Дисертації з теми "Electric legislation"
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陳祖欣 and Cho-yan Ernest Chan. "Hong Kong government's regulation on electric utility companies and the effects on the financial performance of such companies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128237.
Повний текст джерелаSinger, Susan Sullivan. "Acid rain provisions of the 1990 clean air amendments : affects on residential electric customers /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040223/.
Повний текст джерелаFomina, Olena Volodymirivna, and Olena Ihorivna Hnasko. "Cost management of Ukrainian electric power companies." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53947.
Повний текст джерелаThis article evolves the problem of complexity of Ukrainian electricity field in terms of the electric power companies’ cost managing. The aspect of costs for environmental protection is pointed out. The importance of the managerial accounting principles in a costs management process is mentioned.
Дана стаття розкриває проблему уураїнської електроенергетики в умовах управління витратами підприємства. Висвітлено аспект витрат на охорону навколишнього середовища. Розкрито питання важливості принципів управлінського обліку у процесі управління витрат.
Mattos, Carlos Eduardo Lourenço. "Metodologia de ensaio de fluência em cabos de transmissão de energia elétrica." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1360.
Повний текст джерелаOverhead Transmission Line construction projects have a great environmental impact and require a large financial investment. This research aims, through laboratory tests, to improve the method of determining the creep of power cables and OPGW (Optical Ground Wire) that has been utilized in Brazil for the last thirty years, as well as analyze the effects on the construction of overhead transmission lines. It will provide greater reliability to the overhead transmission line system, since the design, construction, operation and maintenance of transmission lines depend on the mechanical performance of the conductors. In conclusion, the proposed methodology provides more reliable final results compared to the current standardized procedure and its use in overhead transmission line projects could reduce construction costs, increase the ampacity, as well as reduce the risks to which people are subject when exposed to electric and electromagnetic fields generated by power lines.
Kácl, František. "Rozptýlená výroba a její vliv na distribuční síť." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217857.
Повний текст джерелаМалахов, Дмитро Сергійович. "Зміцнення поверхні сплаву АМг6 комбінованою високоенергетичною обробкою". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/41423.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of research - physico-chemical processes that occur as a result of electrospark doping with titanium, tungsten, copper and ultrasonic shock treatment of the surface of the aluminum alloy AMg6. The purpose of the work is the synthesis of composite coatings on the surface of AMg6 alloy by electrospark doping of Ti, W or Cu with subsequent ultrasonic shock treatment. Research methods - microdiurometric, X-ray structural and micro-X-ray spectral analysis, transmission electron microscopy, as well as tests for corrosion resistance. Practical significance - the scientific results obtained in this work are of practical interest for the mechanical engineering and aviation industries. Research results - an effective way to strengthen the surface layer of aluminum alloy AMg6 using a combine processing - EDA and UIT. Electrospark doping helps to strengthen the surface due to the formation of intermetallic phases - Al3Ti, Al18Ti2Mg3, Al12W, Al5W, Al2Cu and Al6Mg4Cu in the near-surface layer up to 25 μm thick. Ultrasonic shock treatment determines the dispersion of the subgrain / grain structure, increases the hardness by 70-80 % and enhances the mass transfer of the alloying element. The result of the combined treatment is an increase in microhardness (up to 3.5 times) and corrosion resistance of the surface layers of the AMg6 alloy compared to the initial state.
Chan, Tak-fai Dan, and 陳德輝. "Electronic signature : towards a seamless integration of legislation and technology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206325.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Computer Science
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Frantz, Courtney Siler. "An electronic storage and access system for special education legislation." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618425.
Повний текст джерелаМалахов, Дмитро Сергійович. "Зміцнення поверхні сплаву АМг6 електроіскровим легуванням Cu та ультразвуковою ударною обробкою". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/29191.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of research is the physical and chemical processes that take place near the electrosurgical doping of copper and ultrasonic shock treatment of the surface of aluminium alloy AMg6. The purpose of the work is the synthesis of composite coatings on the surface of AMg alloy by the electrospray doping of Cu followed by ultrasonic shock treatment. Methods of research - microdyrometric, X-ray and micro-ray diffraction analysis, transdermal electron microscopy, as well as corrosion resistance tests. Practical significance - the scientific results obtained in the work are of practical interest to the mechanical engineering and aviation industry. The results of the research - an effective way to strengthen the surface layer of aluminium alloy AMg6 with the help of combined processing - EIL and UIT. Electrospray doping with copper electrode helps to strengthen the surface due to the formation in the near-surface layer up to 25 microns of intermetallic phases - Al2Cu and Al6Mg4Cu. Ultrasonic shock treatment causes the dispersion of the sub-grains / grain structure, increases the hardness by 70-80 % and promotes the intensification of the mass transfer of the alloying element. The result of the combined treatment is an increase in microhardness (3,5 times) and corrosion resistance of the surface layers of AMg6 alloy as compared to the initial state.
Pennock, Michael. "Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) creating an electronics equipment takeback program in light of current European Union directives and possible U.S. legislation /." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003pennockm.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Samuel (Samuel Siyue). "Information extraction to facilitate translation of natural language legislation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64598.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
There is a large body of existing legislation and policies that govern how government organizations and corporations can share information. Since these rules are generally expressed in natural language, it is difficult and labor intensive to verify whether or not data sharing events are compliant with the relevant policies. This work aims to develop a natural language processing framework that automates significant portions of this translation process, so legal policies are more accessible to existing automated reasoning systems. Even though these laws are expressed in natural language, for this very specific domain, only a handful of sentence structures are actually used to convey logic. This structure can be exploited so that the program can automatically detect who the actor, action, object, and conditions are for each rule. In addition, once the structure of a rule is identified, similar rules can be presented to the user. If integrated into an authoring environment, this will allow the user to reuse previously translated rules as templates to translate novel rules more easily, independent of the target language for translation. A body of 315 real-world rules from 12 legal sources was collected and annotated for this project. Cross-validation experiments were conducted on this annotated data set, and the developed system was successful in identifying the underlying rule structure 43% of the time, and annotating the underlying tokens with recall of .66 and precision of .66. In addition, for 70% of the rules in each test set, the underlying rule structure had been seen in the training set. This suggests that the hypothesis that rules can only be expressed in a limited number of ways is probable.
by Samuel Wang.
S.M.
Callwood, Concha Maria. "The role of legislative processes and electric utilities in effecting global environmental goals." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063050/.
Повний текст джерелаRahman, Kazi Muinur. "A proposal for the taxation of electronic commerce /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82668.
Повний текст джерелаThe challenges raised by EC business activities have been recognized by many governments and the OECD, and the OECD has tried to resolve these issues by modifying the traditional rules. The aim of this thesis is to analyse whether the professed modifications of the traditional rules could provide an adequate solution to the challenges raise by EC business activities, as well as to determine whether it is possible to develop and implement a new set of operation rules, premised on the implicit justifications of the existing operational rules, for the taxation of multinational corporations conducting EC business activities. The thesis does not intend to provide an ultimate solution, but it tries to consider an alternative approach that could be applicable for the taxation of EC business activities, and to contribute to the debate, assuming that national governments intend to tax corporations.
Ylä-Mella, J. (Jenni). "Strengths and challenges in the Finnish waste electrical and electronic equipment recovery system:consumers’ perceptions and participation." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526209821.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Sähkö- ja elektroniikkalaitteiden (SE-laitteiden) tuotanto ja käyttö ovat kasvaneet merkittävästi viime vuosikymmenten aikana uusien teknologisten ratkaisujen ja sovellusten myötä. Nopea teknologinen kehitys, SE-laitteiden jokapäiväistyminen sekä elintason nousu ovat johtaneet tilanteeseen, jossa ne ovat helpommin vaihdettavissa kuin koskaan aikaisemmin. Tämän seurauksena myös sähkö- ja elektroniikkaromun (SE-romu, SER) määrä on nopeassa kasvussa. Vähentääkseen SE-romun aiheuttamia haitallisia ympäristö- ja terveysvaikutuksia sekä tehostaakseen hyödyllisten materiaalien talteenottoa SE-romusta Euroopan Unioni on ottanut käyttöön sähkö- ja elektroniikkalaitteisiin liittyviä direktiivejä. Tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa on tarkasteltu SER-direktiivin kansallista käyttöönottoa ja keräysverkoston kehittymistä Suomessa. Lisäksi kuluttajakäsitystä ja -tietoisuutta arvioitiin Oulun alueella toteutetulla kyselytutkimuksella. Työssä on arvioitu myös kuluttajien roolia käytöstä poistettujen SE-laitteiden kotivarastoinnissa ja sen vaikutuksia jätehierarkian toteutumiseen. Tulokset osoittavat, että kansallinen implementointi on onnistunut Suomessa; kansallinen lainsäädännöllinen perusta ja toimiva keräysjärjestelmä on saavutettu vain muutamassa vuodessa. Tutkimuksesta selviää, että kuluttajatietoisuus keräysjärjestelmän tärkeydestä ja sen olemassaolosta on hyvällä tasolla; matkapuhelinten korkea säilytysaste kotitalouksissa viittaa kuitenkin nykyisen järjestelmän riittämättömyyteen motivoida kuluttajia palauttamaan pientä SE-romua keräysjärjestelmään. SE-laitteiden elinkaaren vaikutusten tarkastelu osoittaa, että varastointi estää matkapuhelinten uudelleenkäyttöä ja estää jätteen synnyn ehkäisyä. Lisäksi se viivästyttää hyödyllisten materiaalien palautumista kierrätykseen vaarantaen myös jätehierarkian toteutumisen. Siksi koulutus ja tietoisuuden lisääminen ovat tärkeässä roolissa ympäristömyötäisemmän keräysjärjestelmän saavuttamiseksi Suomessa
Landini, Luiz Alberto Rodrigues. "A consolidação das redes de trasmissão e de distribuição do sistema eletrico brasileiro em face da intervenção do Estado na propiedade." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263969.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: A reestruturação e a privatização do setor elétrico a partir de 1995 redefiniram o papel do Estado neste setor, que passa a assumir a função regulatória e de controle em substituição às atividades de agente empreendedor. Com essa não interveniência o Estado tornou-se apenas responsável pela regulação, fiscalização e controle dos serviços públicos concedidos de energia elétrica, sendo que o fortalecimento do marco regulatório se deu com a criação da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ¿ ANEEL, instituída pela Lei nº 9.427, de 26 de dezembro de 1996. Paradoxalmente a isso, os serviços de infra-estrutura de energia elétrica, para que possam ser implementados, necessitam da intervenção do Estado na propriedade do particular. Assim ocorre na geração, transmissão e na distribuição de energia elétrica. Um país de dimensões continentais como o Brasil, torna tais serviços de grande complexidade para sua implementação, pois desde a geração da energia elétrica até os grandes centros consumidores há necessidade da implantação de uma vasta rede de linhas transmissoras e distribuidoras que transpassam por inúmeras propriedades sobre as quais recaem os ônus da servidão, ou, quando não, são desapropriadas para a destinação a ser dada pelas concessionárias, trazendo sérios transtornos aos seus proprietários. Neste contexto observa-se no presente trabalho que, conquanto o detentor do imóvel não perde o domínio de sua propriedade, pois não há a transferência dela para a concessionária nos casos de instituição de servidão de passagem de linhas transmissoras e distribuidoras de energia elétrica, há sempre a restrição quanto ao uso, gozo e fruição da mesma. Diferindo da faixa de servidão, na desapropriação ocorre a transferência da propriedade para o titular do direito à expropriação, fazendo com que o proprietário perca sua propriedade para o Estado, representado por quem esse tenha outorgado a concessão ou permissão para a exploração do serviço. Para tanto, compete ao poder concedente como medida preparatória, a emissão dos atos declaratórios de utilidade pública para fins de desapropriação ou de instituição de servidão administrativa no setor elétrico tal qual previsto na Lei nº 8.987, de 13 de fevereiro de 1995 (Lei de Concessões), que dispõe sobre o regime de concessão e permissão da prestação de serviços públicos previsto no caput do art. 175 da Constituição Federal. No entanto, a reestruturação e a privatização de diversos setores, tais quais previstos no Programa Nacional de Desestatização - PND, trouxeram algumas dificuldades que não eram observadas quando todas as empresas implementadoras de infra-estrutura eram estatais. Neste contexto se situam as empresas prestadoras dos serviços públicos de energia elétrica, e de rodovias, em face das controvérsias verificadas quanto à utilização transversal e longitudinal das faixas de domínio das rodovias por empresas transmissoras e distribuidoras de energia elétrica, em razão de cobranças pecuniárias para sua utilização, denominadas como receitas complementares ou acessórias. O presente trabalho além de abordar o entendimento das concessionárias envolvidas, e das agências ARTESP, CSPE, ANEEL, e ABCR, ao final, trata de questão recém regulamentada, ou seja, a incorporação das redes particulares de distribuição, que não disponham de ato autorizativo do poder concedente, ao patrimônio das concessionárias de energia elétrica, em face da disposição contida na Lei nº 10.848, de 15 de março de 2004, que dispõe sobre a comercialização de energia, dando, também, outras providências. Estas questões, entre outras, são discutidas no presente trabalho, trazendo a lume, ao seu final, conclusões e recomendações quanto aos temas abordados
Abstract: The restructuring and privatization of the Brazilian electric sector started in 1995, has redefined the State¿s role within this sector that now starts to play the regulating and controlling functions instead of those of a contractor agent. With the non-intervention, the State has become the responsible for regulating, supervising and controlling the granted electric energy public services; keeping in mind that the strenghtening of the regulatory process begun with the founding of the Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ¿ ANEEL, instituted by Law nº 9.427, 1996 december 26th. On the other hand, for the implementation of the electric energy infrastructure services, it is necessary the State¿s intervention on private properties. That is the way it happens in generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy. A country like Brazil with continental dimensions, makes the implementation of such services quite complex, because from the generation point to the great consumer markets there is the need of implementing huge transmission and distribution networks through many private properties which suffer the burden of public right of free passage over it, or in many other cases these properties are expropriated and whose destination is decided by the utilities, causing serious troubles to their rightful owners. Under this circumstances it is observed in this project that although the land owner does not lose the right over his property (for there is not a legal transfer from the owner to the utility when the public right of free passage to the transmission and distribution networks is aplicable), there is always the problem related to the restriction of the usage, fruition and enjoyment of this very property by the owner. When it comes to expropriation, there is the transfer of the owner's rights, makin the owner loses it's property to the State; the State is, in this case, represented by a company that was granted the rights or permission to exploit the service. For this to happen, it is due to the power in charge of granting this concession (as a preparatory measure), the issuing of declaratory actions aiming the expropriation or the institution of administrative servitude in the electric sector, as foreseen in the Law nº 8.987 (february 13th 1995) known as Leis de Concessão (Concessions Law), which determines the clauses of the concession¿s set of rules, and the granting of the rendering of public services, as stated by caput in art. 175 of the Federal Constitution. However, the restructuring and privatization of various segments, according to the Programa Nacional de Desestatização ¿ PND (National Program for Privatization), have brought some difficulties that were not taken into account when all the companies resposible for implementing the infrastructure belonged to the State. We may include in this context, the companies which rendered electric energy public services, and highways, in view of the controversies related to the transversal and longitudinal usage of the sovereignty zones belonging to the highways by transmission and distribution of electric energy companies, due to pecuniary charges for its usage, the so-called complementary or secondary income. This document besides aproaching the understanding of the involved utilities as well as the agencies ARTESP, CSPE, ANEEL, and ABCR, deals with a recently regulated issue, that is, the incorporation of private distribution networks, which do not have an authorization act from the granting power, to the net assets of the electric energy utilities, in view of the clause contained in the Law nº 10.848, march 15th 2004, which establishes regulations over the energy trade, offering other arrangements as well. These issues, among others, are detailed in this current document, showing at the end, conclusions and recommendations related to the topics discussed.
Doutorado
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
Fridesjö, Jonathan. "Potential energy savings through legislative development : A closer look at EU Ecodesign requirements for electric motors." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-47103.
Повний текст джерелаRamaswamy, Muruga Perumal. "Combating challenges in E-business: scope and limitations of international law and national legal measures in USA and China and therole of Hong Kong as a hub." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43877655.
Повний текст джерелаAkca, Alper. "An Examination Of The Legislative Framework For Supporting The Renewable Tariffs." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610072/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTemur, Nuri. "Computer Crime as a Barrier to Electronic Commerce: New Solutions for Public Law Enforcement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3171/.
Повний текст джерелаYu, Ya Yan. "Challenges in electronic payment methods : legal issues with a specific reference to the development in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944045.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia, Natanya. "Anti-circumvention technology legislation in Canada : drafting a new law in the wake of the DMCA." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19625.
Повний текст джерелаYoung, Nikita Jade. "The effect of global e-commerce on taxation legislation and the permanent establishment concept in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001608.
Повний текст джерелаBlythe, Stephen Errol. "An alternative model of e-commerce law." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4394212X.
Повний текст джерелаCanavero, Steven Paul. "The multiple meanings of charter schools an interpretive policy analysis of charter school legislation in Nevada /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3258766.
Повний текст джерелаHautke, Tomáš. "Srovnání legislativy elektronického podpisu ve vybraných zamích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15411.
Повний текст джерелаДеревянко, Богдан Володимирович, Богдан Владимирович Деревянко та Bogdan Derevyanko. "Застосування сучасних технологій у промисловості і транспорті України як елемент інтеграції до європейського економічного простору". Thesis, Ірпінь : Університет державної фіскальної служби України, 2020. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9849.
Повний текст джерелаThe abstracts of the report state that the Ukrainian economy has a chance to catch up with the economies of developed European and other countries only through large-scale transfer of industry to generation and use in the production process of energy from alternative sources, and transport - to work on hydrogen internal combustion engines. Otherwise, it will be even physically impossible to integrate into the European economic area by driving a car in the middle of the twentieth century with a dangerous for the European environment and extremely uneconomical hydrocarbon internal combustion engine. Ensuring a breakthrough in Ukrainian industry and transport should be based on a basis in the form of special economic legislation.
Zurra, Rômulo José de Oliveira. "O e-legislativo como ferramenta de transparência na administração pública brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8772.
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This work is based on a review of literature on the theme Electronic Government. Its focus is the use ofthe same in the 27 state legislative bodies in Brazil as a tool for public transparency. More specificalIy, the present dissertation seeks to measure the leveI of transparency in the electronic portaIs of these legislative bodies. To this end, it was necessary to do bibliographical research on the theme, which served as a literary support for the formulations and conclusions that are presented in the study. The measurement of the degree of transparency in the state legislatures' electronic portaIs was done through the application of an electronic transparency measurement method, duly adapted, which is used by a nongovernmental organization - Legislative Monitor - to monitor Mexico's governmental electronic portaIs, based on a law of public transparency and access to public government information, now in vigor in that country. Thus, the model took into consideration the availability of information on: administrative functions; internaI control, legislative work; committee work; concessions; contracts and permissions; historical archives and library services; and externaI controls. The measurement was done item by item, presenting a table of transparency by item. Nevertheless, at the end of the study there is also presented a general ranking of electronic transparency, in which are listed alI the legislative bodies with their respective grades and leveI of transparency. To finish, the results of the research were corelated to other variables, with the intention of verifying if there is any degree of relation between the variables analyzed and the electronic transparency.
o trabalho tem como base uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema Governo Eletrônico, estando seu foco voltado para a sua utilização nas 27 assembléias legislativas estaduais do Brasil, no que diz respeito a sua utilização como ferramenta de transparência pública. Mais especificamente, a presente dissertação buscou mensurar o nível de transparência nos portais eletrônicos dessas assembléias legislativas. Para tal desiderato, foi necessário realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, que serviu de suporte literário para o devido embasamento das formulações e conclusões que foram apresentadas no decorrer do estudo. A mensuração do grau de transparência dos portais eletrônicos dos legislativos estaduais foi realizada a partir da aplicação de um método de mensuração de transparência eletrônica, com as devidas adaptações, a qual é utilizada pela organização não governamental, Monitor Legislativo, para a monitoração dos portais eletrônicos do legislativo do México, tendo como base a lei de transparência pública e acesso a informações públicas governamentais, hoje em vigor naquele país. Assim, o modelo levou em consideração a disponibilização de informações sobre: função administrativa; controle interno; trabalho legislativo; trabalho das comissões; concessões, permissões e contratos; arquivo histórico e serviços bibliotecários; e controles externos. A mensuração foi feita item a item, já apresentando um quadro da transparência por item. Não obstante, no final do trabalho foi apresentado um ranking geral da transparência eletrônica, no qual foram dispostas todas as assembléias legislativas estaduais com suas respectivas notas e nível de transparência correspondente. Por fim, os resultados da pesquisa foram correlacionados a outras variáveis, com o intuito de verificar se havia algum grau de relação entre as variáveis analisadas e a transparência eletrônica.
Jiang, Lilou. "Patentability of internet business methods in The People's Republic of China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30465527.
Повний текст джерелаLatter, Gareth Paul. "Copyright law in the digital environment: DRM systems, anti-circumvention, legislation and user rights." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003196.
Повний текст джерелаKadikov, Artem. "International taxation of cross-border digital commerce." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea6c6f2e-c65f-4fa5-945a-22eb71e12667.
Повний текст джерелаSaganich, Robert Lee. "An investigation of electronic Protected Health Information (e-PHI) privacy policy legislation in California for seniors using in-home health monitoring systems." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1075.
Повний текст джерелаBarnardt, Gerard Louis. "Electronic communication in the workplace : employer vs employee legal rights." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49942.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The monitoring of electronic communication is likely to face all employers sooner or later. The rapid advancement in technology aimed at helping to monitor electronic communication, makes it easier than ever before for employers to monitor the electronic communications of their employees. There are important questions to consider when dealing with the topic of monitoring electronic communication. Examples include "mayan employer legally monitor electronic communications?" and "how does monitoring affect the employee's right to privacy?" This thesis is an attempt to answer these and other related questions by analysing, inter alia, South African legislation, the Constitution and case law, as well as comparing the law as it applies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The analysis and conclusion offered in this thesis aim to provide theoretical consideration to academics and practical application for employers that are faced with the reality of monitoring electronic communications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle werkgewers sal waarskynlik die een of ander tyd met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie gekonfronteer word. Die snelle voortuitgang in tegnologie wat daarop gemik is om te help met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie, maak dit vir werkgewers makliker as ooit tevore om sodanige kommunikasies van hulle werknemers te monitor. Daar is egter belangrike vrae wat oorweeg moet word wanneer die onderwerp van monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie ter sprake kom. Voorbeelde hiervan is "mag 'n werknemer regtens elektroniese kommunikasies monitor?" en "hoe raak monitering die werknemer se reg tot privaatheid?" Hierdie tesis is 'n poging om hierdie en ander verwante vrae te beantwoord deur die ontleding van, onder andere, Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing, die Grondwet en die reg soos deur hofuitsprake ontwikkel, sowel as vergelyking van die reg soos wat dit van toepassing is in die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die ontleding en gevolgtrekking wat in hierdie tesis aangebied word, is gemik op die verskaffing van teoretiese oorweging aan akademici en praktiese toepassing vir werkgewers wat met die realiteit van die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasies gekonfronteer word.
Mabeka, Nombulelo Queen. "When does the conduct of an employer infringe on an employee's constitutional right to privacy when intercepting or monitoring electronic communications?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5883_1253850534.
Повний текст джерела"
The Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication Related Information Act 70 of 2002 (RICA) that regulates the monitoring of electronic communications has not yet been tested by our courts. This paper explores the likelihood of an infringement of an employee's right to privacy by an employer in the process of intercepting the latters electronic communications. It is argued that there is no explicit provision of the protection of the right to privacy that is provided in the LRA. It is further argued that the provisions of section 4, 5 and 6 of RICA as they stand do not necessarily provide for the protection of an employee's right to privacy, but the incorporation of these sections could be construed as meaning that the legislature or the framers of the legislation intended to limit the employers right to trade freely, at the same breath, limit the employees right to privacy. It is argued that RICA does not provide protection for the right to privacy wherein consent has been obtained under duress or based on misrepresentation of facts. It is contended that the interception of employees electronic communications in such circumstances would be regarded as an infringement of such employees right to privacy. The burden of proving duress or misrepresentation of facts rests on the employee who alleges that such consent was obtained under duress or based on misrepresentation of facts. It is also argued that RICA does not define the meaning of the words in the course of carrying on of business or reasonable steps provided in section 6 of RICA. It is argued that the meaning of in the course of carrying on of business would be determined by the type of the industry upon which the business operates, as well as the circumstances of the case. Reasonable steps would be regarded as being taken if employers notify employees that their electronic communications would be intercepted..."
Amoraal, Lezel. "Internet-regulering in Suid-Afrika : staat of internasionaal?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53471.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Internet has become such an integral part of computer users' daily existence that it seems as if it has always been there. The Internet with its unique borders - or lack of borders - places an enormous burden on geographically based legal systems. Regulation, that has specifically been designed for the Internet, is a necessity because virtually every aspect of the law is challenged by the Internet and that many legal frameworks are inadequate to deal with the Internet. The other aspect which complicates the Internet even more, is that there is no specific organisation, business or government to whom the Internet belongs. Individuals and organisations have rights to the web pages that they own on the Internet, but there is no ownership of the Internet in its entirety. The development of the Internet in South Africa took place during a difficult time in the country's history. The apartheid era initially limited the growth of the Internet. Much of the existing legislation in South Africa has been partially adapted to accommodate the Internet, but the government could not envisage what the actual impact of the Internet would be and consequently they reacted when it came to the regulation of the Internet. In 2002 the Electronic Communication and Transaction Act 25 of2002 came into operation. In fact, the physical component of the Internet has already been regulated to a degree by the pure coincidence as a result of its physical presence. This is because the backbone of the Internet had not originally been created by the Internet, but by the telephone. There are a number of legislative Internet-organisations that are, among others, responsible for the technical standards of the Internet, dispute resolutions and in general what is important for the Internet community. Various international conventions regulate specific aspects of the Internet such as copyright, intellectual property rights, domain names, trademarks and cyber crime. The international conventions and agreements are an important step in the direction of standardised regulation. However, the lack of borders creates problems surrounding jurisdiction of the cyber space.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Internet het al so deel van rekenaargebruikers se alledaagse bestaan geword dat dit soms wil voorkom asof dit maar nog altyd daar was. Die Internet met sy unieke grense - of sy gebrek aan grense - plaas 'n groot las op geografies gebaseerde regstelsels. Regulering wat spesifiek vir die Internet ontwerp is, is 'n noodsaaklikheid, aangesien byna elke aspek van die reg deur die Internet uitgedaag word en baie regsraamwerke onvoldoende is om die Internet te hanteer. Wat die regulering van die Internet verder kompliseer, is dat daar nie een spesifieke organisasie, onderneming of regering is aan wie die Internet behoort nie. Individue en organisasies het regte tot die webwerwe wat hulle op die Internet besit, maar daar is nie eienaarskap van die Internet in sy geheel nie. Die ontwikkeling van die Internet in Suid-Afirka het tydens 'n moeilike tydperk in die Suid- Afrikaanse geskiedenis plaasgevind. Die apartheidsera het die aanvanklike ontwikkeling en groei van die Internet in Suid-Afrika beperk. Verskeie bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing is deels aangepas om die Internet te akkommodeer, maar die regering het nooit besef wat die werklike impak van die Internet sou wees nie en het gevolglik re-aktief te werk gegaan wanneer dit by die regulering van die Internet gekom het. In 2002 het Suid-Afrika se Elektroniese Kommunikasie en Transaksies Wet 25 van 2002 in werking getree. Die regulering van die fisieke komponente van die Internet is tot 'n mate as gevolg van sy fisieke teenwoordigheid deur blote toeval, gereguleer. Dit is omdat die ruggraat van die Internet nie oorspronklik vir die Internet geskep is nie, maar vir die telefoon. Daar bestaan verskeie wetgewende Internet-organisasies wat onder meer verantwoordelik is vir die tegniese standaarde van die Internet, dispuutresolusie en wat oor die algemeen aan die belange van die Internet-gemeenskap wil voldoen. Verskeie internasionale konvensies reguleer spesifieke aspekte van die Internet soos kopiereg, intellektuele eiendomsreg, domeinname en handelsmerke en kubermisdaad. Die internasionale konvensies en verdrae is 'n belangrike stap in die rigting van gestandaardiseerde regulering. Tog skep die grenslose omstandighede van die Internet probleme rondom jurisdiksie in die kuberruim.
Helmholz, Niels. "Contract formation and the Internet : an analysis of contract formation in English, South African and German law with special regard to the Internet." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52746.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation examines the conclusion of contracts on the Internet in English and South African law on the one hand, and German law on the other. Because these legal systems have not developed specific rules for the formation of contracts by way of this medium of communication, the question is whether the traditional doctrines are adequate to the demands of tecnological innovation. The study accordingly proceeds from a detailed discussion of the traditional rules of offer and acceptance developed in each of the systems. To this end, the leading cases and of English and South African law are considered with an emphasis on the points of difference between the approach of the courts in these systems. Where there is uncertainty or different points of view, regard is had to the critical points of view of English and South African commentators. In respect of the codified German civil law, the authoritative provisions of the general part of the civil code are discussed against the background of the commentary of academic authors. An investigation of the technical structure of the Internet and the various methods of communication afforded by it, provides a foundation for an examination of the application of the general principles of the various legal systems to contract formation on the Internet. It is concluded that despite fundamental differences in the of approach of the systems under consideration, the general principles of each system are capable of application in the context of electronic contracting. The dissertation endeavours to develop proposals regarding adequate solutions to the problems typical of the process of contract formation on the Internet.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is afgestem op die hantering van kontraksluiting op die Internet in die Engelse en Suid-Afrikaanse Reg aan die een kant, en die Duitse Reg aan die ander kant. Omrede geeneen van hierdie stelsels tot op hede spesifieke maatreëls daargestel het vir kontraksluiting deur middel van hierdie kommunikasiemiddel nie, is die vraag of tradisionele beginsels afdoende is met die oog op eise van die nuwe tegnologie. Die ondersoek gaan derhalwe uit van 'n behandeling van die tradisionele reëls van aanbod en aanname soos wat dit in elkeen van die stelsels ontwikkel het. Met die oog hierop, word sleutelvonnisse van die Engelse en Suid-Afrikaanse reg ontleed, veral dan ook met klem op verskille in die benadering van die howe in hierdie twee stelsels. In geval van onsekerheid en verskille van mening, word verwys na die kritiese standpunte van Engelse en Suid-Afrikaanse kommentatore. Met verwysing na die gekodifiseerde Duitse stelsel word die gesaghebbende bepalings van die Burgerlike Wetboek behandel teen die agtergrond van die kommentaar van Duitse akademiese skrywers. 'n Ontleding van die tegniese struktuur van die Internet en die verskillende kommunikasiemetodes wat dit bied, verskaf die grondslag vir 'n ondersoek na die toepaslikheid van die algemene beginsels aangaande kontraksluiting van die onderskeie regstelsels in die konteks van elektroniese kontraktering. Die gevolgtrekking is dat ten spyte van fundamentele verskille in benadering, die algemene beginsels van die verkillende stelsels wel aanwendbaar is in die nuwe omgewing. Die verhandeling poog om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die ontwikkeling van aanvaarbare oplossings tot die probleme wat tipies is aan kontraksluiting deur middel van die Internet.
Wong, Chao-wai, and 王祖威. "EDI and the law of contract." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951089.
Повний текст джерелаBurger, Bianca. "South African VAT implications in respect of supplies by non residents to residents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019977.
Повний текст джерелаSILVA, ANA C. C. da. "Nanotecnologia em diagnóstico e terapia no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23911.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Gerber, Andre Hein. "The role of customs and value-added tax legislation in the collection of value-added tax on crossborder trade in digital goods." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73269.
Повний текст джерелаMini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Restricted
Van, Wyk J. W. "A critical legal and economic analysis of the potential threats and opportunities associated with the outsourcing of e-commerce services in developing countries with specific emphasis on India and selective SADC countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаVergote, Brecht G. W. "Migrating to the Web : the legal dimension of the e-travel revolution." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33061.
Повний текст джерелаAfter deregulation, the airlines' dependence on travel agents and CRSs led to high commission and booking fees respectively. The Internet now offers airlines a means to directly distribute their product to the travelling public with minimal expense. The airlines are eagerly shifting as many of their distribution activities as possible to different forms of web-based distribution, hoping to bypass both travel agents and CRSs. This has allowed them to reduce the commission fees they pay to travel agents. Travel agents too are going online, competing vigorously with the airlines. The combined effect of these (r)evolutions has put the airlines firmly in charge of their own distribution system.
Any such a fundamental change in a sector of industry is bound to raise anticompetitive concerns, especially for those who stand to lose the most. These concerns are at the centre of this thesis. After their examination and evaluation, I conclude that anticompetitive concerns do indeed exist and that the regulatory or antitrust authorities have the unenviable task of preserving competition, not competitors, in a new and rapidly evolving market.
Kigerl, Alex Conrad. "An Empirical Assessment of the CAN SPAM Act." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/704.
Повний текст джерелаJanse, van Rensburg Wilmari. "The impact of electronic evidence in forensic accounting investigations / Wilmari Janse van Rensburg." Thesis, North-West University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11355.
Повний текст джерелаMCom (Forensic Accountancy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014.
Dixon, Henry George. "Email security policy implementation in multinational organisations with special reference to privacy laws." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/229.
Повний текст джерелаWesson, Nicolene. "Die invloed van Internet op die toepaslikheid van die bronreels in terme van die Inkomstebelastingwet, No. 58 van 1962." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51219.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: lt is internationally accepted that Internet is the trade route of the future. Although Internet trading is still in its infancy the effect of Internet on taxation needs to be adressed. Internet defies geographic borders and leads to the questioning of the principles underlying income tax. Income tax principles are traditionally based on the existence of some form of physical presence (either residency, source of income or that of a permanent establishment) in a jurisdiction before tax can be levied. The fact that Internet can provide substantial economic activity in a jurisdiction without any physical presence, requires interpretation of and/or amendments to the traditional income tax principles. The South African income tax principles are based on the source of income. In this study the impact of Internet on the applicability of the traditional source rules, in terms of the South African Income Tax Act, no. 58 of 1962, was investigated. The study first outlines the principles and methodology laid down by South African courts in determining the source of income. These principles and methodology are then tested in an Internet environment. lt is concluded that Internet requires a reinterpretation of certain of the traditional principles, i.e.: • The fact that a dominant source rule is applied. • The classification of products and services with a digitalised content within the existing principles. • The finding of a physical location when transactions are concluded in cyberspace. • The applicability of certain deemed source rules, i.e. section 9(1 )(a), 9(1)(d), 9(1)(dbis) and certain aspects of section 9(1)(b), in an Internet environment. In obtaining a sollution for South Africa the international initiatives regarding Internet and taxation, under the guidance of the Committee on Fiscal Affairs of the Organisation for Enonomic Co-operation and Development (OECD), were taken into account. The first alternative to the traditional South African source rules that was investigated was the permanent establishment principle, as recommended by the Katz Commission in their Fifth Interim Report. Other alternatives to the permanent establishment principle were also investigated, i.e. the residence principle, formal requirements and an Internet tax. The interim solution for South Africa seems to be the acceptance of the permanent establishment principle. This principle needs interpretation and/or amendment due to the effect of Internet. In this study amendments to the permanent establishment principle are suggested in order to provide the necessary clarity in the Internet environment. A closing remark is made that Internet might well change income tax as we know it today. Internet has the ability to simplify tax systems. None of the income tax alternatives provide simple tax solutions. The tax of the future seems to be some form of indirect tax. Internet is an international medium and addresses international tax issues. South Africa will, by accepting the permanent establishment principle, be in a position to join the co-ordinated efforts towards solving the Internet related tax problems while aiming to protect our tax base.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Internet word internasionaal as die handelsroete van die toekoms beskou. Alhoewel lnternethandel nog in sy kinderskoene is, moet die invloed van Internet op belasting aangespreek word. lnternethandel misken geografiese grense en lei tot die bevraagtekening van die beginsels waarop inkomstebelasting gebaseer is. lnkomstebelastingbeginsels berus tradisioneel op die bestaan van 'n vorm van fisiese teenwoordigheid in 'n jurisdiksie (hetsy verblyf, bron van inkomste of die bestaan van 'n permanentesaak) alvorens belasting gehef kan word. Die feit dat Internet wesenlike ekonomiese aktiwiteite in 'n jurisdiksie kan bewerkstellig sonder dat daar enige fisiese teenwoordigheid is, noodsaak die herinterpretasie van en/of aanpassings aan die tradisionele inkomstebelastingbeginsels. Die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomstebelastingbeginsels berus op die bron van inkomste. In hierdie studie is die invloed van Internet op die toepaslikheid van die tradisionele bronreels, in terme van die lnkomstebelastingwet, no. 58 van 1962, ondersoek. In die studie is die beginsels en reels wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse howe neergele word by die vasstelling van die bron van inkomste eerstens ontleed. Daarna is die beginsels en reels in die lnternetomgewing getoets. Die afleiding word gemaak dat Internet die herinterpretasie van sekere van die tradisionele beginsels en reels verg, naamlik: • Die feit dat 'n dominante bronreel toegepas word. • Die klassifisering van produkte en dienste met 'n digitale inhoud binne die tradisionele beginsels. • Die vasstelling van 'n fisiese plek indien transaksies in die kuberruimte plaasvind. • Die toepaslikheid van sekere geagtebronreels, naamlik artikel 9(1 )(a), 9(1)(d), 9(1)(dbis) en sekere aspekte van artikel 9(1)(b), in die I nternetomgewing. In die soeke na 'n oplossing vir Suid-Afrika is die internasionale inisiatiewe rondom Internet en belasting, onder leiding van die Fiskale Komitee van die Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), in ag geneem. Die eerste alternatief op die tradisionele Suid-Afrikaanse bronreels wat ondersoek is, is die permanantesaak-beginsel, soos voorgestel deur die Katzkommissie in die Vyfde Verslag. Ander alternatiewe wat ook ondersoek is, is die verblyfbeginsel, formele handelinge en 'n lnternetbelasting. Die oplossing vir die hede vir Suid-Afrika blyk die aanvaarding van die permanantesaak-beginsel te wees. Hierdie beginsel verg herinterpretasie en/of aanpassings weens die invloed van Internet. In hierdie studie word aanpassings aan die permanentesaak-beginsel voorgestel ten einde die nodige duidelikheid binne die lnternetomgewing te verskaf. Ter afsluiting word vermeld dat Internet weliswaar die einde mag aandui vir inkomstebelastingstelsels wereldwyd. Internet besit die vermoe om belasting te vereenvoudig. Die inkomstebelasting alternatiewe wat in hierdie studie ondersoek is het nie eenvoudige oplossings gebied nie. Die belasting van die toekoms blyk 'n vorm van indirekte belasting te wees. Internet is 'n internasionale medium en spreek internasionale belastingkwessies aan. Die aanvaarding van die permanentesaak-beginsel sal SuidAfrika in 'n goeie posisie plaas om aan die internasionale inisiatiewe rondom Internet en belasting deel te neem en om terselfdertyd ons belastingbasis te beskerm.
Koether, Philipp. "On the basis of F.A.v. Hayek's idea of a free market monetary system and his publication: "Denationalisation ofmoney : an analysis of the theory and practice of concurrentcurrencies" (1976) about currency competition on financial markets inthe times of electronic commerce and the introduction of "e-money"." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972810.
Повний текст джерелаO'Brien, N. D. "The liability of Internet service providers for unlawful content posted by third parties." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1149.
Повний текст джерелаOosthuizen, Sonia. "Die invloed van elektroniese handel op die toepaslikheid van die Wet of Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde, no. 89 van 1991 /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3404.
Повний текст джерелаThe advent of the internet made it possible to conduct business in a different manner - electronically. Electronic commerce enables residents and vendors to transact with residents and vendors of any other country (jurisdiction) at any time, making the world indeed a smaller place. Electronic commerce has, however, raised many questions internationally. Determining the effect of such transactions on the tax take of a country is of great importance to a government. The South African Revenue Service adjusted the Income Tax Act in order to take globalisation into account in accordance with international direction. In contrast, no changes have been suggested for the indirect taxation, namely value added tax. Electronic commerce were not contemplated when the Value-Added Tax Act was introduced in 1991. The charging section (section 7 of the mentioned act) provides that a transaction will be taxed in South Africa on the supply of goods or services, on the import of goods and on the supply of an imported service. In traditional business the place of supply was easy to define because a pure consumption test could be applied: namely that the place of supply is where the goods or services have been consumed. Today this rule will put an enormous compliance burden on vendors since the physical place of consumption in electronic commerce is not that obvious (Masters, 2001). Not only must the precise place of supply be determined but the vendor also has to value the supply in multiple jurisdictions. This study highlights the applicable sections of the Value-Added Tax Act and applies it to electronic commerce in order to determine if the existing legislation should be modernised or if parts of it needs to be re-written. The following concepts will be considered: • Place of supply in order to determine the jurisdiction where tax must be charged. • Value of supply to determine the value on which tax must be charged. • Vendor to determine which entities, South African or otherwise, have to register for VAT in South Africa. • Goods. • Services to consider goods and services of digital content. The international initiatives regarding the application of consumption tax, under the leadership of the Fiscal Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, were taken into account in the study of any required amendments to sections of the Value-Added Tax Act. A group, “The Consumption Tax Technical Advisory Group”, was established in January 1999 by the OECD to consult with business and non-members on the implementation of consumption tax on electronic commerce transactions. The composition of the group is representative of the main trading nations in the world, but also includes smaller countries, non-members and private sector participants. It includes Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the European Commission. Considering the global composition of the group this study will focus on the initiatives of the OECD and it is not deemed necessary to investigate the initiatives of individual countries. The study will however consider the research and initiatives of South Africa’s biggest commercial partner, the European Union (OECD, 2004a: 285). The South African initiatives regarding electronic commerce include the Green Paper on Electronic Commerce released by the Department of Communication in November 2000 and the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act promulgated on 26 June 2002. The legislation does not address the tax implication of electronic commerce but in chapter 4 of the mentioned green paper it was discussed by the legislators. There is growing international pressure to lower corporate income tax rates. As the tax base erodes in this area other sources, possibly consumer taxation, must be found to meet the shortfalls (Masters, 2001). It is the aim of this study to show that the present Value-Added Tax Act is in need of modernisation in order to take into account the wide range of electronic commerce transactions.
Jordaan, Jason. "An examination of validation practices in relation to the forensic acquisition of digital evidence in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016361.
Повний текст джерелаMargolis, David. "An analysis of electronic surveillance in the USAPATRIOT act." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/776.
Повний текст джерелаBachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies