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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Electrical cycling"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Electrical cycling"

Muraki, Satoshi, Ché Fornusek, Jacqui Raymond, and Glen Macartney Davis. "Muscle oxygenation during prolonged electrical stimulation-evoked cycling in paraplegics." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, no. 3 (March 2007): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-007.

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This study investigated cardiorespiratory responses and muscle oxygenation during prolonged electrical stimulation (ES)-evoked leg cycling in individuals with paraplegia (PARA). Four PARA and 6 able-bodied (AB) persons participated in this study. Subjects performed 10 min of passive cycling and 40 min of active cycling (PARA, ES cycling; AB, voluntary cycling) at workloads selected to elicit an equivalent oxygen uptake between groups. Cycling power output, cardiorespiratory responses, mechanical efficiency, and quadriceps muscle oxygenation (measured with near-infrared spectroscopy) were measured over the duration of the exercise. Oxygen uptake was similar in both groups during active cycling (PARA, 737 ± 177 mL·min–1; AB, 840 ± 90 mL·min–1). The cycling power output for PARA individuals commenced at 8.8 W, but varied considerably over 40 min. PARA individuals demonstrated markedly lower gross mechanical efficiency (~1.3%) during ES cycling compared with AB individuals performing voluntary exercise (~12.6%). During ES cycling, muscle oxygen saturation (SO2) decreased to approximately 72 ± 19%, whereas SO2 during volitional cycling was unaltered from resting levels. Muscle oxygenated haemoglobin initially decreased (–23%) during ES cycling, but returned to resting levels after 10 min. Deoxygenated haemoglobin initially rose during the first 5 min of ES cycling, and remained elevated by 28% thereafter. Upon cessation of ES cycling, lower-limb muscle oxygenation increased (+93%), suggesting reactive hyperaemia in PARA individuals after such exercise. During ES cycling, muscle oxygenation followed a different pattern to that observed in AB individuals performing voluntary cycling at an equivalent VO2. Equilibrium between oxygen demand and oxygen delivery was reached during prolonged ES cycling, despite the lack of neural adjustments of leg vasculature in the paralyzed lower limbs.

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Dixon, Warren, and Matthew Bellman. "Cycling." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 09 (September 1, 2016): S3—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-sep-4.

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This article presents an overview of a control systems perspective. An electric field when applied to yield functional tasks is called as functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES is commonly prescribed as a treatment for various neurological disorders. Given the existence of regions in the crank cycle where it is inefficient to produce torque, a motor can be included as another torque source. FES control of the muscles yields cadence tracking in torque efficient regions, while the motor yields cadence tracking when it is efficient for the limbs to produce torque. The inclusion of a motor enables switching between stable systems and eliminates the need for the development of sufficient dwell-time conditions. Hence, the development of adaptive switched controllers for motorized FES-cycling systems may have a closer horizon. The inclusion of a motor also expands the possible control objectives that can be pursued.

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Pilutti, Lara A., Thomas Edwards, Robert W. Motl, and Emerson Sebastião. "Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Exercise in People with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 21, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2018-048.

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Abstract Background: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling is an advanced rehabilitation modality that involves systematic mild electrical stimulation of focal muscle groups to produce leg cycling movement against an adjustable work rate. The present study reports on the efficacy of an assessor-blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial of supervised FES cycling exercise in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) on secondary trial outcomes, including cognition, fatigue, pain, and health-related quality of life. Methods: Eleven adult participants with MS were randomized to receive FES cycling exercise (n = 6) or passive leg cycling (n = 5) for 24 weeks. Cognitive processing speed was assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Symptoms of fatigue and pain were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Physical and psychological health-related quality of life were assessed using the 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. Results: Eight participants (four, FES; four, passive leg cycling) completed the intervention and outcome assessments. The FES cycling exercise resulted in moderate-to-large improvements in cognitive processing speed (d = 0.53), fatigue severity (d = −0.92), fatigue impact (d = −0.45 to −0.68), and pain symptoms (d = −0.67). The effect of the intervention on cognitive performance resulted in a clinically meaningful change, based on established criteria. Conclusions: We provide preliminary evidence for the benefits of FES cycling exercise on cognition and symptoms of fatigue and pain. Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials of FES cycling exercise are necessary to determine its efficacy for people with MS.

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Gfohler, M., and P. Lugner. "Cycling by means of functional electrical stimulation." IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering 8, no. 2 (June 2000): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/86.847825.

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Shariat, Ardalan, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Brandon S. Shaw, Ramin Kordi, Mehdi Kargarfard, and Ina Shaw. "CYCLING TRAINING AND FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR POST-STROKE PATIENTS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 4 (August 2018): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182404187549.

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ABSTRACT Introducion: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. The prevalence of stroke in developing countries such as South Africa and Iran is growing, especially in an increasingly younger population. In Iran, the annual stroke incidence ranges from 23 to 103 per 100,000 inhabitants, with the rate being higher in those aged 15-45 years. Problematically, almost 50% of stroke patients face difficulties in performing activities of daily living, hence the importance of functional rehabilitation. These factors necessitate cost-effective solutions in developing countries, where there is insufficient research focused on practical solutions for treatment/rehabilitation. Objective: We hypothesize that while progressive cycling training would activate cortical regions and that cycling speed feedback could lead to additional cortical activations and resultant improvements in cycling performance, combined cycling training and functional electrical stimulation would result in superior improvements in cycling performance, aerobic capacity, and functional performance in post-stroke patients. Conclusions: Ultimately, we expect this hypothesis to provide a useful framework for facilitating combined cycling and functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation research in post-stroke patient populations. Level of Evidence V; Expert opinion.

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Harrington, Ann Tokay, Calum G. A. McRae, and Samuel C. K. Lee. "Evaluation of Functional Electrical Stimulation to Assist Cycling in Four Adolescents with Spastic Cerebral Palsy." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/504387.

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Introduction. Adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) often have difficulty participating in exercise at intensities necessary to improve cardiovascular fitness. Functional electrical stimulation- (FES-) assisted cycling is proposed as a form of exercise for adolescents with CP. The aims of this paper were to adapt methods and assess the feasibility of applying FES cycling technology in adolescents with CP, determine methods of performing cycling tests in adolescents with CP, and evaluate the immediate effects of FES assistance on cycling performance.Materials/Methods. Four participants (12–14 years old; GMFCS levels III-IV) participated in a case-based pilot study of FES-assisted cycling in which bilateral quadriceps muscles were activated using surface electrodes. Cycling cadence, power output, and heart rate were collected.Results. FES-assisted cycling was well tolerated (n=4) and cases are presented demonstrating increased cadence (2–43 rpm), power output (19–70%), and heart rates (4-5%) and decreased variability (8–13%) in cycling performance when FES was applied, compared to volitional cycling without FES assistance. Some participants (n=2) required the use of an auxiliary hub motor for assistance.Conclusions. FES-assisted cycling is feasible for individuals with CP and may lead toimmediateimprovements in cycling performance. Future work will examine the potential for long-term fitness gains using this intervention.

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Berkelmans, Rik. "Fes cycling." Journal of Automatic Control 18, no. 2 (2008): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0802073b.

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Many research with functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been done to regain mobility and for health benefits. Better results have been reported for FES-cycling than for FES-walking. The majority of the subjects during such research are people with a spinal cord injury (SCI), cause they often lost skin sensation. Besides using surface stimulation also implanted stimulators can be used. This solves the skin sensation problem, but needs a surgery. Many physiological effects of FES-cycling has been reported, e.g., increase of muscles, better blood flow, reduction of pressure ulcers, improved self-image and some reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Also people with an incomplete SCI benefit by FES-cycling, e.g. cycling time without FES, muscle strength and also the walking abilities increased. Hybrid exercise gives an even better cardiovascular training. Presently 4 companies are involved in FES-cycling. They all have a stationary mobility trainer. Two of them also use an outdoor tricycle. One combined with voluntary arm cranking. By optimizing the stimulation parameters the power output and fatigue resistance will increase, but will still be less compared to voluntary cycling.

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Venables, M. "SportsTech: Cycling." Engineering & Technology 8, no. 6 (July 1, 2013): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2013.0615.

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Mate, Ms Suzie, Dr Nicholas Corr, Dr Daniel Hackett, Professor Michael Barnett, Prof Maria A. Fiatarone Singh AM, and Dr Ché Fornusek. "FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION COMBINED WITH VOLUNTARY CYCLING ACCENTUATES VO2 RESPONSE IN PEOPLE WITH ADVANCED MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A PILOT STUDY." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 13, s2 (May 1, 2024): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.379.

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INTRODUCTION & AIMS Lower limb muscle weakness and reduced balance due to disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) may make robust aerobic exercise difficult. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling combined with voluntary cycling may allow people with advanced MS to enhance the intensity of aerobic exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory, power, and participant perceptions during acute bouts of FES cycling, voluntary cycling, and FES cycling combined with voluntary cycling (FES assist cycling). METHODS Participants with advanced MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] ≥ 6.0) undertook three exercise trials on a leg cycle ergometer. Trial 1: 30 minutes of FES cycling; Trial 2: two 10-minute bouts of voluntary cycling separated by 10 minutes rest; and Trial 3: a combination of trials 1 and 2 (FES assist cycling). Outcome measures included VO2, cycle power output, heart rate, exertion, and post-exercise perceptions of fatigue. RESULTS Ten people with advanced MS participated (9 female; age 52.4±9.98 y; EDSS 7.1±0.6). Average VO2 during the 30-minute trials was significantly higher for FES assist cycling compared to voluntary cycling (429.7 ± 111.0 vs 388.5 ± 101.0 mL/min, 95% CI 23.4 to 113.0 mL/min, p=0.01), with a large effect size (Hedges’ g=1.04). Participants reported similar perceptions of exertion at the end of each trial (p=0.14). There was no difference in self-reported fatigue at the end of each trial (p=0.21). CONCLUSION This study found FES assist cycling produced significantly higher VO2 values than voluntary cycling, although the clinical significance of these differences is unknown. Participants performed FES assist cycling at a self-reported levels of exertion consistent with moderate to vigorous intensity, however it was considered light-intensity exercise when expressed by METS. FES assist cycling was no more fatiguing post-exercise than the other modes.

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Lim, Jin-Hwan, Mi-Seon Choi, and Tae-Hyun Nam. "Effect of Thermal Cycling on Transformation Behavior of Ti–24Nb–1Mo Alloy (at.%)." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 6792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18787.

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The effect of thermal cycling on the transformation behavior of a Ti–24Nb–1Mo alloy was investigated by means of electrical resistivity measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile test and Vickers hardness tests. Electrical resistivity changes were not observed in all alloys. It indicates that thermally induced martensitic transformation does not take place in the alloys. After thermal cycling between 298 K and 77 K, clear X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to ωath phase, which did not exist before thermal cycling, were observed. Volume fraction of ωath phase increased as increasing the number of thermal cycling. ωath phase formed during thermal cycling increased hardness of the alloy. Although thermally induced martensitic transformation did not occur in the alloys, superelastic deformation behavior was observed in the alloys. The superelastic recovery ratio decreased from 81% to 41% by increasing the number of thermal cycling, which came from the increase in the volume fraction of ωath phase.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Electrical cycling"

Stone, Barry A. "Control strategies for functional electrical stimulation induced cycling." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1533/.

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Functional Electrical Stimulation cycling ergometers and mobile cycling systems have been developed over a number of years to allow Spinal Cord Injured persons to exercise. Standard able bodied exercise tests are adapted and applied to paraplegic cyclists. A modified recumbent tricycle is instrumentated with an electric motor and sensors to measure cadence and the power produced by the cyclist at the crank. They are then integrated to a stimulator and a laptop computer. The tricycle is mounted on an indoor cycling trainer to provide a novel test bed for the implementation of exercise testing. Controllers are desired to control cadence and power during cycling. Identification of input-output data for the cadence-motor loop and the power-stimulation loop is undertaken. Three muscle groups are stimulated on a paraplegic subject to produce power. Models are identified of the power and cadence systems. Thereafter controllers are designed, via polynomial methods. The results show that the controllers are robust during cadence tracking, power tracking and for disturbance rejection. The controllers can be accurately applied to exercise testing protocols. The concept of VO2 control is induced. VO2 is the rate of oxygen uptake during exercise. VO2-power dynamics are identified and as before a model is fitted to the measured data. Controllers are designed and further modified, as the understanding of the VO2 dynamics is developed. This is through a series of tests to improve the accuracy of the control. The results illustrate that VO2 control is a novel and practical application. These findings develop the field of functional Electrical Stimulation Induced Cycling within the laboratory. However further work is required to develop this application outside laboratory conditions.

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Kapur, Kishen Narain. "Mechanical and electrical characterization of IC leads during fatigue cycling." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references.

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Schauer, Thomas. "Feedback control of cycling in spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1524/.

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This thesis is concerned with the realisation of leg cycling by means of FES in SCI individuals with complete paraplegia. FES lower-limb cycling can be safely performed by paraplegics on static ergometers or recumbent tricycles. In this work, different FES cycling systems were developed for clinical and home use. Two design approaches have been followed. The first is based on the adaptation of commercially available recumbent tricycles. This results in devices which can be used as static trainers or for mobile cycling. The second design approach utilises a commercially available motorised ergometer which can be operated while sitting in a wheelchair. The developed FES cycling systems can be operated in isotonic (constant cycling resistance) or isokinetic mode (constant cadence) when used as static trainers. This represents a novelty compared to existing FES cycling systems. In order to realise isokinetic cycling, an electric motor is needed to assist or resist the cycling movement to maintain a constant cadence. Repetitive control technology is applied to the motor in this context to virtually eliminate disturbance caused by the FES activated musculature which are periodic with respect to the cadence. Furthermore, new methods for feedback control of the patient’s work rate have been introduced. A one year pilot study on FES cycling with paraplegic subjects has been carried out. Effective indoor cycling on a trainer setup could be achieved for long periods up to an hour, and mobile outdoor cycling was performed over useful distances. Power output of FES cycling was in the range of 15 to 20 W for two of the three subjects at the end of the pilot study. A muscle strengthening programme was carried out prior and concurrent to the FES cycling. Feedback control of FES assisted weight lifting exercises by quadriceps stimulation has been studied in this context.

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Abdulla, Shwan Chatto. "Intelligent control for a novel assist mechanism in functional electrical stimulation cycling." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6849/.

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Duffell, Lynsey Diane. "An investigation of functional electrical stimulation cycling for people with spinal cord injury." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-of-functional-electrical-stimulation-cycling-for-people-with-spinal-cord-injury(4560dd1b-b718-4a0f-8589-1c0f44ba2815).html.

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Armstrong, Ellen L. "Activate-CP: Let's Ride a Bike! Efficacy of a functional-electrical-stimulation cycling, adapted cycling and goal-directed training program for children with cerebral palsy." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/400454.

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Background: Advances in modern medicine and a proliferation of high-quality research focused on the prevention, diagnosis and early intervention for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) have led to remarkable declines in the incidence and severity of CP in high income countries over the past decade. The result is less children are being born with CP and the severity of motor impairments and associated conditions are decreasing. There is, however, more work to be done to develop safe and effective rehabilitative interventions for children living with CP who are marginally ambulant or non-ambulant (Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) levels III-V). Some children with CP experience declining gross motor function as they transition from childhood to adolescence, resulting in the loss of ability to perform sit-to-stand (STS) transfers, ambulate or participate in leisure activities. Goal-directed training approaches to improve gross motor function in children with CP are substantiated by high quality evidence, with a strong focus on ambulant children (GMFCS I-III). Adapted cycling is part of a burgeoning area of interest for healthcare workers who are committed to finding safe and inclusive modes of exercise for children with CP across all GMFCS levels. It can be difficult, however, for some children to self-propel on an adapted bike, and the efficacy of cycling to improve gross motor function is unclear. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) cycling is a novel technology that may provide opportunities for children with CP to strengthen their lower limbs, improve functional independence and increase their capacity to cycle on an adapted bike in the community. In light of the scarcity of evidence-based rehabilitative interventions appropriate for both ambulant and non-ambulant children with CP, a program of goal-directed training, FES-cycling and adapted cycling was developed. Aim: This doctoral program aimed to: (i) determine the efficacy of cycling-based interventions to improve functional outcomes in children aged 2-18 years (GMFCS levels I-V); (ii) design an intervention of goal-directed training, FES-cycling and adapted cycling based on current evidence (Activate-CP); (iii) test the efficacy of Activate-CP to improve gross motor function, goal performance and satisfaction in children with CP compared to usual care; (iv) determine if functional improvements gained during Activate-CP training could be retained, eight weeks after completing the training, and (v) explore the experiences of participants and parents in the Activate-CP training program. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed to inform the development of Activate-CP: an eight-week program of goal-directed training, FES-cycling and adapted cycling. A waitlist randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol was designed and implemented to test the efficacy of Activate-CP to improve gross motor function, goal performance and satisfaction in ambulant and non-ambulant children with CP (GMFCS II-IV), aged 6-18 years old. Participants were randomized to the intervention group (n=11) who commenced Activate-CP training immediately, or a waitlist control group (n=10). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-training and at eight-weeks post-training (follow-up). Primary outcomes were gross motor function assessed by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and goal performance/satisfaction assessed by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Secondary outcome measures included the five times sit-to-stand test (FTSTS), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Index (PEDI-CAT), Participation and Environment Measure-Children and Youth (PEM-CY) and cycling power output and resistance. Pre-training, post-training and follow-up data from both groups were pooled to investigate retention of effects at eight-weeks follow-up. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the end of Activate-CP and a thematic analysis undertaken to explore participant’s experiences. Results: A systematic review identified nine studies (N=282) on cycling interventions for children with CP and suggested that cycling may improve muscle strength (effect size (ES): 0.77-0.93), cardiorespiratory function (ES: 1.13-1.77) and gross motor function (ES: 0.91) in children with CP. Studies were limited by small sample sizes and a lack of follow-up testing and focused predominantly on stationary cycling among ambulant children. The Activate-CP RCT was designed, developed, and delivered to 21 participants (intervention group n=11; waitlist group n=10). The intervention group had significant and clinically meaningful improvements on the GMFM (MD=7.7, 95% CI 2.3-12.6; p=0.007), COPM (MD=4.4; 95% CI 3.9-5.3; p<0.001;ES=3.32), and peak cycling resistance (MD=3.4; 95% CI 1.0-5.8; p=0.009) immediately post-training compared to the waitlist group. There were no significant between-group differences immediately post-training on secondary outcomes. Participants retained meaningful improvements on the GMFM and COPM that were higher than baseline values at eight-weeks follow up. Improvements in cycling power output and resistance, PEDICAT daily activities, PEMCY environmental barriers and FTSTS were also retained at follow-up. A thematic analysis of 17 interviews with participants (n=11) and their carers’ (n=18) revealed four major themes: facilitators and challenges to program engagement; perceived outcomes; the FES-cycling experience; and previous cycling participation. Conclusion: Activate-CP was effective to improve gross motor function, goal performance and satisfaction and peak cycling resistance in ambulant and non-ambulant children with CP, and improvements were retained in the short term. Findings reported in this thesis support Activate-CP as a new and alternative intervention to improve functional outcomes in children with CP. Facilitators and challenges to participant engagement were identified and hold practical relevance for clinicians who work with children with CP who have goals to improve functional independence or cycling. Environmental and personal factors should be carefully considered when developing future rehabilitation programs for ambulant and non-ambulant children with CP, to maximise opportunities for success.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School Allied Health Sciences
Griffith Health
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Hochman, Lori. "Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling versus Cycling Only on Walking Performance and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Clinical Pilot Study." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/75.

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Background: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) stimulates peripheral nerves via electrical current to evoke muscle contractions and when combined with lower extremity cycling (LE), creates patterned leg movements. Previous studies demonstrated FES cycling is safe and effective in the spinal cord injury and stroke populations with improvements seen in walking speed, muscle mass, and bone density. Few studies have applied FES cycling to a neurodegenerative disorder, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of an 8-week training program using FES cycling, compared to Cycling Only, in people with MS (PWMS). Methods: Using a sample of convenience, PWMS were recruited to participate and randomized to the FES Cycling group or the Cycling Only group. Both groups received training three-times per week for 8- weeks using a LE ergometer. Scores on the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Times 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5XSST), and Timed Up and Go (TUG), and spatiotemporal measure of gait were collected at baseline, (before the 1st session), 4-weeks (before the 13th session), 8-weeks (after the 24th training session), and at 4-week follow-up. Scores on the MS Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) were collected at baseline, 8-weeks, and at 4-week follow-up. Results: Fourteen participants (8 female, 6 male, mean age = 53.64 ± 10.16 years; Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) mean = 3.71 ± .091) completed the training. Cycling power output significantly increased in both groups over time (FES Cycling, p = 0.03; Cycling only p = 0.004), but no differences were found between groups (p = 0.08). The Cycling Only group demonstrated a slightly larger effect size for power output than the FES Group (d = 0.72 vs. 0.66). Immediately after the intervention period, scores on the 6MWT, 5XSST, and MFIS, and subscores of the MSQOL-54 improved significantly, but changes did not consistently favor one group over the other (p >0.05). There were no significant differences between groups on any of the outcome measures. Conclusions: FES Cycling or Cycling Only may be an effective intervention for improving walking endurance, sit-to-stand, and QOL in PWMS. This unique pilot study compared FES cycling versus Cycling Only for PWMS using a customized progression protocol. Further research with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand the effects of FES Cycling on PWMS.

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Miceli, Christina. "Seasonal Cycling in Electrical Resistivities at Ten Thin Permafrost Sites, Southern Yukon and Northern British Columbia." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23463.

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Permanent electrode arrays were set up at ten monitoring sites from Whitehorse, Yukon, to Fort St. John, British Columbia, in order to gain a clearer perspective of the effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring over an annual cycle of freezing and thawing. This research forms part of a longer-term project that is attempting to use ERT to examine changes in permafrost resulting from climate change. Inter-site and intra-site variability were examined by installing and maintaining data-loggers to monitor active layer and shallow permafrost temperatures, air temperatures, and snow depths at each site from August 2010 – August 2011. Additional site information was collected on each ERT survey date, including frost table depths, snow depths, and vegetation heights. Based on nearby community records, the climate in the region has been warming by a rate of 0.3 to 0.5 °C per decade since 1970. The permafrost at all ten sites was characteristic of sporadic discontinuous and isolated patches permafrost zones, and is classified as Ecosystem-protected. Nine of the ten permafrost sites had permafrost that was thinner than the 14 or 7 m penetration depth of the ERT survey (three-layer system consisting of an active layer, permafrost, and sub-permafrost perennially unfrozen zone). The most predictable results were achieved at the two-layer system site (active layer overlying permafrost to the base of the profile) in each of its virtual resistivity boreholes, relative resistivity change comparisons, and mean near-surface apparent resistivity progressions. ERT is an effective method of delineating permafrost boundaries in thin permafrost environments and does show strength when monitoring areas of seasonally frozen ground. Repeat surveys at a site indicate seasonal changes in three-layer conditions, but not as predictably as those in a two-layer system. In order to receive the most accurate information regarding permafrost extent and thickness, it appears ideal to conduct ERT surveys annually, within the same month as the previous year’s survey.

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Sun, Feng-Bin 1963. "Environmental stress screening (ESS) by thermal cycling and random vibration: A physical investigation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282309.

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Temperature cycling and random vibration have proven to be the two most effective environmental stress screens. This study presents an extensive research on the physical quantification and optimization of temperature cycling and random vibration screens. For temperature cycling screen, a general model has been proposed to describe a typical temperature response cycle and a typical power-temperature response cycle. The least-squares parameter estimates for the two modified Arrhenius models are derived. Two general models for quantifying the equivalent aging acceleration factor of a typical temperature cycle with or without power cycling, considering both reaction rate stress and temperature change rate stress and also incorporating the temperature dependence of the activation energy, are derived. A closed form solution under the mixed-exponential life distribution assumption and an iteration equation solution under the Weibull distribution assumption, of the optimum number of temperature cycles for a specified post-screen field Mean Residual Life (MRL) goal, are established. For the random vibration screen, the distributions of the cumulative damage and fatigue life, under both stationary narrow-band and stationary wide-band random stressings, are derived under both-normal, semi-normal, and Markov-process assumptions. A bimodal mixed P-S-N diagram is proposed, from the failure physics point of view, to describe the fatigue strength of a non-screened unit. The concepts of the threshold S-N curve and the screening probability for fatigue defect precipitation are proposed to facilitate the quantification of random vibration screens. Finally, the closed form solution of the optimum vibration duration for a specified screening probability is derived under both-normal, semi-normal and Markov-process assumptions, respectively.

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McRae, Calum George Alexander. "Approaches to functional electrical stimulation induced cycling and application for the child with a spinal cord injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1526/.

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In the hope of more compact and user-friendly approaches to FES-cycling through the incorporation of modern sensor and computing technology, two new hip-angle-based strategies (both of which utilise a limb-mounted sensor) and a “traditional” crank-angle-based strategy have been developed and incorporated into a PDA-based multi-functional FES system. Through both simulation and tricycle-based experiments, all three approaches have been shown to provide practical stimulation activation timing. The second research focus concerns the development of two FES-cycling systems which are suitable for a spinal cord injured child, and methods to facilitate the intended use of both devices. A standard child’s tricycle has been modified with appropriate instrumentation for FES-cycling and testing involving its target population was carried out at a US-based paediatric research hospital. These experiments culminated in the demonstration of FES-cycling by an untrained seven year old T4/T6 (motor complete) subject, and the evolution of the device into one which should be able to meet the specific needs of spinal cord injured children. A second system with integrated motor has also been developed. As well as offering motor assistance, this device incorporates additional instrumentation to allow investigation into exercise and training capabilities. Experiments have been undertaken to validate this equipment and it is now ready for future pilot work involving paediatric subjects. The two research foci in this thesis represent what are, in our opinion, important routes that FES-cycling should take to progress into the home environment and also allow participation of a population who have potentially the most to gain from using it.

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Книги з теми "Electrical cycling"

Mougenot, Vincent. Passion: Vélo ou VAE en ville. Paris: Harmattan, 2011.

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Mayne, P. W. Experimental study of undrained lateral and moment behavior of drilled shafts during static and cyclic loading. Palo Alto, Calif: EPRI, 1992.

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Agaiby, S. W. Experimental study of drained lateral and moment behavior of drilled shafts during static and cyclic loading. Palo Alto, Calif: EPRI, 1992.

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Walsh, Daniel E. Study of a static screen, jig, spiral, and a compound water cyclone in a placer gold recovery plant. Fairbanks, Alaska: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, School of Mineral Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1987.

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Mellin, Bob. Railbike: Cycling on Abandoned Railroads. Balboa Publishing, 1996.

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Electric Bikes. ABDO Publishing Company, 2023.

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Electric Bikes. ABDO Publishing Company, 2023.

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Electric Bikes. ABDO Publishing Company, 2023.

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EMG activity and kinematics of cycling movements at different pedal shaft widths. 1995.

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Fuel cell power plant initiative: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Electrical cycling"

Afonso, José A., Filipe J. Rodrigues, Delfim Pedrosa, and João L. Afonso. "Mobile Sensing System for Cycling Power Output Control." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 773–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43671-5_65.

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Rana, Bharti, and Yashwant Singh. "Duty-Cycling Techniques in IoT: Energy-Efficiency Perspective." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 505–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8248-3_42.

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Wang, Wenyuan, Yan Yan, Min Liu, Mingxu Sun, Tao Shen, Yiming Zhu, and Fangqiang Guo. "FES Cycling System in Rehabilitation Engineering: A Survey." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 532–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9239-3_52.

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Chao, Sui, and Liwei Chen. "Research on Cycling Policies in the UK White Paper." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 433–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2185-6_53.

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Bai, Liangliu, Yong Zhang, Zongyi Xing, Xinrong Liu, and Xuejin Wang. "Research on Cycling Energy Saving Based on Improved Violence Search." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 379–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7989-4_38.

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Lee, Yeong-Chyi, Tzung-Pei Hong, Yi-Chen Chiu, and Chun-Hao Chen. "A GA-Based Scheduling Algorithm for Semiconductor-Product Thermal Cycling Tests." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 403–12. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9412-0_41.

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Li, Ziyong, Qingdan Huang, Haoyong Song, Huihong Huang, and Jing Liu. "Failure Mechanism Study of Silicon Rubber Under High-Low Temperature Cycling." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 775–82. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1064-5_83.

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Wang, Shiqi, Panjing Tan, Huan Wang, Zehua Yang, and Zhiqin Li. "Cycling Environment Preferences in Chinese Cities Based on Multivariate Mixed Logit Model." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 592–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7139-4_81.

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Lombardi, Ludovico, Eric Monmasson, Brian Ospina Agudelo, and Walter Zamboni. "Modeling Battery Aging Through High-Current Incremental Capacity Features in Fast Charge Cycling." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 101–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55696-8_7.

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Massoud, R., M. O. Tokhi, and C. S. Gharooni. "Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Functional Electrical Stimulation in Bipedal Cycling." In Climbing and Walking Robots, 57–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26415-9_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Electrical cycling"

Zhang, Jin, Zhijie Qiu, Erxiong Zhang, and Puqi Ning. "Comparison and Analysis of Power Cycling and Thermal Cycling Lifetime of IGBT Module." In 2018 21st International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icems.2018.8549346.

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Duenas, Victor H., Christian A. Cousin, Anup Parikh, and Warren E. Dixon. "Functional electrical stimulation induced cycling using repetitive learning control." In 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2016.7798588.

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Bellman, M. J., T. H. Cheng, R. J. Downey, and W. E. Dixon. "Stationary cycling induced by switched functional electrical stimulation control." In 2014 American Control Conference - ACC 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6859346.

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Woods, Billy, Mahendran Subramanian, Ali Shafti, and A. Aldo Faisal. "Mechanomyography Based Closed-Loop Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling System." In 2018 7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487941.

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Draper, Rob. "Lessons Learned from a Thermal Cycling Facility Fire." In 2023 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eic55835.2023.10177308.

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Watanabe, Takashi, Yuta Karasawa, and Yasunobu Handa. "A test of controlling different muscles in FES cycling with cycling wheelchair "Profhand"." In 2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifess.2014.7036742.

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Morin, R., R. Neufeld, and R. Bartnikas. "Overvoltage cycling and endurance tests on full scale capacitors." In 2011 Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC) (Formerly EIC/EME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eic.2011.5996211.

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Casas, Jonathan, Chen-Hao Chang, and Victor H. Duenas. "Motorized and Functional Electrical Stimulation Induced Cycling via Switched Adaptive Concurrent Learning Control." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3311.

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Abstract Cycling induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) with motorized assistance is a rehabilitative approach for individuals with movement impairments. In this paper, an adaptive controller is designed for cadence tracking by switching across multiple muscle groups and an electric motor. The control design and analysis are based on a recently developed adaptive method called integral concurrent learning and an invariance-like tool to ensure stability of switched adaptive systems. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis for the overall switched rider-cycle system is segregated into two phases. During the first phase when sufficient learning has not been attained, which is quantified by a finite excitation condition, global asymptotic tracking and bounded parameter estimation are guaranteed. In the second phase, global exponential tracking and parameter convergence is ensured after the finite excitation condition is satisfied for all the subsystems within a finite time.

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Beilliard, Yann, Perceval Coudrain, Lea Di Cioccio, Stephane Moreau, Loic Sanchez, Brigitte Montmayeul, Thomas Signamarcheix, Rafael Estevez, and Guillaume Parry. "Chip to wafer copper direct bonding electrical characterization and thermal cycling." In 2013 IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dic.2013.6702315.

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Cousin, Christian A., Patryk Deptula, Courtney A. Rouse, and Warren E. Dixon. "Cycling With Functional Electrical Stimulation and Adaptive Neural Network Admittance Control." In 2019 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2019.8814619.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Electrical cycling"

Muelaner, Jody Emlyn. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways. SAE International, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021004.

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With the current state of automotive electrification, predicting which electrification pathway is likely to be the most economical over a 10- to 30-year outlook is wrought with uncertainty. The development of a range of technologies should continue, including statically charged battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and EVs designed for a combination of plug-in and electric road system (ERS) supply. The most significant uncertainties are for the costs related to hydrogen supply, electrical supply, and battery life. This greatly is dependent on electrolyzers, fuel-cell costs, life spans and efficiencies, distribution and storage, and the price of renewable electricity. Green hydrogen will also be required as an industrial feedstock for difficult-to-decarbonize areas such as aviation and steel production, and for seasonal energy buffering in the grid. For ERSs, it is critical to understand how battery life will be affected by frequent cycling and the extent to which battery technology from hybrid vehicles can be applied. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways dives into the most critical issues the mobility industry is facing.

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Rohrer, Lisa, Johannes Lidmo, and Christoph Beidenhauser. Nordic cycling policy: National objectives, mechanisms, and actors in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Nordregio, November 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2023:81403-2511.

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This paper reviews how Nordic countries are working to improving cycling via policy and planning. It takes a national-level approach to review cycling objectives in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, reviews a range of mechanisms to achieve these objectives, and identifies the key actors responsible for carrying out the work. In the discussion section, the paper identifies several findings from the review work with regards to how the Nordic countries are currently addressing cycling at the policy level: - Cycling is primarily discussed as a means for contributing to environmental goals, such as GHG emission reductions, but is occasionally discussed as a means for improving health and well-being. Much less policy discourse focuses on economic or other social benefits of cycling. The primary method for reducing GHG emissions in the transportation sector focuses on replacing fossil fuel cars with electric-powered vehicles rather than on cycling infrastructure or spatial forms that decrease overall mobility requirements. - The Nordic countries have some distinctions with regards to how spatial planning is operationalised, which influences how cycling is prioritised and managed. - Beyond a dedicated cycling strategy, cycling objectives are often baked into other key plans and documents at the national level. - Achieving national cycling objectives requires clear communication among local, regional, and national actors and across ministries, agencies, and departments, which is often a challenge. - Political turnover can be a hindrance to gaining support for long-term cycling projects. - There are many different indicators and ways to measure success for cycling objectives in the Nordic countries. The paper also highlights some of the developments taking place at the UN and EU levels, making cycling and its potential for improving cities and regions more visible across international policy.

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Mayer, S. T. Electric vehicle dynamic-stress-test cycling performance of lithium-ion cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157702.

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Maxey. L51427 ERW Weld Zone Characteristics. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011187.

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The objective of this research project was to determine the fatigue characteristics of the weld zone of electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe. The project involved: (1) characterizing pipe samples in terms of initial defects, tensile and yield strength, chemistry, and fracture toughness, (2) evaluating the fatigue crack growth of base metal and the weld zone in air and a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, and (3) evaluating the fatigue crack growth of machined defects in the weld zone of ERW pipe subjected to cyclic pressure loading. This study found that the weld zone and base metal exhibit the same fatigue crack growth rates, the weld zone is not more susceptible to corrosion fatigue damage, and the greatest variability in ERW pipe fatigue behavior lies in the initial defect distribution.

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Andrews. L51847 Fatigue Strength of Seamless Line Pipe and Modern ERW Line Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010430.

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To resolve the question as to whether or not ERW pipe might prove inferior to seamless pipe in terms of resistance to cyclic stresses, the PRCI member companies decided to fund the project described herein to assess the performance of ERW pipe versus seamless pipe. Presented herein are the results of a research project on the serviceability of seamless line pipe and modern high-frequency-welded ERW (electric-resistance-welded) line pipe. Full-scale samples of both kinds of pipe were subjected in a laboratory environment to pressure cycles simulating hundreds of years of service. Four samples of ERW pipe and one sample of seamless pipe were tested. Each sample consisted of a 20-foot length of the material fabricated with end caps. Coupons were cut from the remaining pieces to accommodate tensile and impact tests and base-metal metallography. The 20-foot specimens were subjected to pressure cycles ranging from a minimum of 100 psig to the pressure level corresponding to 46 percent of the measured ultimate tensile strength of the material.

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Dinovitzer, Aaron, Sanjay Tiku, and Amin Eshraghi. PR-214-153739-R01 ERW Fatigue Life Integrity Management Improvement-Phase III. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011574.

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While the general fracture mechanics methodology for calculating fatigue lives is well documented and validated, its application in the definition of pipeline system fatigue lives have differed from field experience. The source and magnitude of the conservatism inherent in the calculated fatigue life estimates are a concern when establishing integrity management programs. Of particular interest, are the fatigue life estimates used in the integrity management programs for Electric resistance welding (ERW) pipeline systems that are primarily concerned with pipe wall anomalies oriented along the pipe axis. In this project, fatigue crack growth rate parameters were generated for pipe body and ERW. Axial flaws of different sizes were machined in pipe body and weld center line of two different pipe geometries and subjected to cyclic pressure tests. Fatigue crack growth rate of the flaws in the full-scale fatigue tests was monitored. The full-scale fatigue tests results were compared to existing codified treatments to quantify the level of conservatism inherent in the current state of practice. Recommendations were provided to enhance the precision and manage conservatism in fatigue crack growth rate calculations used in integrity management. This report has a related webinar.

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