameter on Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Black/Graphite/Epoxy Nanocomposite Using Taguchi Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.68.

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Polymer composite has attracted many researchers from various field of application due to its unique features and properties including light weight, low cost, ease to process and shaping and corrosion resistant [1-3]. Fillers is typically added to enhance the chemical and physical properties of polymers [4, 5]. One of the properties is the electrical conductivity. Carbon based filler such as graphite (G), carbon black (CB), carbon fibers (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been extensively used to improve electrical properties of polymer composite [6-8]. Electrical properties of the composite can be explained from percolation theory which means electrical percolation in mixtures of electrically conducting and non-conducting materials [9]. The concentration of conducting phase must above the critical value called percolation threshold, in order for the material become electrically conductive [10].

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Luo, Hongsheng, Xingdong Zhou, Yuncheng Xu, Huaquan Wang, Yongtao Yao, Guobin Yi, and Zhifeng Hao. "Multi-stimuli triggered self-healing of the conductive shape memory polymer composites." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2017-0032.

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Purpose This paper aims to exploit shape-memory polymers as self-healable materials. The underlying mechanism involved the thermal transitions as well as the enrichment of the healing reagents and the closure of the crack surfaces due to shape recovery. The multi-stimuli-triggered shape memory composite was capable of self-healing under not only direct thermal but also electrical stimulations. Design/methodology/approach The shape memory epoxy polymer composites comprising the AgNWs and poly (ε-caprolactone) were fabricated by dry transfer process. The morphologies of the composites were investigated by the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical conduction and the Joule heating effect were measured. Furthermore, the healing efficiency under the different stimuli was calculated, whose dependence on the compositions was also discussed. Findings The AgNWs network maintained most of the pathways for the electrons transportation after the dry transfer process, leading to a superior conduction and flexibility. Consequently, the composites could trigger the healing within several minutes, as applied with relatively low voltages. It was found that the composites having more the AgNWs content had better electrically triggered performance, while 50 per cent poly (ε-caprolactone) content endowed the materials with max healing efficiency under thermal or electrical stimuli. Research limitations/implications The findings may greatly benefit the application of the intelligent polymers in the fields of the multifunctional flexible electronics. Originality/value Most studies have by far emphasized on the direct thermal triggered cases. Herein, a novel, flexible and conductive shape memory-based composite, which was capable of self-healing under the thermal or electrical stimulations, has been proposed.

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Krieg, Aaron S., Julia A. King, David C. Jaszczak, Ibrahim Miskoglu, Owen P. Mills, and Gregory M. Odegard. "Tensile and conductivity properties of epoxy composites containing carbon black and graphene nanoplatelets." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 28 (April 26, 2018): 3909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318771460.

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Adding conductive fillers to an insulating polymer matrix produces composites with unique properties. Varying amounts of carbon black (0.33, 0.67, and 1 wt%) and graphene nanoplatelets (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) were added to epoxy. In addition, a few carbon black/graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy formulations were also fabricated. The conductivity and tensile properties were determined and analyzed. The single filler composites containing 5 and 10 wt% graphene nanoplatelet and 0.33 wt% carbon black could be used for electrically insulating applications. Composites containing 15 and 20 wt% graphene nanoplatelet could be used for static dissipative applications. The following composites could be used for semi-conductive applications: 0.67 wt% carbon black/epoxy, 1 wt% carbon black/epoxy, 0.33 wt% carbon black/5 wt% graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy, and 0.33 wt% carbon black/10 wt% graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy. At the 95% confidence level, the combination of 0.33 wt% carbon black with 5 wt% graphene nanoplatelet caused the composite electrical resistivity (1/electrical conductivity) to significantly decrease from ∼1015 ohm-cm to ∼104 ohm-cm. It is likely that the highly branched, high surface area carbon black is forming an electrically conductive network with graphene nanoplatelets. Concerning single filler composites, adding ≤1 wt% carbon black did not significantly lower the composite tensile strain; however, adding graphene nanoplatelet did decrease tensile strain and increase modulus. One possible application for the 10 wt% graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy composite is in Polymer Core Composite Conductors for power transmission lines, which need to be electrically insulating, have improved thermal conductivity (increased from 0.2 to 0.3 W/m-K), increased tensile modulus (increased from 2.7 to 3.3 GPa), and good tensile strength (70 MPa) and strain (3.3%).

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Trommer, Kristin, Bernd Morgenstern, and Carina Petzold. "Preparing of Heatable, CNT-Functionalized Polymer Membranes for Application in Textile Composites." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.67.

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The electrically induced heating of textile composite materials is already applied in the clothing and outdoor use. However, making thin, flexible and washable heating layers remains a challenge. Based on various polymers thin electrically heatable polymer sheets were developed using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as electrically conductive fillers in silicone, polyurethane as well as polyvinylchloride. To prepare the membranes a knife coating process was applied. The viscosity of the polymer masses, the particle alignment, the percolation as well as the electrically and heating properties of the membranes were investigated.

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Brigandi, Paul J., Jeffrey M. Cogen, and Raymond A. Pearson. "Electrically conductive multiphase polymer blend carbon-based composites." Polymer Engineering & Science 54, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.23530.

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Nadeem, QuratulAin, Muhammad Rizwan, Rohama Gill, Muhammad Rafique, and Muhammad Shahid. "Fabrication of alumina based electrically conductive polymer composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 133, no. 5 (September 29, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.42939.

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Jiménez, Laura, A. M. Rocha, I. Aranberri, José A. Covas, and A. P. Catarino. "Electrically Conductive Monofilaments for Smart Textiles." Advances in Science and Technology 60 (September 2008): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.60.58.

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The main objective of this work is to develop conductive yarns to be used as electrical wiring in e-textiles with the typical mechanical properties of a textile yarn. Present work deals with the study of conductive polymer composites filaments of PP (polypropylene) with CB (carbon black), carbon black of high conductivity (CBHC) and CF (carbon fibers) .The novelty of this work resides in creating oriented filaments using traditional fiber processing techniques together with a specially designed drafting machine. In the authors’ opinion, the composite conductivity could be improved with the orientation of the (nano)carbon-based fillers by melt drawing after extrusion in order to facilitate the flow channels creation.

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Sharma, Shubham, P. Sudhakara, Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran, Jujhar Singh, and R. A. Ilyas. "Recent Trends and Developments in Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Applications." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172898.

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Electrically-conducting polymers (CPs) were first developed as a revolutionary class of organic compounds that possess optical and electrical properties comparable to that of metals as well as inorganic semiconductors and display the commendable properties correlated with traditional polymers, like the ease of manufacture along with resilience in processing. Polymer nanocomposites are designed and manufactured to ensure excellent promising properties for anti-static (electrically conducting), anti-corrosion, actuators, sensors, shape memory alloys, biomedical, flexible electronics, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs, and adhesive applications with desired-appealing and cost-effective, functional surface coatings. The distinctive properties of nanocomposite materials involve significantly improved mechanical characteristics, barrier-properties, weight-reduction, and increased, long-lasting performance in terms of heat, wear, and scratch-resistant. Constraint in availability of power due to continuous depletion in the reservoirs of fossil fuels has affected the performance and functioning of electronic and energy storage appliances. For such reasons, efforts to modify the performance of such appliances are under way through blending design engineering with organic electronics. Unlike conventional inorganic semiconductors, organic electronic materials are developed from conducting polymers (CPs), dyes and charge transfer complexes. However, the conductive polymers are perhaps more bio-compatible rather than conventional metals or semi-conductive materials. Such characteristics make it more fascinating for bio-engineering investigators to conduct research on polymers possessing antistatic properties for various applications. An extensive overview of different techniques of synthesis and the applications of polymer bio-nanocomposites in various fields of sensors, actuators, shape memory polymers, flexible electronics, optical limiting, electrical properties (batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs), corrosion-protection and biomedical application are well-summarized from the findings all across the world in more than 150 references, exclusively from the past four years. This paper also presents recent advancements in composites of rare-earth oxides based on conducting polymer composites. Across a variety of biological and medical applications, the fact that numerous tissues were receptive to electric fields and stimuli made CPs more enticing.

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Бутенко, О. О., А. І. Місюра, Є. П. Мамуня, В. З. Барсуков та В. Г. Хоменко. "Термомеханічний аналіз електропровідних композитних матеріалів на основі полівінілбутиралю". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 138, № 5 (3 лютого 2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.5.16.

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The purpose of this work was to investigate the thermomechanical properties of electrically conductive polymer composites based on polyvinylbutyral, which can be used as shielding coatings for electronic equipment. The structure of electrically conductive polymer composites was studied using a desktop scanning electron microscope (Phenom Pro ). Investigations of the temperature dependence of the deformation of composite materials were obtained using the thermomechanical analyzer Q400 EM from TA Instruments, the USA in the temperature range from 20 to 180 ° C with a heating rate of 5 ° C/min. Indentor final zone diameter was 0.85 mm, applied force was 0.28 N, which corresponds to effort of 0,5 МPа. Composites based on polymer matrix and electrically conductive carbonaceous materials with the addition of magnetite have been developed. The thermomechanical analysis of composites was shown the structural transitions of the composite over a wide temperature range. Dependences for deformation derivate vs temperature have been analized. It was established that the introduction of carbonaceous materials as filler allows increasing the value of the equilibrium modulus of composite materials in the range of plastic deformation because the fillers limit the fluidity of the composite and as result their deformation. Thermomechanical analysis of composite materials for electromagnetic shielding was performed for the first time. The influence of the deformation resistance of the material was determinate taking in the account of nature and the amount of carbonaceous materials filler in the composite. Electroconductive composite materials with high thermomechanical stability was proposed for electromagnetic shielding protection in electronic devices.

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Badrul, Farah, Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim, MohdArif Anuar Mohd Salleh, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Nor Asiah Muhamad, Muhammad Salihin Zakaria, Nurul Afiqah Saad, and Syatirah Mohd Noor. "The Influence of Compounding Parameters on the Electrical Conductivity of LDPE/Cu Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2080, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012008.

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Abstract Low-linear density (LDPE) and copper (Cu) were used as main polymer matrix and conductive filler in order to produce electrically conductive polymer composites (CPC). The selection of the matrix and conductive filler were based on their due to its excellence properties, resistance to corrosion, low cost and electrically conductive. This research works is aimed to establish the effect of compounding parameter on the electrical conductivity of LDPE/Cu composites utilising the design of experiments (DOE). The CPCs was compounded using an internal mixer where all formulations were designed by statistical software. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the Cu conductive filler had a flake-like shape, and the electrical conductivity was found to be increased with increasing filler loading as measured using the four-point probe technique. The conductivity data obtained were then analysed by using the statistical software to establish the relationship between the compounding parameters and electrical conductivity where it was found based that the compounding parameters have had an effect on the conductivity of the CPC.

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Kypta, Chadwick J., Brian A. Young, Anthony Santamaria, and Adam S. Hollinger. "Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Filled Polymer Composites for Direct Injection Molding of Bipolar Plates." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (October 9, 2022): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401457mtgabs.

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Fuel cell bipolar plates are commonly fabricated from graphite and stainless steel, however machining intricate channels into these materials can be a costly and time-consuming process. For this reason, we are exploring injection molding of polymer composite bipolar plates. Polymer composites offer the potential for lightweight, low-cost plates [1]. Several factors impact the ability of a polymer composite to conduct electricity. The geometry, filler weight percentage, dispersion, and the physical properties of the fillers are important in forming an electrical pathway through the composite. In this study, polymer composites based on nylon were injection molded with different weight percentages of conductive filler. Initially, carbon fiber was added to nylon at weight percentages ranging from 10 to 50%. Results show that the percolation threshold for carbon fiber in nylon occurs around 25 wt%. While carbon fiber loadings beyond 50 wt% would further increase conductivity, the increased viscosity of the polymer blends can inhibit proper injection molding. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were then added to the direct injection-molded nylon/carbon fiber composites to investigate the synergistic effects of multiple conductive fillers [2]. By introducing carbon nanotubes into the polymer matrix, the nanotubes act as a bridge between the carbon fibers. SEM images show that the MWCNTs fill the void between each fiber due to their smaller size and their ease of dispersion. This bridging creates more conductive pathways within the composite, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity. Samples with MWCNTs reached conductivities nearing the United States Department of Energy technical target for bipolar plate conductivity (> 100 S/cm). Mighri, F.; Huneault, M. A.; Champagne, M. F., Electrically conductive thermoplastic blends for injection and compression molding of bipolar plates in the fuel cell application. Polymer Engineering and Science 2004, 44 (9), 1755-1765. Zameroski, R.; Kypta, C. J.; Young, B. A.; Sanei, S. H. R.; Hollinger, A. S., Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Injection-Molded MWCNT-Reinforced Polyamide 66 Hybrid Composites. Journal of Composites Science 2020, 4 (4), 14. Figure 1

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Marischal, Cayla, Lemort, Campagne, and Devaux. "Selection of Immiscible Polymer Blends Filled with Carbon Nanotubes for Heating Applications." Polymers 11, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111827.

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In many application fields, such as medicine or sports, heating textiles use electrically conductive multifilaments. This multifilament can be developed from conductive polymer composites (CPC), which are blends of an insulating polymer filled with electrically conductive particles. However, this multifilament must have filler content above the percolation threshold, which leads to an increase of the viscosity and problems during the melt spinning process. Immiscible blends between two polymers (one being a CPC) can be used to allow the reduction of the global filler content if each polymer is co-continuous with a selective localization of the fillers in only one polymer. In this study, three immiscible blends were developed between polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyamide 6 and a filled polycaprolactone with carbon nanotubes. The morphology of each blend at different ratios was studied using models of co-continuity and prediction of fillers localization according to viscosity, interfacial energy, elastic modulus, and loss factor of each polymer. This theoretical approach was compared to experimental values to find out differences between methods. The electrical properties (electrical conductivity and Joule effect) were also studied. The co-continuity, the selective localization in the polycaprolactone, and the Joule effect were only exhibited by the polypropylene/filled polycaprolactone 50/50 wt.%.

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Liu, Hu, Qianming Li, Shuaidi Zhang, Rui Yin, Xianhu Liu, Yuxin He, Kun Dai, et al. "Electrically conductive polymer composites for smart flexible strain sensors: a critical review." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 45 (2018): 12121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04079f.

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26

Chiappazzi, Nicholas A., Chadwick J. Kypta, Gregory R. Schriner, Brian A. Young, Anthony D. Santamaria, and Adam S. Hollinger. "Electrically-Conductive Polymer Composites for Injection-Molded Bipolar Plates." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 68 (November 23, 2020): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-02683620mtgabs.

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27

Huang, Yao, Semen Kormakov, Xiaoxiang He, Xiaolong Gao, Xiuting Zheng, Ying Liu, Jingyao Sun, and Daming Wu. "Conductive Polymer Composites from Renewable Resources: An Overview of Preparation, Properties, and Applications." Polymers 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020187.

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Анотація:

This article reviews recent advances in conductive polymer composites from renewable resources, and introduces a number of potential applications for this material class. In order to overcome disadvantages such as poor mechanical properties of polymers from renewable resources, and give renewable polymer composites better electrical and thermal conductive properties, various filling contents and matrix polymers have been developed over the last decade. These natural or reusable filling contents, polymers, and their composites are expected to greatly reduce the tremendous pressure of industrial development on the natural environment while offering acceptable conductive properties. The unique characteristics, such as electrical/thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, biodegradability and recyclability of renewable conductive polymer composites has enabled them to be implemented in many novel and exciting applications including chemical sensors, light-emitting diode, batteries, fuel cells, heat exchangers, biosensors etc. In this article, the progress of conductive composites from natural or reusable filling contents and polymer matrices, including (1) natural polymers, such as starch and cellulose, (2) conductive filler, and (3) preparation approaches, are described, with an emphasis on potential applications of these bio-based conductive polymer composites. Moreover, several commonly-used and innovative methods for the preparation of conductive polymer composites are also introduced and compared systematically.

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28

Martyniuk, G. V., and O. I. Aksimentyeva. "Percolation phenomena in the polymer composites with conducting polymer fillers." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.4.811-816.

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The electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites based on dielectric polymer matrices of different types and electrically conductive polymer fillers – polyortotoluidine, polyorthoanisidine and polyaniline have been studied. It is shown that the concentration dependence of the specific conductivity on the content of fillers has a percolation character with a low “percolation threshold”, which depends on the nature of the polymer matrix and polyaminoarene and is 1.7-10.0 vol.%. The calculated critical parameters of electroconductivity are characteristic of the formation of an infinite 3-dimensional cluster of conductivity and indicate a significant influence of the nature of the components and morphology of the material on the charge transfer processes in such systems.

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29

Yang, Liyi, Minmin Zheng, Fan Ge, Hui Ma, and Wei Wang. "Improved thermal conductivity of epoxy composites via linked boron nitride nanosheets with in-situ generated silver nanoparticles." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221110143.

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Thermal management plays an important role in electrical and electronic systems. Owing to both excellent thermal conduction and electrical insulation, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are particularly attractive as fillers in polymer composites. While the thermal properties rely on the connection of BNNSs in polymer matrices significantly. Herein, BNNSs absorbed with silver acetate and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (Ag (2E4MI)2Ac) complex were prepared as thermal conductive fillers for epoxy resin. During the cure of matrix, nano silver ions were in-situ reduced, sintered and bridged individual BNNSs together. Therefore, thermal contact resistance between BNNSs decreased and thermal conducting networks were effectively constructed. The thermal conductivity increased from 1.26 W/mK for the composites only with BNNSs to 2.35 W/mK for the composites with BNNS/[Ag (2E4MI)2Ac] hybrids at 20 vol% BNNSs content. Fitting the measured thermal conductivity results indicated that the thermal contact resistance between fillers decreased with the connections by sintered silver. In addition, the electrically insulating properties of the composites were well preserved and the tensile strength of the composites containing sintered silver interconnects was obviously improved.

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30

Ofoegbu, Stanley, Mário Ferreira, and Mikhail Zheludkevich. "Galvanically Stimulated Degradation of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Critical Review." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040651.

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Carbon is used as a reinforcing phase in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites employed in aeronautical and other technological applications. Under polarization in aqueous media, which can occur on galvanic coupling of carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) with metals in multi-material structures, degradation of the composite occurs. These degradative processes are intimately linked with the electrically conductive nature and surface chemistry of carbon. This review highlights the potential corrosion challenges in multi-material combinations containing carbon-fiber reinforced polymers, the surface chemistry of carbon, its plausible effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon, and consequently the degradation processes on carbon-fiber reinforced polymers. The implications of the emerging use of conductive nano-fillers (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) in the modification of CFRPs on galvanically stimulated degradation of CFRP is accentuated. The problem of galvanic coupling of CFRP with selected metals is set into perspective, and insights on potential methods for mitigation and monitoring the degradative processes in these composites are highlighted.

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31

Ko, Eun Bin, Dong-Eun Lee, and Keun-Byoung Yoon. "Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Composed of Styrene–Acrylonitrile Copolymer and rGO via Free-Radical Polymerization." Polymers 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061221.

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The polymerizable reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) grafted styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer composites were prepared via free radical polymerization. The graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was reacted with 3-(tri-methoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (MPS) and used as monomer to graft styrene and acrylonitrile on its surface. The successful modification and reduction of GO was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Raman and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mRGO was prepared using chemical and solvothermal reduction methods. The effect of the reduction method on the composite properties and nanosheet distribution in the polymer matrix was studied. The thermal stability, electrical conductivity and morphology of nanocomposites were studied. The electrical conductivity of the obtained nanocomposite was very high at 0.7 S/m. This facile free radical polymerization provides a convenient route to achieve excellent dispersion and electrically conductive polymers.

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32

Buys, Yose Fachmi, and Nor Afiza Syafina Lokman. "Conductive Polymer Composites from Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Filled with Carbon Black." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.253.

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In order to develop environmentally friendly conductive polymer composites, polylactic acid (PLA) was melt blended with natural rubber (NR), with addition of carbon black (CB) as the conductive filler. It was found that the PLA/NR blends were immiscible, and the sea-island and co-continuous morphological structures were observed at PLA/NR with ratio of 80/20 vol% and 60/40 vol% respectively. Addition of CB to 60/40 PLA/NR matrix, brought the composites to become electrically conductive at CB content of 2 phr. It was also found that the impact strength of PLA/NR/CB composite is better than that of the neat PLA.

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33

Skipina, Blanka, Dusko Dudic, Dusan Kostoski, and Jablan Dojcilovic. "Dielectrical properties of composites LDPE+CB." Chemical Industry 64, no. 3 (2010): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind091221035s.

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There is currently great interest in the technological properties of conductive polymer composites because their cost-performance balance. They have a wide range of industrial applications -in anti-static materials, self regulating heaters, current overload and overheating protection devices, and materials for electromagnetic radiation shielding. Measurements of the electrical properties of polymer composites are one of the most convenient and sensitive methods for studying polymer structure. A polymer composite differs substantially from a free polymer in a wide range of properties. The presence of filler affects both the electrical, as well as mechanical properties. One of the most important characteristics of conductive polymer composites is that their electrical conductivity increases nonlinearly with the increase of the concentration of filler particles. When the concentration of filler particles reaches a certain critical value, a drastic transition from an electrical insulator to a conductor is exhibited. This conductivity behavior resulting in a sudden insulator-conductor transition is ascribed to a percolation process, and the critical filler concentration at which the conductivity jump occurs is called ?percolation threshold?. In the past few years, a lot of studies have been carried out to analyze the percolation phenomenon and mechanisms of the conductive behavior in conductive polymer composites. It has been established that the electrical conductivity of conductive polymer composites uncommonly depends on the temperature. Some of such composites show a sharp increase and/or decrease in electrical conductivity at specific temperatures. The conductive temperature coefficient (CTC) of conductive polymer composites has been widely investigated. In these work we investigated how concentration of the CB affects the dielectrical properties of the composite LDPE+CB. The ac electrical conductivity, ?ac, for such composites was measured. The temperature and frequency dependence of the dissipation factor were analyzed. It was found that the ac conductivity and dissipation factor were highly affected by the concentration of the filler.

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34

Rybak, Andrzej, Lukasz Malinowski, Agnieszka Adamus-Wlodarczyk, and Piotr Ulanski. "Thermally Conductive Shape Memory Polymer Composites Filled with Boron Nitride for Heat Management in Electrical Insulation." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132191.

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The evaluation of a possible application of functional shrinkable materials in thermally conductive electrical insulation elements was investigated. The effectiveness of an electron beam and gamma radiation on the crosslinking of a selected high density polyethylene grade was analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The crosslinked polymer composites filled with ceramic particles were successfully fabricated and tested. On the basis of the performed investigation, it was concluded that the selected filler, namely a boron nitride powder, is suitable for the preparation of the crosslinked polymer composites with enhanced thermal conductivity. The shape memory effect was fully observed in the crosslinked samples with a recovery factor reaching nearly 99%. There was no significant influence of the crosslinking, stretching, and recovery of the polymer composite during shape memory phenomenon on the value of thermal conductivity. The proposed boron nitride filled polyethylene composite subjected to crosslinking is a promising candidate for fabrication of thermally shrinkable material with enhanced heat dissipation functionality for application as electrically insulating components.

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35

Araya-Hermosilla, Esteban Alejandro, Marco Carlotti, Francesco Picchioni, Virgilio Mattoli, and Andrea Pucci. "Electrically-Conductive Polyketone Nanocomposites Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040923.

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In this work, we investigated the functionalization of polyketone 30 (PK30) with glycyl-glycine (Gly-Gly) via the Paal–Knorr reaction with the aim of homogenously dispersing two types of reduced graphene oxide (rGO, i.e., lrGO and hrGO, the former characterized by a lower degree of reduction in comparison to the latter) by non-covalent interactions. The functional PK30-Gly-Gly polymer was effective in preparing composites with homogeneously distributed rGO characterized by an effective percolation threshold at 5 wt. %. All the composites showed a typical semiconductive behavior and stable electrical response after several heating/cooling cycles from 30 to 115 °C. Composites made by hrGO displayed the same resistive behaviour even if flanked by a considerable improvement on conductivity, in agreement with the more reduced rGO content. Interestingly, no permanent percolative network was shown by the composite with 4 wt. % of lrGO at temperatures higher than 45 °C. This material can be used as an ON–OFF temperature sensor and could find interesting applications as sensing material in soft robotics applications.

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36

Markov, A. V., and A. S. Chizhov. "Self-Regulating Electrically Conductive Materials Based on Polyethylene Compositions with UHMWPE and Carbon Black." Fine Chemical Technologies 14, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-2-60-69.

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Electrically conductive composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) / ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blends filled with carbon black were studied. The work is a part of the research of electrically conductive materials for the manufacture of self-regulating polymer heaters. In this work, the authors investigated composites based on HDPE/UHMWPE (molecular mass of ~ 7 million) blends filled with carbon black (average particle size ~ 20 nm). The goal of the work was to obtain a self-regulating electrically conductive polymer material with optimal thermoelectric characteristics and high heat resistance. It was shown that the effect of adding UHMWPE to the HDPE/carbon black composites on the thermoelectric behavior of the resulting material was similar to cross-linking. This reduced the undesirable effect of the negative thermal coefficient (NTC) of the electrical resistance. In addition, the heat resistance of the material at elevated temperatures was increased. This makes it possible to exclude the radiation or chemical cross-linking in the manufacture of self-regulating polymer heating elements. The rheological, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of HDPE/carbon black composites modified with UHMWPE were also studied. It was found that a diffusion interphase layer with a reduced fluidity in the melt of HDPE/UHMWPE blends was formed. It was established that self-regulating composites containing 30–40% of UHMWPE had the best operational properties. We can recommend the methods of extrusion and injection molding for the processing of HDPE/carbon black composites mixed with 30% UHMWPE, and the pressing method in case of UHMWPE content of 40%. The ability of the composites to be molded is sharply reduced at higher contents of UHMWPE.

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37

Badrul, Farah, Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim, Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh, Mohd Firdaus Omar, Azlin Fazlina Zakaria, Nor Asiah Muhamad, and Muhammad Salihin Zakaria. "Preliminary investigation on the correlation between mechanical properties and conductivity of low-density polyethylene/carbon black (LDPE/CB) conductive polymer composite (CPC)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2169, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2169/1/012020.

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Abstract The insulating nature of a polymer can be changed to electrically conductive by incorporating conductive fillers within the polymer matrix to form a conductive polymer composite (CPC). One of the potential application of CPCs are in the area of flexible electronic interconnect application. Nevertheless, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of CPCs such as tensile was found to be limited. Therefore, this paper is aimed to report the preliminary investigation on the correlation between conductivity and mechanical properties of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) incorporation with conductive filler which is carbon black (CB. It was observed that the tensile strength was decreased by up to 29.4% and the elongation of break was decreased by up to 90.6% at higher CB loading compared to pure LDPE. Nonetheless, the modulus of elasticity and the electrical conductivity of the composites were increased by up to 150.5% and 16.4% at higher CB loading respectively. Moreover, it was found that the effect of CB additions on the tensile modulus was greater compared to the conductivity of the CPCs.

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38

Kaplan, Müslüm, Beate Krause, and Petra Pötschke. "Polymer/CNT Composites and Filaments for Smart Textiles: Melt Mixing of Composites." Solid State Phenomena 333 (June 10, 2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3g2wph.

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Textile products are of great importance in the dissemination of newly developed communication devices and flexible electronics in conjunction with the advantages of covering the entire human body and being used all day long by all individuals in society. Various approaches have been developed to ensure the required electrical conductivity of textiles. Our research deals with melt spinning of carbon nanomaterial-based composites (CNCs) into electrically conductive filaments. By combining the various composite structures and property profiles with a conductive filler at high concentration, specific morphological structures can be achieved that offer a much higher potential for the development of new functional fibers for different smart textile applications.This study aims to produce nanocomposites from polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyethylene (PE) matrices with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) by using a small-scale mixing device that provides short mixing time, and material savings in the first stage of the research.

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39

MARTYNІUK, Galyna, and Olena AKSIMENTYEVA. "INFLUENCE OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMER FILLER ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND MICROHARDNESS OF COMPOSITES WITH DIELECTRIC POLYMERIC MATRICES." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences 2020, no. 60 (February 25, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37827/ntsh.chem.2020.60.014.

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Nowadays special attention is given to the so-called “smart-materials” or “intellectual” materials, which have the ability to purposefully change their physical and physical-chemical properties depending on changing external conditions. Conductive conjugated polymers–polyaniline (РАNi) and its derivatives may alter their properties in response to external action–exhibit sensory sensitivity, electrochromic, thermochromic and solvatochromic effects. When creating РАNi composites with industrial polymer matrices, an important issue is to determine the physical and mechanical properties, in particular, the microhardness as a material strength characteristic. The composite samples were obtained by the method of thermal pressing of highly dispersed powders of the conductive polymers dispersed in the polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied by the method of measuring microhardness and boundary microhardness on a Heppler consistometer. The determination of the electrical conductivity of the composites in the molded samples was determined by the standard 2-contact method at a temperature T = 293 K. The influence of the acid doped polyaniline (РАNi) as a conductive polymer filler on the microhardness of composites with polymer matrices of different structure (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybuthyl methacrylate (PBMA), epoxy resin ED-20) was studied. It is found that the nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymer filler depends on its content and the structure of the matrix, which is manifested in the growth of microhardness for composites PBMA–РАNi and ED-20−РАNi and its reduction for composites PVA–РАNi at the contents of the filler 5−20 %. The dielectric polymer matrix preserves the properties inherent in both high polymers (high elasticity, thermoplasticity) and the semiconductor nature of the electrical conductivity inherent in the conjugated polymers. The value of the specific conductivity of the composites obtained well correlated with changes in microhardness, which is a confirmation of the enhancing or loosening nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymeric filler.

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Xu, Run Run, Xiang Hong Wu, and Yun Long Han. "Progress in Conductive-Polymer Carbon Nanotube Composites." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.13.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) has been widely used as a kind of conductive inorganic filler in composites due to its excellent mechanical properties, thermal properties and electrical properties. Unfortunately, a deal of CNT is needed because it tends to agglomerate in matrix polymers. And therefore the researchers need to explore appropriate methods to decrease the usage of CNT for its high price. This paper summaries the recent development progress in carbon nanotube filled conductive polymer composites, in aspects of the approaches how to reduce the usage of CNT and application of biodegradable CNT-polymer composites. In addition, the future developing research direction in conductive polymer composites filled with carbon nanotube was indicated.

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41

Lebedev, O. V., M. Yu Yablokov, L. A. Mukhortov, G. P. Goncharuk, and A. N. Ozerin. "Migration of carbon nanoparticles to the surface of the melt of polymer composite material." Доклады Академии наук 489, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524894373-378.

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The results of a study of the migration of electrically conductive nanosized carbon particles of various types to the surface of the melt of the polymer composite are presented. The real-time measurement of the kinetics of changes in the electrical conductivity of the melt of the polymer composite at a constant temperature, separately for the bulk and surface components of the electrical conductivity, made it possible to identify the basic features of the process. The results obtained indicate that the formation of a surface layer of a composite saturated with electrically conductive nanoparticles is common when using filler nanoparticles with a different form factor. The role of polymer macromolecules in the kinetics of migration of carbon nanoparticles to the melt surface of a polymer composite material is discussed.

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42

Ishkov, A. V., and A. M. Sagalakov. "Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites Based on Non-stoichiometric Titanium Nitrides." International Polymer Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 2006): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0603300116.

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43

Khan, Shaheryar A., and Ismail Lazoglu. "Development of additively manufacturable and electrically conductive graphite–polymer composites." Progress in Additive Manufacturing 5, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40964-019-00102-9.

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Ali, Amjad, Mirza Nadeem Ahmad, Tajamal Hussain, Ahmad Naveed, Tariq Aziz, Mobashar Hassan, and Li Guo. "Materials Innovations in 2D-filler Reinforced Dielectric Polymer Composites." Materials Innovations 02, no. 02 (2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54738/mi.2022.2202.

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Анотація:

Polymer dielectric possess advantages of mechanical flexibility, low temperature processing, and cost. However, for practical applications dielectric constant of polymers is not high enough. To raise the dielectric constant, polymers are often composited with fillers of various morphologies (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional) and types (inorganic, organic, carbon, conductive, non-conductive). Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, ferroelectric ceramics, etc. have been discovered. These materials have excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal properties and high specific surface area, which makes these ideal materials to reinforce the properties of polymers, especially dielectric properties. Here, in this review we summarize the latest developments regarding the use of 2D fillers to improve the dielectric properties of polymer composites. We have systematically discussed synthesis of 2D materials, processing of their 2D filler/polymer composites, theoretical background of dielectric properties of these composites, and literature summary of the dielectric properties of polymer composites with various type of 2D fillers.

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Ichikawa, Mai, Masashi Otaki, and Hiromasa Goto. "Polyaniline Hybrids with Biological Tissue, and Biological Polymers as Physiological—Electroactive Materials." Micro 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro3010013.

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Анотація:

A sprout/polyaniline was synthesized via the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of natural sprout, based on a concept of cyborg plant composite. The composite consisted of both polyaniline and plants. The chemical structure was confirmed by infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements. Optical microscopy observation revealed that polyaniline was deposited into the micro-tissue of the sprout to form the conductive polymer bio-composite. Micro-optical fiber functions for the composite were visually confirmed. Furthermore, the sprout/polyaniline based organic diode exhibited an avalanche breakdown phenomenon. Next, a fucoidan/polyaniline composite as a physiological active material/conducting polymer composite was prepared. This composite showed good film-forming ability, electrochromism, and a micro-porous surface. This paper reports the preparation of conducting polymer composites with a combination of bio-tissue and bio-substance for the creation of bio-based electrically active organized architecture.

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Hao, Xiang Yang, Xiao Ying Hua, Jian Lu, Guo Sheng Gai, and Xiang Ming Kong. "Preparing CNT/UHMWPE Composite and it’s Electrical Property Study." Advanced Materials Research 454 (January 2012): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.454.67.

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Анотація:

Composite particles with ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) core and carbon nanotube (CNT) shell were produced by an impact coating process, and molded into conductive polymer composites. Morphology of these composite particles was observed and the electrical behavior of these molded composites was measured. UHMWPE particles were very well coated by CNT, and conductive networks of CNT were formed after molding. These conductive polymer composites with low loadings of conductive filler exhibit lower room-temperature resistivity, and volume resistivity decreases with temperature on the whole. This is because of the CNT distribution is uniform in a macroscopic view but is oriented in a mesoscopic view. Thermionic emission of CNT is strong in polymer composites produced by this process. A related mechanism is discussed.

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47

Volponi, Ruggero, Felice De Nicola, and Paola Spena. "Nanocomposites for new Functionalities in Multiscale Composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818801027.

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Анотація:

This work describes the developing of multiscale composites with inherent health monitoring functionality. Nanotubes tend to form electrically conductive networks when embedded even at low concentrations in traditional insulating polymers. By dispersing nanotubes it is possible to obtain a class of polymers that show a piezoresistive behavior. By using that kind of piezoresistive polymer as matrix in fiber reinforced composites, it is possible to develop multiscale composites with an inherent health monitoring functionality. Two different approaches have been developed to obtain a multiscale composite able to monitor the tensional states of composites. In a first manner has been used a thermosetting resin filled with a mixture of nanotubes and graphene and a specific method has been developed to impregnate carbon fiber fabrics with that nanocharged resin. A second idea was to insert a thermoplastic nanocharged thin film into a glass fiber reinforced composites.

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48

Bailey, Brennan M., Yves Leterrier, S. J. Garcia, S. van der Zwaag, and Véronique Michaud. "Electrically conductive self-healing polymer composite coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 85 (August 2015): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.04.013.

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Frąckowiak, Stanislaw, and Marek Kozlowski. "Influence of Filler Geometry on Melt Strength of Poly(lactid acid) Composites with Different Electrically Conductive Fillers." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.449.

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Анотація:

Polymer materials manufactured of natural resources have been characterized. Polylactid acid (PLA) was used as a matrix for composites filled with carbonaceous fillers of different geometry (carbon black and carbon nanofibres). Polymer strands made of electrically conductive PLA composites have a promising potential as materials for fabrication of sensors sensitive to strain, temperature or organic solvents. For better understanding of the correlation between processing parameters of PLA composites and their sensing ability the melt characteristics have been evaluated using a capillary rheometer and Rheotens melt strength tester. Strain sensing was monitored under three point bending by means of electrical conductivity measurements.

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Maity, Subhankar, and Arobindo Chatterjee. "Conductive polymer-based electro-conductive textile composites for electromagnetic interference shielding: A review." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 8 (September 19, 2016): 2228–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716670310.

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This article reviews the preparation, development and characteristics of conductive polymer-based electro-conductive textile composites for electromagnetic interference shielding. Modification of ordinary textile materials in the form of electro-conductive composites makes them suitable for this purpose. Various metallic and non-metallic electro-conductive textiles have been explored here as the material for electromagnetic shielding. Different approaches of preparing textile electromagnetic shield have been described here. Recent advancements of application of conductive polymers in the field of textile electromagnetic shielding are described. Conductive polymer-coated textile materials showed superior electrical property as electromagnetic shield. Different methods of applications of conductive polymers onto textile surface are described here with their relative merits and demerits. Different conductive polymer-coated woven and nonwoven fabrics prepared by various researchers for electromagnetic shielding are taken into account. The effects of different process parameters of polymer processing on electromagnetic shielding are described.

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