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1
J. W. Slocombe, A. M. Feyerherm, and L. E. Stetson. "Electrical Energy Usage on Kansas Grain Farms." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 8, no. 2 (1992): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26063.
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2
Thoma, Mark. "Electrical energy usage over the business cycle." Energy Economics 26, no. 3 (May 2004): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2004.04.006.
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Ritchie, Michael J., Jacobus A. A. Engelbrecht, and Marthinus J. Booysen. "Practically-Achievable Energy Savings with the Optimal Control of Stratified Water Heaters with Predicted Usage." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071963.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Residential water heaters use a substantial amount of electrical energy and contribute to 25% of the energy usage in the residential sector. This raises concern for users in countries with flat rate electricity fees and where fossil fuels are used for electricity generation. Demand side management of tanked water heaters is well suited for energy-focused load reduction strategies. We propose a strategy for providing an electric water heater (EWH) with the optimal temperature planning to reduce the overall electrical energy usage while satisfying the comfort of the user. A probabilistic hot water usage model is used to predict the hot water usage behaviour for the A*-based optimisation algorithm, which accounts for water stratification in the tank. A temperature feedback controller with novel temperature and energy-correcting capabilities provides robustness to prediction errors. Three optimal control strategies are presented and compared to a baseline strategy with the thermostat always on: The first ensures temperature-matched water usages, the second ensures energy-matched water usages, and the third is a variation of the second that provides Legionella prevention. Results were obtained for 77 water heaters, each one simulated for four weeks. The median energy savings for predicted usage were 2.2% for the temperature-matched strategy, and 9.6% for both of the energy-matched strategies. We also compare the practical energy savings to the ideal scenario where the optimal scheduling has perfect foreknowledge of hot water usages, and the temperature and energy-matched strategies had a 4.1 and 11.0 percentage point decrease from the ideal energy savings.
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Hashim, Noorazuan Md, Muhammad Khaidir Bin Azmi, and Yaakob Mohd Jani. "Understanding Trend and Variation of Electrical Energy usage Among Students in the National University of Malaysia." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21586.
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Muyunda, C., and F. Mwale. "Electrical energy usage at Konkola Division, Zambian Copper Belt." Mine Water and the Environment 13, no. 2 (June 1994): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02915538.
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Ruli A. Siregar, Riki, Hengki Sikumbang, Iriansyah BM Sangadji, and Indrianto. "KWh Meter Smart Card Model Token For Electrical Energy Monitoring." MATEC Web of Conferences 218 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821803002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research Producer Electric meter Appliance model base on smart card kWh (kilo Watt hour). The card power meter Is use to calculate the prepaid electricity meter using the 20-digit voucher number as a charging medium. Utilizing a smart card, the token number in the prepaid electricity meter can help reduce the error rate when entering the token number, the model destination is created. Hardware design and with apps to detect how much energy is used to store basic data to help view history of usage. Using smart cards and microcontrollers in apps that come from a usage history in the Pulse usage category will help users know their usage in efficient, normal, and wasteful categories. The results of this research is a meter model with credit card for charging pulses, and data processing applications as devices that can be used for various electricity consumption. The information system is used as a model validation with pulse input that provides information about the use of electrical energy and as a determinant to save the time and time required to make optimal energy
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Herpendi, Herpendi, Veri Julianto, Khairul Anwar Hafizd, and Rabini Sayyidati. "IOT Based Smart Lamp for Efficient Usage of Electrical Energy." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 19, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v19i2.1277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The government is proclaiming the electrical energy saving campaign in order to raise the people’s awareness of its importance. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM Ministry) of the Republic of Indonesia stated that a year of energy saving equals to the amount of saving Rp43.000.000.000.000,00 (forty three trillion rupiah) of money, which is also equal to a construction of electric steam power plant with the capacity of 3.500 megawatts (MW). One of the programs that has been encouraged by the government is the 'turn off the light' campaign. Turning off lights is a simple but often neglected thing. Apart from the limited awareness to save the energy for a better future, people are often too busy to do it. In 2015, Taruna built an Arduino Micro-controller based light control system using Android smartphone to provide ease, specifically for physically disabled and elderly. The shortcomings of this system are that the lights cannot be turned on and off automatically (smart) with timer and it can only be controlled at close range (bluetooth). Development of technology with the internet guide can easily help human, and thus, this research aims to improve the system with the time control (timer) and close range control (bluetooth) as well as the long range using SMS and internet. The system is built with the prototype model that incude the communication, fast planning, fast prototype designing and building, system submission and feedback. The result of this system building is that the light can be controlled using bluetooth and also provide a faster response time; less than a second (as well as the timer). The light can also be controlled from a long range using the internet connection, giving a response time between 14 to 17 seconds. When a light control command occurs, the SMS notification is sent to the cell phone of the user. Using this system, the light can be controlled correctly in order to conveniently give the user effectivity and efficiency in electrical energy usage.
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Asri, Yessy, Dwina Kuswardani, Efy Yosrita, and Ferdinand Hendrik Wullur. "Clusterization of customer energy usage to detect power shrinkage in an effort to increase the efficiency of electric energy consumption." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp10-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<span>Automatic meter reading (AMR) is a reading system result the measurement of electrical energy consumen, both locally and remotely. The problems faced is the high non-technical shrinkage of AMR customers due to installation, maintenance errors as well as dishonest actions some consumers, this has a major influence on electrical power losses. PT. PLN Disjaya currently faces difficulties having to choose which customers should be checked first, so the field can only find a little damage. The K-means method based on historical electric power usage and determine the most optimal number of groups the davies-bouldin index (DBI) method. Based on the results of testing with 2-6 sets of clusters, the cluster set results are the most optimal is set cluster 4 because it has the smallest DBI value 0.893. The set of 4 clusters has the best performance in data grouping of historical power usage of AMR customers the business class, each centroid of each cluster is used as an attribute and value of the AMR customer power usage business chart. The testing phase is customers who categorized as customers with un-normal usage electricity power. The test is, by determining the distance data testing each centroid in the cluster 4 set.</span>
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D.A., Darshan, Sumith L.V., K. Sowjanya Reddy, K. Rasagnya, and Trupti V. N. "A STUDY OF ENERGY FLOW AT AN ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION THROUGH ENERGY AUDIT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RACEEE (April 30, 2017): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4raceee.2017.3339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper deals with the study of energy flow in a 220/ 66 kV substation. This study emphasizes on energy conservation by reducing power losses. Saving energy is the primary and overwhelming motivating factor for making energy improvements. Energy conservation can increase the environmental quality and higher the savings. Energy conservation lowers the energy costs by preventing future resource depletion (renewable energy source). Utilizing the electric power in the proper manner without wastage is the most important thing to consider. The main objectives are accumulating data at various energy points, identifying energy losses and critical junctions, enabling energy conservation and cost savings. Planning the use of electrical power in the most judicious way such that the usage as well as its wastage is minimized. For this purpose a energy management technique called energy audit is adopted. Energy auditing is required to determine the energy flows through various electrical installations such as feeders, transformers, substations in an electrical network system.
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Limpraptono, Fransiscus Yudi, Eko Nurcahyo, Mochammad Ibrahim Ashari, Erkata Yandri, and Yahya Jani. "Design of Power Monitoring and Electrical Control Systems to Support Energy Conservation." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 58, S (October 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-sp1)726.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing demand for electrical energy and the decreasing supply of fossil fuels in recent years have increased the cost of electrical energy. So that the culture of saving electrical energy is a habit that must be cultivated in the community. On the other hand, energy-saving behavior cannot be realized massively without a support system that can control energy use. With these concerns, it is necessary to develop a method that encourages a culture of saving electrical energy. This paper proposes a system that supports active energy efficiency methods that can support an energy-efficient culture. This system is an electric power monitoring system that is integrated with a smart electrical panel that continuously monitors the use of electrical energy and can control electrical loads automatically, record electricity usage, provide comprehensive reports and analyze energy usage. The method used to carry out this research is research and development. This research has produced a prototype of electrical power control and monitoring system that has a smart panel based on a raspberry PI 3 and PZEM-004t power energy meter. The monitoring system performs and executes automatic control of electrical loads. The system can also provide reports in the form of data monitoring in daily, weekly, monthly or annual period. From the test results, it can be concluded that the system can work well. This research is expected to contribute to providing a system that can support government efforts in saving energy.
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Ždankus, Tadas, Jurgita Černeckienė, Leonas Greičius, Vidas Stanevičius, and Nerijus Bunikis. "Wind Energy Usage for Building Heating Applying Hydraulic System." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 25, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.25.2.21542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The most ordinary way to use wind energy for building heating needs is to convert mechanical wind energy into electrical energy and to use electrical energy for heating. Though there are ways to convert mechanical wind energy into thermal energy without transitional energy conversion – hydraulic systems can be implemented for this purpose. Wind rotor gives rotational motion to the pump of hydraulic system and it creates fluid circulation in the hydraulic system. A part of liquid mechanical energy due to hydraulic resistance of the system converts into the thermal energy when the liquid circulates in the close hydraulic loop and it heats up the liquid that can be used for heating purposes. Different hydraulic valves can be integrated in the hydraulic system and they can work as the load-regulating component of the system. The purpose of the study was to adjust the hydraulic load to the optimal value in order to generate a maximum amount of thermal energy. During the study, the work of a wind rotor was simulated by an electric motor, rotated at different frequencies (without feedback). The hydraulic system consisted of a gear pump, an adjustable load regulation valve, pipes, oil tank, sensors for measuring motor shaft rotational speed, oil temperature and pressure. The experiments were carried out at different electromotor speeds: 12.5, 17.5 and 22.5 Hz, and for different oil temperatures in the range of 20 to 50 °C. The relationship between the opening degree of the valve and the amount of generated thermal energy was determined. The study showed that wind energy usage can cover a significant part of the building's thermal energy needs at the same time reducing pollution and the usage of the fossil fuel for heating purposes.
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Yunus, Muhammad Yusuf, and Marhatang Marhatang. "Implementasi Labview Untuk Pemantauan Pemakaian Energi Listrik." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeee-u.v2i1.1321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In conventional electric measurement devices, measurements are made on the use of electrical energy as a whole where consumers can only see information on the results of the use of electrical energy by looking at the total power consumption amount indicated on the meter kWh meter. Based on the above problems, the author aims to raise the title "Design of Monitoring System of Electricity Energy Usage using LabVIEW". The LabVIEW program has the ability to measure, monitor and store data quickly and accurately. With this tool will be realized a design system monitoring the use of electrical energy in real time through the computer instead of kWH meter analog or digital. This concept is one of the energy management solutions that enable consumers to obtain statistical data on electrical energy consumption in detail. From the results of monitoring the use of loads, obtained very good results in monitoring the usage of energy, which in this case using household burden.
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Ekberg, Kristoffer, Lars Eriksson, and Christofer Sundström. "Electrification of a Heavy-Duty CI Truck—Comparison of Electric Turbocharger and Crank Shaft Motor." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A combustion engine-driven vehicle can be made more fuel efficient over some drive cycles by, for example, introducing electric machines and solutions for electrical energy storage within the vehicle’s driveline architecture. The possible benefits of different hybridization concepts depend on the architecture, i.e., the type of energy storage, and the placement and sizing of the different driveline components. This paper examines a diesel electric plug-in hybrid truck, where the powertrain includes a diesel engine supported with two electric motors, one supporting the crank shaft and one the turbocharger. Numerical optimal control was used to find energy-optimal control strategies during two different accelerations; the trade-off between using electrical energy and diesel fuel was evaluated using a simulation platform. Fixed-gear acceleration was performed to evaluate the contribution from the two electric motors in co-operation, and individual operation. A second acceleration test case from 8 to 80 km/h was performed to evaluate the resulting optimal control behavior when taking gear changes into account. A cost factor was used to relate the cost of diesel fuel to electrical energy. The selection of the cost factor relates to the allowed usage of electrical energy: a high cost factor results in a high amplification from electrical energy input to total system energy savings, whereas a low cost factor results in an increased usage of electrical energy for propulsion. The difference between fixed-gear and full acceleration is mainly the utilization of the electric crank shaft motor. For the mid-range of the cost factors examined, the crank shaft electric motor is used at the end of the fixed-gear acceleration, but the control sequence is not repeated for each gear during the full acceleration. The electric motor supporting the turbocharger is used for higher cost factors than the crank shaft motor, and the amplification from electrical energy input to total energy savings is also the highest.
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Wiriantari, Frysa, and Arya Bagus Mahadwijati Wijaatmaja. "Architecture Design in Energy Usage Efficiency Effort." Journal of Sustainable Development Science 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46650/jsds.2.2.1013.46-52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current world condition where the availability of energy especially non-renewable energy is running low, we are required to be able to use available energy efficiently and as economically as possible. Amid the not yet socialized use of alternative energy, these demands are mandatory. One key to saving energy is the use of electrical energy to meet the needs of lighting and air conditioning. Some ways that can be done to save energy are through the management of utility systems, user behavior and consistency of knowledge related to energy-efficient buildings. Some of the principles used in energy-efficient development are minimizing fuel, adjusting to the surrounding climate conditions, using appropriate materials, while still providing comfort to the user. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method focusing on efforts to minimize energy use in buildings.
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Das, Kritanjali, and Santanu Sharma. "Coulombic efficiency estimation technique for eco-routing in electric vehicles." AIMS Energy 10, no. 3 (2022): 356–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<abstract> <p>A battery source is an indispensable component in electric vehicles and its efficient usage results in improvement of battery life. The amount of energy stored in batteries, including their state of charge and efficiency, are critical metrics for evaluating vehicle performance. This article presents an automated motor-generator linked technique for estimating battery-related parameters, which is an essential aspect of eco-routing in electric vehicles. This system enables discharging of a battery at various current rates by constant resistive loads which are electronically applied. The charging process however uses a charger attached to various sensors for estimating the current. The coulomb counting method has been used which provides information of State of Charge and Coulombic Efficiency of the test battery. Since battery behavior is dynamic; the energy source was charged and discharged over numerous cycles at various current rates. The experimental set-up uses sensors for accurate data acquisition. In addition to the experimental set-up, an electrical circuit battery model has also been simulated in this work. All simulation as well as post processing tasks have been done in the Arduino-MATLAB environment. The main highlight of this system is that the system is portable, easy to operate, low cost and can be used to test all types of batteries. The proposed system is simple and has yielded good results. The battery parameters obtained prove to be vital for range determination in eco-routing of electric vehicles among other applications.</p> </abstract>
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Kassim, Murizah, Maisarah Abdul Rahman, Cik Ku Haroswati Che Ku Yahya, and Azlina Idris. "Mobile Application for Electric Power Monitoring on Energy Consumptions at a Campus University." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp637-644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a research on electric power monitoring prototype mobile applications development on energy consumptions in a university campus. Electric power energy consumptions always are the issue of monitoring usage especially in a broad environment. University campus faces high used of electric power, thus crucial analysis on cause of the usage is needed. This research aims to analyses electric power usage in a university campus where implemented of few smart meters is installed to monitor five main buildings in a campus university. A Monitoring system is established in collecting electric power usage from the smart meters. Data from the smart meter then is analyzed based on energy consume on 5 buildings. Results presents graph on the power energy consume and presented on mobile applications using Live Code coding. The methodology involved the setup of the smart meters, monitoring and data collected from main smart meters, analyzed electrical consumptions for 5 buildings and mobile system development to monitor. A Live Code mobile app is designed then data collected from smart meter using ION software is published in graphs. Results presents the energy consumed for 5 building during day and night. Details on maximum and minimum energy consumption presented that show load of energy used in the campus. Result present Tower 1 saved most eenergy at night which is 65% compared to block 3 which is 8% saved energy although block 3 presents the lowest energy consumption in the working hours and non-working hours. This project is significant that can help campus facility to monitor electric power used thus able to control possible results in future implementations.
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Zensu, Sudarno, and Rinaldy Dalimi. "Implementation of 100% Electric Vehicle in Bali with the Supply of Potential Independent Solar Energy." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2022.003.01.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p class="02abstracttext">Electrical vehicle is the future of transportation. This thesis is about how to transform the usage of fossil fuel vehicle to electrical vehicle in Bali. Bali is an island with the longest distance from one of its districts to Denpasar city is 95,6 km. This distance is reachable by the common electrical vehicle that available in the market now. The usage of the electrical vehicle requires good development and planning, otherwise it will cause problem for the electrical systems. The consumption of electrical energy will increase. In 2019, Bali used 5,908 GWh electricity in a year. And if all the 2 wheels and 4-wheels vehicles now are electrical vehicle, it will require extra 2,823 GWh per year. It will impact the planning of power generation in Bali.Another challenge for the electrical systems is the duck curve problem. The habit of the user charges their vehicle will also impact the daily load curve of an electrical systems. If all the two wheels and four wheels vehicles now are electrical vehicle, and all users conduct the charging at the same time in 4 hours duration, the load will increase about 1,934 GW. The practical and applicable solution is the independent power producer concept by the solar PV. If every electric vehicle user installs the solar PV for their electrical vehicle consumption, this will solve all the problem.</p>
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Zhang, Zhi Jian. "Equipment Design for Classroom Electrical Monitor Based on Power Line Carrier Communication." Advanced Materials Research 952 (May 2014): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to monitor the classroom electrical power usage and achieve low-carbon energy. A kind of monitor equipment was designed by using STM32F103RBT6 as main controller and BWP09 power carrier communication module as the carrier communication media. Using this device, all of electrical appliances in classrooms such as fan, light and air conditioning were under remote centralized control. The control system can turn on or turn off devices and monitor working state of each electric appliance. When electric appliance break down, the system will alarm and send data back to the control room. Waste of electric of energy and burden of classroom administrators were reduced by using this device. Experimental results suggested that the classroom electrical appliance monitor work was stable and reliable, having practical popularized value.
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Paranita Kartika, Kurnia, and Riska Dhenabayu. "THE POTENTIAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEM WITH SWITCHING METHOD ON HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY SCALE." Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34006/jmbi.v9i2.222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to design a Solar Home System with an Arduino-based Smart Switching system so that the use of electrical energy generated by solar panels can be adjusted without adding power from other electricity sources, such as PLN. Calculation of Leveled Cost of Energy (LCOE) is used as the basis for the switching process that will be carried out to regulate the use of household appliances that are routinely used, regulate electricity consumption automatically, minimize usage, and calculate the effectiveness of electric power usage. The way SHS works is to collect electrical energy from sunlight, then convert DC voltage to AC so that it can be used to run household electronic equipment. To accommodate the adequacy of electrical power, an automatic adjustment is made for household appliances that are routinely used, namely house lights, which includes setting the lights on and off and the number of lights that can be activated. The advantage of this research is that the SHS system is integrated with the automatic setting of the lights installed in the house so that the number of lights on will adjust the availability of electrical energy in the battery. In addition, with the LCOE method, the level of usage can be calculated so that users can save electricity. From the results of usage testing, it is found that the application of this switching technology provides benefits for users because it is no longer dependent on PLN supply. From an economic point of view, based on the calculation of Leveled Cost of Energy (LCOE), there is a kWh value savings of Rp. 77, - for each kWh price or about 4.53% compared to purchasing electricity with prepaid mode.
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Narayanan, Muthalagappan. "Configuring the Objective Function of A Model Predictive Controller for An Integrated Thermal-Electrical Decentral Renewable Energy System." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing integration of decentral renewable energy systems in the residential sector, the opportunity to enhance the control via model predictive control is available. In this article, the main focus is to investigate the objective function of the model predictive controller (MPC) of an integrated thermal-electrical renewable energy system consisting of photovoltaics, solar thermal collectors, fuel cell along with auxiliary gas boiler and electricity grid using electrical and thermal storage in a single-family house. The mathematical definition of the objective function and the depth of detailing the objectives are the prime focus of this particular article. Four different objective functions are defined and are investigated on a day-to-day basis in the selected six representative days of the whole year for the single-family house in Ehingen, Germany with a white-box simulation model simulated using TRNSYS and MATLAB. Using the clustering technique then the six representative days are weighted extrapolated to a whole year and the outcomes of the whole year MPC implementation are estimated. The results show that the detailing of the mathematical model, even though is time and personnel consuming, does have its advantages. With the detailed objective function, 9% more solar thermal fraction; 32% less power-to-heat at an expense of 32% more gas boiler usage; 6% more thermal system effectiveness along with 10% increased total self-consumption fraction with 16% decrease in space heating demand, 492 kWh more battery usage and 66% reduced fuel cell production is achieved by the MPC in comparison to the status quo controller. Except for the effectiveness of the thermal system with increased gas boiler usage, which occurs due to less power-to-heat, the detailed objective function in comparison to the simple mathematical definition does evidently increase the smartness of the MPC.
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Shaburov, E., A. Fedyukhin, and O. Derevianko. "Analysis of Energy Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Usage for Thermal and Electrical Energy Production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 272 (June 21, 2019): 022105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/272/2/022105.
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López-de-Armentia, Juan, Diego Casado-Mansilla, Sergio López-Pérez, and Diego López-de-Ipiña. "Reducing Energy Waste through Eco-Aware Everyday Things." Mobile Information Systems 10, no. 1 (2014): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/956135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Society wastes much more energy than it should. This produces tons of unnecessary CO2emissions. This is partly due to the inadequate use of electrical devices given the intangible and invisible nature of energy. This misuse of devices and energy unawareness is particularly relevant in public spaces (offices, schools, hospitals and so on), where people use electrical appliances, but they do not directly pay the invoice to energy providers. Embedding intelligence within public, shared appliances, transforming them into Eco-aware things, is valuable to reduce a proportion of the unnecessarily consumed energy. To this end, we present a twofold approach for better energy efficiency in public spaces: (1) informing persuasively to concerned users about the misuse of electronic appliances; (2) Customizing the operating mode of this everyday electrical appliances as a function of their real usage pattern. To back this approach, a capsule-based coffee machine placed in a research laboratory has been augmented. This device is able to continuously collect its usage pattern to offer feedback to coffee consumers about the energy wasting and also, to intelligently adapt its operation to reduce wasted energy. To this aim, several machine learning approaches are compared and evaluated to forecast the next-day device usage.
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Laksono, Dessy Ariffiyanto. "Implementation of IoT to reduce the use of electrical energy." Borobudur Informatics Review 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/binr.5021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electricity consumption in Indonesia continues to increase by an average of 6.8% per year. IoT in 4.0 industry can be used to help community in reducing energy consumtion, including electricity, by implementing smart home sensor and actuator in IoT can be used to control the electricity consumtion automatically. This research has an objective to design and apply smart home that can reduce the electricity consumtion. The Smart Home device is an Arduino ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller equipped with a PIR sensor, DHT11 sensor and relay. This system is connected to the website as a controlling system. The smart home can also reduce power usage on street light by 7,524.91 watts (59.72%), living room light by 1,500 watts (50%), kitchen light by 2699,94 watts (75 )%), the main room lamp is 1259.98 watts (50%). Smart home system with a timer for one month can reduce power usage by 12,984.83 watts (12.01%) and can reduce the cost of using electrical devices by Rp. 16,881 (12.01%).
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Hairani, Hairani, Anthony Anggrawan, and M. Ade Candra. "Prediction of Electricity Usage with Back-propagation Neural Network." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science Applications (IJECSA) 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/ijecsa.v1i1.1722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of electricity has become a need that is increasing day by day. So it is not surprising that the problem of using electricity has attracted the attention of many researchers to research it. Electricity users make various efforts and ways to save on the use of electrical energy. One of them is saving electricity usage by electricity users using electrical energy-efficient equipment. That is why the previous research confirms the need for interventions to reduce the use of electrical energy. Therefore, this study aims to predict electricity use and measure the performance of the anticipated results of electricity use. This study uses the back-propagation method in predicting the use of electricity. This study concluded that the backpropagation architectural model with better performance is the six hidden layer architecture, 0.4 learning rate, and the Root Means Square Error (RMSE) value of 0.203424. Meanwhile, the training data test results get the best architectural model on hidden layer 8 with a learning rate of 0.3 with an RMSE performance value of 0.035811. The prediction results show that the prediction of electricity consumption is close to the actual data of actual electricity consumption.
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Setiono, I., P. Sasmoko, and W. Heru. "Evaluation study of electrical energy usage using prayer models on post payment for electric customers household." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 801 (June 3, 2020): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/801/1/012057.
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ZIMIN, Lev S., and Alexandra S. YEGHIAZARYAN. "WAYS OF ENERGY SAVING." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.02.21.
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The article views energy saving as motive force for sustainable economic growth in Russia. Electrical energy is a product which determines performance indicators of industrial enterprises, production quality, equipment and apparatus reliability and even mental health of people. The role of education and competence development in the fi eld of energy saving is highlighted. The optimization of energy intensive technologies is also very eff ective. The authors prove that electrical energy is the most ecological energy form, it is more eff ective for usage than mineral fuel. Possible ways of energy saving are studied at operating objects as well as objects in design.
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Defiyani, Eka, Porman Pangaribuan, and Denny Darlis. "Implementation of raindrops energy collector board using piezoelectric transducer." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 11011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819711011.
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Indonesia is a country that has a fairly high rainfall, because it is located in the tropical area. This condition could be a potential for generating electrical energy from raindrops. If the heavy raindrop collide the piezoelectric materials, it can generate electrical energy. The piezoelectric effect was discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880. They found that certain materials, when subjected to mechanical strain, suffered an electrical polarization that was proportional to the applied strain. This piezoelectric effect converts mechanical strain into electrical voltage. The molecular structure of piezoelectric materials produces a coupling between electrical and mechanical domains. In this research, raindrops will be exploited to produce electric voltage by piezoelectric transducer. Piezoelectric transducer used in this research is Lead Zirconate Titanate type. Energy conversion processing occurred when raindrop collide the polymer layer of piezoelectric and make an unelastic thrust on its surface. The designed system consists of raindrops collector board and serial connected piezoelectric transducer. From system above, highest voltage, reach is 3.13 VAC for 30 piezoelectric and the average voltage is 2.617 V. This results show us the potential usage of raindrops energy generator using piezoelectric transducer for tropical countries.
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Tamali, Mohammed, Bouzidi Boumedienne, and Allali Ahmed. "System Reliability-based Optimization Method to Solve Unavailability of Electrical Energy." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 5, no. 3 (July 2016): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2016070104.
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Industrial systems require reliable components. The interactions among components affect the system reliability. In this study, the electrical power system Robustness is evaluated among its sensitivity to potential changes in the intrinsic parameters. Reliability represents a state indicator. In this work, highlights are made on the importance of Maintenance in Sustaining the QoS of a System. Service, Usage, and Consumers are the three components that can seriously harm the System Reliability and especially in a southern regions conditions where temperatures can simply, reach high values. First, a model is proposed after which a series of tests follow for validation. System's Maintenance is a major factor that affects its Longevity within an acceptable Robustness. Therefore maintenance can be fatal to system operation. Maintenance means expected services with respect to recommended Usage and responding to Consumption Demand. For a given period t in time, the EN represents the indicator of the Electrical System Reliability.
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Muhammad Rusydi, Muhammad Rusydi, Aqira Azhar, Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin, and Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad. "Smart Current Monitoring System with Relay Breaker." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 3-2 (December 24, 2019): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n3-2.198.
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Today, the high usage of electrical home appliances has increased the domestic energy consumption. To control the consumption of domestic energy, various techniques were developed to detect current flow and to measure current consumption. Usually, a current sensor was used as a detection device and then send the data wirelessly to a centre point in the house, which is placed near to the main entrance for monitoring and controlling purposes. Wireless technology can provide better connection and reducing the need for wired connection for all power sockets in a house. The usage of LCD is to display current usage for all electrical home appliances will be more useful especially for a multi-storey house. This smart current monitoring system, will help users to monitor and control their electrical home appliances current consumption. The system will monitor each power sockets and transmit the current usage data wirelessly to a centre point which helps in reducing the time to check all the appliances.
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Sirait, Rummi, Nifty Fath, and Eka Purwa Laksana. "SOCIALIZATION OF THE RIGHT ELECTRIC USAGE TO PREVENT HAZARDOUS FIRE IN TUGU SELATAN VILLAGE, KOJA, NORTH JAKARTA." ICCD 2, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol2.iss1.232.
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The use of electrical equipment that is not in accordance with the standards established by SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) and the installation of electrical equipment that is not in accordance with the provisions are still often found in people's homes, so that the threat of electric fire hazards will be possible. Data from the recapitulation of fire incidents in DKI Jakarta Province in 2018 revealed that the biggest cause of fire was due to electrical short circuit, as many as 494 fire incidents occurred in a total of 1667 residences. This is quite alarming because many of the fires are caused by the low quality and installation of cables in most people's homes and residents do not understand the dangers of using inappropriate electrical energy. To participate in assisting the government inconducting socialization about the right electricity usage to prevent fires, the PPM activities in the form of socialization and direct assistance to residents' homes. The purpose of this activity is so that in the future residents of the Tugu Selatan Village of North Jakarta are more concerned about the electrical installations andthe electrical equipment they use by following with specified standards. This activity is very useful for the residents, proven by their enthusiasm in participating in the extension program with questions about the correct use of electrical energy and people's curiosity in knowing how to save electricity usage at home and calculate the cost of using electricity in their homes.
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Tempola, Firman, Miftah Muhammad, Abdul Kadir Maswara, and Rosihan Rosihan. "Rule Formation Application based on C4.5 Algorithm for Household Electricity Usage Prediction." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2167.
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Electrical energy is one of the essential energies for the world due to the fast growth of the world population and houses. In Indonesia, 95 % of the energy used in the household in 2017 is electrical energy. Therefore, reducing the use of electricity in the household is crucial. In the past decades, customers have carried out several approaches to reduce the use of their electricity. One of the widely used methodologies is the EMS. However, the PDCA model has not been implemented in electricity consumption. Subsequently, this study applies such an approach focusing more on the planning stage and is implemented in Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia. The C4.5 algorithm is applied at the planning stage to form a rule in predicting household electricity consumption. Moreover, the system performance is tested using the confusion matrix. The data of electricity consumption is collected and the data is treated with a varying amount depending on the number of the training data applied. The results of the system performance test by applying the confusion matrix are 76.22, 90.3, and 74.4 % for the highest accuracy value, precision, recall, respectively with the number of rules formed by 14. HIGHLIGHTS The need for electrical energy in Indonesia continues to increase, especially the use of household electricity To reduce the consumption of electrical energy, a plan-do-check-act model is used. The research focuses on the plan stage by applying the C4.5 algorithm The highest system accuracy is 73.33 % with 14 rules formed GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Birch, Christina, Rodger Edwards, Sarah Mander, and Andy Sheppard. "Assessing unregulated electricity consumption in a case study university." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419891554.
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Energy consumption in buildings varies considerably depending on type and usage. However, monitoring and regulation of electrical power consumption due to user-related activities are not presently embedded in current English Building Regulations. These energy uses include lifts, server rooms, and small power loads, and are collectively referred to as unregulated energy usage. As part of a larger study of unregulated energy usage in university campus buildings, this paper describes the development and demonstration of a methodology for quantifying unregulated power usage using Building Energy Management System data for a case study university. The methodology was applied to four different buildings. This approach was applied to a Chemical Laboratory, a Physical Science Laboratory, a Library and an Administration Office. The results obtained revealed that electrical consumption was consistently much higher than traditional benchmarks suggest as being normal, particularly within the laboratories. Additionally, within the specific unregulated electricity case study, four rooms in the Physical Science Laboratory indicated very high unregulated electricity usage figures, averaging at 89 kWhm−2 per annum across just four rooms. Practical application: Unregulated energy research, within the Higher Education Sector, is undeveloped. Previous literature focuses on specific areas of unregulated energy, such as equipment usage. However, analysis based on different room types has not been completed on a wider scale. Hence, there is a gap in the current research. This research shows analysis of unregulated energy in different university buildings. It develops a methodology to further understanding on this undeveloped area. Additionally, it advises that unregulated energy must be calculated during a building’s design stage. By using a selection of case studies, this research furthers understanding on the overall effects of unregulated energy.
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Chukwuedo, J. A. "Analysis of Domestic Energy Usage for Electrical Appliances in a Nigerian Metropolitan Area." Advances in Multidisciplinary & Scientific Research Journal Publication 7, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/digital/v7n1p5.
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Miraftabzadeh, Seyed Mahdi, Michela Longo, and Federica Foiadelli. "Estimation Model of Total Energy Consumptions of Electrical Vehicles under Different Driving Conditions." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040854.
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The ubiquitous influence of E-mobility, especially electrical vehicles (EVs), in recent years has been considered in the electrical power system in which CO2 reduction is the primary concern. Having an accurate and timely estimation of the total energy demand of EVs defines the interaction between customers and the electrical power grid, considering the traffic flow, power demand, and available charging infrastructures around a city. The existing EV energy prediction methods mainly focus on a single electric vehicle energy demand; to the best of our knowledge, none of them address the total energy that all EVs consume in a city. This situation motivated us to develop a novel estimation model in the big data regime to calculate EVs’ total energy consumption for any desired time interval. The main contribution of this article is to learn the generic demand patterns in order to adjust the schedules of power generation and prevent any electrical disturbances. The proposed model successfully handled 100 million records of real-world taxi routes and weather condition datasets, demonstrating that energy consumptions are highly correlated to the weekdays’ traffic flow. Moreover, the pattern identifies Thursdays and Fridays as the days of peak energy usage, while weekend days and holidays present the lowest range.
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Testa, Bridget Mintz. "Building the New Electric Grid." Mechanical Engineering 131, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2009-dec-1.
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This article focuses on benefits of the electric meters capable of sharing real-time usage data with the company and customers alike. Creating the smart grid on a national scale will be perhaps the biggest change to the electrical system since the rural electrification effort of the 1930s. Companies are trying to get a more reliable energy system through, for example, outage management systems, rebalancing loads, and getting help with rebalancing through consumers controlling their usage. To provide real-time or near-real time information, which is needed for consumers to monitor and control their usage, the electric meters must communicate with each other frequently. Sensing and monitoring devices at customer premises that let customers control their electric use are explicit elements of smart grids The future smart grid, Smart Grid 2.0, is next-generation, interactive, self-healing, distributed everywhere, and has an innate capability to reach every device.
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Leslie, RP, R. Raghavan, O. Howlett, and C. Eaton. "The potential of simplified concepts for daylight harvesting." Lighting Research & Technology 37, no. 1 (March 2005): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1365782805li127oa.
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Daylighting systems offer tremendous potential for reducing the energy consumption of electric lighting, but their usage has been inhibited by high costs and imperfect performance of current technologies. This paper presents predictions of energy savings for two proposed daylighting technologies, a daylight-sensing switch and an automatic blinds system, which employ simple, inexpensive components and designs. Assumptions of solar irradiance, blind position, blind operation behaviour, and light switching behaviour were combined with illuminance data and daylight factors to develop an algorithm for calculating the potential energy usages of six different systems in commercial private offices and open plan offices. Results show that the combined usage of the proposed technologies perform with an average annual energy saving of 24% compared with manual switching and blinds operation in Albany, New York. Compared with a photosensor-operated dimming system, the proposed technologies combined show better performance during summer months. Comparisons were also made for the systems in six US climatic regions.
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Shefer, O., B. Topikha, V. Shefer, and O. Zhurkin. "OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY USE IN TELECOMMUNICATION OBJECTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NON-LINEAR LOADING." Системи управління, навігації та зв’язку. Збірник наукових праць 2, no. 54 (April 11, 2019): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2019.2.051.
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The article deals with an improved method of optimization of the usage of electric energy in the object of telecommunications provided constant and variable non-linear load. The mentioned method deals with contradictions, which stands in the need of increasing fundamental harmonic, which causes problems in the practical implementation and reduction of the current with high harmonics of nonlinear variable load. It was established that a weighty part of telecommunication equipment is a non-linear load, operation of which leads to significant network distortions. The classification of negative factors, associated with the emergence of higher harmonics of currents and voltages and methods of their suppression was given. To optimize the transmission of electricity in the nonlinear load it was proposed to use a special power supply, which further need to be enabled in electrical circuit and then it provides compensation of the higher harmonics of nonlinear current. Scheme solutions of optimizers of transmission of electric energy to the non-linear load with constant and variable parameters were presented. The structure and algorithm of the method of optimization of electricity, which deals with determination of the amplitude and phase of harmonics of non-linear load by the method of fast conversion of Fourier and formation of signal control by the active filter of harmonics, were determined. Conclusion. Due to the application of the method of optimization of transmission and usage of electric energy, which takes into account changes in nonlinear load and harmonic current parameters, the quality of electric energy usage is increased and the nominal mode of operation of telecommunication objects is provided.
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Dr, Kottilingam. "A DYNAMIC ROUTING MODEL FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation 01, no. 01 (September 20, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.1.006.
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The recent steady hikes in the prices of the oil/gases and the need for the healthier ecosystem, has led to the larger increase in the interest of the vehicles to move to alternative energy resources that causes a low carbon emission. The hybrid electric vehicle that utilizes both the internal combustion engine and the electrical engine is becoming a predominant option for the vehicle with the low carbon emission than the pure electric vehicle that is restricted due to the limited battery usage. To have an optimal mode of selection of the routes for the hybrid electric vehicle, the paper proposes a method for the identification of minimum delay geographical routing in advance by determining the shortest paths available to the destinations using the prim’s minimum spanning tree algorithm, and employing Tabu-Search in enumerating the minimum delay path in order to have a reduced energy usage and a low carbon emission that paves way for the development of the eco-friendly environment.
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Ullah, Amin, Kilichbek Haydarov, Ijaz Ul Haq, Khan Muhammad, Seungmin Rho, Miyoung Lee, and Sung Wook Baik. "Deep Learning Assisted Buildings Energy Consumption Profiling Using Smart Meter Data." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030873.
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The exponential growth in population and their overall reliance on the usage of electrical and electronic devices have increased the demand for energy production. It needs precise energy management systems that can forecast the usage of the consumers for future policymaking. Embedded smart sensors attached to electricity meters and home appliances enable power suppliers to effectively analyze the energy usage to generate and distribute electricity into residential areas based on their level of energy consumption. Therefore, this paper proposes a clustering-based analysis of energy consumption to categorize the consumers’ electricity usage into different levels. First, a deep autoencoder that transfers the low-dimensional energy consumption data to high-level representations was trained. Second, the high-level representations were fed into an adaptive self-organizing map (SOM) clustering algorithm. Afterward, the levels of electricity energy consumption were established by conducting the statistical analysis on the obtained clustered data. Finally, the results were visualized in graphs and calendar views, and the predicted levels of energy consumption were plotted over the city map, providing a compact overview to the providers for energy utilization analysis.
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Amouzard Mahdiraji, Wincent Ghafour. "Electrical Energy Harvesting from Cooker’s Wasted Heat with Using Conduction Cooling." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202021.
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In order meet the demand of electricity in current era, the need for new sources of energy even in very minimal amount, could be done with proper research and technology advancement in order to convert as much wasted energy as possible. Collecting and analyses cooker’s wasted heat as a main wasted energy source become the main interest for this research. This application can be installed either in household usage or commercial usage. Based on majority stove in household datasheet it shown that the efficiency of the stove is approximately 50%. With half of the efficiency turn into wasted heat, this application is suitable for thermoelectric generator (TEG) to harvest the heat. The objective of this research is to determine whether the thermoelectric generator (TEG) would able to power the 3V LED light as a small lighting system in household. Several designs with five TEGs in series circuit are tested to the application to analyses which method generated a better result. Since this research only focus in using a conduction cooling, aluminum heat sink will be utilized either for heat absorption or heat rejection. The maximum temperature differences between hot side and cold side is 209.83 °C with average power approximately 0.1 W.
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Cekdin, Cekmas, Zainuddin Nawawi, and Muhammad Faizal. "The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy source." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.13072.
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Tamilselvi, S., S. Gunasundari, N. Karuppiah, Abdul Razak RK, S. Madhusudan, Vikas Madhav Nagarajan, T. Sathish, Mohammed Zubair M. Shamim, C. Ahamed Saleel, and Asif Afzal. "A Review on Battery Modelling Techniques." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810042.
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The growing demand for electrical energy and the impact of global warming leads to a paradigm shift in the power sector. This has led to the increased usage of renewable energy sources. Due to the intermittent nature of the renewable sources of energy, devices capable of storing electrical energy are required to increase its reliability. The most common means of storing electrical energy is battery systems. Battery usage is increasing in the modern days, since all mobile systems such as electric vehicles, smart phones, laptops, etc., rely on the energy stored within the device to operate. The increased penetration rate of the battery system requires accurate modelling of charging profiles to optimise performance. This paper presents an extensive study of various battery models such as electrochemical models, mathematical models, circuit-oriented models and combined models for different types of batteries. It also discusses the advantages and drawbacks of these types of modelling. With AI emerging and accelerating all over the world, there is a scope for researchers to explore its application in multiple fields. Hence, this work discusses the application of several machine learning and meta heuristic algorithms for battery management systems. This work details the charging and discharging characteristics using the black box and grey box techniques for modelling the lithium-ion battery. The approaches, advantages and disadvantages of black box and grey box type battery modelling are analysed. In addition, analysis has been carried out for extracting parameters of a lithium-ion battery model using evolutionary algorithms.
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Johnson, Tyler, and Dawn Taylor. "Improving reaching with functional electrical stimulation by incorporating stiffness modulation." Journal of Neural Engineering 18, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 055009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac2f7a.
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Abstract Objective. Intracortical recordings have now been combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) of arm/hand muscles to demonstrate restoration of upper-limb function after spinal cord injury. However, for each desired limb position decoded from the brain, there are multiple combinations of muscle stimulation levels that can produce that position. The objective of this simulation study is to explore how modulating the amount of coactivation of antagonist muscles during FES can impact reaching performance and energy usage. Stiffening the limb by cocontracting antagonist muscles makes the limb more resistant to perturbation. Minimizing cocontraction saves energy and reduces fatigue. Approach. Prior demonstrations of reaching via FES used a fixed empirically-derived lookup table for each joint that defined the muscle stimulation levels that would position the limb at the desired joint angle decoded from the brain at each timestep. This study expands on that previous work by using simulations to: (a) test the feasibility of controlling arm reaching using a suite of lookup tables with varying levels of cocontraction instead of a single fixed lookup table for each joint, (b) optimize a simple function for automatically switching between these different cocontraction tables using only the desired kinematic information already being decoded from the brain, and (c) compare energy savings and movement performance when using the optimized function to automatically modulate cocontraction during reaching versus using the best fixed level of cocontraction. Main results. Our data suggests energy usage and/or movement performance can be significantly improved by dynamically modulating limb stiffness using our multi-table method and a simple function that determines cocontraction level based on decoded endpoint speed and its derivative. Significance. By demonstrating how modulating cocontraction can reduce energy usage while maintaining or even improving movement performance, this study makes brain-controlled FES a more viable option for restoration of reaching after paralysis.
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Nemirovskiy, Alexandr, Galina Kichigina, Regina Salikhova, and Alexandr Alyunov. "Features of electroosmosis usage for drying and moisture protection of electrical equipment." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801078.
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The article describes a new method for drying electric motors and transformers based on electrokinetic phenomenon of electroosmosis. The process of electroosmotic motion of moisture in insulation capillaries is described. The advantages of electroosmotic drying associated with a significant reduction in energy and labor costs are presented.
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Radmanesh, Hamid, Seyed Saeid Heidari Yazdi, G. B. Gharehpetian, and S. H. Fathi. "Modelling and Simulation of Fuel Cell Dynamics for Electrical Energy Usage of Hercules Airplanes." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/593121.
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Dynamics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) with hydrogen storage system for generating part of Hercules airplanes electrical energy is presented. Feasibility of using fuel cell (FC) for this airplane is evaluated by means of simulations. Temperature change and dual layer capacity effect are considered in all simulations. Using a three-level 3-phase inverter, FC’s output voltage is connected to the essential bus of the airplane. Moreover, it is possible to connect FC’s output voltage to airplane DC bus alternatively. PID controller is presented to control flow of hydrogen and oxygen to FC and improve transient and steady state responses of the output voltage to load disturbances. FC’s output voltage is regulated via an ultracapacitor. Simulations are carried out via MATLAB/SIMULINK and results show that the load tracking and output voltage regulation are acceptable. The proposed system utilizes an electrolyser to generate hydrogen and a tank for storage. Therefore, there is no need for batteries. Moreover, the generated oxygen could be used in other applications in airplane.
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Ananwattanaporn, Santipont, Theerasak Patcharoen, Sulee Bunjongjit, and Atthapol Ngaopitakkul. "Retrofitted Existing Residential Building Design in Energy and Economic Aspect According to Thailand Building Energy Code." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041398.
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Electrical energy usage in buildings is a challenging issue because many old buildings were not originally built to achieve energy efficiency. Thus, retrofitting old buildings to net-zero buildings can benefit both the owner and electric utilities. In this study, the BEC (building energy code) software was used to evaluate energy aspects of retrofitted buildings in compliance with Thailand’s building energy code to achieve a net-zero energy building. In addition, economic aspects were also studied to verify the feasibility for a project’s owner to invest in a retrofitted existing building. An existing residential building in Thailand was used as a case study. The results in terms of energy after retrofitting existing buildings into net-zero energy buildings show that the total energy consumption can be reduced by 49.36%. From an economic perspective, the investment cost for a retrofitted building can be compensated by energy saving in terms of discounted payback period (DPP) for approximately 4.36 years and has an IRR (internal rate of return) value of 19.23%. This result evidences the potential in both energy and economy for a project’s owner to invest in a retrofitted existing building in compliance with the building code, with potential for implementation with benefits on both electrical utilities and the project’s owner.
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Kachhwaha, Aditya, Ghamgeen Izat Rashed, Akhil Ranjan Garg, Om Prakash Mahela, Baseem Khan, Muhammed Badeaa Shafik, and Mohamed G. Hussien. "Design and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Battery and Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System for Electrical Vehicle Active Power Management." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020776.
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The electrical energy storage system faces numerous obstacles as green energy usage rises. The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is growing in tandem with the technological advance of EV range on a single charge. To tackle the low-range EV problem, an effective electrical energy storage device is necessary. Traditionally, electric vehicles have been powered by a single source of power, which is insufficient to handle the EV’s dynamic demand. As a result, a unique storage medium is necessary to meet the EV load characteristics of high-energy density and high-power density. This EV storage system is made up of two complementing sources: chemical batteries and ultracapacitors/supercapacitors. The benefits of using ultracapacitors in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to meet the low-power electric car dynamic load are explored in this study. In this paper, a HESS technique for regulating the active power of low-powered EV simulations was tested in a MATLAB/Simulink environment with various dynamic loading situations. The feature of this design, as noted from the simulation results, is that it efficiently regulates the DC link voltage of an EV with a hybrid source while putting minimal load stress on the battery, resulting in longer battery life, lower costs, and increased vehicle range.
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Zulkarnain, Novan. "Energy Monitoring System Berbasis Web." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2524.
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Government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) encourages the energy savings at whole buildings in Indonesia. Energy Monitoring System (EMS) is a web-based solution to monitor energy usage in a building. The research methods used are the analysis, prototype design and testing. EMSconsists of hardware which consists of electrical sensors, temperature-humidity sensor, and a computer. Data on EMS are designed using Modbus protocol, stored in MySQL database application, and displayed on charts through Dashboard on LED TV using PHP programming.
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Batista Lopes Gonçalves Junior, João, Livia Da Silva Oliveira, David Barbosa de Alencar, and Jorge De Almeida Brito Junior. "Electric Energy Reuse of Plastic Injection Machine Motors for Lighting Circuit in a Manaus-Amazonas Industrial Pole Company." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1810.
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This work aims to reuse the electric energy used in three-phase induction motors of an industrial plastic injector for the lighting circuit of the same warehouse where the injectors are located, thus eliminating the need to use the energy of the electric company. Any resource that reuses electricity with better efficiency becomes essential today, making it a solution for industries that are thinking of saving the energy used in the productive processes in the manufacture of goods.This project uses a synchronous generator coupled to a three-phase induction motor of a plastic injector, which will reuse the electrical energy used of the induction motor to mechanically drive the synchronous generator, that will be able to generate enough electrical power in its coils for a 47-light shed lighting circuit, thus eliminating the need to use utility power, saving a portion of the energy usage costs on the monthly bill. This installation of the synchronous generator was performed on equipment of the company Moto Honda da Amazônia, which has a 24-hour operating regime for six days a week.
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Buranaaudsawakul, Techatat, and Kittipol Wisaeng. "Oversized Electrical Appliance Impacts on Condominium Energy Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness Management: Experts’ Perspectives." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4040098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A direct use approach incorporating a cost approach assumed that replacing oversized electrical appliances with those better fit to actual energy consumption can reduce energy consumption, optimizing capacities of the new appliances to the maximum while reducing electricity costs. This study aimed to verify the assumption that the size of appliances has impacts on energy consumption and cost effectiveness. A mixed-method approach included these instruments for data elicitations (i.e., a questionnaire, data records of 485 transformers, two assessments of condominium technical caretakers, and two in-depth interviews of electrical engineering experts). The findings revealed that most condominiums installed electric appliances that are too large for their actual energy usage, which lies between 5.4% and 7.1% of the capacity. This study therefore proposed a total cost reduction of 54% by downsizing these appliances (i.e., MV Switchgear 2 sets, dry type transformer 2 sets 80,000, LV Cable 10 m. (XLPE), main distribution board, Busduct (MDB-DB), generator (20% of Tr.), and generator installation). Even though this analysis is limited to Bangkok, Thailand, this case may contribute decision-making on electrical appliance selection at early stage of investment or to downsize the currently installed appliances for the more energy efficient and cost-effective management of condominiums around the world.