Статті в журналах: "Electric power-plants Loads Mathematical models"

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Reymov, K. M., G. M. Turmanova, S. K. Makhmuthonov, and B. A. Uzakov. "Mathematical models and algorithms of optimal load management of electrical consumers." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601166.

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The article investigated the static, dynamic and metrological characteristics of new magnetoelastic force sensors taking into account the distribution of Load profile smoothing based on optimal power management is considered to be one of the main ways to ensure efficient operation of energy systems in the short-term planning. Smoothing load profile with a view to reducing costs can be implemented on the ways in which consumers could be affected by administrative and economic measures. Administrative measures are associated with the forced restriction of consumer loads in certain intervals of the planning period. On the one hand, these measures provide benefits to the power system by smoothing load profile, and on the other hand, they cause damage to consumers. Ultimately, in some cases, the damage may be greater than the benefits as a whole to the power system. Therefore, it is advisable to use them in conditions of shortage of power and electricity in the power system. Optimal planning of short-term regimes of power systems according to received, after alignment, rigid load profile can be carried out by traditional methods. The solution of such a problem can be initially carried out under conditions of non-rigid load profile resulting from the directive use of administrative and economic measures carried out with the help of specially developed models. In this regard, the paper proposes a mathematical model of the problem of optimizing load profile of regulated electrical consumers with optimal planning of short-term power system modes, an algorithm for optimal planning of a short-term power system mode with optimizing load profile of regulated power consumers. And also, algorithms are proposed for accounting for simple and functional constraints in the form of equalities and inequalities when optimizing load profile. The effectiveness of the described algorithm for optimizing the short-term mode of the power system, taking into account the optimal load control of adjustable electric locomotives, has been studied using the example of optimal coverage of the load profile of power system, which contains two consumers with adjustable load profile, and two TPPs. Based on the calculated experimental studies computational qualities, it was determined that the proposed mathematical model of the problem is adequate, the developed algorithms for optimal planning of short-term power system modes with optimization of load profile of regulated electric consumers and taking into account various types of limitations have high computational qualities.

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Ledukhovsky, G. V., S. D. Gorshenin, E. V. Zinovyeva, and A. S. Zinovyeva. "Analysis of efficiency of feed pump control by changing rotation of rotor for power plants of various types." Vestnik IGEU, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2021.4.005-014.

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The type of power plant feed pump drive is selected in the course of a feasibility study. Domestic experience is based on recommendations that have been obtained in the middle of the last century when fuel was relatively cheap. These recommendations are currently being revised. Manufacturers of technological tools of pumps frequency control offer to install fluid couplings, variable frequency electric drives or drive turbines for power plants of various types. At the same time, they declare the high efficiency of such solutions. But the effect is often calculated based on energy savings indicators for the pump drive without considering changes of the operating modes of other equipment of the power plant. An urgent task is a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the measures under consideration. This assessment should consider the objective parameters and modes of facilities operation, as well as interrelation of power electricity cost for own needs and loads of the basic equipment. To determine the technical effect of application of various methods of frequency control of feed pumps, models are used that are developed on the individual basis for each power plant based on the energy characteristics of the equipment. These models include algorithms for heat and electrical balances. Operational characteristics of the feed pumps and performance assessment are calculated according to the known techniques. Based on a unified methodological approach, the authors have developed mathematical models of condensing power supply units and combined heat and power plants for an initial pressure of 12,8 MPa. These models make it possible to determine the effect of frequency control of feed pumps based on data for real time in operation considering the interrelation of power electricity cost for own needs and loads of the basic equipment. Calculation of index of performance of application of various means of frequency control of feed pump performance have been carried out. It is revealed that to assess the efficiency of application of technological tools of frequency control of feed pumps, it is of decisive importance to consider the experience of equipment load, load schedules, the interrelation of power electricity cost for own needs and loads of the basic equipment. No general recommendations to use certain methods of feed pumps control are applicable, when conducting such an assessment.

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Мihaylenko, V., J. Chunyak, K. Trubitsin, and V. Bachynskiy. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A TWELVE-PULSE CONVERTER WITH SIXTEEN ZONE CONTROL OF THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND ACTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOADS." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, no. 37 (April 23, 2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.37.2020.13.

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Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized in this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator. Mathematical model twelve pulses of the converter is created for analysis of the electromagnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width-pulse regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method multivariable function was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for five zoned regulations of the output voltage. Using method multivariable function was found current and voltage of the load, as well as input currents of the converter. The load of the converter has actively inductive nature. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub-system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created. The obtained results have a great value for development theoretical electrical engineering in a direction of simplification of calculations of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semi-conductor converters of the electric power. The electromagnetic processes in electric circuit under width-pulse regulation possible to analyse with use the algorithmic equations multivariable function, which argument are a system parameters semiconductor commutator, signal of control, phases to network of the power supply and time. Introduction multivariable function with discrete parameter in algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in electric circuit of the variable structure allows to reflect change of this structure under system components, simplifying modeling and analysis of such processes to account of the generalization of the got equations. Except specified correlations and diagrams designed model allows to analyse forms of the output voltages and current of the separate power modules.

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Bogachkov, I. M., and R. N. Khamitov. "Algorithm to select the voltage class for the gas field electricity supply system." Vestnik IGEU, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2021.2.032-039.

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The current algorithms and mathematical models to select the voltage class based on the theory of experimental planning are developed for industrial enterprises (overhead lines with a length of up to 10 km, a power of up to 20 MV, a radial arrangement with a transformation at the end of the line). They do not consider the features of gas fields (overhead lines with a length of up to 20 km and a capacity of 1 MV with a projected growth of up to 10 MV, a transmission network with one pass-through trunk line with distributed transformation along the line). Currently, to develop a mathematical model, the following factors are considered: the average length of the power line and the total load of an enterprise. The proposed models do not allow us to quantify the dynamics of the gas fields power supply system considering the multiple growth of the electrical load in each period of the life cycle. The purpose of this study is to develop a model to solve this problem. An extreme experiment has been carried out during the research. The following input data are set: the average length of the power line; the number of gas clusters; the growth rate of the electric load. The response function is the voltage class that is optimal for the minimum discounted cost. The authors suggest the regression model. In this model the “total load” factor is split into two components, they are gas clusters and growth rate of electric loads. The algorithm to select the optimal voltage class of a distribution grid is proposed. The dynamic experiment is carried out and the growth rate of electric loads in the regressive model is being changed while other factors are being unchanged. As a result, the optimal minimum of the discounted costs of the voltage class for each period of the field life cycle is obtained. The algorithm is implemented in “PRON” software. With the help of “PRON” software, the distribution grids of several operating gas fields in Western Siberia have been investigated. The optimal voltage class of a distribution grid of gas fields is 20 kV. The reliability of the results is verified by reference models of calculating discounted costs.

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Mykhailenko, Vladyslav, Vadym Svyatnenko, Yuliya Chunyak, and Vladyslav Bachynskiy. "Research of processes in a converter with four-zone voltage regulation and electromechanical load." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, no. 1 (5) (May 28, 2021): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.1.07.

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The new mathematical models of the electromagnetic processes is designed in three-phase electric circuit of the semiconductor converters with many-server zoned regulation phases voltages disregarding losses in semiconductor commutator for quick estimation of the influence parameter loads on level and form of the output voltage. mathematical model of the semiconductor converter is also used for study of the connecting processes in semiconductor converter with actively-inductive load. Will develop the method multivariable function, what fall into algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in furcated electric circuit with semiconductor commutator and reactive element, toward account of the particularities of the use phase and linear voltages to network of the power supply. Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized beside this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator. Mathematical model is created for analysis electro-magnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width pulsed regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method much parametric functions was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for eleven zoned regulations of the output voltage. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub-system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created.

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Shelygin, B. L., S. A. Pankov, and G. V. Ledukhovsky. "Development of simplified mathematical model of P-88 recovery boiler for operating modes at loads near the nominal." Vestnik IGEU, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2021.1.005-013.

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To improve the design of the elements of combined-cycle plants, and their structural and mode optimization, mathematical models are required. These models show energy efficiency indicators of the equipment under changing operating conditions. Modeling of recovery boilers is traditionally carried out with the application of specialized software systems that implement submodels of thermal-hydraulic calculations of the elements of the boiler water-steam and gas paths. This approach makes it difficult to solve practical tasks, since it requires licensed software and appropriate qualifications of an engineer. The current direction of solving this problem is statistical processing of the results of calculation data obtained with the application of specialized software systems, and development of a simplified mathematical model in the form of regression dependencies of boiler performance on variable parameters. In this study, the problem is solved in relation to the P-88 boiler of the combined-cycle plant-325 power unit in the load range near the nominal one. The initial mathematical model is developed with the application of the software package “TRAKT” designed for verification and engineering design of boilers. The simplified mathematical model is based on the methods of regression analysis of statistical data. The accuracy of the model is estimated based on the operational data of the combined-cycle plant -325 power unit. The authors have developed the mathematical model of the P-88 recovery boiler, which allows to determine the main performance indicators of the boiler when the electric power of the gas turbine and the outdoor air temperature are changing at the loads near the nominal value. The performance indicators are determined without application of specialized software for design calculation of the boiler. The accuracy of the initial mathematical model implemented in the software package “TRACT” is characterized by deviation of the calculation results data from the operational data in the corresponding modes of no more than 2 %. The additional uncertainty value introduced into the calculation results data does not exceed 1,5 % when we transfer from the initial mathematical model to the simplified one. The resulting mathematical description will allow solving the problems of mode optimization and evaluating the efficiency of the recovery boiler and the power unit under changing operating conditions.

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Huang, Jian, Jiansheng Hou, Yingcong Wang, Hang Zheng, Jianfeng Jin, and Qinghao Meng. "Energy management optimization of integrated energy system with electric hydrogen hybrid energy storage." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012036.

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Abstract Integrated energy system (IES) has attracted wide attention as an efficient solution to a comprehensive utilization of hybrid energy system including electricity, heat, and hydrogen in recent years. This paper investigates the stochastic optimal operation for the micro integrated electric power, heat, and hydrogen delivery system. Firstly, the mathematical model of the micro integrated energy system for residential communities and other similar scenarios is discussed, including the energy interface, power microgrid, micro-heat system and micro-hydrogen system with considerations of distributed energy supply, energy storage, load, upstream energy network interface and their mathematical models. Secondly, the correlated uncertainty, such as wind power, solar power, and loads, are considered and handled in micro integrated energy system. Finally, a scenario-based approach is proposed for the stochastic operation of micro integrated energy system. The objective function is formulated to minimize the expected total operation and environmental costs, the hourly schedule of controllable components in micro integrated energy system. Numerical results demonstrated that the effectiveness of the proposed method. The correlated uncertainty and the corresponding impacts are accurately presented in the optimization model.

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Бурмістенков, О. П., Т. Я. Біла та В. В. Стаценко. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОВИТРАТ ТАРІЛЧАСТИХ ЖИВИЛЬНИКІВ ДЛЯ СИПКИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 148, № 4 (10 березня 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.4.6.

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Creation of mathematical models that allow determining the relationship between the design and technological parameters of the plate feeders and the energy consumption arising during their operation. Methodology. The work uses the classical mechanics principles, the contact interaction of solids theory and the mathematical modeling method. Findings. The paper considers the design and operation principle of a continuous plate feeder, defines its main design and technological parameters. The factors that create mechanical loads on the drive of the feeder plate are investigated. Mathematical models have been developed that make it possible to determine the moments of resistance and the power consumed by an electric motor during the equipment operation. The proposed models make it possible to determine the load on the drive in static and dynamic operation modes and take into account the design, technological parameters of the equipment and the bulk material physical and mechanical properties. The study results of the friction coefficients influence, the knife position and the force of its pressing on the plate surface, the plate rotation speed on the loads acting on the electric drive are presented. It has been found that the drive calculation is expedient for the mode in which the distance between the knife edge and the rotation axis of the plate is maximum, which corresponds to the operation at maximum load. It has been determined that a change in the feeder technological parameters (plate rotation speed, knife position) can lead to a change in the load on the electric drive by 86%, which must be taken into account when choosing a drive. Originality. Mathematical models of the continuous plate feeder operation have been developed, which make it possible to determine the relationship between the design and technological parameters of the plate feeders and energy consumption. Practical value. The results obtained make it possible to determine the load on the plate drive by the known design, technological parameters and bulk material physical and mechanical properties.

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Gianto, Rudy. "Constant Voltage Model of DFIG-Based Variable Speed Wind Turbine for Load Flow Analysis." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 8549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248549.

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At present, the penetration of wind-driven electric generators or wind power plants (WPPs) in electric power systems is getting more and more extensive. To evaluate the steady state performances of such power systems, developing a valid WPP model is therefore necessary. This paper proposes a new method in modeling the most popular type of WPP, i.e., DFIG (doubly fed induction generator)-based WPP, to be used in power system steady state load flow analysis. The proposed model is simple and derived based on the formulas that calculate turbine mechanical power and DFIG power. The main contribution of the paper is that, in contrast to the previous models where the DFIG power factor has been assumed to be constant at unity, the constant voltage model proposed in this paper allows the power factor to vary in order to keep the voltage at the desired value. Another important contribution is that the proposed model can be implemented in both sub-synchronous and super-synchronous conditions (it is to be noted that most of the previous models use two different mathematical models to represent the conditions). The case study is also presented in the present work, and the results of the study confirm the validity of the proposed DFIG model.

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Nikolaev, A. A., I. G. Gilemov, and M. V. Bulanov. "Assessment of influence of rolling mill FC-AR electric drive operation mode on 10kV supply network voltage quality." Vestnik IGEU, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2021.5.041-050.

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Advanced rolling mill electric drives are based on frequency converters (FC) with active rectifiers (AR). Operation of such converters has negative impact on the in-plant power supply system. To improve the voltage quality of active rectifiers, special algorithms of pulse-width modulation algorithms are used. As a rule, the study of the effect of electric drives with FC-AR on the supply network are carried out based on simplified mathematical models that do not consider possible resonance phenomena in the power supply system and operating mode of electric drives. Thus, the aim of the paper is to assess the acceptability of such an approach. The trends of the main parameters of the rolling mill electric drives have been recorded during the rolling cycle using the IBA PDA software. The obtained dependencies values have been approximated and applied in a complex simulation model of the in-plant power supply system. It considers the parameters of the supply network, cable lines, step-down transformers, rolling mill electric drives and other electrical receivers of the shop substations. The main assumption in simulation modeling is to consider the loads of other electrical receivers in the form of constant values. The authors have studied the effect of the operating modes of the rolling mill electric drive on the electric power quality in the 10 kV distribution network of the in-plant power supply system of a metallurgical enterprise. It is found that the total harmonic distortion KU at 10 kV sections of the main step-down substation of a metallurgical enterprise is changing in a nonlinear manner in the dynamic modes of acceleration and deceleration of electric drives. The nature of the coefficient KU also depends on the presence of resonance phenomena in the frequency response of the medium voltage supply network. The obtained results prove the need to consider the operating modes of electric drives when studying the influence of electric drives with FC-AR on the quality of the supply network voltage. in case we conduct experimental research using the equipment of the enterprises, as well as during theoretical research using mathematical models. The adequacy of the simulation model has previously been confirmed by experimental data and previous studies.

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Fursanov, M. I., and A. A. Zalotoy. "Improvement of the Method of Calculation of Steady-State Modes of Urban Electric Networks Taking into Account Consumer Energy Sources." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 514–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-6-514-527.

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The method of calculation of the steady-state mode of the open city distribution electric network with small generation sources is offered. It is shown that the city electric network consists of passive and active physical elements. Passive elements include power transformers and linear regulators, overhead and cable power lines, current-limiting reactors, etc. Active elements of networks are power sources (transformer inputs of low voltage of feeding substations and distributed small generation sources) and loads, mathematical models of which can be various. Power sources in urban distribution networks of 10 kV and below are classified by type and power and can be of two kinds, viz. power feeding centers of the network and small generation sources. Consumer loads are modeled by current sources connected to network nodes. The parameters of the current sources are usually graphs of the change of the module of the actual current value and the power factor in time. The values of these parameters in single-line substitution schemes of 6–10 kV distribution networks with isolated neutral are assumed to be average for three phases. The power centers are transformer inputs of low voltage power substations of the main electric networks of 35 kV and above, equipped with digital devices of the account of the electric power connected to the automated system of control and accounting of power resources. The developed technique allows receiving the refined balanced calculation model of the steady mode of the open city network for the set time of the daily schedule. It includes the sequential distribution of the specified power of each network power supply between its loads, followed by clarification of flows and power losses in the sections, as well as voltages and actual loads in the nodes of the scheme by the overlay method.

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Obukhov, S. G., G. N. Klimova, and A. Ibrahim. "Methodology of optimum unit commitment of energy systems with renewable energy sources." Vestnik IGEU, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2020.6.025-038.

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One of the promising ways to improve the reliability and efficiency of power supply for customers in the areas remote from central electrical grid is the use of hybrid power systems with renewable energy sources. The primary task of designing such systems is the unit commitment of the generating equipment that provides the optimal technical and economic indexes of the electric power system. The stochastic nature of generation and nonlinearity of the characteristics of power plants cause a high complexity of solving this problem, which, from a mathematical point of view, is formulated as an optimization problem. An accurate and reliable solution of this optimization problem increases the efficiency of design and operation of hybrid electric power systems with renewable energy sources. And it is a vital task of modern power industry. A probabilistic-statistical methods and models for the analysis of experimental data are used to construct climatic time series and graphs of electrical loads. In addition, to study the operating modes of the electric power system the MatLab system is used for the simulation and modeling, and an evolutionary particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The original model of solar radiation is used as a part of this methodology. This model provides forecasting the key characteristics of solar radiation in any geographical point of Russia including the areas that have no results of routine actinometric observation. Weibull distribution function is used to forecast daily variations of wind speed. It enhances the validity of forecasting of electricity generation of wind-driven power plant at daily time interval. As a result of the research, a method of optimum unit commitment has been developed for the equipment of electric power systems based on renewable energy sources. The use of the particle swarm algorithm as a part of the methodology provides reliable and accurate determination of the extremum of the objective function, which increases the efficiency of design and operation of hybrid electric power systems with renewable energy sources. The method has been tested on practical examples of optimum unit commitment for the equipment of electric power systems of various configurations and has proven its effectiveness. The technique is implemented as a software application, which ensures the convenience of its practical application. The obtained results can be used by companies involved in the design and operation of electric power systems using renewable energy generating units.

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Zabuga, F. V., and V. E. Alekseyuk. "Evaluation of a modernization project of the main condensate scheme at CHP-10 power unit No. 5 using its customized simulation model." iPolytech Journal 26, no. 3 (October 8, 2022): 426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2022-3-426-438.

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We investigate the effect of modernizing the main condensate scheme applied at the power unit No.5, CHP-10 of Baikal Energy Company LLC, on its energy and economic efficiency using a customized simulation model. Simulation modelling was carried out in the Machine Program Building System software environment. The constructed model was verified using the results of measuring control parameters in several operating modes according to a three-stage procedure of verifying the mathematical models of complex thermal power units. We propose an original approach to modernizing the main condensate thermal scheme at the power unit under study in order to reduce the specific fuel consumption for balance-of-plant needs. The idea was to expand the main condensate scheme by including an additional sealing pump to the feedwater electric pumps of the 1Кs-20-110 unit in order to avoid the incorrect selection of condensate pumps. The study showed that the redistribution of the main condensate flow between the existing condensate pumps and the proposed 1Ks-20-110 sealing pump leads to a reduction in the specific fuel consumption for the electric energy generation to 0.32 g of fuel per kWh across the range of electrical loads from 137 to 150 mW. As a result, the net efficiency of the power unit can be raised by 0.03%. It should be noted that the proposed modernization project may reduce the consumption of electricity for balance-of-plant needs when the feedwater electric pump is switched to the standby mode during an emergency shutdown of the power unit. Based on the performed energy and economic calculations, energy savings for the period of 2019 comprise 82,653 kWh, while the total annual savings are estimated at 78,030 rubles. Thus, the conducted research demonstrates the high efficiency of applying simulation modelling in the study and optimization of existing thermal power plants.

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McClure, Ghyslaine, and René Tinawi. "Comportement dynamique des lignes aériennes de transport d'électricité dû aux bris de câbles. I. Modélisation mathématique." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 3 (June 1, 1989): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-059.

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This paper presents a mathematical model for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of aerial electric transmission lines subjected to conductor breakage. The model uses existing finite elements and validated numerical techniques available in most commercial programs capable of handling nonlinear dynamic analysis. ADINA is used in this study. In comparison with other models, the novel approach presented here focusses on the discretization of the conductors as well as the supporting structures, specially near the breakage point. Dynamic interactions between all the structural components are therefore considered and comparisons with simpler models emphasize the importance of these interactions, the effects of geometric nonlinearities present in the conductors and in the supporting structures, and the contribution of higher modes.The mathematical model is validated with 7 of 56 tests conducted on reduced-scale physical models, reported in work done for the American Electric Power Research Institute.The results of the present study are very encouraging for designers interested in validating their design criteria for longitudinal dynamic loads by use of existing nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis packages. Key words: Nonlinear dynamic analysis, electric transmission lines, conductor breakage simulation.

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Ilyushin, P. V. "Reliable power supply to power consuming units via isolated distributed generation: problematic issues and approaches to their solution." iPolytech Journal 26, no. 4 (January 2, 2023): 640–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2022-4-640-656.

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The present study considers solutions to problematic issues concerning the integration of distributed generation facilities into the internal power supply network of power consuming units. The possibility of ensuring reliable power supply using verified models of generating plants and power consuming units is analysed along with a description of principles for the selection of control systems for generating plants. Full-scale measurements recording significant deviations in power quality indicators, were carried out. A total capacity of distributed generation facilities operating as a part of isolated energy districts is estimated at 8.5–9 GW. In addition, in the case of operation as a part of power systems, this capacity is equal to 13.5–14 GW. Therefore, the total capacity of these facilities is 22–23 GW or 9.5–10% of the total capacity of all generating facilities in Russia. The necessity of using verified mathematical models of generating plants, as well as main synchronous and asynchronous motors, along with the correct consideration of rotated mechanism types and real load factors, is substantiated. Principles for selecting the excitation systems of generating plants, as well as coordinating parameter settings for relay protection devices in generating plants and other elements in the internal power supply networks of power consuming units are considered. Recommendations regarding the permissibility of commutations and guaranteed correspondence between electric power quality indicators and regulatory requirements in island (autonomous) operating mode are provided. Thus, the need on the part of organizations that have necessary software systems and experience in conducting complex mode calculations to implement projects for integrating distributed generation facilities is substantiated. Here, the volume and complexity of calculations is higher than in the design of standard power plants and power supply systems.

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Zinovkin, Volodymir, Olexander Blyzniakov, Krysan Yurij, and Mykchailo Zaluzhnyi. "Physical modeling of unsteady electromagnetic processes in power transformer under sharp load fluctuations." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-3-2.

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Purpose. To develop and experimentally confirm the method of physical modeling of non-stationary electromagnetic processes in a powerful power transformer operating under variable loads by combining similarity criteria and equivalence coefficients. Methodology. Theoretical provisions of mathematical and computer modeling, theoretical electrical engineering were used in the research, as well as the theory of experiment with the application of equivalence coefficients. Findings. Methods of experimental research were developed, which include the formation and registration of a set of external and internal parameters of physical models, prototypes and real equipment. Criteria for similarity of nonstationary electromagnetic processes excited by sharply changing scattering fields in special purpose power transformers are obtained. . Originality. The theory and practice of physical modeling, as well as the similarity theory applied to unsteady electromagnetic processes in powerful transformer equipment for special purposes were further developed. A set of distinctive features of test conditions and their registration were formed. Practical value. Application of physical modeling of unsteady electromagnetic processes at the design and manufacture stages of power transformers for power supply systems of electric arc furnaces, rolling mill drives, etc., as well as during the refinement of general-purpose power transformers.

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Valiullin, Aigiz, and Vladimir Zenkin. "Modeling dynamics of the spacecraft power plant consisting of Stirling engine and external thermal circuit." E3S Web of Conferences 313 (2021): 12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131312002.

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Modern space programs cover a wide range of missions, including both near-earth missions and those affecting areas of deep space. In the second case, power plants based on the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy are often considered for the power supply of spacecraft. One of the possible thermoelectric converters is the Stirling engine. To be able to design modern power plants of spacecraft built based on Stirling engines, it is necessary to use calculation tools to simulate their operation in a wide range of modes, to take into consideration the influence of subsystems on each other and the final characteristics of the power plant. As part of the work, a thermodynamic model of an external thermal circuit was created, consisting of heat pipes, heat exchangers and radiator cooler panels. The hot thermal circuit is consisted of two parts: primary and secondary, the cold thermal circuit is consisted of only one part. A mathematical model of the free-piston Stirling engine of the first order has been also implemented. The working fluid in the engine is helium. The developed models were independently debugged and then integrated into a single model of the power plant. For each type of model, the corresponding mathematical models are presented and the basic assumptions are described. The model is implemented in an open simulation environment of xcos/scilab, examples of power plant model implementation are presented. Numerical experiments were carried out to study the dynamics of the heating of the contour elements (with independent, and then with integrated modeling) and the effect of the non-stationary thermal state on the engine performance. The article presents the basic equations and the design schemes for the power plant model, as well as some results of numerical simulation, including the dynamics of hot and cold circuit temperature changes and the dynamics of changes in the indicator diagram of the engine when the external thermal circuit is heated. The developed model can be used in the early stages of spacecraft design for a preliminary assessment of the main indicators of the power plant, its dimensions and thermal loads.

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Rozhkov, Vyacheslav V., Kirill K. Krutikov, Vladimir V. Fedotov, and Sergey G. Butrimov. "Modeling the process of self-starting of electric motors for auxiliary needs of a nuclear power plant to accelerate it and minimize various disturbances." Journal Of Applied Informatics 17, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2022-17-2-45-64.

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The article proposes a solution to the problem of accelerating the processes of self-starting of asynchronous electric motors of pumping equipment with the help of simulation computer modeling tools to reduce the negative impact on the power supply circuit of the auxiliary needs of a nuclear power plant. The features of the run-down transient processes and the interaction of machines of various capacities in the autonomous circuit that occurs after they are turned off, the subsequent transition to a backup power source, and the emerging effects during self-start are considered. It is shown that the most severe mode of such a transition occurs as a result of the operation of automatic switching on of the reserve and disconnection of working power sources by technological protections or actions of operational personnel at the operational level of operating voltage and nominal or close to it load sections. The analysis of emerging modes is carried out using models developed in the MatLab computer mathematics system with a built-in electrical application. The features of the processes of run-down and subsequent self-starting at various favorable and unfavorable moments of time and the magnitude of the mismatch between the voltages of the network and the resulting autonomous circuit are demonstrated. The models make it possible to obtain a reliable mathematical description of the electromagnetic and mechanical processes of motors in a complex electromechanical system of several motors, to measure the instantaneous voltage differences between the network and the run-down circuit, and to predict the optimal time to turn on the backup power source. The results of the studies carried out on the models are the development of recommendations on the technology for monitoring voltage and circuit mismatches for the same phases, the assessment of the root-mean-square deviation of these mismatches and the effective search for the moment of re-enabling the backup source to improve the technological modes of nuclear power plants.

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Bordin, Chiara, and Asgeir Tomasgard. "Behavioural Change in Green Transportation: Micro-Economics Perspectives and Optimization Strategies." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133728.

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The increasing demand for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging is putting pressure on the power grids and capacities of charging stations. This work focuses on how to use indirect control through price signals to level out the load curve in order to avoid the power consumption from exceeding these capacities. We propose mathematical programming models for the indirect control of EV charging that aim at finding an optimal set of price signals to be sent to the drivers based on price elasticities. The objective is to satisfy the demand for a given price structure, or minimize the curtailment of loads, when there is a shortage of capacity. The key contribution is the use of elasticity matrices through which it is possible to estimate the EV drivers’ reactions to the price signals. As real-world data on relating the elasticity values to the EV driver’s behaviour are currently non-existent, we concentrate on sensitivity analysis to test how different assumptions on elasticities affect the optimal price structure. In particular, we study how market segments of drivers with different elasticities may affect the ability of the operator to both handle a capacity problem and properly satisfy the charging needs.

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Budanov, Pavlo Feofanovych, Kostiantyn Yuriiovych Brovko, Eduard Anatoliiovych Khomiak, and Yevhen Viacheslavovych Fedorov. "IMPROVEMENT OF ICS OF POWER PLANT UNIT FOR DIFFERENT MODES OF OPERATION." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (1) (December 30, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2020.01.05.

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The analysis of the criteria for improving the technical and economic efficiency in the operation of the electric power equipment of power units of power plants. It is indicated that the existing methods for calculating the technical and economic effect do not take into account the factors that lead to technical and economic costs when the power unit is stopped and the load of electricity consumers is reduced. A significant factor in increasing the technical and economic efficiency in the operation of automated control systems for technological processes at the power unit of the power plant is operational control to identify information with a low level of reliability. It is shown that the reliability of the functioning of the technological equipment of the power unit significantly depends on the efficiency of automated control in emergency situations, when unauthorized shutdowns of the power unit occur due to false alarms. It was found that the reason for false alarms is information about the parameters of the technological process of the power unit, which is characterized by a low degree of reliability. It is shown that unforeseen unauthorized shutdowns of the power unit and a decrease in the load for power consumers lead to significant economic and material losses, and, consequently, to a decrease in technical and economic efficiency with automated control of the power unit. It is shown that the applied technical and economic models do not take into account financial and material costs that occur due to an unauthorized shutdown of the power unit and a decrease in the load for electrical consumers in case of false alarms in real time. A unified integrated economic and mathematical model has been developed, which allows calculating the economic effect, taking into account the change in the reliability of the technological equipment of the power unit, due to the timely prompt detection of false alarms and information with a low degree of reliability. To calculate the economic effect on the basis of the developed unified economic and mathematical model, a modular block of the mode of emergency situations is proposed, associated with the modules of false positives and emergency signs, taking into account the static and operational technical and economic components. Practical recommendations are given for using the technical and economic module in the software and hardware complex of the power unit, which allows calculating the technical and economic effect based on statistical data coming from the data memory and current data from the power unit.

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21

Reinbold, Vincent, Van-Binh Dinh, Daniel Tenfen, Benoit Delinchant, and Dirk Saelens. "Optimal operation of building microgrids – comparison with mixed-integer linear and continuous non-linear programming approaches." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2016-0489.

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PurposeThis paper aims to present two mathematical models to solve the Energy Management problem of a building microgrid (MG). In particular, it proposes a deterministic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and non-linear programming (NLP) formulations. This paper focuses on the modelling process and the optimization performances for both approaches regarding optimal operation of near-zero energy buildings connected to an electric MG with a 24-h time horizon. Design/methodology/approachA general architecture of a MG is detailed, involving energy storage systems, distributed generation and a thermal reduced model of the grid-connected building. A continuous non-linear model is detailed along with linearizations for the mixed-integer liner formulation. Multi-physic, non-linear and non-convex phenomena are detailed, such as ventilation and air quality models. FindingsResults show that both approaches are relevant for solving the energy management problem of the building MG. Originality/valueIntroduction and modelling of the thermal loads within the MG. The resulting linear program handles the mutli-objective trade-off between discomfort and the cost of use taking into account air quality criterion. Linearization and modelling of the ventilation system behaviour, which is generally non-linear and non-convex equality constraints, involving air quality model, heat transfer and ventilation power. Comparison of both MILP and NLP methods on a general use case provides a solution that can be interpreted for implementation.

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Garcia-Guarin, Julian, Diego Rodriguez, David Alvarez, Sergio Rivera, Camilo Cortes, Alejandra Guzman, Arturo Bretas, Julio Romero Aguero, and Newton Bretas. "Smart Microgrids Operation Considering a Variable Neighborhood Search: The Differential Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163149.

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Increased use of renewable energies in smart microgrids (SMGs) present new technical challenges to system operation. SMGs must be self-sufficient and operate independently; however, when more elements are integrated into SMGs, as distributed energy resources (DER), traditional explicit mathematical formulations will demand too much data from the network and become intractable. In contrast, tools based on optimization with metaheuristics can provide near optimal solutions in acceptable times. Considering this, this paper presents the variable neighborhood search differential evolutionary particle swarm optimization (VNS-DEEPSO) algorithm to solve multi-objective stochastic control models, as SMGs system operation. The goal is to control DER while maximizing profit. In this work, DER considered the bidirectional communication between energy storage systems (ESS) and electric vehicles (EVs). They can charge/discharge power and buy/sell energy in the electricity markets. Also, they have elements such as traditional generators (e.g., reciprocating engines) and loads, with demand response/control capability. Sources of uncertainty are associated with weather conditions, planned EV trips, load forecasting and the market prices. The VNS-DEEPSO algorithm was the winner of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation/The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (IEEE-CEC/GECCO 2019) smart grid competition (with encrypted code) and also won the IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (IEEE-WCCI) 2018 smart grid competition (these competitions were developed by the group GECAD, based at the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, in collaboration with Delft University and Adelaide University). In the IEEE-CEC/GECCO 2019, the relative error improved between 32% and 152% in comparison with other algorithms.

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Korovin, Aleksandr V., and Ivan V. Aleksandrov. "COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THREE-PHASE VARIABLES USING QUATERNIONS." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-1-65-72.

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Among the variety of modern approaches to the mathematical description of the power quality indicators during the processes of transmission, distribution, conversion and calculation of the ac electric power, the representation of three-phase models in the form of a purely imaginary quaternion located in a separate subspace of the four-dimensional hypercomplex space allows, in relation to the generally accepted method of analyzing linear circuits, for example, symmetrical components with the selection of a direct, reverse and zero phase sequence for the fundamental harmonic, to take into a more complete account the features of energy consumption, especially in the presence of distortion in the modified forms of harmonic signals. In addition, the division of the quaternion into scalar (real) and partial (imaginary) makes it possible to significantly simplify the subsequent analytical processing of synthesis of a power converters control signals for active filtering and power supply of autonomous loads of an arbitrary type, including a single-phase configuration, by extracting from its composition individual components responsible for both the amplitude-phase asymmetry and the nonlinearity of the characteristics. The main algorithmic principles of organizing control structures as part of three-phase systems of various functional purposes, as a rule, are based on the conversion of reference signals and current values of measured currents and voltages into state coordinates obtained by rotating the three-dimensional space plane by a given angle. At the same time, the calculated ratios for the numerical determination of the initial variables transformed by rotation in the quaternion basis are a function of only four kinematic parameters, which, other things being equal, leads to a simplification of the control law in relation to the traditional vector-matrix approach using nine direction cosines with six connection equations. In this regard, this paper is devoted to the applied problems of implementing linear transformations by E. Clarke and R.H. Park in terms of four-dimensional hypercomplex numbers, in compliance with the additional requirement of the invariance of scalar quantities after the transition.

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S, SKRYPNYK, and KOLLAROV O. "Research of the impact of the introduction of neural networks in the energy sector of Ukraine." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 26, no. 4 (May 24, 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2022-1-39-43.

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A power plant converts energy from a non-electric form to an electric one. Depending on the energy conversion, power plants are classified as minerals, nuclear, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and so on. The main goal is to perform this transformation as best as possible. Criteria of safety, efficiency, reliability and affordability are taken into account as benchmarks. The station consists of several units that generate and work together to meet electricity needs. For a fossil fuel power plant, each unit consists of three main components: a boiler, a turbine and a generator. The complexity of the operation is due to the variability of the load and high efficiency required in a wide range of operations. The main difficulties for the management task then arise due to the strong link between process variables and process nonlinearity. The purpose of this article is to analyze and develop a proposal for the introduction of artificial intelligence in the power industry of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, we will offer the following tasks: - analyze existing systems for the use of artificial intelligence in industry; - develop proposals for the introduction of artificial intelligence in the electricity system of Ukraine. In this study, methods of statistical, factorial, historical, comparative, logical, economic-mathematical and systems analysis, the method of expert assessments were used, which allowed to formulate proposals for the introduction of artificial intelligence in the power industry. Artificial neural networks are the first step towards a fundamentally new system of information analysis. They are mathematical and computer models that simulate the work of biological neurons, ie a system of interacting processes, built on the principle of connecting nerve cells of the human brain. It should be noted that they differ from conventional machine algorithms in the ability to learn, memorize and reproduce images, determine patterns, memorize and analyze information and obtain results. Output signals that arrive at the next processor and continue to be converted. Thus, artificial neurons form networks and layers in which connections are created, restored, maintained and destroyed by special signals. With regard to artificial intelligence, there is no generally accepted definition of artificial intelligence, therefore, by artificial intelligence we mean a machine system capable of learning using objective knowledge and experience, to solve creative problems like the human brain and inventive tasks, not going through options, build strategies and apply abstract concepts. Digitalization and artificial intelligence are penetrating most sectors of the economy, including the electricity sector. The digitalization of energy requires the development and widespread use of end-to-end technologies, including industrial Internet, components of robotics, wireless communications, artificial intelligence and others. Thus, artificial intelligence technologies have prospects for development. Of course, significant targeted funding is needed to achieve significant results. The interaction of research institutes and universities with business is very important, where artificial intelligence technologies are also being developed. Attention of the authorities and society, their understanding of the importance of the tasks facing countries to achieve the goal of implementing artificial intelligence. With regard to electricity, the integration of artificial intelligence into the industry will help optimize and increase efficiency in all aspects of energy production, transmission and consumption. It should be noted that the development of electricity is a step towards the development of other industries. That is why the transition to the digital industry is impossible without the digitalization and intellectualization of the power industry

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25

Popov, Denis I. "Mathematical modeling of electric power processes in integrated test benches with dc machines operating on the principle of mutual load." Yugra State University Bulletin 18, no. 2 (August 7, 2022): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18822/byusu20220261-67.

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The subject of the study is electric power processes in integrated test benches with DC machines and induction machines operating on the principle of mutual loading. The purpose of the study is to obtain a mathematical model that allows us to study the operation of DC machines under specified conditions. Methods of mathematical modeling, well-known mathematical models of elements of two-link frequency converters, numerical methods for solving differential equations systems using the Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order of accuracy implemented in the Mathcad computer algebra system are used for the study. Mathematical modeling takes into account the nonlinearity of the magnetization curve of the magnetic circuits of electric machines and the pulsations of constant voltage supplied to their windings caused by the operation of converters. As a result of the study, mathematical models of electric power processes in test benches were obtained, which allow calculating currents in all branches of the considered electrical circuits, electromagnetic moments and the rotation frequency of the common shaft. The developed mathematical models can be applied in the design of integrated stands for testing DC machines and asynchronous machines by the method of mutual loading.

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26

Chervonchenko, S. S., and V. Ya Frolov. "Research of the operation of an autonomous electrical complex with a combined composition of backup power sources." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 4 (August 17, 2022): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-4-90-104.

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THE PURPOSE. To analyze scientific and technical information and practical experience of the functioning of autonomous electrical complexes with asynchronous electric motors in the composition. To develop a mathematical model of an autonomous electrical complex of a drilling rig with the presence of an active rectifier, an inverter with pulse-width control signals, as well as combined backup power sources – a battery and a diesel generator set. To establish the influence and expediency of using a combined composition of backup power sources on reliable operation and the possibility of overcoming the voltage failure caused by a sharp increase in load in the steady-state operation of an autonomous electrical complex. METHODS. For the successful fulfillment of the tasks set, this study applied the methods of mathematical modeling of power supply systems, methods of simulation modeling, the theories of automatic control, automated electric drive, and electrical circuits. Also, in research used the MATLAB software package with the built-in Simulink graphic modeling environment to create a mathematical computer model and to process the data obtained analytically. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the research topic. The study provides criteria for choosing the composition of backup power sources. Mathematical and simulation models of an autonomous ETC have been developed according to the “power source-frequency converter-industrial load” scheme, taking into account the influence of a non-linear load on the specified power quality indicators. The study has developed the structure of an autonomous electrical complex with a combined composition of backup power sources, which allows to overcome the voltage drop in the network caused by a sharp load surge, while ensuring the required indicators of electricity quality. CONCLUSIONS. The use of a rechargeable battery makes it possible to increase the overload threshold of the main diesel generator set regulated by GOST R 53987-2010 from 30% to 60%, as well as to ensure reliable connection of a backup diesel generator set without interrupting technological processes.

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Kler, Aleksandr M., Pavel V. Zharkov, Elena L. Stepanova, and Yulia M. Potanina. "Accounting for variable operation conditions when optimizing cogeneration GTU and CCGT." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020903014.

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The paper deals with a new approach to mathematical modeling and optimization of cogeneration GTU and CCGT, taking into account the variable conditions of their work, developed at the ISEM SB RAS. An analysis was carried out of the features of using this approach in relation to the thermal power plants. According to this approach at mathematical modelling of the plant there are structural optimized parameters (affecting the design of the plant), mode optimized parameters (affecting the operation of the plant in the mode with partial thermal loads) and balancing parameters affecting solution of the system of equations in the nominal mode and in modes at partial loads The connection between the design calculation (at rated loads) and verification calculations (at partial thermal loads) is carried out through the structural characteristics of the plant elements, determined during the design calculation. Taking into account these features, the problem of optimization of continuously changing parameters of cogeneration TPP was formulated, focused on the use of the developed optimization method. New mathematical models of the elements of the thermal power plants have been created. Optimization technical and economic studies of the considered plants were carried out in relation to various climatic conditions.

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Klepo, Mićo, Vladimir Mikuličić, and Zdenko Šimić. "PEAK PLANT MODELS IN THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM MODEL OF RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY." Journal of Energy - Energija 69, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/202069230.

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The work sets out the results of the theory/methodological refinement of models whereby peak generating plants are included in the reliability and availability patterns of electricity systems while operational planning operations are taking place. Account shall be taken of the technical and energy characteristics of such generating units, as well as of the specific conditions and requirements imposed on such generating units, resulting from their location and the role in covering peak loads and consumption of the electricity system.

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Maximov, Serguei, Manuel A. Corona-Sánchez, Juan C. Olivares-Galvan, Enrique Melgoza-Vazquez, Rafael Escarela-Perez, and Victor M. Jimenez-Mondragon. "Mathematical Calculation of Stray Losses in Transformer Tanks with a Stainless Steel Insert." Mathematics 9, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020184.

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At present it is claimed that all electrical energy systems operate with high values of efficiency and reliability. In electric power systems (EPS), electrical power and distribution transformers are responsible for transferring the electrical energy from power stations up to the load centers. Consequently, it is mandatory to design transformers that possess the highest efficiency and reliability possible. Considerable power losses and hotspots may exist in the bushing region of a transformer, where conductors pass through the tank. Most transformer tanks are made of low-carbon steel, for economical reasons, causing the induction of high eddy currents in the bushing regions. Using a non-magnetic insert in the transformer tank can reduce the eddy currents in the region and as a consequence avoid overheating. In this work, analytical formulations were developed to calculate the magnetic field distribution and the stray losses in the transformer region where bushings are mounted, considering a stainless steel insert (SSI) in the transformer tank. Previously, this problem had only been tackled with numerical models. Several cases were analyzed considering different non-magnetic insert sizes. Additionally, a numerical study using a two dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) axisymmetric model was carried out in order to validate the analytical results. The solved cases show a great concordance between models, obtaining relative errors between the solutions of less than two percent.

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30

Kumar, Lokendra, and N. A. Ravi. "A load flow analysis for distribution system under various mathematical load models of electric vehicle." International Journal of Power and Energy Conversion 13, no. 1 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpec.2022.125224.

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N.A., Ravi, and Lokendra Kumar. "A load flow analysis for distribution system under various mathematical load models of electric vehicle." International Journal of Power and Energy Conversion 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpec.2022.10044680.

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Bulatov, Yuri, Andrey Kryukov, and Aleksandr Cherepanov. "Mathematical models for determining limit operating modes in electrical networks with distributed generation plants." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2020-4-17-36.

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Анотація:

Decentralization of electricity generation based on distributed generation plants is an important segment of the new technology platform for the power industry. On the basis of this approach, significant positive effects can be obtained, which consist in reducing financial costs of energy supply, increasing the uninterrupted power supply, improving the quality of electricity and stimulating the use of renewable energy sources. Effective use of distributed generation in electric power systems requires the development of methods and tools that provide coordinated management of normal, emergency and post-emergency modes. Of particular relevance is the problem of determining the limit operating modes of networks, at the nodal points of which relatively low power generators are connected. In some situations, for example, when using small hydraulic stations, groups of such generators can be located at significant distances for 6-10-20 kV distribution networks from consumption centers. In this case there will be a noticeable limitation of the regions of static aperiodic stability. The article presents the results of developments aimed at implementing methods for determining the limit operating modes by static aperiodic stability in networks with distributed generation plants. The proposed approach is based on the limit modes equations which provide the formation of effective algorithms for the operational finding of points belonging to the boundaries of stability regions. The results of the construction of the indicated areas for a 6 kV electric network with distributed generation plants based on low-power hydraulic stations are presented. Additionally, the transient processes in the studied electric power system were simulated in the Matlab system for various space points of the controlled mode parameters.

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Mativo, John, Kevin Hallinan, Uduak George, Greg Reich, and Robin Steininger. "Topology optimized thermoelectric generator: a parametric study." Energy Harvesting and Systems 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2021-0002.

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Abstract Typical thermoelectric generator legs are brittle which limits their application in vibratory and shear environments. Research is conducted to develop compliant thermoelectric generators (TEGs) capable of converting thermal loads to power, while also supporting shear and vibratory loads. Mathematical structural, thermal, and power conversion models are developed. Topology optimization is employed to tailor the TEG design yield maximal power production while sustaining the applied shear and vibratory loads. As a specific example, results are presented for optimized TEG legs with a void volume fraction of 0.2 that achieve compliance shear displacement of 0.0636 (from a range of 0.0504 to 0.6079). In order to achieve the necessary compliance to support the load, the power reduction is reduced by 20% relative to similarly sized void free TEG legs.

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AFANAS’YEV, Alexander A. "The Mathematical Models of Converter Fed Permanent Magnet Motors." Elektrichestvo 2, no. 2 (2021): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-2-66-70.

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Анотація:

The mathematical models of converter fed permanent magnet motors written in the coordinate axes are considered. Owing to pulse-width modulation, the currents and voltages of the motors are assumed to be sinusoidal. In the models with two state equations, the stator current is represented only by its quadrature-axis component, and the variable load angle appears in explicit or implicit form. These equations are most close to the similar equations of dc commutator motors. Third-order equations contain both stator current components; the load angle in them is fixed as constant one or varies to maintain the unity power factor for an arbitrary load. The models constructed in the form of state equations of the appropriate order, which are implemented in the MathCad software, illustrate possible functional regimes of the motor and indicate the ways of their possible implementations using means known from the practice.

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Apena, Waliu Olalekan. "A Knowledge-Based Demand Side Management: Interruptible Direct Load Approach." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.6.399.

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The study focussed on managing electrical energy supplied to consumers from distribution end through initial knowledge on data acquisition and embedded system. It was achieved by controlling the inductive loads at the consumer premise. The study re-shaped the load and energy demand curve by cycling customers’ inductive loads which are prone to drawing high currents such as air conditioner and water heaters. Data from power utilities were gathered and analysed using tools to generate waveform pattern for energy consumption. Mathematical models for air conditioners and water heaters were derived in order to remotely control the appliances with the aids of embedded system implemented on the consumer premise.

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Apena, Waliu Olalekan. "A Knowledge-Based Demand Side Management: Interruptible Direct Load Approach." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.6.399.

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Анотація:

The study focussed on managing electrical energy supplied to consumers from distribution end through initial knowledge on data acquisition and embedded system. It was achieved by controlling the inductive loads at the consumer premise. The study re-shaped the load and energy demand curve by cycling customers’ inductive loads which are prone to drawing high currents such as air conditioner and water heaters. Data from power utilities were gathered and analysed using tools to generate waveform pattern for energy consumption. Mathematical models for air conditioners and water heaters were derived in order to remotely control the appliances with the aids of embedded system implemented on the consumer premise.

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Zhu, Jiawei, and Bhuvana Ramachandran. "An Advanced Optimization Based Simulation Model to Study the Impact of Cyber-Physical Attacks on Power Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeee.8.4.74-81.

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Анотація:

The promotion of energy internet causes external information to directly or indirectly affect power system control decisions through various business approaches. The interaction mechanism between power network and information network becomes increasingly complex. Modern power systems become more prone to cyber-attacks and physical attacks because of the high integration of information layer and physical layer. This paper provides an insight into the impacts of cyber and physical attacks on power systems, where the attacks are modeled in the form of mathematical (optimization) equations representing the attacks. Moreover, the cyber and physical attacks are modeled in the form of Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. The authors have simulated cyber-attack on transmission lines and cyber-physical attack on both transmission lines and loads. The MILP problem is solved by commercial solver, CPLEX. A case study on a modified IEEE 14 bus test system is considered to demonstrate the results of this research. Simulation results on the test system show that the cyber and physical attacks on power systems could cause undesirable load curtailment and mitigation of such attacks becomes essential for secure operation of the electric grid. This research would enable the power system operators to understand the potentially damaging effects of cyber-physical attack and advance their knowledge about such attacks so that prevention and mitigation of attacks on the power systems is possible.

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38

Papaika, Yu A., O. G. Lysenko, A. V. Bublikov, and I. G. Olishevskiy. "Reliability assessment of power supply systems with powerful nonlinear loads." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2020-4-3.

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Анотація:

Purpose. To substantiate the expediency of applying distribution laws to model the reliability of power supply systems with powerful nonlinear loads. Methodology. Application of exponential and normal distribution laws, and Weibull's law. Findings. In a comprehensive assessment of the problem of electromagnetic compatibility and the development of multicriteria parameters of energy efficiency of power supply systems of industrial enterprises, it is most appropriate to use the reliability of the elements that are mathematically described by the Weibull distribution. At the same time, the results of modeling of typical electrical modes and variations of substitution schemes of enterprises showed the sensitivity of reliability indicators to changes in power system capacity. Originality. New theoretical foundations for research in modern power supply systems with increasing nonlinear load capacity have developed the scientific basis for analysis and synthesis of energy processes in multiphase electrical systems and propose methods of correction taking into account the complex action of sources of electromagnetic interference. And also to offer methods of estimation of their influence on reliability and efficiency of work of the basic electrotechnological equipment. Practical value. The possibility of applying the obtained results to assess the reliability of power supply systems with powerful nonlinear loads is substantiated. The necessary accuracy and reliability of the decision at the levels of random events, quantities and processes is provided. The mathematical apparatus for the analysis of the main indicators of reliability in the presence of non-sinusoidal voltage is given. Conclusions are made on the adequacy of the calculation results at different stages of electricity distribution. It is shown that the simultaneous optimization of reliability and voltage quality are components of a complex scientific problem of ensuring energy efficiency of electrical networks in the implementation of decentralized models of the energy system.

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39

Диордиев, В. Т., А. А. Кашкарёв, and А. А. Диордиев. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF THE DYNAMIC ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS." Proceedings of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University 19, no. 2 (2019): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2078-0877-19-2-200-207.

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40

Mihaylenko, V., J. Chunyak, and V. Bachinskiy. "Analysis of processes in converter with eleven zone regulation output voltage." POWER ENGINEERING: economics, technique, ecology, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1813-5420.3.2020.228610.

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Анотація:

Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized beside this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator . Mathematical model is created for analysis electro-magnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width pulsed regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method much parametric functions was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for eleven zoned regulations of the output voltage. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub- system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created. The obtained results have a great value for development theoretical electrical engineering in a direction of simplification of calculations of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semi-conductor converters of the electric power. The Electromagnetic processes in electric circuit under width- pulse regulation possible to analyse with use the algorithmic equations multivariable function, which argument are a system parameters semiconductor commutator, signal of control, phases to network of the power supply and time. Introduction multivariable function with discrete parameter in algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in electric circuit of the variable structure allows to reflect change of this structure under system components, simplifying modeling and analysis of such processes to account of the generalization of the got equations. Except specified correlations and diagrams designed model allows to analyse forms of the output voltages and current of the separate power modules.

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41

Batsala, Ya V., I. V. Hlad, I. I. Yaremak, and O. I. Kiianiuk. "Mathematical model for forecasting the process of electric power generation by photoelectric stations." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 1 (2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-1/111.

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Анотація:

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power plants in power systems by creating a model for forecasting the amount of electricity produced in the form of a harmonic function and determining the prospects for using the selected mathematical software to develop software applications. Methodology. To determine the amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic plants per day and year, statistical methods are applied using the harmonic function which allows taking into account the main meteorological factors of power change of photomodules. A technique is proposed for taking into account the level of generation by photovoltaic stations to track changes in voltage levels in the connection nodes. Findings. Mathematical models for forecasting the electricity generation of photovoltaic stations for different time ranges are built. The influence of weather factors, the length of daylight and the structure of the local generation system on the level of electricity generated by photovoltaic plants is investigated. Necessity is conditioned to use a harmonic function for forecasting the amount of electricity produced, which improves the efficiency of calculations for new and existing power plants. Originality. The factors of the influence of daylight hours and cloudiness on the level of electricity generation by photovoltaic stations are taken into account, as well as meteorological data that make it possible to predict the value of the amount of electricity generated for a certain period of time. The dependences of the amount of generated electricity by photovoltaic stations are obtained in the form of a harmonious function with reference to a coefficient that takes into account the cloud level for predicting generation volumes. Practical value. Created mathematical models of forecasting by means of harmonic function and analysis of voltage change in nodes of local networks allow increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic stations, simplify calculation of change of levels of voltages in a electric network, the forecasted values of the generated electric power on the day ahead system on the basis of duration of the light day, meteorological data and other external factors at commissioning of photovoltaic stations.

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42

Baran, P., Y. Varetsky, V. Kidyba, and Y. Pryshliak. "A mathematical model for the virtual simulator of the power unit electrical part." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1216, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1216/1/012009.

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Анотація:

Abstract The mathematical model is developed for a virtual training system (simulator) of the power unit electrical part operators of a thermal (nuclear) power plant. The model is used to simulating the main operating conditions of the power unit electrical part: generator idling, generator synchronization with the power system, excitation shifting from the main unit to the backup one and vice versa, switching in the power unit auxiliary system, and others. Furthermore, it has been implemented modelling some probable emergency conditions within a power plant: incomplete phase switching, damage to standard power unit equipment, synchronous oscillations, asynchronous mode, etc. The model of the power unit electrical part consists of two interacting software units: models of power equipment (turbine, generator with excitation systems, auxiliary system) and models of its control systems, automation, relay protection and signalling. The models are represented by the corresponding algebraic-differential equations that provide real-time mapping power unit processes at the operator’s request. The developed model uses optimal solving algebraic-differential equations to ensure the virtual process behaviour in real-time. In particular, the implicit Euler method is used to solve differential equations, which is stable when simulating processes in significant disturbances, such as accidental disconnection of the unit from the power system, tripping and energizing loads, generator excitation loss, etc.

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43

Zheng, Hua, Li Xie, and Jun Xiong. "Elasticity Analysis Modeling by Least Squares Support Vector Machines Applied to System Load." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.165.

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Анотація:

Load elasticity analysis is effective for quantitative dynamic analysis on the load volatility in electric power planning. However traditional linear methods are always based on the definite mathematical or physical models of the observed problem, which is not suitable for the complicated real cases, especially electric load. So this paper describes a novel model for the elasticity analysis on the electric load. First to overcome the limitations of traditional regression methods, load simulation model are proposed by LS-SVM that is a strong nonlinear regression tool and outperforms standard support vector machine in the regression accuracy and modeling velocity. Based on that model, numerical simulation is performed to simulate the changes in load and its influence factors in consistency with the latent mapping relationship. Then electric load sensitivity models are deduced. Finally, the case studies are used to test the proposed model.

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44

Hazelrigg, G. A. "On the Role and Use of Mathematical Models in Engineering Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829465.

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Анотація:

Mathematical models encompassing virtually all aspects of engineered products are in widespread use. Indeed, entire industries exist in support of some models: finite element models, computational fluid dynamics models, electric power grid load-flow models, process models, simulation models, and so on. Nonetheless, the purpose, construction, and use of models is not adequately understood. One major issue is that no model perfectly represents reality. Therefore models always diverge from reality somewhere, and they are always inaccurate by some amount. Estimation of model error and the use of model-generated results in support of engineering design decision making are key to the successful use of models.

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45

Petrochenkov, Anton, Aleksandr Romodin, Vladimir Kazantsev, Aleksey Sal’nikov, Sergey Bochkarev, Yuri Gagarin, Ruslan Shapranov, and Pavel Brusnitcin. "Principles of Imitation for the Loading of the Test Bench for Gas Turbines of Gas Pumping Units, Adequate to Real Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 13678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413678.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of loading methods for gas turbines as well as to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes the real operating conditions of the loading system at various loads and rotation speeds. A comparative analysis of the most common methods and technical means of loading the shafts of a free turbine at gas turbine plants intended for operation as part of gas pumping units is presented. Based on the results of the analysis, the expediency of using the loading model “Free Power Turbine Rotor–Hydraulic Brake” as a load simulation is shown. Recommendations for the creation of an automation system for the load testing of power plants have been developed. Mathematical models and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation models of power plants have been developed and tested. One of the most important factors that predetermine the effectiveness of the loading principle is the possibility of software implementation of the loading means using software control systems that provide the specified loading parameters of the gas turbine.

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46

Derkachev, S. V. "Microprocessor protection of electrical motors against phase failure in external power supply network." Vestnik IGEU, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.1.046-053.

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Анотація:

Nonsymmetrical modes in the external power supply network during operation can be caused by several reasons: phase failure due to strong wind or glaciation of overhead power lines, wire burnout due to persistent short circuits, open phase automatic reclosing. In case of open phase condition, the external power supply network, synchronous and asynchronous electric motors are powered along the two phases that are in operation. It leads to the negative sequence current, which poses maximum danger for electric motors, since it causes additional heating and, as a result, premature damage. Therefore, the currently important goal of the project is to study transient processes of the motor load when an open phase mode occurs in the external power supply network and to design microprocessor protection of electrical motors against phase failure in the supply network. To achieve the goal, a computer simulation method is used, based on mathematical models of the elements of electrical network presented as the systems of differential equations in a three-phase coordinate system. The regularities of the flow of transient processes in synchronous and asynchronous electric motors in case of open phase modes in both the internal and external power supply networks have been established. Thus, it is possible to develop an algorithm of the operation of microprocessor protection of electrical motors against phase failure in the external power supply network. The proposed algorithm is based on monitoring the negative sequence current level and the absence of current in one of the phases at the section input. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm to protect electrical motors against open phase modes in an external power supply network has a high selectivity. Its use as a starting element of the fast-acting automatic transfer switch device allows you to provide uninterrupted power supply for enterprises with a continuous technological process.

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47

Peng, Huiming, G. Maksim Popov, Feng Li, and Zhiyu Lu. "Dynamic Identification of Equivalent Parameters of Mathematical Models of Power Electrical Equipment of Electromechanical Power Systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2166, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2166/1/012024.

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Abstract The article describes a method for dynamic identification of AC and DC hybrid power network parameters. The inaccuracy of the parameters of the electromechanical transient simulation model of the power system has caused the obvious difference between the simulation results and the actual measurement, which has restricted its online application. Over the years, the dynamic parameter identification technology based on field test and test has made great progress, but it is far from satisfactory and accurate. There is still a long research journey for the requirements of performance. The online identification method based on the actual dynamic parameters of the power system is a way to solve the problem. The article includes the main microprocessor modules for system parametric identification of load (SIP L) and an overhead power transmission line (SIP TL). The article will analyze the active electrical network and passive electrical network

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48

Faria, Pedro, and Zita Vale. "Realistic Load Modeling for Efficient Consumption Management Using Real-Time Simulation and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010338.

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Анотація:

By empowering consumers and enabling them as active players in the power and energy sector, demand flexibility requires more precise and sophisticated load modeling. In this paper, a laboratory testbed was designed and implemented for surveying the behavior of laboratory loads in different network conditions by using real-time simulation. Power hardware-in-the-loop was used to validate the load models by testing various technical network conditions. Then, in the emulation phase, the real-time simulator controlled a power amplifier and different laboratory equipment to provide a realistic testbed for validating the load models under different voltage and frequency conditions. In the case study, the power amplifier was utilized to supply a resistive load to emulate several consumer load modeling. Through the obtained results, the errors for each load level and the set of all load levels were calculated and compared. Furthermore, a fixed consumption level was considered. The frequency was changed to survey the behavior of the load during the grid’s instabilities. In the end, a set of mathematical equations were proposed to calculate power consumption with respect to the actual voltage and frequency variations.

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49

Witzani, M., and P. Pechtl. "Modeling of (Cogeneration) Power Plants on Time-Dependent Power Demands of the Consumer." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816596.

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This paper presents a planning tool where rigorous plant performance models are used to produce accurate plant performance data reflecting real plant operation under the loads specified by load demand curves. Cumulative figures such as total fuel consumption and production efficiency serve as the basis for a subsequent detailed economic analysis. Basic inputs to the model are the energy demand curves for a specific site on a daily, hourly, or even per minute basis. The plant performance model takes into account the varying load levels, ambient conditions, fuel price, and revenues from electric power delivered off-site. The load/performance simulator calculates plant performance and basic economic parameters at each point in time of the load demand curve to exactly match the given energy demand (Fig. 1). The results are critical economic data like cumulated fuel consumption and expenses, total energy production, and overall averaged plant efficiency. The performance model delivers detailed plant performance data on an overall plant as well as component level. The results reflect real plant operation under all varying conditions, hence produce highly significant performance and economic parameters.

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50

Denisov, V. A. "Determination of optimal operating modes of the Ukrainian power system when covering the daily schedule of electrical loads, ensuring the necessary volumes of redundancy and using storage capacities." Problems of General Energy 2020, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2020.04.0.

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We propose a model of mathematical programming with integer variables, the use of which provides a search for the optimal modes of redundancy and loading of storage capacities of the power plants in Ukraine with covering the daily schedule of electrical loads. The main purpose of this work is to create a tool for studying the possibilities of optimized dispatching of generating capacities of thermal power plants, as well as generating and reserve capacities of high-power storage units within the IPS of Ukraine, the limits of permissible values of the parameters of generating and storing capacities, at which stable balanced operation of the energy system is possible. The model enables one to determine the optimal modes of using generating and storing capacities for covering the schedule of electrical loads without using storage and with using storage at different values of the total installed and peak power of SES and wind farms. The model takes into account the specific features of the operation of reserve and storage capacities of the Ukrainian energy system – the maximal possibilities for change in the power of storage and generation of electricity units of the Ukrainian energy system and possibility to provide support for frequency recovery reserves (secondary regulation) at a given level, located at thermal power plants, PSPPS, and high-power storage facilities. The model enables us to study the possibilities of optimized dispatching of the components of the IPS of Ukraine, the limits of permissible values of parameters of generating and storing capacities, at which stable balanced operation of the energy system is possible and can be applied in the tasks of forming forecast balances covering daily schedules of electric loads to study the prospects for short- and long-term development of storage and generating capacities of the national energy system, which is relevant under conditions of rapid growth of the capacity of wind and solar power plants. The model is implemented in the mathprog algebraic modeling language, which is a component of the Solver Studio optimization package and uses the COIN-OR PuLP modeling language. Keywords: power system, daily load schedule of the power system, reserve and storage capacities, model of mathematical programming with integer variables, optimal solution

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