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Статті в журналах з теми "ELECTRICAL UTILITY"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Rosen, Marc A. "REGIONAL COGENERATION VIA ELECTRICAL UTILITIES OPERATING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY AND COAL: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2009-0012.

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Анотація:

The use of electrical-utility cogeneration from nuclear energy and coal is examined for improving regional efficiency regarding energy-resource utilization and environmental stewardship. A case study is presented for a large and diverse hypothetical region which has nuclear and fossil facilities in its electrical utility sector. Utility-based cogeneration is determined to reduce significantly annual use of uranium and coal, as well as other fossil fuels, and related emissions for the region and its electrical-utility sector. The reduced emissions of greenhouse gases are significant, and indicate that electrical utility-based cogeneration has a key role to play in combating climate change.

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2

BERTUCCI, PAOLA. "Revealing sparks: John Wesley and the religious utility of electrical healing." British Journal for the History of Science 39, no. 3 (August 23, 2006): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087406008363.

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In the eighteenth century, dramatic electrical performances were favourite entertainments for the upper classes, yet the therapeutic uses of electricity also reached the lower strata of society. This change in the social composition of electrical audiences attracted the attention of John Wesley, who became interested in the subject in the late 1740s. The paper analyses Wesley's involvement in the medical applications of electricity by taking into account his theological views and his proselytizing strategies. It sets his advocacy of medical electricity in the context of his philanthropic endeavours aimed at the sick poor, connecting them to his attempts to spread Methodism especially among the lower classes. It is argued that the healing virtues of electricity entailed a revision of the morality of electrical experiment which made electric sparks powerful resources for the popularization of the Methodist way of life, based on discipline, obedience to established authorities and love and fear of God.

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3

Evans, Philip G., Muneer Alshowkan, Duncan Earl, Daniel D. Mulkey, Raymond Newell, Glen Peterson, Claira Safi, Justin L. Tripp, and Nicholas A. Peters. "Trusted Node QKD at an Electrical Utility." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 105220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3070222.

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4

Bracken, T. D., G. G. Sias, C. Kim, R. S. Senior, and R. M. Patterson. "Survey of Electrical Utility Worker Body Impedance." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2008.915838.

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5

Gezer, Engin Derya, Ali Temiz, and Turan Yüksek. "Inspection of Wooden Poles in Electrical Power Distribution Networks in Artvin, Turkey." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/659818.

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According to Trabzon Electricity Distribution Local Directorship’s statistical data, there are 208.000 utility poles in Trabzon, 180.000 utility poles in Rize, and 121.000 utility poles in Artvin. Every year, 17.000 new utility poles are placed in these three cities. The average lifetime of a treated-wood utility pole is typically 40 to 50 years. However, the average lifetime of a treated-wood utility pole in the Eastern Black Sea Region is only about 10–15 years. In this study, the suggestions for enhancing the service life of treated-wood utility poles in Artvin vicinity were listed by determining the deteriorations and degradations using both visual inspection and nondestructive test methods. The results showed that the most important factors affecting the service life of utility poles were the decay due to fungi, insects, inadequate impregnation, and the deep cracks and splits.

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6

Thind, K. S., S. Karmali, and R. A. House. "OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE OF ELECTRICAL UTILITY LINEMEN TO PENTACHLOROPHENOL." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 52, no. 12 (December 1991): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298669191365180.

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7

Chou, Ralph B., and Jeffery Hovis. "SPECIFYING AN EYE PROTECTOR FOR ELECTRICAL UTILITY WORKERS." Optometry and Vision Science 78, SUPPLEMENT (December 2001): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200112001-00403.

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8

Baby, Tiju, G. Madhu, and V. R. Renjith. "Factors influencing Electrical Occupational Accidents A Statistical Analysis of Kerala, India." Disaster Advances 14, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1410da2335.

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A research survey is conducted in a large public electric utility in the State of Kerala, India. A safety survey with 3017 participants is the largest in that electrical utility. The objective of the research is to find out the relationships between personal factors and occupational accidents. Five personal factors and five safety climate factors were identified for the study. Analyzing the data revealed a significant correlation between these factors. Hence, it is clear that personal factors are playing a vital role in accident causation. So, this investigation helps to find out the major factors influencing occupational accidents like job stress, social support and self-esteem.

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9

Brooks and E. Richard. "Utility Perspective." IEEE Power Engineering Review 15, no. 11 (November 1995): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1995.469554.

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10

Ali, Muhammad Bilal, Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi, Zafar A. Khan, Abdullah Altamimi, Mohammed A. Alghassab, and Bader Alojaiman. "Voltage Profile Improvement by Integrating Renewable Resources with Utility Grid." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 8561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228561.

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Анотація:

There are three main parts of an electric power system—power generation, transmission, and distribution. For electric companies, it is a tough challenge to reduce losses of the power system and deliver lossless and reliable power from the generating station to the consumer end. Nowadays, modern power systems are more complex due to gradually increasing loads. In the electrical power system, especially in transmission and distribution networks, there are power losses due to many reasons such as overloading of the line, long distribution lines, low power factors, corona losses, and unsuitable conductor size. The main performance factor of the power system is reliability. Reliability means continuity of the power supply without any interruptions from the generating station to the demand side. Thus, due to these power losses, there are voltage stability problems and economic losses in the electrical system. The voltage stability of the power system can be increased by improving the voltage profile. In this paper, different techniques are analyzed that include the integration of wind power, the integration of photovoltaic power, and reactive power injection by integrating FACTS devices. These techniques are applied to the IEEE 57 bus system with standard data using simulation models developed in MATLAB. Thus, the results of the analysis of these techniques have been compared with each other.

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11

Anteneh, Degarege. "Reliability Assessment of Distribution System Using Analytical Method: A Case Study of Debre Berhan Distribution Network." Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee/001.01.002.

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Electric power delivers a predicable per condition for the technological, economic and political development of any countries and it is vital for each individual. Power outage is serious problem in Ethiopia at the whole of distribution network. This is due to most interruptions are frequently and much time service restoration, that is why most customers of Ethiopia their day to day activities highly affected and they are strongly complain to Ethiopia electric utility. But this power outage affected the cost of customer and Ethiopian utility. Power system is to provide an adequate and security electrical addressing to its demands as economically as alternative with reasonable level of reliability. Most electrical power distribution system reliability is one of the major issues for the demands. Reliability is the chance that a network or components done their assigned task for a given period of time under the working time stumbled upon during its anticipated lifetime. Most of developing country including Ethiopia electric power distribution network has received considerably less of the attention to reliability designing and evaluation than have generating and transmitting systems. Now a day life is directly or indirectly depends on electric power so that utility should deliver reliable power every day for 24 hours and each year for 8760 hours to satisfy human needs and to perform their works as much as possible with less economy.

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12

Keefe, Joseph. "Utility and transportation noise modeling." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019005.

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Анотація:

A few case studies regarding public utility and transportation noise are presented. These address concerns regarding the prediction and attenuation of noise from electrical transformers, gas regulators, and interstate highways. Our approach to computer modeling, model adjustments to match measured conditions, and before/after measurements will be presented.

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13

Vagin, Gennady, Alexander Kulikov, Alexander Sevostyanov, and Anatoly Fitasov. "On the influence of electric power quality on the decimation of currents and voltages of utility frequency." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801022.

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Анотація:

The electric power industry cannot develop without analyzing the factors that affect the shape of currents and voltages when determining the parameters of the electric network mode in the context of the introduction of modern means of intellectualization into the structure of power supply systems. The share of equipment affecting the electric power quality reaches 90% in modern electrical networks. This leads to the appearance of noise in the network that reduces the quality of electrical energy, voltage distortion by higher harmonic components in particular, and affects the adequacy of the parameters of the electrical network adopted by automatic control devices. The article presents the results of digital signal processing containing distortions in the form of a harmonic component with a decrease in the sampling frequency. It is shown that a decrease in the sampling frequency does not exclude the effect of higher harmonics on the result of processing signals, including high-frequency distortions.

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14

GANESAMURTHY, Dr K., Dr A. MORARJI, and Mrs N. SHANMUGA PRIYA. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND UTILITY PRACTICES IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i7.2020.723.

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Анотація:

In India, the sources of energy availability to the human development has been advocated since independence, so much so that the adequate quantity and quality of electricity, and measured by per capita consumption, is associated in most economies as a key Human Development Index. It is expected that the nation, which is already in the forefront of urbanization and industrialization in the country, proposes to be a global hub of manufacturing. Such a vision, if continued by successive governments, will leads to a scenario where the demand for electricity is most likely to increase year after year for decades. This Paper attempts to identify the sources of electrical energy in India. The growth of agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors has been possible to modify the energy in every year and also utilization of new technologies in their production. As a result, the electrical energy is leads to greater importance for agriculture and farmers have better control over the availability of energy for productive oriented. Based on the utilization of the energy the audit reports of various departments such as agriculture, corporate and Government etc., and electric utilities are some time at variance in all field. This paper highlights the need for the electricity and strategy for optimum utilization of resource like electrical energy and renewable energy in India and it’s bringing into the plan of action to the corporate and government in India for sustainability.

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15

Morris, L. Brian. "Utility Customer Tree Replacement." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1990.007.

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Utilities must prune trees in order to safely deliver electrical power and do It In a reliable manner. The ultimate answer to the ever increasingly difficult task of clearing lines from conflicting tree limbs in the urban setting is to have compatible tree species planted in and near the right-of-way rather than the larger maturing species. Duke Power, like many utilities, has decided to take a pro-active approach to the problem and initiate a customer tree replacement program to aid in procuring the customer's agreement to allow the removal of certain incompatible species.

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16

Clark, R. N., and F. C. Vosper. "Electrical Wind-Assisted Water Pumping." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267662.

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Most modern wind turbines are designed to generate utility compatible AC electric power. The easiest way to use these wind turbines for irrigation pumping is by intertying with the electric utility grid. However, because irrigation pumping requires large amounts of power during critical crop growth stages and minimum power during the nongrowing season, utilities have to supply power during peak load times and purchase power during off peak times. Five wind turbines having induction generators have been operated in water pumping experiments at Bushland, Texas. These turbines ranged in rated capacity from 25 to 100 kW and have included both horizontal and vertical-axis types. All units have operated at least 5000 hr, with one unit having been operated for over 20,000 hr. Performance curves, monthly energy production, percentage of run-time, and availability are given for each turbine.

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17

Sebok, Angelia, Rita Mann, Terence Andre, Anders Gronstedt, Kerri Chik, Ian Cooley, Dustin Shell, and Heather Anderson. "Augmented Reality Applications in Support of Electrical Utility Operations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641316.

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The electric utilities industry is facing a potential crisis. As experienced workers are preparing to retire, new employees are being hired to take their place. These new workers lack the training and experience of the retiring workforce. This paper describes the potential use of Augmented Reality (AR) to address the challenges posed by this loss of expertise. The research effort investigated opportunities to use AR to improve knowledge transfer in the electric utilities industry.

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18

Zou, Zhixia, and Kwang-Bong Lee. "Pricing weather derivatives: An application to the electrical utility." Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society 23, no. 2 (March 31, 2012): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2012.23.2.365.

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19

Aziz, M. M. A., E. E. A. El-Zahab, and A. F. Zobaa. "Power factor and your electrical utility bill in egypt." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 18, no. 4 (October 2003): 1567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2003.817535.

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20

Baris, D., B. G. Armstrong, J. Deadman, and G. Theriault. "A mortality study of electrical utility workers in Quebec." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.1.25.

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21

Dodds, G. I., and W. C. Beattie. "Effects of abnormal operating conditions on electrical utility planning." IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 138, no. 2 (1991): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-c.1991.0014.

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22

Cho, Jeong-woo, and Song Chong. "Utility Max-Min Flow Control Using Slope-Restricted Utility Functions." IEEE Transactions on Communications 55, no. 5 (May 2007): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2007.896066.

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23

Branco, Nathielle Waldrigues, Mariana Santos Matos Cavalca, Stefano Frizzo Stefenon, and Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt. "Wavelet LSTM for Fault Forecasting in Electrical Power Grids." Sensors 22, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 8323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218323.

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Анотація:

An electric power distribution utility is responsible for providing energy to consumers in a continuous and stable way. Failures in the electrical power system reduce the reliability indexes of the grid, directly harming its performance. For this reason, there is a need for failure prediction to reestablish power in the shortest possible time. Considering an evaluation of the number of failures over time, this paper proposes performing failure prediction during the first year of the pandemic in Brazil (2020) to verify the feasibility of using time series forecasting models for fault prediction. The long short-term memory (LSTM) model will be evaluated to obtain a forecast result that an electric power utility can use to organize maintenance teams. The wavelet transform has shown itself to be promising in improving the predictive ability of LSTM, making the wavelet LSTM model suitable for the study at hand. The assessments show that the proposed approach has better results regarding the error in prediction and has robustness when statistical analysis is performed.

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24

Jensen, Wayne, Tim Wentz, and Bruce Fischer. "Proposed LEED Credit for Electrical Load Shedding." Journal of Green Building 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.3.121.

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Анотація:

The cost of energy is a significant percentage of the operating expense for most buildings. Energy used within buildings is supplied primarily by electricity. Demand for electricity used in industrial and agricultural applications is frequently leveled by shifting portions of peak loads to non-peak periods. Leveling electrical loads reduces the utility's carbon footprint and the cost of generating power. Resulting savings are commonly shared with customers through economic incentives. Similar techniques can be applied to control the energy demand of buildings, with benefits for both the electrical utility and electricity users. This paper provides an overview of electrical load-shedding techniques, outlines some of the benefits and problems associated with each, and discusses how some of these techniques are currently being applied to reduce the total electrical load for buildings. The paper also proposes a LEED credit which provides an incentive for owners and tenants to incorporate one or more load-shedding systems into LEED certified buildings to lower peak electrical demand.

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25

Amos, Jr., Orley M., John Wingender, Tabitha Doescher, and Keith Willett. "The Impact Of Electrical Co-Generation On The Oklahoma Economy." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 5, no. 4 (October 25, 2011): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v5i4.6340.

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Using input-output analysis, this paper estimates the impact of electricity co-generation on the Oklahoma economy, assuming alternative electricity growth rates and co-generation capacity. The impact is affected by co-generation operation, utility operation, co-generation construction, utility construction, and electricity rate changes. This study indicates that co-generation can have a beneficial impact on output, earnings, employment and taxes with a rapid electricity demand growth scenario and a detrimental impact with slower growth.

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26

Lee, Byung-Jin, Mi-Suk Lee, and Woo-Sug Jung. "Acoustic Based Fire Event Detection System in Underground Utility Tunnels." Fire 6, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6050211.

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Анотація:

Underground utility tunnels (UUTs) are convenient for the integrated management of various infrastructure facilities. They ensure effective control of underground facilities and reduce occupied space. However, aging UUTs require effective management and preventive measures for fire safety. The fundamental problems in operating UUTs are the frequent occurrence of mold, corrosion, and damage caused to finishing materials owing to inadequate waterproofing, dehumidification, and ventilation facilities, which result in corrosion-related electrical leakage in wiring and cables. To prevent this, an abnormal sound detection technology is developed in this study based on acoustic sensing. An acoustic sensor is used to detect electric sparks in the moldy environments of UUTs using a system to collect and analyze the sound generated in the UUTs. We targeted the sound that had the highest impact on detecting electric sparks and performed U-Net-based noise reduction and two-dimensional convolutional neural network-based abnormal sound detection. A mock experiment was conducted to verify the performance of the proposed model. The results indicated that local and spatial features could capture the internal characteristics of both abnormal and normal sounds. The superior performance of the proposed model verified that the local and spatial features of electric sparks are crucial for detecting abnormal sounds.

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27

Wrana, Jan, and Wojciech Struzik. "Study Results and Obtaining High Ventilation Air Quality in Architecture for an Old Shopping Centre Public Utility Building with Modernised EL. Heating in Warsaw, District, Poland." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032140.

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Анотація:

Abstract The subject of this paper is the study of a public utility building, a shopping centre in Warsaw/Targówek, carried out as part of the programme of “Research for obtaining high air quality in architecture. The purpose of the study of the building is to utilise a new technology which will lead to reductions in electrical and heat energy consumption and cuts in CO2 emissions in the modernised Shopping Centre Public Utility Building in Warsaw. The building is equipped with systems for obtaining heat and cold from groundwater and is adapted to a low electrical energy consumption level with the lowest primary energy ratio in Poland. It is located in Warsaw and, in addition to the energy sourcing system, features a highly modern control system (BMS). The objective of the study is to demonstrate operating costs for a building with low exterior wall and roof insulation parameters. In addition, the building uses a heating system based solely on electrical heating due to its lack of access to gas and district heating. The conducted studies and analyses allowed a comparison of the operating costs of old buildings following modernisation with those of new buildings.

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28

Liu, Jesse, Linda Anh B. Nguyen, Amy J. Marincek, Shelly Parker, and William J. Snape. "T1354 Utility of Antroduodenal Manometry Prior to Gastric Electrical Stimulation." Gastroenterology 134, no. 4 (April 2008): A—537—A—538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(08)62510-x.

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29

Abbott, Malcolm, and Bruce Cohen. "Utility regulation—The scope and structure of electrical safety regulation." Energy Policy 39, no. 9 (September 2011): 4956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.019.

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30

Binder, A., and R. Baron. "Utility of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in neurologic pain disorders." Neurology 74, no. 2 (December 30, 2009): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181cbb8af.

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31

Covert, Edwin. "Case Study: Conducting a Risk Assessment for an Electrical Utility." International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/iccws.18.1.948.

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Анотація:

Risk management is an important part of effective cybersecurity. This paper presents a hypothetical risk assessment as a case study for one of the largest electricity providers in the southern California region using the approach outlined in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800 series on cybersecurity.

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32

Conaway, Michael, and Joseph Keefe. "Validation of utility and transportation noise modeling." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 266, no. 2 (May 25, 2023): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2023_0028.

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Анотація:

A few case studies regarding public utility and transportation noise are presented. These address concerns regarding the prediction and attenuation of noise from electrical transformers, gas regulators, and interstate highways. Our approach to computer modeling, model adjustments to match measured conditions, and before/after measurements will be presented.

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33

Erickson, Larry, and Stephanie Ma. "Solar-Powered Charging Networks for Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040966.

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Анотація:

The cost of solar-generated electricity and battery costs have been decreasing significantly. These developments can be combined to introduce solar-powered charging networks with demand management prices (DMP) to enable electric vehicle (EV) customers to help utilities to manage renewable energy. As solar-generated electricity becomes the cheapest source of power, the need to increase demand for electricity during the day can be met by charging EVs at an attractive DMP in parking lots with solar panels and charging stations that are connected to the electrical grid. The demand for electricity can be managed and controlled by the utility with the goal of increasing demand for power as needed so that all electricity that is generated can be sold. The proposal is to introduce a new DMP rate that is only implemented when the utility wants to increase demand and sell power at this low rate in order to make full use of the supply. As utilities strive to reach 100% renewable electrical power to serve a society transported by EVs, cooperative plans to make good use of batteries in EVs for managing the electrical grid will become more important.

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34

Boom, Merel, Erik Olofsen, Meike Neukirchen, René Fussen, Justin Hay, Geert Jan Groeneveld, Leon Aarts, Elise Sarton, and Albert Dahan. "Fentanyl Utility Function." Anesthesiology 119, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31829ce4cb.

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Abstract Introduction: Integrating opioid risk and benefit into a single function may give a useful single measure of the opioid’s positive and negative effects. An explorative study on the effects of fentanyl on antinociception and respiratory depression was performed to construct fentanyl risk–benefit (utility) functions. Methods: Twelve volunteers received a 3.5-μg/kg fentanyl intravenous injection on 2 separate study days. On one occasion, ventilation at a clamped increased carbon dioxide concentration was measured and on another the pain tolerance to electrical stimulation. In both sessions, arterial plasma samples were obtained. The data were analyzed with a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model. A simulation study was performed, using the model parameter estimates and their variances, in which simulated subjects received 3.5 μg/kg of fentanyl. The resultant distributions were used to calculate the utility functions, defined as the probability of at least 50% analgesia (an increase in pain tolerance by ≥50%) minus the probability of at least 50% respiratory depression (a reduction in ventilation by ≥50%). Utility functions were constructed in concentration and time domains. Results: Fentanyl produced significant respiratory depression and analgesia. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models adequately described the data. The constructed utility functions were negative at effect-site concentrations of greater than 0.5 ng/ml in the first 90 min after the 3.5 μg/kg bolus infusion. Conclusions: Utility functions based on fentanyl’s experimental effects on respiration and pain relief were successfully constructed. These functions are useful in multiple effect comparisons among experimental drugs. Further studies are required to assess whether this risk–benefit analysis is valuable in clinical practice.

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35

Chetry, Bharat, and Navaraj Raj Karki. "Adequacy Assessment of Integrated Nepal Power System." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 1, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_001.002_0002.

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Modern electrical power systems have the responsibility of providing a reliable and economic supply of electrical energy to their customers. The economic and social effects of loss of electric service can have significant impacts on both the utility supplying electric energy and the end users of the service. Maintaining a reliable power supply is a very important issue in power system design and operation .The developing country including Nepal more often does not follow the modern planning criteria for system planning due to which we have to face problems like load shedding. This work is an exercise to detail reliability analysis of INPS using different reliability indices. The INPS has been divided into three regions and the reliability indices are found separately for each region. The two reliability indices LOLE and EENS are found to check the adequacy of generation. The load data and generation data used are all real from the only one utility of Nepal, NEA. The calculations are done according to the theory of reliability of power system on MATLAB programming. The results obtained in this work are quite satisfactory and represents the present condition of INPS.

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36

Cumings, John, Eva Olsson, Amanda K. Petford-Long, and Yimei Zhu. "Electric and Magnetic Phenomena Studied byIn SituTransmission Electron Microscopy." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 2 (February 2008): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.22.

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AbstractThere is a wide array of technologically significant materials whose response to electric and magnetic fields can make or break their utility for specific applications. Often, these electrical and magnetic properties are determined by nanoscale features that can be most effectively understood through electron microscopy studies. Here, we present an overview of the capabilities for transmission electron microscopy for uncovering information about electric and magnetic properties of materials in the context of operational devices. When devices are operated during microscope observations, a wealth of information is available about dynamics, including metastable and transitional states. Additionally, because the imaging beam is electrically charged, it can directly capture information about the electric and magnetic fields in and around devices of interest. This is perhaps most relevant to the growing areas of nanomaterials and nanodevice research. Several specific examples are presented of materials systems that have been explored with these techniques. We also provide a view of the future directions for research.

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37

Adnan, S. M., and T. K. Heng. "Common utility tunnel for utility services at Putrajaya, new administrative centre of Malaysia." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0082.

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With the requirement for utilities to be installed in a protected environment at Putrajaya, the new Administrative Centre for the Federal Government of Malaysia, a common utility tunnel has been developed, designed and is currently under construction. The common utility tunnel (CUT) complements the “No Dig” policy of Putrajaya and offers year-round access for inspection and maintenance of utilities laid inside the tunnel. The design of the CUT incorporates features for phased construction of the CUT and installation of utilities. The utilities to be housed inside the CUT are electrical power cables, water pipe, chilled water pipes, gas pipe, multimedia cables and telecommunication cables. This paper discusses the move behind the implementation of the CUT and describes the planning and design of the CUT. This is the first time that an effort has been made in Malaysia to get all the utility providers to agree to have the various utilities in a common tunnel and also on cost-sharing of the capital and maintenance expenditure.

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38

Zhou, Guo, Moncef Krarti, and Gregor P. Henze. "Parametric Analysis of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Utilization*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1824110.

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Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid. Time-of-use electricity rates encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and on weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. While these two thermal batteries have been engaged separately in the past, this paper investigates the merits of harnessing both storage media concurrently in the context of optimal control for a range of selected parameters. A parametric analysis was conducted utilizing an EnergyPlus-based simulation environment to assess the effects of building mass, electrical utility rates, season and location, economizer operation, central plant size, and thermal comfort. The findings reveal that the cooling-related on-peak electrical demand and utility cost of commercial buildings can be substantially reduced by harnessing both thermal storage inventories using optimal control for a wide range of conditions.

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39

Park, D. H., M. Laivenieks, M. V. Guettler, M. K. Jain, and J. G. Zeikus. "Microbial Utilization of Electrically Reduced Neutral Red as the Sole Electron Donor for Growth and Metabolite Production." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 2912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.2912-2917.1999.

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ABSTRACT Electrically reduced neutral red (NR) served as the sole source of reducing power for growth and metabolism of pure and mixed cultures of H2-consuming bacteria in a novel electrochemical bioreactor system. NR was continuously reduced by the cathodic potential (−1.5 V) generated from an electric current (0.3 to 1.0 mA), and it was subsequently oxidized by Actinobacillus succinogenes or by mixed methanogenic cultures. The A. succinogenes mutant strain FZ-6 did not grow on fumarate alone unless electrically reduced NR or hydrogen was present as the electron donor for succinate production. The mutant strain, unlike the wild type, lacked pyruvate formate lyase and formate dehydrogenase. Electrically reduced NR also replaced hydrogen as the sole electron donor source for growth and production of methane from CO2. These results show that both pure and mixed cultures can function as electrochemical devices when electrically generated reducing power can be used to drive metabolism. The potential utility of utilizing electrical reducing power in enhancing industrial fermentations or biotransformation processes is discussed.

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40

Shanthi, S. Anita, and K. G. Basavaraju. "Estimating the overall efficiency of storage batteries in Fermatean picture fuzzy environment." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340502028.

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Electricity storage devices play a very vital role in eﬃcient energy management. Storage technologies vary depending on the speciﬁc needs and applications. Battery is a electric storage system which converts chemical energy into electrical energy and possess some speciﬁc parameters that characterize them. Here, four types of storage batteries are evaluated based on their eﬃciency, cost, life span and energy density properties using COPRAS and ARAS methods on Fermatean picture fuzzy sets. Firstly a decision matrix is constructed using Fermatean picture fuzzy sets and it is normalized. Entropy measure is deﬁned which helps in calculation of weight values. Next aggregated weighted normalized Fermatean picture fuzzy matrix is found and using this relative signiﬁcant and utility values are calculated in COPRAS method. In ARAS method optimal function values are determined and utility values are found. The alternatives are ranked based on the utility values. In both the methods it is found that the rank of the best alternative is the same whereas the ranking of other alternatives vary.

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41

Nor, Shamsul Fahmi Mohd, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Azrul Mohd Ariffin, Miszaina Osman, Muhammad Syahmi Abd Rahman, and Noorlina Mohd Zainuddin. "Issues and Challenges in Voltage Uprating for Sustainable Power Operation: A Case Study of a 132 kV Transmission Line System in Malaysia." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910776.

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Ageing grid infrastructure is a critical issue that is currently faced by electrical utilities worldwide, resulting in crucial decisions that must be made for the replacement, repair, or refurbishment of assets under constrained budgetary conditions, as well as other factors. As one of the fastest-developing countries globally, Malaysia is steadily growing in terms of its cumulative population, large industries, and advanced transportation sector, leading to an increasing electricity demand and, consequently, putting stress on electric utility providers to meet these tremendous demands. Significant concerns in the new development of transmission in Malaysia are the environmental issues, which involve exploration in gazetted areas and forest reserves. This paper describes the issues and challenges in developing a new transmission line system in Malaysia. In recent years, uprating existing transmission line systems has been one of the best asset management decisions for electric utility operators in order to meet such a demand for capacity. This paper assesses the technical issues and conventional methods of uprating the voltage of an existing transmission line system. The initial study found that the phase-to-Earth clearance does not fulfil the electrical clearance envelope. The study on the existing 132 kV transmission line system further analysed these issues and proposed an appropriate technique for uprating to a 275 kV transmission line system. Finally, the results indicate that the voltage uprating of the 132 kV transmission line system to 275 kV is able to satisfy the electrical clearance requirement envelope.

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42

Leite, Daniel, José Pessanha, Paulo Simões, Rodrigo Calili, and Reinaldo Souza. "A Stochastic Frontier Model for Definition of Non-Technical Loss Targets." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123227.

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The theft of electrical energy is one of the main problems faced by electricity distribution utilities, especially in developing countries. Aware of the difficulties in combating non-technical losses (NTLs) in Brazil, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) established tolerable limits for the percentage of non-technical losses to each Brazilian distribution utility. Despite the notable progress made by ANEEL, when comparing public utility NTLs and their regulatory targets in the last decade, it was observed that the goals defined by this agency were not able to lead to a general reduction in NTLs in the country. Thus, the search for alternative methodologies to deal with the topic is necessary. A more attractive alternative to the ANEEL’s model is an efficient frontier model. This paper describes a stochastic frontier cost model for panel data whose equation is specified to provide the tolerable limits for the percentage of NTLs. The proposed model was applied to a panel of data containing annual observations, over 10 years, of 41 distribution utilities in the Brazilian electrical system.

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43

Lanciotti, Norma Silvana. "Ciclos de vida en empresas de servicios públicos. Las compañías norteamericanas y británicas de electricidad en Argentina, 1887–1950." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 26, no. 3 (2008): 403–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900000409.

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AbstractDuring the first half of the 20th century, most electric utilities were owned by foreign companies in Latin America as well as in Argentina, where the electric system was managed by firms of different nationalities and types. After comparing the trajectories of the firms, the article explores the causes of the unsuccessful performance of the electric utilities managed by British and American companies in Argentina. The results show that the life-cycles of electric utility companies greatly diverged according to their style of management and financing, the entry into the market, and the level of capitalization and technology applied to electrical networks.

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44

Cerruti, Brian J., and Steven G. Decker. "A Statistical Forecast Model of Weather-Related Damage to a Major Electric Utility." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 2 (February 2011): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-09.1.

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AbstractA generalized linear model (GLM) has been developed to relate meteorological conditions to damages incurred by the outdoor electrical equipment of Public Service Electric and Gas, the largest public utility in New Jersey. Utilizing a perfect-prognosis approach, the model consists of equations derived from a backward-eliminated multiple-linear-regression analysis of observed electrical equipment damage as the predictand and corresponding surface observations from a variety of sources including local storm reports as the predictors. Weather modes, defined objectively by surface observations, provided stratification of the data and served to increase correlations between the predictand and predictors. The resulting regression equations produced coefficients of determination up to 0.855, with the lowest values for the heat and cold modes, and the highest values for the thunderstorm and mix modes. The appropriate GLM equations were applied to an independent dataset for model validation, and the GLM shows skill [i.e., Heidke skill score (HSS) values greater than 0] at predicting various thresholds of total accumulated equipment damage. The GLM shows higher HSS values relative to a climatological approach and a baseline regression model. Two case studies analyzed to critique model performance yielded insight into GLM shortcomings, with lightning information and wind duration being found to be important missing predictors under certain circumstances.

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45

Suttle, Ryan, Brian Kane, and David Bloniarz. "Comparing the Structure, Function, Value, and Risk of Managed and Unmanaged Trees along Rights-of-Way and Streets in Massachusetts." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101602.

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Trees provide numerous benefits in urban areas, including improving stormwater retention and filtration, removing gaseous and particulate pollutants from the air, sequestering atmospheric carbon, and reducing ambient temperature. However, trees also pose risks in urban areas. Trees growing near overhead electrical utility lines cause a large proportion of electrical power outages. To mitigate this risk, arborists frequently and sometimes severely prune trees near overhead utilities for clearance and to reduce the likelihood of failure. Ostensibly, urban trees distant from utility lines are not pruned as frequently or severely. This study aimed to (i) assess factors related to both individual trees and the sample populations of trees growing near and away from overhead utility lines, and (ii) determine whether those factors differed between the two groups. In total, 200 utility easement plots and 200 non-utility control plots were distributed in Eversource Energy’s distribution territories, encompassing 2361 trees in total. Diameter at breast height (DBH), crown height and spread, percent crown missing, percent twig dieback, and likelihood of failure were gathered for each tree in the study. These variables were compared individually among study groups, and used as inputs to calculate estimated ecosystem service delivery using USFS iTree Eco v6. Overall, trees in control plots were larger and delivered more ecosystem services, per tree, than trees in utility plots. However, on a population level, trees in utility plots were more populous and delivered more aggregate ecosystem services than those in control plots. Although the aesthetics of utility tree pruning is often debated, there were no differences in likelihood of failure ratings between trees in control and utility plots. These findings may help to frame trees near overhead utility lines, commonly seen as risks or eyesores, as valuable green infrastructure and community assets.

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46

Mohamed, A. K., and M. T. E. Kahn. "Contribution analysis of electrical energy management in the industrial and commercial sector: a challenge to the Tanzania utility industry." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2008/v19i1a3318.

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The investigation of electrical energy management (EEM) in the industrial and commercial sector determines how energy management affects elec-tricity consumption and what makes its potential for being used to reduce peak demand of utility indus-tries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the contri-bution of electrical energy management in the industrial and commercial sector and highlight its challenges to the Tanzanian utility industry. Energy efficiency technology analyzed in this paper includes energy efficiency lighting and power factor improvement. The analysis found that, if EEM is properly implemented, a significant amount of energy could be saved and could be converted to monetary benefits which might facilitate the devel-opment of other activities. The utility industry can benefit from saving considerable amounts of energy as well as the reduction of peak demand which can minimize the race of stumbling on new energy sources and construction of new power plants. The saved energy can be distributed to other consumers so as to improve accessibility or reliability of the electrical system and consequently minimize the impact of environmental pollution.

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47

Barthold, Lionel O. "The utility climate through 2020." IEEE Power Engineering Review 9, no. 5 (May 1989): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1989.4310658.

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48

Smith, William M. "Utility Planning Perspectives: A Review." IEEE Power Engineering Review 9, no. 5 (May 1989): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1989.4310682.

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49

Schou, M. "Non-Utility Generation in Denmark." IEEE Power Engineering Review 12, no. 5 (May 1992): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1992.134104.

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50

Brooks, E. R. "Utility Perspective [U.S. Regulatory Evaluation]." IEEE Power Engineering Review 15, no. 11 (November 1995): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1995.482173.

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